iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

qarTveluri enaTmecniereba

nino bagration-daviTaSvili

@”subieqturi da obieqturi piris niSnebi da pirTa kombinaciebi qarTul zmnaSi”

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis filologiis doqtoris (PH.D.) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad wardgenili

d i s e r t a c i a

samecniero xelmZRvanelebi: filologiis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, prof.: T. uTurgaiZe

sr. prof.: d. meliqiSvili

Tbilisi

2008

avtoris stili daculia

2

1. Sesavali ........................................................................................................................

2. Tavi I. pirmimarTi da pirmiumarTavi aqtantebi zmnis

pirianoba da valentoba ..................................................................................

3. Tavi II. subieqturi piris niSnebi ..........................................................

4. Tavi III. obieqturi piris niSnebi ..........................................................

5. Tavi IV. subieqturi da obieqturi piris niSnebi dia-

leqtebSi ..........................................................................................................................

6. Tavi V. erTpiriani zmnebi Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi ....

7. Tavi VI. orpiriani gardauvali zmnebis pirTa kombina-

ciebi Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi ...........................................................

8. Tavi VII. orpiriani gardamavali zmnebis pirTa kombi-

naciebi Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi ......................................................

9. Tavi VIII. sampiriani zmnebis pirTa kombinaciebi Zvelsa

da axal qarTulSi ................................................................................................

10. daskvnebi ...........................................................................................................................

3

6

9

39

71

152

156

173

180

191

3

Sesavali

cnobilia, rom ena cvalebadia, saxes icvlis Zveli formebi an saerTod

qreba da Cndeba axali. qarTuli ena aglutinaciuri tipisaa, e.i. yovel

gramatikul kategorias garkveuli morfema gamoxatavs. am mxriv yvelaze

sainteresoa zmna, romelsac erTdroulad ramdenime morfologiuri

kategoria moepoveba. es gramatikuli kategoriebi gamoxatulia

morfemebiT da Sesabamisad, zmnis forma iSleba Semadgenel elementebad.

amasTanave isic unda aRiniSnos, rom gvaqvs fleqsiuri enis movlenebic,

ris gamoc zogjer rTuldeba zmnis formis analizi. erTi da igive

gramatikuli kategoria ramdenime morfemiT gamoixateba an, piriqiT,

ramdenime gramatikuli kategoria gamoixateba erTi morfemiT. viRebT

mravalferovnebas, romelic sxvadasxvagvar axsnas moiTxovs.

qarTuli zmnis mravalpirianoba gansazRvravs zmnis formaSi rogorc

subieqturi, aseve obieqturi aqtantebis markirebas, romelic mudmiv

cvalebadobaSia da es procesi dResac mimdinareobs.

naSromis mizania, Seiswavlos zmnis formaSi subieqturi da obieqturi

aqtantebis gamoxatvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi da piris niSanTa

cvlilebebi dinamikaSi Zveli qarTulidan dRemde. SeZlebisdagvarad

gamoavlinos is faqtorebi, romlebic iwveven piris niSanTa saxecvlas.

warmodgenilia masala Zveli qarTulisa da saSualis teqstebidan, aseve

Tanamedrove saliteraturo enidan da dialeqtebidan. gaanalizebulia

pirTa kombinaciebis TiTqmis yvela SemTxveva, nulovani alomorfebiT

warmodgenilia pirisa da ricxvis niSnebi, romlebic morfologiurad

mosalodnelia zmnaSi, magram dakargulia sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo.

SevecadeT agvexsna, ra iwvevda da ra iwvevs subieqtur_obieqturi

aqtantebis gamomxatvel morfemaTa saxecvlas an dakargvas da ra

cvlilebebia mosalodneli uaxloes momavalSi.

qarTulSi zmnis uRleba, upirveles yovlisa, gulisxmobs formis cvlas

pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT. pirTa cvla prefiqsaciis principzea

damyarebuli garda mesame subieqturi pirisa, romelic, rogorc viciT,

sufiqsuri morfemebiTaa gamoxatuli rogorc mxolobiT, aseve

4

mravlobiT ricxvSi. rac Seexeba mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTi

ricxvis niSans, igi pirsa da ricxvs erTdroulad aRniSnavs, xolo

subieturi da obieqturi pirebis ricxvis gamoxatva sufiqsaciis princips

eyrdnoba. Aam saerTo wesidan gamonaklisia obieqturi pirveli piric,

romelic prefiqsia da gamoxatavs pirsa da ricxvs erTdroulad.

pirisa da ricxvis niSnebTan dakavSirebiT saenaTmecniero literaturaSi

mravali kiTxva daismis: ratom aris warmodgenili mesame subieqturi

piris niSnebi ramdenime morfemiT, ratom aris mesame subieqturi piris

niSnebi sufiqsebi da yvela danarCeni prefiqsebi, ratom aRniSnavs mesame

subieqturi piris niSani pirsa da ricxvs erTdroulad, ram ganapiroba

meore subieqturi piris niSnis aucilebeli xmareba Zvel qarTulSi,

romelic TandaTanobiT dasustda da dRes saerTod nulovani

alomorfiT Seicvala, hqondaT Tu ara pirdapir da irib obieqtur pirebs

erTnairi niSnebi samive pirSi, ratom gamoxatavs pirveli obieqturi

piris niSani pirsa da ricxvs erTdroulad, rogor iyo gamoxatuli

subieqturi da obieqturi aqtantebis mravlobiToba zmnis formaSi Zvelsa

da axal qarTulSi?

naSromSi warmodgenilia yvela is mosazreba, romelic gamoTqmulia

aRniSnul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. maTi gaTvaliswinebiTa da enobrivi

masalis gaanalizebiT miviReT garkveuli daskvnebi.

mocemulia pirTa kombinaciebi Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi (orpiriani

gardauval-gardamavali zmnebis, sampirianebisa da erTpiriani zmnebis

uRleba erTi mwkrivis farglebSi).

pirTa kombinaciebis dros gaviTvaliswineT rangTa Teoria. T. uTurgaiZis

azriT, pirTa dayofa subieqt-obieqtebad (pirdapiri da iribi) niSnavs

TiToeulis warmodgenas damoukidebel kategoriebad. `subieqti, rogorc

kategoria, sruliad gansxvavebulia obieqtisagan: qarTul enaSi subieqti

zmnuri qmedebis iniciatoria, rac SeuZlebelia obieqtisaTvis; pirdapiri

obieqti paciensia, igi SeiZleba iyos paciens-eqsekutori, magram ver

iqneba iniciatori. Eeqsekutori SeiZleba iyos iribi obieqtic, magram igi

ver iqneba verc iniciatori da verc paciensi. iribi obieqti benefaqtiuri

5

(resp. malefaqtiuri) piria funqciuri variaciebiT.… aqtantTSoris

sistemaSi arsebiTia aqtantTa zmnur qmedebaSi monawileobis xasiaTi:

qmedebis iniciatoroba, qmedebis paciensoba, benefaqtivis roli qmedebaSi.

xolo erTi da imave aqtantis saubarSi monawileobis rolis mixedviT

ganisazRvreba I, II, III piri, anu S1, S2, S3 an O1, O2, O3. es aris

kategoriaTSorisi sistema. I, II, III pirebi identuri qceviT xasiaTdebian

kategoriaTSorisi sistemis farglebSi (T. uTurgaiZe, 20002; 12-13).

aqedan gamomdinare, rangTa sistemaSi rogorc subieqts, aseve obieqtebs

Tav-Tavisi rangi unda hqondes da warmodgenili unda iyos saTanado

niSnebiT. am TvalsazrisiT ganvixileT pirTa kombinaciebi rogorc Zvel,

aseve axal qarTulSi da nulovani alomorfebiT aRvniSneT yvela is

piris niSani, romelic morfologiurad zmnaSi warmodgenili unda iyos

materialurad, magram ar aris. mizezi sxvadasxvaa. SevecadeT,

SeZlebisdagvarad gagverkvia TiToeuli SemTxveva. rogorc cnobilia,

zmnis formaSi gamovlenili piris niSanTa raodenoba ar aRemateba ors.

amdenad, sampirian zmnebSi, erTi piri aucileblad nulovani alomorfiT

gamoixateba. amasTanave gvaqvs uamravi iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac orpirian

an sampirian zmnebSi arcerTi piris niSani ar aris gamovlenili

materialurad, an mxolod erTia warmodgenili. xSiria iseTi erTpiriani

zmnebic, romlebSic piris niSani ar aris dafiqsirebuli. yvela aseTi

SemTxveva nulovani alomorfebiT aRvniSneT da gavaanalizeT, ra iyo

nulovani alomorfis arsebobis mizezi.

pirTa kombinaciebis dros, rogorc cnobilia, zogierTi forma erTmaneTs

emTxveva gamoxatulebis planSi, magram gramatikulad isini sruliad

sxvadasxvaa. amitom maTgan erT-erTis arCeva da danarCenis ugulebelyofa

gaumarTlebelia. maT, rogorc enobriv niSnebs, sistemaSi gansxvavebuli

Rirebuleba aqvT.

6

Tavi I

pirmimarTi da pirmiumarTavi aqtantebi zmnis

pirianoba da valentoba

zmna qarTul enaSi rTuli metyvelebis nawilia. igi aris moqmedebis

aRmniSvneli formacvalebadi sityva, romelsac erTdroulad ramdenime

morfologiuri kategoria moepoveba (a. SaniZe,1973: 163).

qarTuli zmnis sirTule da Tavisebureba aseve mdgomareobs mis

mravalpirianobaSi: subieqturi piris garda, masSi warmodgenilia

obieqturi pirebic.

zmnis pirianobis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT samecniero literaturaSi

sxvadasxvagvari Tvalsazrisi arsebobs.

a. SaniZe wers: ,,qarTuli zmnis erTsa da imave formaSi SeiZleba

gamoxatul iqnes erTi, ori an sami piri. imis gamorkvevisaTvis, Tu

ramdeni piria gamoxatuli erT formaSi, SemTxvevaTa didisagan dids

umravlesobaSi es xerxi gvSvelis: zmnas unda SevuwyoT piris

nacvalsaxelebi: me, Sen, igi, man, mas, Cven, Tqven, igini, maT da ramdensac

moixdens amaTgan esa Tu is forma, piric imdeni iqneba Sig. amasTanave

erTad unda gvaxsovdes, rom am nacvalsaxelTagan isini, romlebTanac

sazogadod Tandebulis darTva SeiZleba (aseTebia: Cven, Sen, Tqven, mas,

maT), am SemTxvevaSi sufTad unda iyvnen warmodgenili, e.i. araviTari

Tandebuli (-Si, -ze, -Tan, -Tvis da sxv.) ar unda axldes“(iqve: 171).

avtori ganagrZobs, agebulebis mixedviT qarTuli zmnis forma orgvaria:

absoluturi (anu miumarTavi) da relatiuri (anu mimarTebiTi).

absoluturi agebulebisaa forma, roca masSi martooden erTi piria

gamoxatuli. es piri, Cveulebriv, subieqtia, magaliTad: vdgebi (me), varT

(Cven), wvebi (Sen), imalebiT (Tqven), curavs (is), midian (isini) da misT.

relatiuri agebulebisaa forma, roca masSi ori an sami piria

gamoxatuli; amaTgan: orpirian zmnaSi erTi piri subieqtisaa, meore ki _

7

obieqtisa, magaliTad: davwer (me mas), daxatav (Sen mas), aaSenebs (is mas),

gnaxav (me Sen), miRalate (Sen me), damekarga (is me), SevkereT (Cven is),

moqsoveT (Tqven is), wvaven (isini mas) da misT.

sampirian zmnaSi erTi piri subieqtisaa, ori ki _ obieqtisa (pirdapirisa

da iribis), magaliTad: davuwere (me mas is), miutane (Sen mas is), misces

(maT mas is) da misT.

rogorc vxedavT, subieqturi piri sazogadod yovelgvar formaSia

nagulisxmevi, obieqturi ki _ mxolod maSin, Tu formaSi ori an sami

piria gamoyvanili (a. SaniZe,1973: 172).

arn. Ciqobava aRniSnavs, rom qarTuli zmna, evropulisagan

gansxvavebiT, SeiZleba aRniSnavdes rogorc subieqtis pirs, aseve

obieqtis (pirdapirisa da iribis) pirebsac. Sesabamisad zmna iqneba

erTpiriani, orpiriani an sampiriani. (arn. Ciqobava,1950: 053_055).

Tanamedrove enaTmecnierebaSi zmnis pirianobis gverdiT ganixileba

valentobis sakiTxic.

T. gamyreliZe aRniSnavs: ,,zmnuri formis unars, Seiwyos winadadebis

birTvSi subieqtur-obieqtur mimarTebaTa gamomxatveli saxelebis (resp-

nacvalsaxelTa), anu ,,aqtantebis~ gansazRvruli raodenoba, SeiZleba

zmnis ,,valentoba~ ewodos. maSasadame, mocemuli zmnuri formis

,,sintaqsuri valentoba~ ganisazRvreba winadadebis birTvSi Tavisufal

ujredTa raodenobiT. amis mixedviT zmna SeiZleba iyos nulvalentiani,

anu uaqtanto (Tovs, wvims), erTvalentiani (wevs, zis), orvalentiani

(klavs), samvalentiani (swers) da a.S.~ (T. gamyreliZe, 2000: 136).

avtoris azriT, `ar unda avurioT erTmaneTSi zmnis `sintaqsuri

valentoba~, anu zmnuri formis unari, Seiwyos winadadebis birTvSi

subieqt-obieqtur mimarTebaTa gamomxatveli saxelebis (resp. nacvalsa-

xelTa), anu `aqtantebis~ garkveuli raodenoba da zmnis `pirianoba,~ anu

zmnur formaSi am saxelTa (resp. nacvalsaxelTa) piris gamomxatveli

morfologiuri niSnis warmodgena~ (iqve: 141).

