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Shell es el entorno grafico como vamos a ingresar
[root@caguate ~]# ls -l
total 20
-rw-------. 1 root root 1375 feb 21 10:44 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8823 feb 21 10:44 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3384 feb 21 10:43 install.log.syslog
[root@caguate ~]# ls -lt
total 20
-rw-------. 1 root root 1375 feb 21 10:44 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8823 feb 21 10:44 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3384 feb 21 10:43 install.log.syslog
[root@caguate ~]# ls -lta
total 60
dr-xr-xr-x. 22 root root 4096 feb 28 08:32 ..
drwx------. 2 root root 4096 feb 28 08:16 .ssh
dr-xr-x---. 3 root root 4096 feb 28 08:16 .
-rw-------. 1 root root 3144 feb 23 05:35 .viminfo
-rw-------. 1 root root 1170 feb 21 13:40 .bash_history
-rw-------. 1 root root 1375 feb 21 10:44 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8823 feb 21 10:44 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3384 feb 21 10:43 install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 may 20 2009 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 may 20 2009 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129 dic 3 2004 .tcshrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 sep 22 2004 .bashrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 sep 22 2004 .cshrc
Buscar un argumento
[root@caguate ~]# ls -lt /tmp
total 44
-rw-------. 1 root root 43056 feb 23 05:41 yum_save_tx-2015-02-23-05-41k8CV2V.yumtx
-rw-------. 1 root root 0 feb 21 10:41 yum.log
[root@caguate ~]# ls /var -l
total 60
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 feb 21 10:42 cache
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 feb 21 10:43 db
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 feb 21 10:43 empty
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 sep 23 2011 games
drwxr-xr-x. 15 root root 4096 feb 21 10:43 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 sep 23 2011 local
drwxrwxr-x. 5 root lock 4096 feb 21 10:43 lock
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 feb 28 08:32 log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 feb 21 10:41 mail -> spool/mail
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 sep 23 2011 nis
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 sep 23 2011 opt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 sep 23 2011 preserve
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 4096 feb 28 08:33 run
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 4096 feb 21 10:42 spool
drwxrwxrwt. 2 root root 4096 feb 21 11:54 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 sep 23 2011 yp
[root@caguate ~]# yum info man-pages-es
Complementos cargados:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.uta.edu.ec
* extras: mirror.uta.edu.ec
* updates: mirror.uta.edu.ec
Paquetes disponibles
Nombre : man-pages-es
Arquitectura : noarch
Versión : 1.55
Lanzamiento : 14.el6
Tamaño : 1.6 M
Repositorio : base
Resumen : Spanish man pages from the Linux Documentation Project
URL : http://ditec.um.es/~piernas/manpages-es/
Licencia : IEEE
Descripción :This package contains the translation into Spanish of the English
: man-pages package. It is a beta release, so you can still find a
: lot of bugs. Contributions are welcome. For any doubt or
: suggestion about this release, send an e-mail to Juan Piernas
: Canovas <piernas at ditec.um.es>. In order to collaborate with the
: project, please visit http://es.tldp.org.
