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Petrology of sedimentery rocks
G421P13, summer semester, 2/1 hours
weekly, 3rd 4th year
Karel Martnek
Institute of Geology and Palaeontology
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syllabusLectures
1. Siliciclastic sediments granulometric analysis, provenance and geotectonic position
modal composition, heavy minerals classification see 1st year course Introduction to petrology of
sedimentary rocks
sedimentary environments and facies - see course Sedimentary
geology (2nd year) diagenesis: compaction, porosity, authigenesis, cement types,diagenetic environments
2. Carbonates I.
mineralogy, specific sedimentary structures, grain types (Folk1962), structural classification (Dunham 1962), sedimentaryenvironments
3. Carbonates II.
dolomitization, dedolomitization, porosity changes, early vs. latediagenesis, cement types, diagenetic environments
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4. Evaporites, cherts, ferolites, black shales, coal,
oil, glauconite, phosphates
5. Cyclicity in sedimentary record, Milankoviorbital cycles, palaeoclimatology
6. Paleosols (humid, semiarid, arid; calcretes,silcretes, dolocretes); Geochemistry of
sedimentary rocks (stable isotopes, trace
elements, chemostratigraphy,eventstratigraphy, paleoenvironmental
changes; cathode luminiscence .....)
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practicals
fieldwork facies analysis (measured section ofcarbonate or siliciclastic section), day
microscopy lab of samples from studied section, 2x day
course work
facies analysis (2-3 pages report) of studied section
____________________________________________
requirements to pass the course: oral presentation ofscientific paper, fieldwork + microscopy protocols +course work report
exam: test quiz (30 mins) + essay (1-2 hours)
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1. Siliciclastics
primary structures and composition
grainsize and granulometry, sorting, skewness -quantitative methods, image analysis,
sediment dispersal pathways
classification see 1st year introductory course;
arenite, ortho- , paraconglomerate
sedimentary structures see 1st yearintroductory course and course Sedimentary
geology 2nd year
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phi = -log2
D
phi: D [mm]:
0.25 2
0.5 1
1 0.52 0.25
3 0.125
4 0.067
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grain size sorting
vs.
mineralogical sorting(mineralogical maturity)
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grain shapes
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microstructures
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provenance analysis
modal composition - climate, geotectonic position,unroofing history; heavy mineral association vs.accesoric minerals of source rocks: influence of
climate, hydrodynamics and associatedprocesses
methods:
detailed mineralogy/chemistry of heavy minerals(garnets, turmalines, pyroxens)
zircon geochronology, apatite fission-track
analysis thermal/tectonosedimentary history claystone provenance trace minerals,
geochronology
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total monocrystalline
L+Qpolycryst.
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b, d oc. basalt
a, d, e, f volc. arc basaltc, d, f, g within-plate alkali basalts
d, e within-plate tholeiites
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diagenesis
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diagenesis geothermal gradient, thermal models
porosity, permeability
pressure solution, secondary porosity compaction
cements - quartz (syntaxial overgrowths, ..),
carbonate, authigenic feldspars (overgrowths),
clay minerals, zeolites, haematite, barite
diagenetic environments clay mineral crystalinity
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the effect of intra-plate
stresses onfluid flow in
sedimentary basins
van Baten&Cloeting 1994
Reading:
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M.E.Tucker: Sedimentary petrology. 3rd ed.Blackwell, 2001, 2003.
Prothero: Interpreting stratigraphic record, 1990.
Pettijohn F.J., Potter P.E. a Siever R. (1987):Sand and Sandstone. Springer-Verlag, NewYork, 553 pp.
Chamley H. (1989): Clay Sedimentology.Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 623 pp.
Potter P.E., Maynard J.B. a Pryor W.A. (1980):
Sedimentology of Shale. Springer-Verlag, Berlin,270 pp.