8

qarTuli zmna valentobis TvalsazrisiT nulidan oTxamde (0...4)

diapazonSi moTavsdeba. qarTuli zmna subieqtur-obieqturi wyobisaa.

`pirianobis TvalsazrisiT, is SeiZleba daxasiaTdes rogorc erTpiriani

(,,monopersonaluri~), an garkveul SemTxvevaSi _ orpiriani

(`bipersonaluri~) struqtura~ (iqve: 136).

zmnis pirisa da pirianobis sakiTxis gansazRvrisas T. uTurgaiZe

aucileblad miiCnevs, erTmaneTisagan gaimijnos piris kategoria da

pirTa dayofa subieqtad da obieqtebad. eseni erTmaneTisagan

damoukidebuli kategoriebia. misi azriT, unda ganirCes kategoriis

elementTa mimarTebis ori saxeoba: 1. elementTa mimarTeba calke

kategoriis mikrosistemaSi da 2. elementTa mimarTeba kategoriaTSoris

sistemaSi. kategoriis Sida sistemaSi arsebiTia erTi da imave aqtantis

roli saubarSi monawileobis mixedviT (S1, S2, S3 an O1, O2, O3), aqtantTSoris

sistemaSi ki arsebiTia aqtantTa TviT qmedebaSi monawileobis xasiaTi (T.

uTurgaiZe, 2002: 10_13).

kategoriaTSoris sistemaSi aqtantebs avtori uwodebs pirmimarT da

pirmiumarTav aqtantebs imis mixedviT, maT zmnaSi sakuTari niSnebi aqvT

Tu ara. pirmimarTi aqtantebis jgufi (S, Od, Oind), pirmiumarTavTagan

gansxvavebiT, zmnaSi markirebulia. misi azriT, pirmimarT aqtantTa

pirmiumarTavTagan gamijvna pirobiTia _ damokidebulia zmnur katego-

riaTa kombinaciaze, romelic iqmneba konkretul formaSi (iqve: 16).

rangTa sistemaSi subieqtsa da obieqtebs Tav-Tavisi rangi aqvT,

Sesabamisad saTanado niSnebiT gamoxatuli: subieqturi piri zmnis

formaSi subieqturi piris niSnebiTaa gadmocemuli, xolo obieqturi

pirebi ki _ obieqturi piris niSnebiT. ganvixiloT TiToeuli cal-calke.

subieqturi piris niSnebi zmnas TavSic moudis da boloSic. rogorc

Zvel, aseve axal qarTulSi I da II piris niSnebi TavsarTebia, III piris

niSnebi ki _ bolosarTebi.

9

Tavi II

subieqturi piris niSnebi

pirveli subieqturi piris niSnebi

pirvel subieqtur pirs mxolobiT ricxvSi, rogorc cnobilia, erTi

niSani aqvs. es aris prefiqsuli morfema {v-}, romlis poziciuri

variantebia /v-/~/…-/~/Ø-/ Zvel qarTulSi, /v-/~/Ø-/ _ Tanamedrove qarTulSi.

rac Seexeba mravlobiT ricxvs, zmnis formaSi araferi icvleba, mxolod

mravlobiTobis gamomxatveli -T sufiqsi emateba.

Zvel ZeglebSi pirveli subieqturi piris niSani /v-/ gvxvdeba Tanxmovnebis

win, xmovanTagan ki _ a, i, e-s win. magaliTad: v-zrdi, v-wer, v-xatav, v-

ambob, v-aqeb, v-ici, v-emalebi, v-eubnebi, aseve zmniswinian formebTan: da-v-

wer, da-v-xatav, Se-v-aqeb, gada-v-iwer, da-v-emalebi.

… gvxdeba Zvel qarTulSi xanmet da haemet ZeglebSi, rodesac gvaqvs III

obieqturi piris niSani x- (xanmetSi) an h- (haemetSi). am poziciaSi piris

niSanTa rigi fonetikuri mizeziT Sebrunebulia _ jer obieqturi piris

niSania warmodgenili, Semdeg _ subieqturi. rogorc a. SaniZe aRniSnavs:

`v qarTulSi metad moZravi bgeraa, rimelic SeiZleba gadaisv-gadmoisvas

sxvadasxva fonetikur garemoebaSi. amgvar SemTxvevebSi v-ini jer adgils

icvlis, xolo Semdeg is v-ini ukve umarcvlo u-d iqceva. magaliTebi: x-u-

kiTxe < v-x-kiTxe, Se-x-u-Zine, x-u-aCvene, x-u-etyode~ (a. SaniZe,1976: 5).

v-x (S1O3) Tanamimdevrobis Secvla x-u (x-…) TanamimdevrobiT

morfonologiuri gardaqmnis Sedegia: fonematuri wesiT /v-/ ar uZRvis

Cqamier Tanxmovnebs erTi morfemis farglebSi (gamonaklisebi umniSvne-

loa) da Sebrunebuli rigi _ Cqamieri Tanxmovani + /v-/ _ Cveulebrivi da

gavrcelebuli kombinaciaa. fonematuri modelis zemoqmedebiT

morfologiuri {v-x-} Tanamimdevroba gadaiqca /xv-/ Tanamimdevrobad.

cvlileba amis Semdegac xdeba: Zvel qarTulSi /v/-s alofonebia [v] da […].

Cqamier TanxmovanTa momdevnod, rogorc wesi, Zvel qarTulSi […]

varianti gvxvdeba erTi morfemis farglebSi, maT Soris /x/-s momdev-

10

nodac: sxua, xaxu, xueta, xuewa da sxv. (v.Tofuria, 2002: 7). am wesidan

erTaderTi gamonaklisi /x/-s momdevnod /v/-s xmarebisa aris xvale

(mosalodneli xuale-s nacvlad). savaraudebelia, am gamonaklisis saxiT

saqme gvqondes nasesxeb sityvasTan; Sdr.: xuati, xuarbali, xuastagi,

sadac fonemaTa igive /xva/ ⎡xua⎤ Tanamimdevroba gvaqvs, rac xvale sityvis

dasawyisSia, yvelgan /xv/ fonetikurad ⎡xu⎤ variants iZleva; sonori /l/-s

gavlena am fonetikur gardaqmnaSi gamoricxulia (Sdr.: xuarbali,

xurinva, feSxuemi _ momdevno sonorebi r da m gavlenas ver axdenen /x/-s

momdevno /v/ fonemis ⎡u⎤ variantze).

sayuradReboa aRumarTe formac (`me, TaTvaraz, aRumarTe ese jvari, ist.

qr. I, 15), sadac piris niSani {v-} uSualod zmniswins mosdevs. aqac,

msgavsad zemoT ganxiluli cvlilebisa (xv>xu), v>u poziciurad aris

Sepirobebuli Cqamieri /R/-s momdevnod.

mag.: me TiTiTa RmrTisaÁTa gan-xuasxam eSmakTa (l. 11. 20).

xolo me ara xu-eZieb didebasa Cemsa (i.8. 50).

Cuen mi-xutevebT TanamdebTa maT (m. 6. 12).

Cuen xuayenebdiT mas (l. 9. 40).

Cuen yoveli daxuteveT (m. 19. 27).

Cuen xuarwmunoT (m. 28. 14).

Tu umarcvlo u-s mosdevs i xmovani (vnebiTis an saTaviso qcevis niSani),

xdeba maTi Serwyma da viRebT � (u+i=Â) difTongs. am SemTxvevaSi,

rogorc i. imnaiSvili aRniSnavs, � ar aris marto pirveli subieqturi

piris niSani, masSi Sesulia gvaris an qcevis niSani i-c. aq �Â-s piris

niSnad mxolod pirobiTad vTvliT (iv. imnaiSvili, v. imnaiSvili,1996: 23).

� ar SeiZleba piris niSnad CaiTvalos arc pirobiT da arc upirobod.

morfologiuri analizis dros Â� unda Caiweros /…i/-s saxiT.

magaliTad, xÂyav morfologiur analizSi ase warmodgeba: x-…-i-yav, sadac

pirveli subieqturi piris niSani aris …-. aseve TagÂ� morfologiur

analizSi Caiwereba Tagu-i saxiT.

11

� Â Zvel qarTulSi bifonemuri niSania, igi erTdroulad or fonemas

gamoxatavs /v/-sa da /i/-s, ufro zustad, /v/ fonemis ⎡u⎤ da /i/ fonemis ⎡i⎤

variantebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi � ar ganixileba erT elementad arc

fonologiaSi da arc morfologiaSi. analizis dros igi unda

ganvixiloT …-i SemadgenelTa mixedviT. magaliTad:

me hÂcode r~ maradis ismini Cemi da erisa amisTÂs... (haemeti teqstebi, 387).

r~i me saTno hÂyav magisi (6r12, haemeti teqstebi).

aRsaniSnavia, rom Zvel qarTulSi � niSani zogjer mxolod /v/ fonemas

gamoxatavs, ufro zustad _ /v/ fonemis ⎡…⎤ alofons, aseT SemTxvevaSi

analizi xdeba mxolod Tanxmovani fonemisa, /i/-ze msjeloba aq gamo-

ricxulia.

axla ganvixiloT subieqturi pirveli piris ∅ alomorfis SemTxvevebi

Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi.

orpirian zmnaSi, roca erTad aris mocemuli pirveli subieqturi da

meore obieqturi pirebi, maSin nulovani alomorfiT aris

warmodgenili subieqtis pirveli piri: g-zrdi (me Sen), g-awuxeb

(me Sen), g-exmarebi (me Sen). unda yofiliyo: v-g-zrdi, v-g-awuxeb, v-g-

exmarebi. aseTi ram arc axal da arc Zvel qarTulSi ar gvxvdeba (arn.

Ciqobava, 1950: 054).

rac Seexeba mravlobiT ricxvs, zmnis formas emateba mravlobiTobis

gamomxatveli -T sufiqsi, sxva yvelaferi ki igive rCeba (ivaraudeba

obieqti mxolobiT ricxvSi). a.SaniZis azriT, SeiZleba zmnis formaSi ar

iyos gamoxatuli materialurad romelime piri, magram misi arseboba

pirTa kombinaciaSi uTuod igulisxmeba (a. SaniZe,1973: 194).

magaliTad:

gzrdi-T (Cven Sen), glocav-T (Cven Sen),

gkiTxav-T (Cven Sen mas), gexmarebi-T (Cven Sen),

gpatronob-T (Cven Sen), gawuxeb-T (Cven Sen) da a.S.

12

`v~ ikargeba agreTve val/ved/vid zmnis win ugamonaklisod. mosalodneli

iyo mo-v-vedi, mo-v-val, magram gvaqvs mo-vedi, mo-val, mo-vide. cnobilia,

rom aRniSnul zmnebSi /v/ daikarga imitom, rom II piris formebSi

Semonaxulia piris niSani /x-/ da pirveli da meore piris formebi /v-/-s

gareSec erTmaneTisagan mkafiod aris garCeuli: movedi ~ moxvedi, moval

~ moxval, movide ~ moxvide. rac Seexeba v-iniT dawyebul sxva fuZeebs,

Zvel qarTulSi v- zogjer piris niSnad ar ixmareboda (vardebi, davardi).

Tanamedrove qarTulSi amgvar zmnebSi /v-/-s warmoCena markirebis

aucileblobiT aris ganpirobebuli: vvarjiSob, vvardebi... Cveulebriv,

metyvelebaSi erTi v gamoiTqmis, magram ori iwereba.

o-sa da u-s win Zvel qarTulSi, Cveulebriv, v- arc iwereboda da, unda

vivaraudoT, arc gamoiTqmoda. mag.:

daobldiT maTgan da ara guaqus, Tu visa warvideT (m. cx. 87l).

uflisa mosvlaÁ karTa zeda guadges, da Cven orgulebT (sak. w, II, 52, 28).

Seorguldi me da aTni igi Cem Tana (ist. qr. I, 234,15).

rac Seexeba pirveli subieqturi piris ∅ alomorfs u-s win, aseTi

SemTxvevebi bevria. u aris sasxviso qcevis niSani, romelic piris niSansa

da fuZes Soris aris warmoCenili. aseT SemTxvevaSi /v-/ ar dasturdeba:

uTxar, dauwere, uCvene, mouwode, ganutexe, miuteve da sxv.

gansxvavebuli suraTia am mxriv IX s-is Semdegdroindel teqstebSi,

sadac I da II piris formebi erTmaneTs emTxveva. radganac meore

subieqturi piris niSani xmovnebis wina poziciaSi nulovani alomor-

fiTaa warmodgenili. magaliTad: me|Sen uTxari, me|Sen dauwere, me|Sen

uCuene, me|Sen mouwode da sxva. maTi gansxvaveba konteqstis saSualebiT

xerxdeba.

axal qarTulSi u xmovnis win /v-/-s warmoCena aucilebelia, raTa ar

iqnes areuli pirveli da meore piris formebi. es aucilebloba

Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis normiTac aris daculi. maga-

liTad: v-uTxari, v-uwer, v-uambob v-uxatav da sxv. vfiqrobT, eseni

xelovnurad Seqmnili formebia.