[root@caguate ~]# # Instalar Documentacion (manuales) de comandos
[root@caguate ~]# yum -y install man-pages-es
Complementos cargados:fastestmirror
Configurando el proceso de instalación
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.uta.edu.ec
* extras: mirror.uta.edu.ec
* updates: mirror.uta.edu.ec
Resolviendo dependencias
--> Ejecutando prueba de transacción
---> Package man-pages-es.noarch 0:1.55-14.el6 will be instalado
--> Procesando dependencias: man para el paquete: man-pages-es-1.55-14.el6.noarch
--> Ejecutando prueba de transacción
---> Package man.x86_64 0:1.6f-32.el6 will be instalado
--> Procesando dependencias: lzma para el paquete: man-1.6f-32.el6.x86_64
--> Ejecutando prueba de transacción
---> Package xz-lzma-compat.x86_64 0:4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6 will be instalado
--> Procesando dependencias: xz = 4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6 para el paquete: xz-lzma-compat-4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64
--> Ejecutando prueba de transacción
---> Package xz.x86_64 0:4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6 will be instalado
--> Resolución de dependencias finalizada
Dependencias resueltas
================================================================================
Paquete Arquitectura
Versión Repositorio
Tamaño
================================================================================
Instalando:
man-pages-es noarch 1.55-14.el6 base 1.6 M
Instalando para las dependencias:
man x86_64 1.6f-32.el6 base 263 k
xz x86_64 4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6 base 137 k
xz-lzma-compat x86_64 4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6 base 16 k
Resumen de la transacción
================================================================================
Instalar 4 Paquete(s)
Tamaño total de la descarga: 2.0 M
Tamaño instalado: 2.3 M
Descargando paquetes:
(1/4): man-1.6f-32.el6.x86_64.rpm | 263 kB 00:00
(2/4): man-pages-es-1.55-14.el6.noarch.rpm | 1.6 MB 00:01
(3/4): xz-4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64.rpm | 137 kB 00:00
(4/4): xz-lzma-compat-4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6.x | 16 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 734 kB/s | 2.0 MB 00:02
Ejecutando el rpm_check_debug
Ejecutando prueba de transacción
La prueba de transacción ha sido exitosa
Ejecutando transacción
Instalando : xz-4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64 1/4
Instalando : xz-lzma-compat-4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64 2/4
Instalando : man-1.6f-32.el6.x86_64 3/4
Instalando : man-pages-es-1.55-14.el6.noarch 4/4
Verifying : man-pages-es-1.55-14.el6.noarch 1/4
Verifying : man-1.6f-32.el6.x86_64 2/4
Verifying : xz-4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64 3/4
Verifying : xz-lzma-compat-4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64 4/4
Instalado:
man-pages-es.noarch 0:1.55-14.el6
Dependencia(s) instalada(s):
man.x86_64 0:1.6f-32.el6
xz.x86_64 0:4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6
xz-lzma-compat.x86_64 0:4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6
¡Listo!
[root@caguate ~]#
[root@caguate ~]# man ls
50 + shift + gr
Listar directories
Quien esta en el Sistema
Who
W
[root@caguate ~]# w
09:21:17 up 48 min, 4 users, load average: 0,00, 0,00, 0,00
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root tty1 - 08:33 1:34 2.99s 0.00s man ls
root pts/0 192.168.0.108 08:38 41:53 0.04s 0.04s -bash
root pts/1 192.168.0.108 08:45 35:14 0.05s 0.05s -bash
root pts/2 192.168.0.106 08:47 0.00s 0.23s 0.04s w
control alt f1 para ver las pantallas
contrl d para salir de la sesión remota
[root@caguate ~]# cd /tmp
[root@caguate tmp]# cd
[root@caguate ~]# cd /etc/
[root@caguate etc]# pwd
/etc
[root@caguate etc]# cd /root/respaldos/
[root@caguate respaldos]# cp -r /etc .
[root@caguate respaldos]# ls -lt
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 61 root root 4096 feb 28 09:42 etc
[root@caguate respaldos]#
Borrar en forma recursiva
[root@caguate respaldos]# rm -rf /root/respaldos/etc/
[root@caguate respaldos]# cp -r /etc/ /root/respaldos/
[root@caguate ~]# ls -LR /etc/ | grep history
History historial_comandos_28febrero2015.txt borrar2
Toutch historial_comandos_28febrero2015.txt borrar2
[root@caguate ~]# # archivos de usuarios y Grupos en Linux
[root@caguate ~]# ls -lt /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /home/
----------. 1 root root 592 feb 21 10:44 /etc/shadow
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 854 feb 21 10:44 /etc/passwd
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 454 feb 21 10:43 /etc/group
/home/:
total 0
[root@caguate ~]#
[root@caguate ~]# more /etc/paswd
/etc/paswd: No existe el fichero o el directorio
[root@caguate ~]# more /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
[root@caguate ~]#
[root@caguate ~]# tail /etc/passwd
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
israel:x:500:500::/home/israel:/bin/bash
edwin:x:501:501::/home/edwin:/bin/bash
cristian:x:502:502::/home/cristian:/bin/bash
Luis:x:503:503::/home/Luis:/bin/bash
Rodrigo:x:504:504::/home/Rodrigo:/bin/bash
Jose:x:505:505::/home/Jose:/bin/bash
[root@caguate ~]# tail -2 /etc/passwd
Rodrigo:x:504:504::/home/Rodrigo:/bin/bash
Jose:x:505:505::/home/Jose:/bin/bash
[root@caguate ~]# # Asignar claves a los usuarios
[root@caguate ~]# passwd israel
Cambiando la contraseña del usuario israel.
