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Second AIACC Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop Luis Jose Mata [email protected] Buenos Aires 24-27 Aug. 2004 ZEFc IPCC

Second AIACC Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

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Buenos Aires 24-27 Aug. 2004. Second AIACC Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop. Luis Jose Mata [email protected]. IPCC. ZEFc. Buenos Aires 24-27 Aug. 2004. Climate Change and Water Management Overview. Avances cientificos y tecnologicos para evitar medidas ingenuas. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Second AIACC Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Luis Jose Mata [email protected]

Buenos Aires 24-27 Aug. 2004

ZEFc IPCC

Page 2: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Climate Change and Water Management

Overview

Buenos Aires 24-27 Aug. 2004

Avances cientificos y tecnologicos paraevitar medidas ingenuas

La ciencia no debe solamente generarconocimientos sino que tambien debe

influenciar la politica cientifica

Page 3: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Descripción General de los tópicos de la presentación

1- A manera de introducción: balance hidrico—cantidad de agua almacenadaen el sistema climático.

2- Precipitaciones Intensas y sus Impactos

3- Inundaciones y Sequias (Extremos Hidrológicos) sometidos a uncambio del clima.

4- Persistencia (el efecto Hurst)

5- Adaptación y Mitigacion: Sector Agua

[Outline]

Page 4: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

1- A manera de introducción—balance hidrico—cantidad de agua almacenadaen el sistema climático.

Page 5: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Image: courtesy of NASA Jet PropulsionLaboratory

El agua tanto es su forma liquida como congelada cubre aproximadamenteun 75% de la superficie de la Tierra. Todos conocemos que es indispensable para el desarrollo y sustentode la vida.

90

90

0

Precipitation 2000

Nature

Distribucion es no homogenea

Page 6: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

El ciclo de agua tiene dos partes: la atmosferica y la terrestre.

Y tiene que ser analisadas como un todo.

Promediando en el tiempo

t

W

+ divQ = PE

Con la exepcion de tormentas muy fuertes y para cortos periodos de tiempo

PEdivQt

W

Las dos partes conectadas

SRo divQ -

t

W

small

Promediando en el espacio (i.e., cuenca)

Source: Mata, WCCC2003

Page 7: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Ocean

1350 x 1015 m3

Land

34 x 1015 m3

Atmosphere

0,013 x 10 15 m3

EEP P361x 1012 324 x 1012 m3/year 99 x 1012

62 x 1012

Ro 37 x 1012

Amounts of water stored in oceans, land, and atmosphere

Peixoto et al., 1973 (40)

(71)(111)(385)(424)

Baumgartner et al., 1975

Page 8: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

2- Precipitaciones Intensas y sus Impactos

Page 9: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

3- Inundaciones y Sequias (Extremos Hidrológicos) sometidos a uncambio del clima.

Page 10: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

El calentamiento global (T & E) induces cambio climaticos, los principales cambios son en la caracteristicas de eventos de precipitacion (intensidad y frecuencia).

La razon es la dependencia de la intensidad de la precipitacion en la disponibilidad de --atmospheric moisture—la cual cambia con la --water holding capacity de la atmosfera e incrementa no linealmente con la

temperatura.

No es solamente importante la cantidad de precipitacion. Tambien lo son la frecuencia y la intensidad y quizas deberiamosanadir la persistencia.

2622.0

TR

L

dT

de

d

s

Clapeyron-Clausius equation

Page 11: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Global Warming

Q

Temperature and Evaporation

Water holding capacity

Atmospheric moisture

Greenhouse effect and Rain intensity

Heating

Floods

2002

Page 12: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Heat waves in summer of 2003

Photos L.J.Mata

We should avoid the short memory syndrome in decision making process

adaptation

Page 13: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

5- Adaptación y Mitigacion: Sector Agua

El articulo 2 de la UNFCCC

Page 14: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

ecosystem food s. development

Water resources

What is dangerous climate change?