13

meore subieqturi piris niSnebi

axla warmovadgenT meore subieqtur pirs da mis niSnebs. aq cal-calke

ganvixilavT rogorc xanmet, haemet, sannarev formebs, aseve Tanamedrove

qarTulisasac.

xanmet ZeglebSi meore subieqturi piris niSnad gvaqvs /x-/ zmnis yvela

formaSi (garda brZanebiTisa), _ es iqneba xmovniT YTu TanxmovniT

dawyebuli: x-tir, x_wer, x-ici, x-aqe...

mravlobiTSi mxolod mravlobiTis mawarmoebeli -T sufiqsi emateba da

zmnis formaSi araferi icvleba: x-tir-T, x-wer-T, x-ici-T, x-aqe-T...

meore subieqturi piris niSani /x-/ xanmeti periodidan gadmonaSTis saxiT

dRes mxolod or zmnaSi SemogvrCa: x-ar da mo-x-val, mo-x-vedi, mi-x-vide.

haemet ZeglebSi xanmetobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli meore subieqturi piris

niSani /x-/ Sesabamisad yvelgan /h-/-d Seicvala (garda xar, moxval,

moxvedi, moxvide formebisa): h-tir, h-wer, h-ici, h-aqe... igive SegviZlia

vTqvaT mravlobiTis formebzec, isini aqac mxolobiTis formebisagan

gansxvavdebian mxolod mravlobiTobis mawarmoebeli -T sufiqsiT: h-tir-

T, h-wer-T, h-ici-T, h-aqe-T.

gansxvavebuli suraTia warmodgenili IX s-is ZeglebSi, sadac h- prefiqsi

meore subieqturi piris niSnad sxvadasxva poziciaSi sxvadasxva

alomorfs gviCvenebs. kerZod, a. SaniZe aRniSnavs: ` subieqturi meore

piris niSani ,,h~ momdevno bgeris gavleniT SeiZleba Seicvalos: 1.

xmovnebis win S2 h ikargeba srulad; 2. cxra Tanxmovnis win, Tu zmnis

fuZe kbilismieri (t d T) da nunismieri (w Z c W j C) bgerebiT iwyeba,

maSin h iqceva s-d. magaliTebi: s-tir, s-dga, da-s-wero, gan-s-Zlierdi,

s-can, s-Wame, s-Can; 3. SiSina bgerebis win s- xSirad S-d aris qceuli:

S-Wame, da-S-jed, S-Can; 4. xSiria haes dakargva zogierTi Tanxmovnis winac,

rogoricaa spirantebi: z, s, J, S, R, x. nu zrunavT (m. 6, 25), nu hzrunavT

14

(m. 6, 34), raÁ SeWamoT da raÁ hsuaT (l. 12, 29), SWamoT da raÁ suaT (m. 6,

25E)~ (a. SaniZe, 1976: 61).

/h/ qarTulSi sazogadod susti bgeraa, igi advilad egueba momdevno

bgeris gamoTqmas (a. SaniZe,1973: 187).

nulovani alomorfis sakiTxi dgeboda maSinac, rodesac subieqturi

meore piri xvdeboda obieqtis mesame pirs. aseT SemTxvevaSi ori erTnairi

niSnidan erT-erTi ikargeboda. amis Sesaxeb a.SaniZe wers: `Znelia imis

Tqma, Tu romeli ikargeba da romeli rCeba _ subieqturi Tu obieqturi.

rogorc viciT, orsave dasaxelebul pirs erTnairi niSani aqvs (h an misi

bgerinacvali) da, rodesac maT erTad unda moiyaron Tavi, erT-erTi maT-

gani daikargeba da meore darCeba. amas adgili aqvs Tanxmovnis win: mo-h-

paro (Sen mas igi), h-gavxar (Sen mas), mo-s-taco (Sen mas igi), s-Txovo (Sen

mas igi) da misT ~(a. SaniZe, 1973: 187).

avtori fiqrobs, rom h bgeris Segueba momdevno bgerasTan TandaTanobiT

xdeboda. xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac kbilismieri da nunismieri bgerebis

win, sadac s aris mosalodneli, ori aso weria, es ori asoa hs. orive

erTad rTul bgeras gamoxatavda, romliTac gadmoicemoda gardamavali

safexuris bgera haedan sanisken. aseTi movlena gansakuTrebiT xSiria

zogierT xelnawerSi, mag.: jruWis oTxTavSi (936 w); romeli hswyeve (mr.

11. 21 D), raJams hsdgeT locvasa (mr. 11, 25 D), WeSmaritad hsTqu (mr. 12, 7

D) (a.SaniZe, 1976: 61).

aqve aRniSnulia, rom sxva TanxmovnebTan h cotad Tu bevrad dResac

Senaxulia, radganac iseTi jgufebi, rogoricaa: hy, hk, hq da sxvebi,

SedarebiT advili gamosaTqmelia.

`h-s aseTi fonetikuri Taviseburebebis gamo meore piris subieqturi

niSani nair-nairia da damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra bgera unda mosdevdes

mas. amis mixedviT is iqneba: h, s an araferi. amaTgan h aris ZiriTadi saxe,

s misi bgerinacvali, xolo, roca forma uniSnoa (e.i. roca meore piris

niSnad aRaraferia), igulisxmeba, rom unda gvqondes h, romelic

dakargulia. Tu am bgeris dakargvis Sedegsac, ase vTqvaT, nuls,

15

bgerinacvlad miviCnevT pirobiT, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom II piris

subieqturi niSani aris h an misi bgerinacvali~ (a. SaniZe, 1973: 175).

arn. Ciqobavas azriT: `meore piris subieqts amJamad niSani ara aqvs,

Zvelad ki hqonda. x-ar, mi-xva-l, mo-x-vedi zmnebSi dRemde SemogvrCa

uZvelesi niSani x-, Semdeg Zvel qarTulSive x TavsarTs Seenacvla h-, ro-

melic nawilobriv axal qarTulSi (XII-XIXss.) SemogvrCa (h-kvdebi),

nawilobriv s-Ti icvala (s-cxovrob). subieqturi meore piris niSnis {h-}

morfemis variantebi dResac ixmareba mTis kiloebSi: xevsurulSi,

fSaurSi, TuSurSi~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1950: 052.)

avtori miuTiTebs im gamonaklisebze, rodesac orpirian zmnaSi subieqtis

niSani gvaklia. es xdeba maSin, rodesac meore subieqturi pirisa da

pirveli obieqturi piris niSnebi erTmaneTs xvdeba (Sen me m-zrdi, m-

awuxeb, m-exmarebi). am SemTxvevaSi meore subieqturi piris niSani ikargeba,

romelic axal qarTulSi aRar aRiniSneba, magram Zvel qarTulSi

aRiniSneboda da mainc mosalodneli h-m-zrdi, h-m-awuxeb, h-m-exmarebi arc

Zvel qarTulSi Cans (arn. Ciqobava, 1950: 054).

amrigad, Tanamedrove qarTulSi meore subieqturi piris niSans mxolod

ori zmna dairTavs, esenia: xar, xval/xvid/xved. aRniSnul zmnebSi x-

meore subieqturi piris niSnis Semonaxva, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,

aucilebeli iyo formaTa gansasxvaveblad. danarCen SemTxvevaSi

Tanamedrove saliteraturo enaSi meore subieqtur pirs ∅ (nulovani)

alomorfi aqvs. pirveli da meore piris formebi erTmaneTisgan mxolod

pirveli subieqturi piris niSniT aris garCeuli da misi xmareba

aucilebelia. es dRes saliteraturo enis normaa.

rac Seexeba mravlobiT formas, igi -T sufiqsiT iwarmoeba rogorc Zvel,

aseve Tanamedrove qarTulSic. magaliTad: Se-h-karT, gan-h-yide-T, (h)-uwyi-

T, s-tir-T, da-s-wero-T, S-Wame-T, mi-x-val-T, x-ar-T, dawer-T, daxatav-T da

sxv.

16

mesame subieqturi piris niSnebi

sanam mesame subieqturi piris niSnebze gadavalT, saWirod migvaCnia,

warmovadginoT samecniero literaturaSi arsebuli mosazrebebi piris,

rogorc gramatikuli kategoriis, gansazRvris Sesaxeb.

dionise Trakielis mixedviT, ,,piri samia: pirveli, meore, mesame. pirveli

piria, romlisganac modis sityva, meore piri _ visac sityva miemarTeba,

mesame ki _ vis Sesaxebac aris sityva~ (l. qarosaniZe, 1998: 107).

rogorc vxedavT, dionise Trakieli pirs sakomunikacio aqtSi pirTa

monawileobis mixedviT gansazRvravs.

a. SaniZe wers: `piri gramatikaSi aris zmnis forma, romelic gviCvenebs an

imas, vinc moubaria, an imas, visac moubari mimarTavs ubnobis dros, an

kidev imas, vinc arc moubaria da arc misi mimarTvis sagani, aramed sxva~

(a. SaniZe, 1973: 167).

avtori TiToeul maTgans cal-calke axasiaTebs: `zmnis forma, romliTac

moubari ubnobis momentSi Tavis Tavs aRniSnavs (sul erTia, marto iqneba

igi, Tu sxvebSi ereva), pirveli pirisad iTvleba. pirveli piris forma

yovelTvis gvaZlevs warmodgenas me an Cven sityviT aRniSnuli adamianis

an adamianTa moqmedebis Sesaxeb.

moubari rom vinmes mimarTavs da mis mimarT zmnas ixmars, romelic am

vinmes moqmedebas gadmogvcems, is zmna iqneba meore piris formiT. meore

piris forma warmodgenas gvaZlevs Sen an Tqven sityviT aRniSnul

adamianTa moqmedebis Sesaxeb.

vinc an rac moubris TvalsazrisiT arc me an Cven, arc Sen an Tqven ar

aris, iqneba igi an igini (is an isini). ukanaskneli nacvalsaxelebi zmnaTa

garkveul formebs Seewyoba. sxva formebTan ki igi-s (is-is) nacvlad

SeiZleba iyos man an mas, igini-s (isini-s) nacvlad ki _ maT. yoveli

forma zmnisa, romelic, nacvalsaxelebTan Sewyobisas iguebs erT-erTs am

17

nacvalsaxelTagans: igi, man, mas, igini (isini), maT, mesame pirisa iqneba:

wevs (igi), akeTebs (igi), daiZina (man), gaakeTa (man), sZinavs (mas), wvanan

(igini, isini), akeTeben (igini), daiZines (maT), surT (maT) da misT.

amgvarad, mesame piri aris forma zmnisa, romelic warmodgenas gvaZlevs

iseTi vinmes an iseTi ramis moqmedebis Sesaxeb, romelic (an romlebic)

arc moubaria da arc misi mimarTvis sagani, aramed sxva. moubari adamiani

ubnobis momentSi uaRresad mniSvnelovani kategoriaa zmnis struqturaSi

_ is gamosavalia pirTa gagebisaTvis: moubari, romelic iTvleba pirvel

pirad, gansazRvravs meores, orive eseni ki arkveven mesames“ (a. SaniZe,

1973: 168).

T. gamyreliZe aRniSnavs: ,,saxelTan da nacvalsaxelTan dakavSirebiT,

romlebic warmoadgenen enis semantikuri donis erTeulTa _ subieqtisa

da obieqtis _ reprezentatebs gramatikul doneze, dgeba sakiTxi piris

kategoriisa da am kategoriis gamoxatvis Sesaxeb enobriv sistemaSi“ (T

gamyreliZe, 2000: 134).

avtoris azriT, ,,piris kategoria erT-erTi universaluri semantikuri

kategoriaa, romelic sxvadasxva saxiT gamoxatulebas povebs enobriv

sistemaSi. igi uSualod gamomdinareobs enobrivi komunikaciis aqtidan

da aRniSnavs am aqtis monawileTa damokidebulebas enobrivi

komunikaciisadmi. enobrivi komunikaciis aqti gulisxmobs ,,metyvels~, anu

sametyvelo aqtis avtors, ,,msmenels~, sametyvelo aqtis adresats da

raRaca mesame odenobas, rasac Seexeba sametyvelo komunikacia, magram

rac ar iRebs masSi uSualo monawileobas rogorc ,,metyveli~ an

,,msmeneli~. Cveulebriv, es sami odenoba sametyvelo komunikaciisa

xasiaTdeba Sesabamisad rogorc pirveli, meore da mesame piri, rac

berZnuli gramatikuli tradiciidan momdinareobs: Sdr.: πρóσωπου πρωτου,

δεΰτου, τριτου. semantikurad dapirispirebul sam odenobas, sam ,,pirs~ Soris

rTuli binaruli korelaciebi arsebobs, romlebic erTmaneTs faraven,

erTi mxriv, ,,metyveli~, anu pirveli, ,,Cemeuli~ piri, ėgõ upirispirdeba

imas, rac ,,Cems~ gareSea _ korelacia subieqturisa da arasubieqturis,

xolo, meore mxriv, ,,metyveli~ da ,,msmeneli~, pirveli da meore, anu ,,Ce-

meuli~ da `Seneuli~ piri upirispirdeba imas, rac arc `metyvelia~ da

18

arc `msmeneli~ _ korelacia personalurisa da ara personaluris. piris

kategoria, rogorc universaluri semantikuri kategoria, gamoixateba

enobriv sistemaSi specifikuri nacvalsaxelebis saxiT, romlebic

ganarCeven minimum sam formas_pirveli, meore da mesame pirisa _

Sesabamisad sametyvelo komunikaciiT Sepirobebuli sami odenobisa~ (T.

gamyreliZe, 2000: 135).

T. gamyreliZe wers: `piris kategoria urTierTkavSirSia subieqtisa da

obieqtis kategoriasTan im azriT, rom es kategoriebi enis semantikur

doneze ar vlindeba cal-calke da yovelTvis erTmaneTTan kombinaciaSia

mocemuli. ar arsebobs sazogadod S subieqti an O obieqti, aramed piris

kategoriis TvalsazrisiT gansazRvruli subieqti _ S1, S2, S3 da obieqti _

O1, O2, O3, am kategoriaTa gamomxatveli odenobebi enis gramatikul

doneze _ Sesabamisad {S1},{S2},{S3} da {O1},{O2},{O3} – sakuTriv saxelebs an

nacvalsaxelebs warmoadgenen. kerZod, {S1}, {S2} da {O1}, {O2} yovelTvis

nacvalsaxelebia, xolo {S3} da {O3}, nacvalsaxelTan erTad, SesaZlebe-

lia sakuTriv saxelis saxiT iyos gamoxatuli. amgvarad, saxeli

SesaZlebelia mxolod S3 da O3 semantikur odenobebs warmogvidgendes

enis gamoxatulebis struqturaSi, maSin rodesac S1, S2 da O1, O2

semantikuri kategoriebi mxolod pirveli da meore piris nacvalsaxelTa

saxiT gamoixateba“ (iqve: 135).

e. benvenisti aRniSnavs: ,,В первых двух лицах одновременно выражается лицо и то,

что говорится об этом лице. ,,Я“ обозначает того, кто говорит, и одновременно подра-

зумевает высказывание о ,,я“ : говоря ,,я“, нельзя не говорить о себе. Во втором лице ,,ты“

по необходимости обозначается через ,,я“ и мыслится вне ситуации, предположенной от

,,я“ ; в то же время ,,я“ высказывает нечто как предикат к ,,ты“ ; В третьем лице предикат

также выражен, но вне сферы ,,я – ты“ ; эта форма, таким образом, исключена из

отношения, характеризующего ,,я“ и ,,ты“ . Исходя из этого, следует поставить под

сомнение законность определения этой формы как ,,лица“ ... ,,Третье лицо“ не есть

,,лицо“ ; это именно глагольная форма, функция которой состоит в том, чтобы выражать ,,

не-лицо“ (Е. Бенвенист, 1974: 262).

