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The Republic of Ecuador is a State constitutional rights and
social justice, democratic, sovereign, independent,
unitary, secular multinational and intercultural. It is
organized as a republic and is governed in a decentralized
manner, as specified in article 1 of the Constitution of the
Republic of Ecuador.
Institutional
According to the Constitution, the powers of the state are
divided into five functions:
Executive Branch: It is exercised by the President, who is Head
of State and Government, responsible for public
administration. The executive branch consists of the Presidency
and Vice Presidency, the Ministries of State.
The Legislative Branch: Performs the functions of law making and
oversight, including the possibility of bringing
impeachment against the President, Vice President and Ministers
of State in Ecuador is known as the National
Assembly, based in Quito exercises the legislative function and
is unicameral.
The Judicial Branch: The function is responsible for the
administration of justice, called the National Court of
Justice, courts and tribunals established by the Constitution
and the law, and the National Judicial Council.
The Role of Transparency and Social Control: Its function is to
promote and encourage "the control of t he entities
and public sector organizations, and individuals or legal
entities in the private sector to provide services or carry out
activities of public interest, to performed with the
accountability, transparency and fairness, "also" promote and
encourage citizen participation, protect the exercise and
enforcement of rights, and prevent and combat corruption.
The Electoral Branch: Its function is to "guarantee the exercise
of political rights that are expressed through the
vote, and those on the political organization of
citizenship."
Ecuador's political system is based on a series of historical
and social conditions that have made political parties have
a connotation important mega live within the city of Ecuador.
Issues such as compulsory voting, and populism,
religion, racial contrasts, cultural and social, as well as the
political manipulation of public services and state
institutions are factors that shape identity politics in
Ecuador.
From the 80's during the period known as the return to
democracy, political parties won critical and progressively
strengthened. In those days also starts the stage for the
emergence of political movements, which grouped a
significant number of militants and would contribute to the
political process in Ecuador.
History
During the first century of democracy, politics was led by
leaders of the Radical LiberalParty (which came from thecoast), and
the Conservative Party (which was chaired by politicians of the
Sierra).
Another historic home party is the Communist Party of Ecuador,
founded in 1926, affiliated to the Third Communist
International in 1931 andwhich came off the majority of parties
and political movements of the left.
The first match was Ecuador's populist National Federation
Velasquista, built aroundthe figure of President Jos
Mara Velasco Ibarra. Another popular game was dragging
Concentration of Popular Forces, broad activity between
the decades of 50 and 80.
Since the return to democracy in 1979, no party has achieved
majority control in Congress, except for the period
1988-90 when the party won a majority social democratic
Democratic Left (Ecuador).
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The more parties that have been highlighted by the number of
representatives in Congress, and activity and political
stability are the Social Christian Party, led by former
President Leon Febres Cordero, and the Democratic Left
(Ecuador), led by former President Rodrigo Borja Cevallos.
In the October 2006 elections, candidates with greater choice
were Leon Roldos Aguilera, the Ethics and Democracy
Network Alliance-Democratic Left (Ecuador),Cynthia Viteri of the
Social Christian Party, Rafael Correa, of Alianza PAIS
political movement (Motherland haughty and Sovereign), and
Alvaro Noboa, the PRIAN. In the first round,
candidates with the most votes were Alvaro Noboa and Rafael
Correa in the second round, was elected RafaelCorrea.
Parties represented in the National Assembly of Ecuador
(124).
Alianza PAIS (Patria Altiva y Soberana) 80
Partido Sociedad Patritica (PSP) 19 Partido Social Cristiano
(PSC) 5
Movimiento Cvico Madera de Guerrero (MDG)
Partido Renovador Institucional Accin Nacional (PRIAN)
Movimiento Popular Democrtico (MPD) Pachakutik (MUPP) Partido
Roldosista Ecuatoriano (PRE) Izquierda Democrtica (ID) Movimiento
Municipalista para la Integridad Nacional (MMIN) Concertacin
Nacional Democrtica (CND) Movimiento Independiente Obras son Amores
Movimiento Conservador social de Carchi Movimiento Poltico
independiente Amauta Yuyai Movimiento Regional autnomo Conciencia
cvica Accin regional para la Equidad / Popular Alianza
Latinoamericana Movimiento independiente Unido para Pastaza Ruptura
de los 25
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