Nueva contraseña:
CONTRASEÑA INCORRECTA: Está basada en una palabra del diccionario.
Vuelva a escribir la nueva contraseña:
passwd: todos los tokens de autenticación se actualizaron exitosamente.
[root@caguate ~]# egrep "root|bin|halt|israel" /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
israel:x:500:500::/home/israel:/bin/bash
edwin:x:501:501::/home/edwin:/bin/bash
cristian:x:502:502::/home/cristian:/bin/bash
Luis:x:503:503::/home/Luis:/bin/bash
Rodrigo:x:504:504::/home/Rodrigo:/bin/bash
Jose:x:505:505::/home/Jose:/bin/bash
[root@caguate ~]#
[root@caguate ~]# usermod --help
Usage: usermod [options] LOGIN
Options:
-c, --comment COMMENT new value of the GECOS field
-d, --home HOME_DIR new home directory for the user account
-e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE set account expiration date to EXPIRE_DATE
-f, --inactive INACTIVE set password inactive after expiration
to INACTIVE
-g, --gid GROUP force use GROUP as new primary group
-G, --groups GROUPS new list of supplementary GROUPS
-a, --append append the user to the supplemental GROUPS
mentioned by the -G option without removing
him/her from other groups
-h, --help display this help message and exit
-l, --login NEW_LOGIN new value of the login name
-L, --lock lock the user account
-m, --move-home move contents of the home directory to the
new location (use only with -d)
-o, --non-unique allow using duplicate (non-unique) UID
-p, --password PASSWORD use encrypted password for the new password
-s, --shell SHELL new login shell for the user account
-u, --uid UID new UID for the user account
-U, --unlock unlock the user account
-Z, --selinux-user new SELinux user mapping for the user account
[root@caguate ~]# tail /etc/passwd
[root@caguate ~]# tail -6 /etc/passwd
israel:x:500:500::/home/israel:/bin/bash
edwin:x:501:501::/home/edwin:/bin/bash
cristian:x:502:502::/home/cristian:/bin/bash
Luis:x:503:503::/home/Luis:/bin/bash
Rodrigo:x:504:504::/home/Rodrigo:/bin/bash
Jose:x:505:505::/home/Jose:/bin/bash
[root@caguate ~]# # Cambiar opciones a los usuarios
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -c "Israel Pacheco" -s /sbin/nologin israel
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -c "Edwin Caguate" -s /sbin/nologin edwin
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -c "Rodrigo Garces" -s /sbin/nologin rodrigo
usermod: user 'rodrigo' does not exist
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -c "Rodrigo Garces" -s /sbin/nologin rodrigo
usermod: user 'rodrigo' does not exist
[root@caguate ~]# adduser rodrigo
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -c "Rodrigo Garces" -s /sbin/nologin rodrigo
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -c "cristian bautista" -s /sbin/nologin cristian
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -c "Luis Cevallosa" -s /sbin/nologin cristian
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -c "Jose Barahona" jose
usermod: user 'jose' does not exist
[root@caguate ~]# adduser jose
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -c "Jose Barahona" jose
[root@caguate ~]# tail -6 /etc/passwd
cristian:x:502:502:Luis Cevallosa:/home/cristian:/sbin/nologin
Luis:x:503:503::/home/Luis:/bin/bash
Rodrigo:x:504:504::/home/Rodrigo:/bin/bash
Jose:x:505:505::/home/Jose:/bin/bash
rodrigo:x:506:506:Rodrigo Garces:/home/rodrigo:/sbin/nologin
jose:x:507:507:Jose Barahona:/home/jose:/bin/bash
[root@caguate ~]# grep nin/bash /etc/passwd
[root@caguate ~]# grep bin/bash /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