19

misi azriT, swored es aris mizezi imisa, rom garkveul enebSi III piri

zmnis formaSi nulovani alomorfiTaa warmodgenili. Tumca aRniSnavs

imasac, rom qarTulSi subieqturi wyobis zmnebs I pirSi axasiaTebs v-,

xolo II pirSi _ h- prefiqsebi, III piri ki mxolod sufiqsebiTaa

warmodgenili. swored am movlenas igi simetriisken swrafviT xsnis.

rogorc vxedavT, e. benvenisti piris gansazRvras axdens saubarSi

miCenili rolis mixedviT.

T. uTurgaiZe sainteresod miiCnevs e. benvenistis ganmartebas da

aRniSnavs, rom: ,,simetriisaken swrafva, razec e. benvenisti miuTiTebda,

ar aris SemTxveviTi, amis safuZvels qmnis aqtantTSorisi sistema, sadac

elementTa saklasifikacio niSani icvleba: III piri homogenur sistemaSia

CarTuli I da II pirebTan. Tu kategoriis Sida sistemaSi arsebiTi iyo

erTi da imave aqtantis roli saubarSi monawileobis mixedviT,

aqtantaTSoris sistemaSi arsebiTia aqtantTa TviT qmedebaSi monawi-

leobis xasiaTi: qmedebis iniciatoroba, qmedebis paciensoba da

benefaqtivis roli qmedebaSi. TiToeuli maTgani qmnis mikrosistemas

(Sidakategoriul sistemas) pirTa romelobis mixedviT dapirispirebuli

formebiT, sadac III pirs igive moeTxoveba, rac I da II pirebs, vTqvaT,

iniciatoris gamoxatva da a.S. amiT III piris meoreuloba saeWvo xdeba

qronologiurad. Cveni msjeloba rom calsaxa iyos, saWiroa termino-

logiurad erTimeorisagan ganvasxvaoT erTi da igive aqtanti gansxva-

vebul sistemaSi. am mizniT kategoriis farglebSi erTi da imave aqtantis

saubarSi gansxvavebuli monawileobis aRsaniSnavad vitovebT termin pirs.

igi SeiZleba iyos I, II an III (magaliTad: S1, S2, S3, O1d, O2

d da a.S.),

kategoriaTSoris sistemaSi monawile aqtantebs ki vuwodebT pirmimarT

da pirmiumarTav aqtantebs imis mixedviT, maT zmnaSi sakuTari niSnebi

aqvT Tu ara aqvT. es aqtantebi, rogorc zemoT vTqviT, erTimeorisagan

gansxvavdebian zmnur qmedebaSi monawileobis xasiaTiT. pirmimarTi

aqtantebia: S, Od ,Oind, maSasadame, romelime amaTgani, magaliTad, subieqti,

aqtantTSorisi sistemis elementia da sxva aqtantebs upirispirdeba

rogorc qmedebis iniciatori. igi damoukidebeli zmnuri kategoriaa,

romelic yalibdeba subieqtur pirTa SepirispirebiT ( S1~S2 an S2~S3, an

20

S1~S3 da a. S.) Mutatis mutandis O1d ~ O2

d, O2d~O3

d, O1d~O3

d da a.S... I, II, III pirebi

identuri qceviT xasiaTdebian kategoriaTSorisi sistemis farglebSi:

TiToeuli maTgani SeiZleba mogvevlinos rogorc subieqtis, ise

romelime obieqtis rolSi. swored aman Seapiroba pirTa sistemis

simetriuloba“ (T. uTurgaiZe, 2002: 13).

Cven viziarebT am mosazrebebs da vTvliT, rom zmnis forma, romelsac

miesadageba e.w. mesame piris nacvalsaxelebi, aris zmnis mesame piris

forma.

rac Seexeba, subieqtur mesame pirs, is zmnis formaSi sxvadasxva

sufiqsiT aris warmodgenili rogorc mxolobiT, aseve mravlobiT

ricxvSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs saintereso mosazrebebi,

romelsac qvemoT SevexebiT.

rogorc cnobilia, Zvel qarTulSi mesame subieqturi piris niSnebia

mxolobiTSi -s, -n, -d, -a, -o, mravlobiTSi _ -en, -an, -n, -es, -ed sufiqsebi.

amaTgan Tanamedrove enaSi zogierTi daikarga da aRar ixmareba.

warmovadgenT maT cal-calke:

/-s/ _ ZÀ� kacisaÁ mkudreTiT aRdge-s (m. 17, 9).

romelman daimdablos Tavis TÂsi, igi aRmaRlde-s (l. 14, 11).

ukueTu ferÃi Seni gabrkolebde-s Sen, moikueTe igi (gr. 9, 45).

romelman ganxueteo-s coli TÂsi (m. 5, 31).

raÁTa ara ganqarde-s Sjuli mosÀsi (i. 7, 23).

cxovrebaÁ saukunoÁ daimkÂdro-s (m. 19, 29).

cecxli ara daxSrtebi-s (mr. 9, 48).

romelman kac kla-s, Tanmdeb ar-s igi saSjelisa (m. 5,21).

/-a/ _ ficiT aRxuTqu-a mas micemad, raÁca xiTxovos (m. 14, 7).

meyseulad aRxemarT-a da vidod-a (l. 13, 13).

brwyinvid-a piri misi (m. 17, 2).

sxuÁ vinme daxamtkicebd-a (l. 22, 59).

daxutev-a coli TÂsi Zmasa TÂssa (m. 22, 25).

aw daxefar-a TualTagan SenTa (l. 19, 42).

hbervid-a wyalTagan niaki da Salvid-a furcelsa xisa misgan (moqc. 235,

24).

xevedrebod-a mas da xetyod-a (m. 8, 5).

21

ximosebod-a ZoweuliTa (l. 16, 19).

/-o/ _ aRiR-o cxedari igi (mr. 2, 12).

romelman sityuaÁ igi ismina da gulisxma-yo da gamoiR-o nayofi (m. 13, 23).

man mixug-o da xrqua (l. 13, 8).

miy-o Ãeli misi mowafeTa TÂsTa (m. 12, 49).

xolo Tavadman xamcn-o maT (l. 8, 56).

Sexax-o maT Ãeli (m. 17, 7).

/-n/ _ yoveli romeli xiTxov-n miiRos da xeZieb-n povi da romeli xirek-n,

ganxeRis (m. 7, 8).

iyav-n nebaÁ Seni (l. 11, 2).

Tesli igi aRmocendis da ganorZndebi-n (mr. 4, 27).

nu geSini-n Tquen (m. 28, 5).

mamao Cueno, romeli xar caTa Sina, wmida xiyav-n saxeli Seni (m. 6, 9).

SeinaneT da grwmeni-n saxarebisaÁ (mr. 1, 15).

rasa xiqm-n ufali misi (i. 15, 15).

TÂsiT TaviT queyanaÁ nayofsa gamoiReb-n (mr. 4, 28).

amieriTgan ixarodi-n udabnoÁ ese (xanZT. 206, 42).

ugalobdi-n saxelsa Sensa (fs. 65, 4).

/-d/ _ hmosie-d mas sulsa samoseli (sin. 55, 12).

TavTa winaSe mipyrie-d igi (sin. 35, 307ra4).

kiliki erTi mcirÀ� que warudgebie-d (SuS. 25, 11).

/-en/ _ mravalni cruv-winaswarmetyuelni aRdg-en (m. 24, 11).

Zeni Tquenni raÁTa ganxasxm-en (m. 12, 27).

mogeqc-en da gangxeTqd-en Tquens (m. 7, 6).

varskulavni gardamocÂv-en zeciT (m. 24, 29).

brmani aRixilv-en (mT. 11, 5).

dasxd-en mwignobarni da farisevelni (m. 23, 2).

daZov-en kravni Cemni (i. 21, 15).

/-an/ _ nayofi gamoiRi-an (l. 8, 15).

ganadidni-an fesuebi samoslisa maTisaÁ (m. 23, 5).

ganivrcni-an saconi maTni (m. 23, 5).

ganiryuni-an pirni maTni (m. 6, 16).

ganbokrebulni ganwmidnebi-an (m. 11, 5).

daxdvi-an mÃarTa zeda kacTasa (23, 4).

sada mparavTa daTxari-an da ganipari-an (m. 6, 19).

movidi-an mfrinvelni cisani... da yuavilsa mas Zovdi-an (moqc. 23, 25).

22

bevrni borotni eqmni-an (aTon. 17, 219).

/-n/ _ arca xiqorwinebodian, arca ganqorwinebde-n (mr. 12, 25).

dagarRÂo-n Sen (l. 19, 44).

dasajo-n igi sikudid (mr. 10, 33).

ara yovelTa daitio-n sityuaÁ ege (m. 19, 11).

cani da queyanaÁ warÃde-n (mT. 6, 20).

saxelsa missa warmarTni xesvide-n (m. 12, 21).

wariparo-n igi da xuTxra-n ersa (m. 27, 64).

maSin cTe-n mravalni da urTierTsa ardabagebdnen da iZulebdnen

urTierTs (m. 24, 10).

/-ed/ _ mizeziT Sovrad xilocv-ed (l. 20, 47).

did-didni Ãelmwifeb-ed maT zeda (m. 20, 25).

mTavarni warmarTTani ufleb-ed maT zeda (m. 20, 25).

romelni-igi xgoneb-ed (mr. 10, 42).

iyvn-ed welni Tqvenni mortymul (l. 12, 35).

aRgiarebd-ed Sen ... yovelni saqmeni Senni (fs. 144, 10).

ubanTa vaWarni moiyuann-ed (moc. 19, 38).

codvilnica xavasxeb-ed (l. 6, 34).

wuxd-ed warmarTni (sin. 53, 19).

/-es/ _ aRavsn-es ornive igi navni (l. 5, 7).

aRxuTqu-es mas micemad vercxli (mr. 14, 11).

sada mRilman da mWamelman ganryun-es (m. 6, 19).

odes gankicx-es igi (m. 27, 31).

aRmoiyvan-es yrmaÁ igi ierusalÀmd (l. 2, 22).

maT, viTarca xesma ese misgan, ganixar-es (mr. 14, 11).

xeCuenn-es maT mose da elia mis Tana da Tana-xzraxvid-es mas (m. 17, 3).

mowafeni xrisxvid-es maT (m. 19, 13).

sainteresoa arn. Ciqobavas mosazreba mesame subieqturi piris niSanTa

Sesaxeb. igi gamoyofs mis Taviseburebebs: 1) mesame subieqturi piri

ramdenime afiqsiT aRiniSneba maSin, roca pirveli da meore subieqturi

pirebi TiTo afiqsiTaa warmodgenili S1_ /v-/, S2_ /x-/ an /h-/ (an misi

bgerinacvali /s-/), asevea yvela obieqtur pirSi: O1_ /m-/, O2_ /g-/, O3_ /x-/ an

/h-/ (an misi fonetikuri saxecvla /s-/); 2) mesame subieqturi piris niSnebi

sufiqsebia, yvela sxva piri _ subieqtisa Tu obieqtisa _ prefiqsebiT

aris aRniSnuli. `prefiqsacia piris aRniSvnaSi qarTuli zmnis

23

uRvlilebis principia da am princips arRvevs mesame subieqturi piris

warmoeba~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1940: 15).

avtori axdens sxva qarTvelur enebTan Sedarebas da askvnis, rom `aqac

(igulisxmeba subieqtis mesame piri) prefiqsi unda yofiliyo, ase rom

qarTuli zmna mTlianad prefiqsuli uRvlilebis mqoned unda vigulvoT“

(arn. Ciqobava, 1968: 163).

arn. Ciqobava gamoTqvams varauds, rom piris niSanTa s, n, d Tanxmovnebi

istoriulad gramatikuli klasis niSnebs ukavSirdeba (arn. Ciqobava, 1942:

257).

uaRresad sainteresoa v. Tofurias mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor

gamoixateboda erTi movlena sxvadasxva formiT Zvel qarTulSi. erTi

movlenis gamosaxatavad gamoyenebuli iyo erTi da imave funqciis

sxvadasxva niSani. maSasadame, gvqonda erTi Sinaarsis, erTi mniSvnelobis

sxvadasxva forma, mravalforma, magram qarTuli enis xangrZlivi

ganviTarebis manZilze es mravali forma ar SemogvrCa Semdegi sami

mizeziT: 1. daikarga, magaliTad: subieqturi piris niSnebi -n da -d

(ukanaskneli ufro adre) da SemogvrCa -s. sadavo ar unda iyos, wers

avtori, rom subieqturi mesame piris uZvelesi niSania -d. igi ufro adre

gadaSenda, vidre -n. yovel SemTxvevaSi -n sufiqsis moqmedebis dros -d

aRar Cans produqtiuli; daikarga subieqturi mesame piris mravlobiTi

ricxvis -ed sufiqsi da sxv.; 2. funqcia Seicvala, magaliTad: funqcia

Seicvala da ganawilda -en, -an awmyosa da kavSirebiTis III piris

mravlobiT ricxvSi, -es _ namyoebSi, xolo -T _ subieqtis I da II pirebis

aRsaniSnavad yvela mwkrivSi; 3. Zirs Seuxorcda rogorc -d, ise -n,

magaliTad, naxva, sxedan da sxv. (v. Tofuria, 2002: 419).

amrigad, askvnis avtori, qarTulSi erTisa da imave morfologiuri

kategoriis gamosaxatavad ori, sami da meti niSani ixmareba. subieqturi

mesame piris gamomxatvelad mxolobiT ricxvSi sami sufiqsi gamodis: -s,

-a, -o _ axal qarTulSi, Zvel qarTulSi ki amaT -n da -d bolosarTebic

emateboda da gvqonda: -s, -a, -o, -n, -d (v Tofuria, 2002: 420).