Article 2

Page 15: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

2050

Page 16: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

IPCC,2001

Risk

II. Relacion entre el incremento de la temperatura media global

Y la probabilidad de ocurrencia de eventos extremos

Small

Page 17: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Planners and engineers normally use estimated, for example, the average time between events (return period).

Return period estimates normally are based on recent instrumental records. the assumption of stationarity is used —the statistic of past events are applicable to the future—but

climate change means that this often will not be the case .

Buenos Aires 24-27 Aug, 2004

Persistence

Page 18: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Source: Munich Re (picture of the year 2003)

Water shortage in India 2003

Buenos Aires 24-27 Aug, 2004

Water wells & reservoirs dried up

Doubts about water scarcity??

Page 19: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

2002

2004

2003

2003

2003

2003

2004

2004

2004 2003

Water –More Nutrition per Drop

Page 20: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

4- Persistencia (el efecto Hurst)

Page 21: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Q(t) Vmax

V(t)

Vmin

Qav(t)

Definicion (fisica) del rango como la diferencia entre el maximo y el minimoalmacenamiento V en un tiempo determinado.

El flujo de salida es constante e igual a flujo de entrada promedio

Page 22: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

El rango re-escalado R S(t) es propocionat a TH, donde H es el llamadoexponente de Hurst

HTTRS )(

El exponente de Hurst (H) se ha convertido en una forma de medir la persistencia de una serie de tiempo (por ejemplo precipitaciones)

H > 0.5 persitencia

H< 0.5 no hay persistencia

Page 23: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Yearly average rainfall

820

840

860

880

900

0 20 40 60 80 100Year

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Historical 1890-1989

A2 2000-2099

B2 2000-2099

Precipitacion annual (en mm) modelada por un GCM (el ECHAM4)

Page 24: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

ECHAM4 Hurst Coefficient pdf

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1Hurst Coefficient, H

Pro

bab

ilit

y D

enis

ty

Historical 1890-1985

SRES-B2 2000-2095

SRES-A2 2000-2095

Funcion de Densidad de Probabilidad (pdf) del exponente de Hurst

Page 25: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

<0.390.460.520.590.660.720.790.860.92

SRES-B2 ECHAM4 2000-2085, Pacific Ocean

Green = 0.32 to 0.55Red = 0.56 to 0.92

Mapa del exponente de Hurst, sobre el Oceano Pacifico

Banda concaracteristicas deartipersistencia

Page 26: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Oceans

H < 0.590

0.590 < H < 0.683

H > 0.683

Poor regression

Historical ECHAM4 1890-1985

Mapeo Global de Persistencia

H < 0.590 (low)0.590<H<0.683 (medium)H > 0.683 (high persistence)

Source: Mata & van de Giessen, 2004

Page 27: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Oceans H < 0.5900.590 < H < 0.683 H > 0.683Poor regression

SRES-B2 ECHAM4 2000-2085

Mapeo Global de Persistencia

H < 0.590 (low)0.590<H<0.683 (medium)H > 0.683 (high persistence)

Page 28: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Oceans H < 0.5900.590 < H < 0.683 H > 0.683Poor regression

SRES-A2 ECHAM4 2000-2085

Mapeo Global de Persistencia

H < 0.590 (low)0.590<H<0.683 (medium)H > 0.683 (high persistence)

Page 29: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Complementarity between mitigation and adaptation

Adaptacion es una opcion global no local (??)

Page 30: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

Areas of complementarity between adaptation and mitigation for the watersector in the long term, where levels of mitigation determine the levels ofadaptation needed

Source: Mata & Budhooram, 2004

Page 31: Second  AIACC  Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop

AIACC Buenos Aires 2004

water

landAtmosperic pressure = 1.013 mbar

Average marine water temperature = 3.42

Gracias

FIN!!!

Temperatura de hoy = 12 C