Luis:x:503:503::/home/Luis:/bin/bash
Rodrigo:x:504:504::/home/Rodrigo:/bin/bash
Jose:x:505:505::/home/Jose:/bin/bash
jose:x:507:507:Jose Barahona:/home/jose:/bin/bash
[root@caguate ~]# # Crear grupos de trabajo
[root@caguate ~]# groupadd usuarios
[root@caguate ~]# groupdel usuarios
[root@caguate ~]# grep israel /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group
/etc/passwd:israel:x:500:500:Israel Pacheco:/home/israel:/sbin/nologin
/etc/shadow:israel:$6$WYc4E0x.$IrvnzmZ2ol.5/4g4GhMVNbpsjvm115dbaUNP2rUq/7vE7MDdvwGPO2fM3gGAKlMnHmq3TQ3nU9/btU9IH5qRk0:16494:0:99999:7:::
/etc/group:israel:x:500:
[root@caguate ~]# groupadd -g 5001 usuarios
[root@caguate ~]# groupadd -g 5002 clientes
[root@caguate ~]# groupadd -g 5003 proveedores
[root@caguate ~]# groupadd -g 5004 directores
[root@caguate ~]# tail /etc/group
cristian:x:502:
Luis:x:503:
Rodrigo:x:504:
Jose:x:505:
rodrigo:x:506:
jose:x:507:
usuarios:x:5001:
clientes:x:5002:
proveedores:x:5003:
directores:x:5004:
[root@caguate ~]# adduser admin
[root@caguate ~]# tail /etc/group
Luis:x:503:
Rodrigo:x:504:
Jose:x:505:
rodrigo:x:506:
jose:x:507:
usuarios:x:5001:
clientes:x:5002:
proveedores:x:5003:
directores:x:5004:
admin:x:508:
[root@caguate ~]# ls -lt /home/
total 36
drwx------. 2 admin admin 4096 feb 28 10:54 admin
drwx------. 2 jose jose 4096 feb 28 10:43 jose
drwx------. 2 rodrigo rodrigo 4096 feb 28 10:41 rodrigo
drwx------. 2 Jose Jose 4096 feb 28 10:23 Jose
drwx------. 2 Rodrigo Rodrigo 4096 feb 28 10:23 Rodrigo
drwx------. 2 Luis Luis 4096 feb 28 10:23 Luis
drwx------. 2 cristian cristian 4096 feb 28 10:23 cristian
drwx------. 2 edwin edwin 4096 feb 28 10:23 edwin
drwx------. 2 israel israel 4096 feb 28 10:22 israel
[root@caguate ~]# rm -rf /home/borrar/
[root@caguate ~]# ls -lt /var/mail/
total 0
-rw-rw----. 1 509 mail 0 feb 28 10:56 borrar
-rw-rw----. 1 admin mail 0 feb 28 10:54 admin
-rw-rw----. 1 jose mail 0 feb 28 10:43 jose
-rw-rw----. 1 rodrigo mail 0 feb 28 10:41 rodrigo
-rw-rw----. 1 Jose mail 0 feb 28 10:23 Jose
-rw-rw----. 1 Rodrigo mail 0 feb 28 10:23 Rodrigo
-rw-rw----. 1 Luis mail 0 feb 28 10:23 Luis
-rw-rw----. 1 cristian mail 0 feb 28 10:23 cristian
-rw-rw----. 1 edwin mail 0 feb 28 10:23 edwin
-rw-rw----. 1 israel mail 0 feb 28 10:22 israel
[root@caguate ~]# rm -rf /var/mail/borrar
[root@caguate ~]# grep israel /etc/passwd etc/shadow /etc/group
/etc/passwd:israel:x:500:500:Israel Pacheco:/home/israel:/sbin/nologin
grep: etc/shadow: No existe el fichero o el directorio
/etc/group:israel:x:500:
[root@caguate ~]# grep israel /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group
/etc/passwd:israel:x:500:500:Israel Pacheco:/home/israel:/sbin/nologin
/etc/shadow:israel:$6$WYc4E0x.$IrvnzmZ2ol.5/4g4GhMVNbpsjvm115dbaUNP2rUq/7vE7MDdvwGPO2fM3gGAKlMnHmq3TQ3nU9/btU9IH5qRk0:16494:0:99999:7:::
/etc/group:israel:x:500:
[root@caguate ~]# ls -ld /home/israel /var/mail/israel
drwx------. 2 israel israel 4096 feb 28 10:22 /home/israel
-rw-rw----. 1 israel mail 0 feb 28 10:22 /var/mail/Israel
[root@caguate ~]# # asignar Grupos de Usuarios
[root@caguate ~]# adduser proveedor1
[root@caguate ~]# adduser proveedor2
[root@caguate ~]# adduser proveedor3
[root@caguate ~]# adduser cliente1
[root@caguate ~]# adduser cliente2
[root@caguate ~]# adduser cliente3
[root@caguate ~]# grep cliente1 /etc/passwd
cliente1:x:512:512::/home/cliente1:/bin/bash
[root@caguate ~]# ls /home/cliente1
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G clientes clientes1
usermod: user 'clientes1' does not exist
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G clientes cliente1