24

a. SaniZis azriT: ,,1-li da me-2 piri subieqtisaTvis mudmiv erTsa da imave

niSnebs gviCvenebs. aq garCeva ar aris arc ricxvisa da arc mwkrivis

mixedviT, xolo me-3 piris subieqturi niSani sxvadasxvaa ara marto

mxolobiTsa da mravlobiTSi, aramed zogjer agreTve sxvadasxva

mwkrivSic ~(a. SaniZe, 1973, 174).

mesame subieqturi piris niSanTa Taviseburebaze amaxvileben yuradRebas

iv. da v. imnaiSvilebi naSromSi ,,zmna Zvel qarTulSi~:

,,a) 6 piridan (sami sub.., sami ob.) igi erTaderTia, zmnas rom boloSi

erTvis, sufiqsia (wer-s, Wam-n, aRaSen-a..), sxva yvela TavSi erTvis,

prefiqsia (v-wer, s-wer, m-wers, g-wers, h-kiTxavs).

b) igi erTaderTia, rom bevria erTdroulad (s, n, a, o, d, en, an, es, n, ed),

sxvebi ki arsebiTad mxolod erTia: v-wer, x-wer, (h-wer, s-wer), m-wer-s, mi-

x-wer-s (mi-h-wer-s, mi-s-wers). Tu aq sadme piris niSanTa raodenoba erTs

scildeba da metia, igi an mxolod warmomavlobiT sxvadasxva kilos

kuTvnilebaa (maSasadame, arsebiTad mainc erTia), anda fonetikur

niadagzea warmomdgari (v, u, Ø..). mesame piris yvela niSanze es ar iTqmis.

g) yvela sxva xuTi piris niSani, zmnaSi prefiqsis saxiT rom aris

warmodgenili, mxolod erT funqcias asrulebs _ aRniSnavs pirs,

ricxvis gamoxatva maT ar evalebaT, amisaTvis enaSi sxva niSani arsebobs

(T, en): mesame subieqturi piris niSani ki imavdroulad ricxvsac

gamoxatavs: -s, -n, -a, -o, -d _ mxolobiTs, xolo -en, -an, -es, -n, -ed _

mravlobiTs (igi wer-s, man dawer-a, daiwyo, igini wer-en, ari-an, maT

dawer-es, unda weron). aq irRveva qarTuli enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

aglutinaciis principi da erTi formanti ori funqciis Sesrulebas

kisrulobs~ (iv.imnaiSvili, v. imnaiSvili,1996: 27).

a. onianis azriT, mesame subieqturi piris niSanTa simravle

morfologiuri kategoriebiT ganisazRvreba: ,,Tanamedrove qarTulSi

mesame savaldebulo piris morfebis /-s/, /-a/, /-o/ alomorfebis ganawileba

Sepirobebulia ara fonologiurad, aramed morfologiurad. sxvagvarad

rom vTqvaT, aRniSnul alomorfTa gamovlenas ganapirobebs ara

25

fonologiuri gramatika, aramed romelime morfologiuri kategoria

(mwkrivi, kilo, gvari). faqtobriv aseTivea viTareba Zvel qarTulSic: S3

morfebis /-s/, /-a/, /-o/, /-n/, /-d/, alomorfebis ganawileba morfologiur

princips emyareba~ (a. oniani,1978: 58).

mesame subieqturi piris mravalricxovan afiqss, wers l. baramiZe, pirisa

da ricxvis aRniSvnis garda, dakisrebuli hqondaT sxva gramatikuli

kategoriebis warmoebac, rogoricaa: dro, kilo, gvari. sxvadasxva drosa

da kiloSi gansazRvruli markerebi iyo gamoyenebuli, riTac

erTmaneTisagan gamijnuli iyo: a) axlandeli da warsuli dro; b)

TxrobiTi, kavSirebiTi da brZanebiTi kilo; g) erTgzisi da mravalgzisi

formebi. amasTan dakavSirebiT, subieqturi mesame piris niSnebi ganawi-

lebuli iyo mwkrivTa mixedviTac (l. baramiZe, 2004: 6).

rac Seexeba mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiT ricxvs, arn. Ciqobava da

v. Tofuria Tvlian, rom mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTis niSnebi

garkveul SemTxvevaSi maTi fonetikuri variantebia.

v. Tofuria aRniSnavs, mravlobiTis -n bolosarTi: aSeno-n, daWra-n da

msgavs formebSi SekumSuli -en niSania. rac Seexeba ed sufiqss, /-en/-is pa-

ralelurad rom Cndeba Zvel qarTulSi, mravlobiTi ricxvis uZvelesi

niSania, romelic amJamad mkvdaria, magram Zvel qarTulSi -en//-ed

erTmaneTis paralelurad ixmareboda, magaliTad: amas hyofed (l. 6, 33 D)

amasve hyofen (m. 5, 46) migetevned Sen codvani Senni (l. 5, 200) migetevnen

Sen codvani Senni (m. 9, 25)... (v. Tofuria, 2002: 412).

b. foCxua iziarebs v. Tofuriasa da arn. Ciqobavas mosazrebas da

aRniSnavs, rom `mravlobiTobis nariani mawarmoeblebidan uZvelesia

zmnebSi warmodgenili -en. danarCeni nariani variantebi misgan

momdinareobs: -an SeiZleba zanuris (an zanuris tipis dialeqturi wris)

kuTvnileba iyo. kavSirebiTSi warmodgenili -n igive -en sufiqsia,

garkveul garemocvaSi reducirebuli da Semdeg analogiiT

gavrcelebuli~ (b. foCxua, 1961: 62).

26

sainteresoa g. gogolaSvilis mosazreba am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, ,,/-an/

sufiqsi ar aris /-en/-is fonetikuri varianti warmoqmnili mis zmnur

afiqsad Camoyalibebis Semdeg.., radgan xmovan kompleqsTa gamartiveba

momdevno xmovnis dakargvis gziT araa damaxasiaTebeli qarTulisaTvis.

aseve SeuZlebelia i-s mezoblobaSi disimilaciis gziT -en sufiqsis -an

sufiqsad qceva: ie→ia miReba, anu viwro xmovnis gafarToeba

arabunebrivia qarTulisaTvis~ (g. gogolaSvili, 1977: 218-219).

l. baramiZe miiCnevs, rom mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTis sufiqsTa

simravles dialeqturi an fonetikuri safuZveli unda hqondes. aqedan

unda modiodes maTi raodenobis `Semcirebis~ moTxovnilebac. amis gamo

/-n/ Tanxmovnis Semcveli afiqsebi fonetikur variantebad iqna miCneuli.

Cveni varaudiT, wers avtori, subieqturi mesame piris afiqsebs yvelas

Tavisi, erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli, funqcia unda hqonodaT (l.

baramiZe, 2004: 21). misi azriT, ,,mxolobiTsa da mravlobiTSi gamovlenil

piris afiqsebs Tu cal-calke ganvixilavT, maTi funqciebis mikvleva

gaWirdeba. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis mxolobiTi ricxvis Sesaxeb, sadac

erTi da igive -s afiqsi sxvadasxva dajgufebebSi monawileobs da misTvis

mxolod erTi funqciis dakisreba SeuZlebeli Cans. safiqrebelia, rom

mxolobiTisa da mravlobiTis afiqsebi gagebuli iyo rogorc erTi

mTliani odenoba, rogorc es gvxdeba sxva pirTa gamovlenis dros.

amitom gacilebiT ufro naTeli iqneba amosavali viTareba im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu subieqturi piris mxolobiTisa da mravlobiTis afiqsebs

davawyvilebT maTi gamoyenebis Sesabamisad:

s _ en (an) gvxvdeba a) awmyosa da b) I TurmeobiTSi.

s _ an _ xolmeobiTebSi (awmyos xolmeobiTis garda):

a) uwyvetelis xolmeobiTSi, b) II xolmeobiTSi, g)

Sereul xolmeobiTsa da d) III xolmeobiTSi.

s _ n _ a) kavSirebiTSi, b) II kavSirebiTsa da

g) III kavSirebiTSi. gamonakliss warmoadgens

-od-ian zmnaTa I kavSirebiTi, romelic amave zmnaTa

uwyvetlis xolmeobiTis formebs iyenebs

a(o) _es _ a) uwyvetelSi, b) wyvetilisa da g) II TurmeobiTSi. -o

27

enacvleba -a-s wyvetilsa da II TurmeobiTSi;

uwyvetelSi ar gvxvdeba.

n _ ed _ a) awmyos xolmeobiTSi, b) I brZanebiTsa da

II brZanebiTSi.

zemoT warmodgenili sqema asaxavs Zveli qarTuli enis normebs (iSviaTi

formebis garda). am sqemis mixedviT kargad Cans, rom mxolobiT-

mravlobiTis TiToeuli wyvili ganawilebulia mwkrivSi Semavali ka-

tegoriebis _ piris, ricxvis, drois, kilosa da jerobis mixedviT.

TiToeuli wyvili gvxvdeba mwkrivTa jgufebSi, romelTac aerTianebs:

dro, kilo an jeroba.

-s, -an xolmeobiTSi ixmareba, -s, -n _ kavSirebiTebSi, -a (-o), -es _

warsuli drois gamomxatvel mwkrivebSi, -s, -en (-an) _ axlandeli

drois formebSi (l. baramiZe, 2004: 26-27).

Tanamedrove qarTuls Tu SevadarebT Zvel qarTuls, vnaxavT, rom mesame

subieqturi piris formebis ganawileba mkveTrad SeizRuda da zogierTi

afiqsi daikarga kidec. amjerad mesame subieqturi piris niSnebi mxo-

lobiT ricxvSi mxolod samia, esenia: -s, -a, -o, -∅, mravlobiT ricxvSi ki

_ -n, -an, -en, -nen, -es.

-s, -a sufiqsebi mxolobiT ricxvSi metad produqtiulia, xolo -o

iSviaTad ixmareba zogierT SemTxvevaSi.

a. SaniZe ase ganixilavs mesame subieqturi piris niSnebs: `subieqturi

niSani me-3 pirisa mx. ricxvSi aris sufiqsi -s an -a, iSviaTad -o. rodesac

niSnad -s aris, maSin yvela pirs erTsa da imave mwkrivSi erTi da igive

fuZe aqvs: v-naxav, h-naxav, naxav-s, v-naxavde, h-naxavde, naxavde-s, v-naxo,

h-naxo, naxo-s; v-akeTeb, h-akeTeb, akeTeb-s; v-wer, s-wer, wer-s da misT..

magram, rodesac me-3 pirs subieqtur niSnad -a an -o aqvs, maSin zogjer

zmna sxva fuZes gviCvenebs, vidre 1-lsa da me-2 pirSi: magaliTebi: ga-v-

akeTe, ga-akeTe, ga-akeT-a, v-aqe, -aqe, aq-o; v-Tqvi, s-Tqvi, Tqv-a; v-akeTebdi, -

akeTebdi, akeTebd-a; v-iwerebi, iwerebi, iwereb-a (,,iwerebi-s~ formisagan)

da misT... ase rom, me-3 piris forma mTlianad mainc gansxvavebulia 1-lisa

28

da me-2 piris formaTagan~ (a. SaniZe, 1973: 177). avtori aqve SeniSnavs, rom

piris niSani -a ar unda avrioT aris zmnis Semoklebul -a formaSi:

mebaRe-a, studenti-a, kargi-a.

arn. Ciqobava aRniSnavs, ,,mesame piris subieqtis niSani bolosarTebia: -s

(ari-s), -a (izrdeb-a). /-a/-sagan fonetikuri cvlilebis Sedegad miRebulia

mesame bolosarTi -o (iyo: ← iyva ← iyav-a)~ (arn Ciqobava, 1950: 053).

axal qarTulSi /-s/ da /-a/ alomorfTa xmarebis axali wesebia. -a sufiqsi

mxolod warsuli drois formebSi gvxvdeboda. xolo axal qarTulSi igi

awmyoSi, kerZod, vnebiTi gvaris rogorc statikur, aseve dinamikur

formebSia. es monacvleoba TandaTanobiT mimdinareobda, ramac

sabolood mkveTrad ganasxvava erTmaneTisgan vnebiTi da moqmedebiTi

gvaris zmnebi. Tumca aRsaniSnavia isic, rom /-s/ awmyoSi warmodgenilia

rogorc moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebSi, aseve zog gardauval zmnasTanac,

kerZod: a) saSual moqmedebiTis zmnebTan awmyoSi; b) -av Temis niSnian

formebTan: axur-av-s, akr-av-s, uWir-av-s, sZin-av-s da sxva; g) Tu subieqtur

III pirs win uZRvis i (es iqneba fuZiseuli Tu sufiqsuri): ismi-s, iwvi-s,

zi-s, ari-s, esmi-s, iZvri-s. es ar exeba statikur zmnebs; d) /–s/ gvxvdeba

saSual_vnebiTebTanac: dev-s, wev-s, dga-s, axsov-s, Sur-s (a. oniani, 1978:

58). yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi /-a/ alomorfia warmodgenili mesame

subieqturi piris aRsaniSnavad awmyoSi.

ganvixiloT mesame subieqturi piris -s niSnis dakargvis SemTxvevebi, anu,

rodesac igi nulovani alomorfiT gamoixateba:

subieqtis niSani -s ikargeba -T bolosarTis win: is Sen gawuxeb-s is

Tqven gawuxeb-T. unda yofiliyo: gawuxeb-s-T (da ixmareboda kidec am

erTi saukunis win), -s daikarga -T-s mezoblobaSi (daikarga iseve,

rogorc saxelebSi, magaliTad, gvaqvs ZmasTan, magram Zmeb-Tan←Zmeb-s-Tan).