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G clientes cliente2
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G clientes cliente3
[root@caguate ~]# grep clientes /etc/group
clientes:x:5002:cliente1,cliente2,cliente3
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G proveedores proveedor1
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G proveedores proveedor2
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G proveedores proveedor3
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G usuarios israel
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G usuarios edwin
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G usuarios rodrigo
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G usuarios cristian
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G usuarios luis
usermod: user 'luis' does not exist
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G usuarios jose
[root@caguate ~]# adduser luis
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G usuarios luis
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G usuarios jose
[root@caguate ~]# grep jose /etc/group
jose:x:507:
usuarios:x:5001:israel,edwin,rodrigo,cristian,jose,luis
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G usuarios,proveedores,clientes,jose
usermod: user 'usuarios,proveedores,clientes,jose' does not exist
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G usuarios,proveedores,clientes jose
[root@caguate ~]# grep jose /etc/group
jose:x:507:
usuarios:x:5001:israel,edwin,rodrigo,cristian,jose,luis
clientes:x:5002:cliente1,cliente2,cliente3,jose
proveedores:x:5003:proveedor1,proveedor2,proveedor3,jose
[root@caguate ~]# usermod -G usuarios,proveedores,clientes,directores jose
[root@caguate ~]#
[root@caguate ~]# cat /etc/group
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:bin,daemon
daemon:x:2:bin,daemon
sys:x:3:bin,adm
adm:x:4:adm,daemon
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:daemon
mem:x:8:
kmem:x:9:
wheel:x:10:
mail:x:12:mail,postfix
uucp:x:14:
man:x:15:
games:x:20:
gopher:x:30:
video:x:39:
dip:x:40:
ftp:x:50:
lock:x:54:
audio:x:63:
nobody:x:99:
users:x:100:
floppy:x:19:
vcsa:x:69:
utmp:x:22:
utempter:x:35:
cdrom:x:11:
tape:x:33:
dialout:x:18:
saslauth:x:76:
postdrop:x:90:
postfix:x:89:
fuse:x:499:
sshd:x:74:
israel:x:500:
edwin:x:501:
cristian:x:502:
Luis:x:503:
Rodrigo:x:504:
Jose:x:505:
rodrigo:x:506:
jose:x:507:
usuarios:x:5001:israel,edwin,rodrigo,cristian,jose,luis
clientes:x:5002:cliente1,cliente2,cliente3,jose
proveedores:x:5003:proveedor1,proveedor2,proveedor3,jose
directores:x:5004:jose
admin:x:508:
proveedor1:x:509:
proveedor2:x:510:
proveedor3:x:511:
cliente1:x:512:
cliente2:x:513:
cliente3:x:514:
luis:x:515:
[root@caguate ~]#
[root@caguate ~]# # Crear de Directorios con permisos de grupos
[root@caguate ~]# mkdir -p /datos/publico /datos/clientes /datos/proveedores
[root@caguate ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg documentos install.log install.log.syslog paquetes respaldos usuarios videos
[root@caguate ~]# ls -lt /
total 94
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 feb 28 11:26 datos
drwxr-xr-x. 61 root root 4096 feb 28 11:13 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 4096 feb 28 11:07 home
drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 4096 feb 28 10:36 tmp
dr-xr-x---. 8 root root 4096 feb 28 09:40 root
drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 3600 feb 28 08:33 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 0 feb 28 08:32 selinux