-s bolosarTis dakargva fonetikuri procesia. -s bolosarTis dakargvis

magaliTebi: Sedegad erTmaneTs daemsgavsa manamde gansxvavebuli formebi:

is Tqven gzrdiT ← (gzrdi-s-T) da agreTve: me Tqven, Cven Sen, Cven Tqven

gzrdiT (arn. Ciqobava,1950: 054).

29

maSasadame, aseT formebSi mesame subieqturi piris niSnad unda

vigulisxmoT /-Ø/ alomorfi, igi damatebiTi distribuciis

damokidebulebaSi iqneba /-s/ alomorfTan da fonologiurad

Sepirobebuli (gaqvsT→gaqv-Ø-T). amosavalia gaqvsT, romelic Cveulebriv

iyo saSual qarTulSi da dResac Semonaxulia mTis kiloebSi.

saliteraturo enaSi yuradReba eqceva wyvetilSi ,,o~ morfemis

gamovlinebas garkveul fuZeebSi.

a.SaniZe aRniSnavs, ,,aris erTi wyeba zmnebisa, romelTac mxolobiTSi a-s

nacvlad -o moudis. am zmnebis fuZe umetesad umarcvloa da Sedgeba

erTi, ori an sami Tanxmovnisagan. or-TanxmovnianebSi meore, xolo sam-

TanxmovnianebSi mesame SeiZleba iyos umarcvlo unisagan miRebuli v;

aseTebia:

a) avianTagan:

rg-v-a: (da)vrge, (da) hrge, (da)rgo.

rT-v-a (sT-v-a, st-v-a): (da) varTe, (da) arTe, (da)arTo.

rwy-v-a: (mo) vrwye, (mo) hrwye, (mo) rwyo.

am zmnebs paralelurad a-niani formac aqvT: darga, daarTa, morwya.

b) ebianTagan:

g-eb-a: vage, age, ago (a-, da- da sxv.).

R-eb-a (ga-, Se-): vaRe, aRe, aRo.

R-eb-a (a-, wa-): viRe, iRe, iRo.

qeb-a: vaqe, aqe, aqo.

w-eb-a: vawe, awe, awo.

gd-eb-a: vagde, agde, agdo.

gz-eb-a: vagze, agze, agzo.

vl-eb-a: xeli (da) vavle, avle, avlo.

vn-eb-a: vavne, avne, avno.

vs-eb-a: vavse, avse, avso.

nT-eb-a: vanTe, anTe, anTo.

rg-eb-a: varge, arge, argo....

g) ob-ianTagan TiTqmis yvela:

Tb-ob-a: vaTbe, aTbe, aTbo.

mk-ob-a: vamke, amke, amko.

30

cx-ob-a: (*cxv-ob-a) vacxve, acxve, acxo......

Zvel qarTulSi iyo -a, romelic axal qarTulSi o-d gadakeTda:

agrZna_igrZno.

daipyra_daipyro.

Seicna_Seicno~ (a. SaniZe, 1973: 430).

g. gogolaSvili arasakmarisad miiCnevs uxmovno fuZis qonas namyo

ZiriTadSi mesame subieqturi piris -o sufiqsis gamovlenisaTvis. am

alomorfTa ganawilebis safuZveli, misi azriT, ZiriTadad, `sayrdeni~

morfemis struqturaa. `sayrdens~ vuwodebT im morfemas, romelsac

uSualod daerTvis CvenTvis saintereso esa Tu is mawarmoebeli. igi

namyo ZiriTadis warmoebaSi -e sufiqsian zmnebSi gamoyofs 2 jgufs: 1.

marcvlovani ukumSveli `sayrdeni~ morfema + -e sufiqsi. warmoebis am

tipisaTvis niSandoblivia mesame subieqturi piris niSnad -a; 2. umarcvlo

`sayrdeni~ morfema + -e sufiqsi, warmoebis am tipisaTvis gamovlindeba

mesame subieqturi piris niSnad -o sufiqsi (g. gogolaSvili,1984: 41-42).

gav-Sal-e ava-Sen-e mov-drik-e Sev-Rob-e movakvl-evin-e

ga-Sal-e aa-Sen-e mo-drik-e Se-Rob-e moakvl-evin-e

ga-Sal-a aa-Sen-a mo-drik-a Se-Rob-a moakvl-evin-a

ava-g-e gava-Tb-e dava-tkb-e dava-frTx-e

aa-g-e gaa-Tb-e daa-tkb-e daa-frTx-e

aa-g-o gaa-Tb-o daa-tkb-o daa-frTx-o.

avtoris azriT, -e sufiqsi am ori jgufis zmnebSi genetikurad

gansxvavebuli odenobaa. namyo ZiriTadis jgufSi, sadac -e sufiqsi

marcvlovan ukumSvel `sayrden~ morfemas daerTvis, is TavisTavad

damoukidebuli mawarmoebelia, xolo im jgufSi, sadac -e sufiqsi

umarcvlo `sayrden~ morfemas daerTvis da o-s gvaZlevs, ev-idan unda

momdinareobdes. pirvel da meore piris formebSic -ev unda yofiliyo,

xolo mesame pirSi fonetikuri faqtoris zegavleniT miviReT -o←v-a←ev-a

(iqve: 43).

31

ua→o, ue→o, ve→o, va→o kompleqsebis Serwyma ucxo ar aris

qarTulisaTvis. iv. imnaiSvili aRniSnavs, ,,axal qarTul dialeqtebSi

gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebulia v-s (umetesad←u) da a-s Serwyma, romelic

o-s iZleva (Tvali→Toli, cxvari→cxori, suams→soms, idva→ido da sxv.).

es movlena saSualo qarTulisaTvisac aris damaxasiaTebeli. magram Zvel

qarTulSi amnairi fonetikuri procesi uCveuloa, gvxvdeba TiTo-orola

kerZo SemTxveva, magaliTad: eCoÁ←eCuaÁ, xaWoÁ←xaWuaÁ, xor-

bali←xuarbali (aseve Seurwymeladaa warmodgenili Zvel qarTulSi),

xomaldi←Ãomaldi←Ãuamaldi; v-yav, h-yav, *yav-a→yv-a→yo da sxv.~ (iv.

imnaiSvili, v. imnaiSvili, 1996: 138).

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom /-o/ alomorfi

fonetikurad Sepirobebulia da wyvetilSi mesame subieqturi piris niSani

mxolobiT ricxvSi Tavdapirvelad iyo /-a/.

saintereso mosazreba aqvs gamoTqmuli a. onians /-a/ da /-o/ alomorfTa

ganawilebis Sesaxeb. rogorc cnobilia, uxmovno ZirebTan gvxvdeba ara

marto /-o/ alomorfi, aramed /-a/-c. /v/ fonemis momdevno poziciaSi arc

erT SemTxvevaSi ar dasturdeba /-o/, aq yovelTvis /-a/ aris warmodgenili:

Sv-a, ga-uSv-a, da-wv-a da sxv. (a. oniani, 1978: 59).

avtori dasZens: `S3 morfemis /-o/ da /-a/ alomorfTa ganawilebis wesebis

dadgena Cven mogvixerxda mxolod imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu romeli

Temis niSniT aris warmodgenili saTanado zmna I seriis formebSi.

/-o/ alomorfi dasturdeba Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:

1) uxmovno Ziris mqone iseT brunvacvalebadsavaldebulopirian zmnaTa

wyvetilSi, romelTac I seriis formebSi aqvT Temis niSnebi /-eb/, /-ob/ an

/-of/ da maT konversiul prefiqsian vnebiTSi. magaliTebi:

32

aqtiuri da medoaqtiuri prefiqsiani vnebiTi

awmyo wyvetili awmyo wyvetili

a-nT-eb-s

u-nT-eb-s

a-vs-eb-s

a-R-eb-s

i-wy-eb-s

a-q-eb-s

a-p-ob-s

sp-ob-s

u-xrC-ob-s

y-of-s

a-Tb-ob-s

Zl-eb-s

a-a-nT-o

a-u-nT-o

ga-a-vs-o

ga-a-R-o

da-i-wy-o

a-q-o

ga-a-p-o

mo-sp-o

da-u-xrC-o

ga-y-o

ga-a-Tb-o

ga-Zl-o

i-nT-eb-a

e-nT-eb-a

i-vs-eb-a

i-R-eb-a

i-wy-eb-a

i-q-eb-a

i-p-ob-a

i-sp-ob-a

e-xrC-ob-a

i-y-of-a

____

____

a-i-nT-o

a-e-nT-o

ga-i-vs-o

ga-i-R-o

da-i-wy-o

i-q-o

ga-i-p-o

mo-i-sp-o

da-e-xrC-o

ga-i-y-o

_____

_____

2. /-av/ Temis niSnian brunvacvalebad savaldebulopirian zmnaTa

wyvetilsa da maT konversiul prefiqsian vnebiTSi im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

Zireuli morfema samive piris formaSi nulovani gaxmovanebiT aris

warmodgenili:

da-v-rg-e mo-v-rT-e mi-v-u-zR-e mo-v-i-rT-e

da-rg-e mo-rT-e mi-u-zR-e mo-i-rT-e

da-rg-o mo-rT-o mi-u-zR-o mo-i-rT-o~ (a. oniani,1978: 60).

/-o/ alomorfi arc erT sxva SemTxvevaSi ar dasturdeba.

sagulisxmoa, rom amgvar zmnebSi /-o/-s Tavisuflad enacvleba /-a/. mag.:

mo-rwy-o// mo-rwy-a, rac aRniSnuli aqvs a. SaniZes (a. SaniZe, 1973: 430).

rac Seexeba /-a/ alomorfs, a. onianis azriT, is ugamonaklisod aris

warmodgenili. TviT uxmovno Ziris mqone wyvetilSic zogjer

regularulad /-a/ alomorfi dasturdeba, aseTebia:

1. /-av/ TemisniSniani zmnebi, Tuki Zireuli morfema nulovani gaxmovanebiT

mxolod III piris formaSia warmodgenili, mag.; mo-kl-a, Se-kr-a, aR-Zr-a

(Sdr.: mo-v-kal-i, mo-kal-i; Se-v-kar-i, Se-kar-i; aR-v-Zar-i, aR-Zar-i) da sxv.

33

2. /-am/, /-em/, /-i/ da /-ev/ TemisniSniani zmnebi yovelTvis, mag.: da-a-b-a, da-a-

dg-a, mo-i-sx-a, Se-qmn-a, ga-Wr-a, mi-s-c-a, ga-i-x-a, da-i-msxvr-a da sxv.

avtori askvnis, rom `/-a/ da /-o/ alomorfTa ganawilebas morfologiuri

safuZveli udevs~ (a. oniani,1978: 61).

rac Seexeba mravlobiT ricxvs, mesame subieqtur pirSi, gansxvavebiT

pirveli da meore pirebisagan, aqac fleqsiuri tipis enebisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli viTareba gvaqvs: ricxvi da piri gamoixateba erTi da

imave morfemebiT: -an, -es, -n, -en, -nen.

arn. Ciqobava ase ganixilavs am sakiTxs: ,,mravlobiTSi pirveli da meore

piris niSnebic gvaqvs da mravlobiTobis sufiqsi -T, mesame pirSi ki

piris niSani da ricxvisac erTia (-en, -an, -es). warmoSobiT es

bolosarTebi mxolod ricxvze (mravlobiTze) miuTiTeben piris niSani aq

zmnas ar hqonda iseve, rogorc mxolobiTSi, oRond mxolobiTSi gauCnda,

mravlobiTSi _ ara). aq mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs qarTuli enis ganviTarebis

is periodi, roca pirebis garCevam iCina Tavi. pirebi meoreulia; manamde

uRvlilebaSi mxolod klasebi gairCeoda, gramatikuli klasebi _

adamianisa da nivTisa~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1950: 053).

ufro vrclad exeba am sakiTxs a. SaniZe. kerZod, ,,me-3 piris sub. niSnad

mravlobiT ricxvSi ramdenime sufiqsia: -en, -an, -n, -nen, -es; magaliTebi:

1. -en: akeTeb-en, aTbob-en, akeTebd-en, aTbobd-en. radganac es sufiqsi

xmovniT iwyeba, amitom igi zogjer fuZis SekumSvas iwvevs

awmyo_myofadSi: malav-s, magram malv-en, xatav-s, magram xatv-en, klav-s,

magram klv-en, daartyam-s, magram daartym-en da misT.

-en daboloeba xan mTlianad piris niSans warmoadgens mr. ricxvSi da

dauSlelia (aseTi dapirispirebiT: xatav-s _ xatav-en), xanac daiSleba

e+n. amaTgan piris niSani marto n iqneba aseTi dapirispirebiT: xatavde-s

_ xatavde-n.

2. -an sufiqsi gvxvdeba yovelTvis, roca zmnas bolos Temis niSnad an

mwkrivis niSnad i aqvs: Wri-an, Wyivi-an, garbi-an,.. icini-an, Txri-an da

34

misT. magram zogierTi zmna (`saSualo~ gvarisa), romelic mas dairTavs,

kidev sxva Taviseburebasac gviCvenebs: -an daboloebis win Tavs iCens

xolme -an, rac naTlad Cans mxolobiTisa da mravlobiTi formebis

dapirispirebisagan: dga-s _ dg-an-an, wev-s _ wv-an-an, hgav-s _ hgv-an-an... l.

kiknaZis axsnis Tanaxmad, pirveli an Temis niSania, romelic garkveul

SemTxvevebSia Semonaxuli.

zogjer -an daboloeba warmoSobilia arian zmnisagan, romelSic ukve

aris piris niSani (ari-an: yofil ari-an _ yofil-an, Sobil ari-an _

Sobil-an).

3. -n gvxvdeba II kavSirebiTSi: gaakeTo-n, qna-n, daixoco-n...

4. -nen imdenad SeiZleba mTlianad CaiTvalos mravlobiTi ricxvis me-3

piris subieqtur niSnad, ramdenadac Sig Semavali pirveli n visame enaSi

mxolod me-3 pirSi gvxvdeba da imave ricxvis 1-lisa da me-2 piris

formebSi ki _ ara: wavid-nen (amaTTan SepirispirebiT: wa-vediT, wa-xvediT,

wa-vid-nen), iyv-nen (aseTi SepirispirebiT erTi kacis enaSi an erT kiloSi:

viyaviT, iyaviT, iyv-nen), waekid-nen (aseTi SepirispirebiT: wavekideT,

waekideT, waekid-nen); Torem, Tu n visame enaSi 1-lisa da me-2 piris

formebSic Sedis (am SemTxvevaSi mas win kidev e eqneba), maSin igi piris

niSans aRar ganekuTneba, mag.: am SemTxvevaSi: viyv-en-iT, iyv-en-iT, iyv-n-en;

wavekid-en-iT, waekid-en-iT, waekid-n-en, maSasadame, aq me-3 subieqturi piris

niSnad martooden -en unda viguloT, romelic sul bolos aris (iyvn-en,

waekidn-en).

5. -es sufiqsi Zvelad farTod iyo gamoyenebuli. igi Tanabrad ixmareboda

wyvetilSica da uwyvetelSic, rogorc gardamavals, ise gardauval

zmnebSi. Tanamedrove saliteraturo enaSi ki es daboloeba gardamaval

zmnebs SerCaT (an kidev gardamavalTagan gamosul gardauval zmnebs

celqobs-icelqebs tipisas) da isic martooden wyvetilSi: gaakeT-es, daag-

es, gaaTb-es, daibar-es, icelq-es da misT., xolo misi adgili (n)en da-

boloebam daiWira wyvetilSi gardauval zmnebSi (saSualsa da vnebiTSi),

uwyvetelSi ki sazogadod yovelgvar zmnaSi (gardamavalSica da

35

gardauvalSic): iyv-(n)-en, gaemarT-(n)-en, akeTebd-(n)-en, werd-(n)-en, aSenebd-

(n)-en da misT~ (a. SaniZe, 1973: 177-178).

amaTgan, rogorc cnobilia, yvelas vxvdebiT Zvel qarTulSi, garda -nen

daboloebisa, romelic, rogorc erTiani afiqsi, ar gvxvdeboda. Zvel

qarTulSi warsuli drois gamomxatvel mwkrivebSi (uwyveteli, wyvetili,

II TurmeobiTi), mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTSi ixmareboda -es

morfema. axal qarTulSi -es sufiqsi ixmareba mxolod gardamaval da

saSual-moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebTan wyvetilSi. rac Seexeba danarCen

warsuldroian formebs, maT mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiT ricxvSi

aqvT -nen sufiqsi.

sainteresoa mosazrebebi -nen sufiqsis warmoSobisa da damkvidrebis

Sesaxeb. e. nikolaiSvili SeniSnavs, rom Zvel qarTulSi aris mimdevroba

n-e-n, romelic gvxvdeba II kavSirebiTis (aseve III kavSirebiTis) formebSi.

es daboloeba maSin gvaqvs, rodesac pirdapiri obieqti narian

mravlobiTSi Seewyoba zmnas: misc-n-e-n, mokl-n-e-n. n-e-n mimdevroba amgvar

formebSi sami afiqsisagan Sedgeba: pirveli -n pirdapiri obieqtis

mravlobiTobis gamomxatvelia, meore -n _ subieqturi piris mrav-

lobiTisa, xolo -e kavSirebiTis mwkrivis niSania. -nen afiqsis

Camoyalibeba ar unda ukavSirdebodes am formebs, aramed Sesabamis

prefiqsian vnebiTs, sadac is gvxvdeba subieqtis mravlobiTis me-3 pirSi:

daimalnen, evedrnen. am formebSi konversiis dros moqmedebiTidan

gadmoyolili pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTis -n da bolokiduri -n

faqtobrivad erTsa da imave saxels miemarTeba, romelic moqmedebiTSi

pirdapiri obieqtia, xolo vnebiTSi _ subieqti. am garemoebis gamo

istoriulad sami sxvadasxva daniSnulebis sufiqsi gaerTianda da

damoukidebeli afiqsi warmoiSva swored vnebiTSi: -nen. prefiqsiani

vnebiTis II kavSirebiTis gavleniT -nen gavrcelda sxva gardauval zmnaTa

II kavSirebiTSic (rom gaTbnen, gamravldnen, movidnen), agreTve sazogadod

gardauval zmnaTa wyvetilsa da I seriis savrcobian mwkrivebSi. magram

movlenaTa ganviTareba, rogorc Cans, ar yofila ase sworxazovani.

irkveva, rom -nen sufiqsis gverdiT saSual qarTulSi moqmedebs -en

bolosarTic. rogorc garkveulia, meryeoba -es formantis gamoyenebaSi

36

gvxvdeba XV s. bolodan. XVI _ XVIII saukuneebSi sxvadasxva SefardebiT

erTmaneTs enacvleba -es, -en, -nen, sufiqsebi, romelTagan sabolood

imarjvebs -nen. procesi dasrulebuli Cans XVIII saukuneSi (e.

nikolaiSvili, 1978: 96_107).

-nen sufiqsi II kavSirebiTidan gavrcelda TxrobiTi kilos formebSi.

amjerad axal qarTulSi igi Zalian produqtiuli morfemaa. mas vxvdebiT:

uwyvetelSi (yvelanair zmnasTan), xolmeobiTSi, awmyos kavSirebiTSi,

myofadis kavSirebiTSi, II kavSirebiTSi, wyvetilSi _ gardauval zmnebTan,

II TurmeobiTsa da III kavSirebiTSi _ gardamaval zmnebTan.

yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg ganxilul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mainc

ibadeba kiTxvebi, romlebsac SevecdebiT SeZlebisdagvarad vupasuxoT:

1. ratom aris warmodgenili (an ratom iyo warmodgenili) mesame

subieqturi piris niSnebi ramdenime morfemiT?

2. ratom aris mesame subieqturi piris niSnebi sufiqsebi da yvela

danarCeni prefiqsebi?

3. ratom aRniSnavs mesame subieqturi piris niSani pirsa da ricxvs

erTdroulad?

4. ram ganapiroba Zvel qarTulSi aucilebeli xmareba meore subieqturi

piris niSnisa, romelic TandaTanobiT dasustda da axal qarTulSi nu-

lovani alomorfiT Seicvala?

Cveni azriT, mesame subieqturi piris niSani mxolobiT ricxvSi

gamoxatuli iyo prefiqsuli nulovani alomorfiT, romelic

upirispirdeboda markirebul I da II piris formebs: S1 - v , S2 - x , S3 – Ø.

rac Seexeba im morfemebs, romlebic dRes asrulebs mesame subieqturi

piris niSnebis funqcias, sxva gramatikul kategoriebs gamoxatavda (arn.

Ciqobava, v. Tofuria, a. oniani, l. baramiZe), rac dResac Cans. is raRac

morfologiuri kategoriebi sufiqsuri morfemebiT gamoixateboda da,

rac mTavaria, mxolod mesame pirisaTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli (iseve,

rogorc dRes, axal qarTulSi). Tu davuSvebT, rom mesame subieqturi

37

piris niSnebi iseT morfologiur kategoriebs gamoxatavda, romelic

damaxasiaTebeli iyo 1-eli da me-2 pirisTvisac, maSin, logikuria,

aRniSnul kategoriebs am pirebSic unda hqonoda saTanado niSnebi, rac

Sesabamisad gamoiwvevda 1-eli da me-2 piris niSnebis simravlesac.

Cveni azriT, es morfologiuri kategoriebi, romlebic mxolod mesame

piris formaSi vlindeboda, bunebrivia, 1-el da me-2 pirSi ar iyo

markirebuli da nulovani alomorfiT upirispirdeboda me-3 pirs. cxadia,

1-eli da me-2 subieqturi piris niSnebic nulovani alomorfiT ver

iqneboda warmodgenili, piriqiT, maTi markireba aucilebeli iyo

kategoriebis erTmaneTisagan gasarCevad, rac, vfiqrobT, gamovlinda

swored Zvel qarTulSi meore subieqturi piris niSnis savaldebulo

materialuri gamoxatviT.

mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiToba, Cveni azriT, -en~-n sufiqsiT iyo

warmodgenili, rogorc es gvqonda pirdapiri obieqtis SemTxvevaSi,

rodesac is idga saxelobiT brunvaSi. amasTanave –en~-n niSniT aRniSnuli

saxelis mravlobiToba gamoixateboda yvela pirSi, rac imaze miuTiTebs,

rom am morfemis uSualo funqcia mravlobiTobis aRniSvna iyo. savsebiT

bunebrivia, mas es funqcia Seesrulebina subieqturi mesame piris

mravlobiT ricxvSi, xolo subieqturi mesame piri kvlav nulovani

alomorfiT yofiliyo gamoxatuli. rac Seexeba mesame subieqturi piris

sxva mravlobiTi ricxvis aRmniSvnel niSnebs, isinic im sxva gramatikuli

kategoriebis mravlobiTi ricxvis gamomxatvelni iyvnen, rac Sesabamisad

subieqturi mesame piris mxolobiTi ricxvis formisaTvis iyo

damaxasiaTebeli. DdroTa ganmavlobaSi, rodesac es sistema moiSala,

aRniSnulma morfemebma mxolobiT ricxvSi SeiTavsa piris gamoxatvis

funqciac, Sesabamisad mravlobiTSi arsebulma morfemebma pirisa da

ricxvis gamoxatva erTdroulad ikisra. vfiqrobT, amiT iyo gamowveuli

mesame subieqturi piris rogorc mxolobiTis, aseve mravlobiTis niSanTa

simravle. rodesac mesame subieqturi piris niSnebma SeiTavsa piris

gamoxatvis funqciac, TandaTanobiT dasustda meore subieqturi piris

niSani, radganac pirvel da mesame pirebs gamokveTilad hqonda niSnebi da

meore subieqturi piris uniSnoba markirebis tolfasi gaxda. man jer

38

saxe icvala, xolo Semdeg daikarga zogierTi fonemebis win (xmovnebis,

sonorebis, Cqamieri napralovnebis) da bolos, sruliad gaqra, ris gamoc

dRevandel qarTulSi nulovani alomorfiYgvaqvs.

rac Seexeba imas, rom dRes es morfemebi kvlav gamoxataven raRac sxva

kategoriebsac, garda pirisa da ricxvisa, miuTiTebs swored imaze, rom

maTTvis aseTi rolis Sesruleba uCveulo ar aris, magram Secvlili

saxiT xdeba sistemis simetriisaken swrafva.

yovelive zemoTqmulis mixedviT, subieqturi piris niSanTa cxrili

SeiZleba ase warmovadginoT:

Zveli qarTuli

mxolobiTi ricxvi mravlobiTi ricxvi

I v-~…-~Ø-� _____ I v-~…-~Ø-� _____ -T

II x-~h-~s-~S-~Ø- ___ II x-~h-~s-~S-~Ø-� ___ -T

III ______ -s~-n~-d~-a~-o~-� III _____ -en~-ed~-an~-n~-es

axali qarTuli

mxolobiTi ricxvi mravlobiTi ricxvi

I v-~Ø-� _____ I v-~Ø- � _____ -T

II x-~Ø-� ___ II x-~Ø-� ___ -T

III ______ -s~-a~-o~-� III _____ -en~-nen~-an~-n~-es.

39

Tavi III

obieqturi piris niSnebi

pirveli da meore obieqturi piris niSnebi

qarTuli zmna mravalpiriania, romelic gulisxmobs zmnis formaSi

rogorc subieqturi, aseve obieqturi pirebis aRniSvnas. obieqturi piris

niSnebi (I, II, III) yvela prefiqsebia, obieqturi piri, rogorc cnobilia,

ori saxisaa: pirdapiri da iribi. I da II obieqturi pirebis aRniSvnisas

mniSvneloba ara aqvs, Tu rogori obieqtia - pirdapiri Tu iribi - orive

SemTxvevaSi isini erTnairi prefiqsebiT aris warmodgenili. rac Seexeba

mesame pirs, amis Sesaxeb mravali mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli samecniero

literaturaSi. ganvixiloT obieqturi piris TiToeuli niSani cal-

calke.

Zvel qarTulSi pirveli obieqturi piris niSania m- mxolobiT ricxvSi,

rogorc pirdapirisa, aseve iribis. mag:

romelman aR-m-iaros me winaSe kacTa (m. 10.32).

ege yoveli da-m-imarxavs siyrmiT CemiTgan (m. 19,20).

vin Tqvengani Se-m-etyuebis me codvaTaTÂs (i. 8,46).

man me m-adidos (i. 16,44).

m-iÃsen me ... borotisagan (m. 14,30).

Se-m-codos me Zmaman Cemman (m. 18,21).

rameTu pirvelad me mo-m-iZula (i. 15,18).

amas Ramesa ... samgzis uvar-m-yo me (mr. 14,30).

arRara m-xedvideT me (i. 16,10; 16,17).

mo-m-ec me sityvaÁ samnoÁsa SenisaÁ (l. 16,2).

raÁTa ara m-awyinebdnen me amisaTÂs (ist. qr. II, 83,15).

me m-abralebTa (i.7,23).

gan-m-eSovreniT Cemgan yovelni (m. 7,23).

daman Cemman martoÁ da-m-iteva msaxurebad (l. 10,40).

raÁsa m-kiTxav me keTilisaTÂs (m. 19,17).

mo-m-devdi me (mr. 2,14).