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 feb 28 08:32 sys
dr-xr-xr-x. 83 root root 0 feb 28 08:32 proc
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 12288 feb 21 11:54 sbin
dr-xr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 feb 21 11:54 lib
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 1024 feb 21 10:43 boot
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 feb 21 10:42 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 17 root root 4096 feb 21 10:41 var
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 feb 21 10:41 usr
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 feb 21 10:41 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 sep 23 2011 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 sep 23 2011 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 sep 23 2011 opt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 sep 23 2011 srv
root@caguate ~]# ls -ld /datos/
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 feb 28 11:26 /datos/
[root@caguate ~]# ls -ld /datos/*
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 feb 28 11:26 /datos/clientes
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 feb 28 11:26 /datos/proveedores
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 feb 28 11:26 /datos/public
saber cuanta memoria y uso del cpu
[root@caguate ~]# more /proc/meminfo
[root@caguate ~]# more /proc/cpuinfo
drwxr-xr-x.
d directorio r lectura w escritura
Mas parámetros
[root@caguate ~]# ls -lt /dev/ | more
[root@caguate ~]# ls -lt /datos/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 feb 28 11:26 clientes
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 feb 28 11:26 proveedores
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 feb 28 11:26 publico
[root@caguate ~]# chown -R admin /datos/clientes/
[root@caguate ~]# chown -R admin.clientes /datos/clientes/
[root@caguate ~]# chown -R admin.clientes /datos/proveedores/
[root@caguate ~]# chown -R admin.proveedores /datos/proveedores/
[root@caguate ~]# chown -R admin.usuarios /datos/publico/
[root@caguate ~]# ls -lt
total 40
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 feb 28 09:46 respaldos
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 feb 28 09:39 videos
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 feb 28 09:38 documentos
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 feb 28 09:38 usuarios
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 feb 28 09:38 paquetes
-rw-------. 1 root root 1375 feb 21 10:44 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8823 feb 21 10:44 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3384 feb 21 10:43 install.log.syslog
[root@caguate ~]# ls -lt /datos
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 2 admin clientes 4096 feb 28 11:26 clientes
drwxr-xr-x. 2 admin proveedores 4096 feb 28 11:26 proveedores
drwxr-xr-x. 2 admin usuarios 4096 feb 28 11:26 publico
[root@caguate ~]# r (read) 4, w (write) 2, x, (execute) 1
-bash: error sintáctico cerca del elemento inesperado `read'
[root@caguate ~]# # r 4, w 2, x 1,rwx 4+2+1
[root@caguate ~]# # r-x 4+0+1
[root@caguate ~]# # r-- 4+0+0
[root@caguate ~]# #rwx = 7 , r-x = 5, --x = 1, --- = 0
[root@caguate ~]# chmod -R 0770 /datos/clientes/
[root@caguate ~]# chmod -R 0770 /datos/proveedores/
[root@caguate ~]# chmod -R 0775 /datos/publico/
[root@caguate ~]# ls -lt /datos/
total 12
drwxrwx---. 2 admin clientes 4096 feb 28 11:26 clientes
drwxrwx---. 2 admin proveedores 4096 feb 28 11:26 proveedores
drwxrwxr-x. 2 admin usuarios 4096 feb 28 11:26 publico