40

m- prefiqsi pirveli obieqturi piris aRsaniSnavad, rogorc

saenaTmecniero literaturaSia cnobili, mravlobiTi ricxvis formaSic

gvxvdeboda. is maSinac dasturdeboda zmnaSi, roca pirdapiri obieqtis

mravlobiTobis gamosaxatavad arsebobda -en (-n) sufiqsi. obieqturi

pirebis mxolobiT_mravlobiTobis garCeva SesaZlebeli iyo ramdenime

xerxiT.

iv. da v. imnaiSvilebi Tavis cnobil naSromSi ~zmna Zvel qarTulSi~

aRniSnaven:

a) zogjer zmnasTan saTanado nacvalsaxeli iyo warmodgenili: momec

Cuen puri ese (i, 6, 34), momec me, raÁca Tana-gavca (m, 18,28). momec me

sityvaÁ samnoÁsa SenisaÁ (l. 16, 2). momec Cuen, raÁTa davsxdeT erTi

marjveniT da erTi marcxeniT Sensa (mr. 10, 37). marqu Cuen gancxadebulad

(i. 10, 24). miTxar me, sada dasdev (i. 20.15), miTxar Cuen igavi igi (m. 13,36).

Mmose esreT da-m-iwera Cuen (mr. 12,19).

m-iTxar Cuen (mr. 13,4).

mo-m-iteven Cuen, Tananadebni Cuenni (m. 6,12).

nu Se-m-iyvaneb Cuen gansacdelsa (m. 6,13).

vidre Cuen m-eZina (m. 28,13).

b) ricxvis amocnoba SesaZlebeli iyo momdevno winadadebis saSualebiT

anu konteqstiT: ara maqus, sada davikribo nayofi Cemi. (i. 12, 17)

,,davikribo” subieqtad Seiwyobs me-s, amitom ara maqus-ac Seewyoba me.

aseTia kidev: mnebavs, raÁTa awve momce me Tavi iovane naTlis-mcemlisaÁ

(mr. 6, 25). aq meore winadadebaSi momce zmnas axlavs me nacvalsaxeli,

maSasadame, igive me aris saWiro ,,mnebavs” zmnisTvisac. kidev erTi

magaliTi: mrwams, Semewie urwmunoebasa Cemsa (mr. 9,24). aq arc erT zmnas

ar axlavs piris nacvalsaxeli, magram ricxvs avlens kuTnilebiTi Cemsa,

maSasadame, igulisxmeba mxolobiTi ricxvi: mrwams me, Semewie me

(iv.imnaiSvili v. imnaiSvili, 1996: 32).

amrigad, rogorc magaliTebidan Cans m- prefiqsi pirveli obieqturi

piris mravlobiTis formaSic ixmareboda.

41

sakmaod xSiria SemTxvevebi Zvel qarTulSi, rodesac pirveli obieqturi

piris mravlobiToba gu- prefiqsiT aris warmodgenili:

vin garda-gÂ-goros Cuen lodi igi karisa misgan saflavisa (mr. 16,3).

ufalo, gu-aswave Cuen locvaÁ (l. 11,1).

ufalo, maradis mo-gu-ec Cuen puri ese (i. 6,34).

ara Semo-gÂ-dgs Cuen (l. 9,49).

Cuen gu-esma magisi (mr. 14,58).

aw gÂ-cnobies, rameTu eSmakeul xar (i. 8,52).

m- da gu- prefiqsebs werilobiTi Zeglebis wina periodSi kidev sxva

morfologiuri funqciac unda hqonoda. zogierT enaTmecnierTa

mosazrebiT, a. SaniZe (a. SaniZe, 1976: 65) v. Tofuria (v. Tofuria, 2002: 25),

a. oniani (a. oniani, 1978: 214-245) m- da gu- prefiqsebi inkluziv-

eqskluzivis kategorias gamoxatavda. arn. Ciqobavas SexedulebiT ki, m- da

gu- prefiqsebi inkluziv-eqskluzivis kategorias ar gamoxatavda, aramed

aRniSnavda mxolod I piris mravlobiTis formebs da sxvadasxva

dialeqturi wridan iyo Semosuli saliteraturo enaSi (arn. Ciqobava,

1946: 105). ,,maqus Cuen” tipis warmoeba erTi garkveuli dialeqturi

samyarodan unda modiodes, kerZod, samxreT-dasavluri qarTuli

kiloebidan. amgvari warmoeba daculia zanurSic. rac Seexeba gu-

prefiqsian warmoebas, igi gacilebiT ufro Zvelia, vidre m-prefiqsiani

warmoeba da mravlad aris warmodgenili svanuri enis morfologiur

sistemaSi (iqve, 105). avtori ganagrZobs, Tu gu- prefiqsi inkluziuri

(anda: eqskluziuri - principSi es sul erTia) Sinaarsisaa,

mravlobiTobis -en sufiqsisaTvis adgili ara rCeba. erTi funqciiT ori

sufiqsis erTdroulad gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia (iqve,100).

inkluziur formaSi moubarTan erTad igulisxmeba meore piri, e. i. ,,Cven”

gulisxmobs ..me da Sen”, an ,,me da Tqven”, xolo eqskluziuri forma

gulisxmobs moubarTan erTad mesame pirs e.i. ,,me da igi”, ,,me da man”, ,,me

da mas”, an kidev ,,me da igini”, ,,me da maT”.

inkluziur formaSi, wers a.SaniZe, CarTulia meore piri da amorTulia

mesame, xolo eqskluziurSi CarTulia mesame piri da amorTulia meore.

42

aris imis niSnebi, rom saliteraturo qarTulSi uZveles dros garCeuli

iyo inkluziur-eqskluziuri formebi I-li obieqturi pirisaTvis

mravlobiT ricxvSi: gu- unda yofiliyo inkluziuri piris niSani, m- _ ki

eqskluziurisa. amis maCvenebelia Semdegi formebi, romlebic gvxvdeba

,,mamao CvenoSi.” ,,puri Cueni arsobisaÁ momec Cuen dRes da momiteven Cuen

Tananadebni Cuenni... da nu Semiyvaneb Cuen gansacdelsa, aramed miÃsen Cuen

borotisagan~ (m. 11,13). magram amasTanave isic cnobilia, rom Cvenamde

moRweul teqstebSi sazogadod inkluziur-eqskluziuri formebi

mkacrad garCeuli ar aris (a. SaniZe, 1973: 65-66). avtori saintereso

pararels avlebs Tanamedrove svanurTan. amJamad, wers igi, svanuri

enisaTvis sazogadod ar aris damaxasiaTebeli obieqtur pirebSi e.w.

inkluziur-eqskluziuri formebis garCeva, Tumca svanuris zogi kilo

(mag, balszemouri) amas arCevs. magaliTad: qarT. “gvamzadebs” svanurad

iqneba guamare da namare. amaTgan guamare inkluziuri formaa (gvamzadebs

me da Sen, me da Tqven), n-amare - eqskluziuri (gvamzadebs me da mas, me da

maT) (iqve: 183).

v. Tofuria saubrobs I obieqturi piris inkluziur-eqskluziur

funqciebze. igic svanurs (zemosvanuri) mimarTavs da Tvlis, rom Zvel

qarTulSi gu-sa da m-s Soris iseve iyo roli ganawilebuli, rogorc

dRes aris svanurSi gu-/n- prefiqsebs Soris (v. Tofuria,1967:27).

iv. imnaiSvili aRniSnavs, rom teqstebSi zogjer areulia inkluzivisa da

eqskluzivis formebi, zogjer erTis nacvlad meore ixmareba. es

mosalodneli iyo enis ganviTarebis garkveul safexurze, roca esa Tu is

kategoria gadavardnas iwyebs, xSiria narevi formebi, es areva Semdeg da

Semdeg autaneli xdeba da forma gadis xmarebidan. es ar iZleva

safuZvels, vamtkicoT, rom aseTi kategoria Tavidanve ar yofila enaSi,

rogorc mwyobri sistema da cocxali enobrivi movlena (iv. imnaiSvili, v.

imnaiSvili, 1996: 34).

a. oniani aRniSnul prefiqsTan dialeqtur warmomavlobas SeuZleblad

miiCnevs, radgan qarTul enaSi ar moipoveba arc erTi dialeqti, sadac

/m-/ ar dasturdebodes, amitom ara gvaqvs safuZveli iseTi dialeqtis

43

arsebobis daSvebisa, sadac /m-/ ar iqneboda warmodgenili. aseve ar

arsebobs iseTi dialeqti, sadac /gu-/ ar iyos mocemuli. amasTanave

aRniSnul prefiqsTa dialeqturi warmomavlobis mtkiceba SesaZlebeli

iqneboda mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dasabuTdeboda /m-/ da /gu-/

prefiqsTa funqciuri identoba (a. oniani,1978: 232). misi azriT, /m-/ da /gu-/

prefiqsTa odindeli funqcia mxolod pirisa da inkluziv-eqskluzivis

aRniSvna unda yofiliyo. svanuri enis masalis safuZvelze avtori

askvnis, rom ,,savaldebulo ar aris inkluziv-eqskluzivis morfemebi

mravlobiTobasac gamoxatavdnen. ricxvi da inkluziv-eqskluzivi,

Cveulebriv, sxvadasxva morfemebiT aRiniSneba zmnaSi, asea es Tanamedrove

svanuris savaldebulo pirSi, istoriulad ase unda yofiliyo

arasavaldebulo pirSic. aseTive viTareba unda gvqonoda qarTuli enis

ganviTarebis im safexurze, roca inkluziv-eqskluzivis kategoria

garCeuli iyo (iqve: 236).

Zvel qarTulSi /gu-/ prefiqsma dakarga amosavali funqcia inkluzivis

gamoxatvisa, is daupirispirda m-ian formas mxolod ricxvis garCevis

funqciiT, magram /gu-/ prefiqsis amosavali funqcia qarTulSi, wers

avtori, inkluzivis gamoxatva unda yofiliyo.

aseTive azrs gamoTqvams v. Tofuriac. marTalia, Zvel qarTulSi /gu-/ da

/m-/ prefiqsebi aRar Seicaven inkluziv-eqskluzivis mkveTr, mwyobr

gagebas, magram, miuxedavad amisa, svanursa da Zveli qarTuli enis

werilobiT ZeglebSi mainc vlindeba am kategoriis kvali, romelic

saerTo-qarTveluri enis morfologiuri sistemisaTvis iyo

damaxasiaTebeli (v. Tofuria, 1967: 25-28).

am debulebas kidev ufro amtkicebs T. gamyreliZis mosazreba imis

Sesaxeb, rom saerTo-qarTveluri enis nacvalsaxelTa sistemaSi

arsebobda inkluziv-eqskluzivis kategoria. inkluziur-eqskluziur

kategoriaTa moSlam qarTvelur nacvalsaxelur formebSi, svanurSi_

erT-erT qarTvelur enaSi, romelic klas-kategoriaTa morfologiuri

sistemis naSTia SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze arqaulia _

sapirispiro movlena gamoiwvia.: inkluziur-eqskluziur kategoriaTa

44

Camoyalibeba zmnis sistemaSi, ris wyalobiTac enaSi erTgvari

struqturuli wonasworoba damyarda (T. gamyraliZe, 2000: 51).

a. oniani askvnis, inkluziur-eqskluziuri formebis garCeva mravlobiTi

ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxelur formaSi uSualo kavSirSi unda

yofiliyo amave enis piriani uRvlilebis mqone zmnebTan. amdenad, /gu-/da

/m-/ prefiqsTan amosaval funqciad inkluziv-eqskluzivis mixedviT

dapirispirebis gamoxatva unda miviCnioT (a. oniani, 1978: 235).

sul sxva viTarebaa saSual qarTulSi. nebismier pirTa kombinaciis dros

pirveli obieqturi piris mravlobiToba zmnaSi gu/gv- prefiqsiT

aRiniSneba. es ar niSnavs imas, rom saSualma qarTulma ar icodes m-

prefiqsiani warmoeba mravlobiT ricxvSi. amgvari formebis xmarebas

sistemuri xasiaTi ara aqvs (m. meliqiZe, 28). igi gvxvdeba XII-XIX saukuniT

daTariRebul ZeglebSi, sabuTebsa da nusxebSi. moviyvanT ramodenime maga-

liTs:

viTarca aRmiTqua Cuen RmerTman. (qarT. cx, I 239,17).

da Sen warmiZRue Cuen.. (qarT. cx, I, 200,3).

ganxeTqa mefoba Cueni, ganmaSorna taZarsa missa wmidasa ugulebelsmyo

naTesavi Cueni srulad”. (qarT. cx. I, 96,11).

rac Seexeba gv-~gu- prefiqsTa aRniSvnas obieqturi I piris

mravlobiTisaTvis, aseTi SemTxvevebi bevria da sistemuri xasiaTis:

siyvaruli agvamaRlebs, viT eJvanni amas JReren. (vefx, 793,3).

Tu erTisa moSorveba mzisa zamTris gagvamcivnebs (iqve, 957,1).

va, sofelo, ras Sigan xar, ras gvabrunveb, ra zne gWirsa! (iqve, 952,1).

dResa erTsa me da mefe movidodeT, gvenadira (iqve, 343,2).

igi garedaRman gunaxavs da Cuensa siaxlesa mova (visram, 148,32).

nuca Tqven daijereT da nuca Cven dagvxocoT (iqve,154,16).

raca igi mandauri, mogviwere, gaamJRavne (vefx, 1274,1).

mogvinaxeT sayvarelsa missa misTvis moasurveT (iqve, 642,3).

kidev erTi mniSvnelovani cvlileba saSual qarTulSi iyo obieqtis

mravlobiTobis –en~-n sufiqsis aRniSvnis rRveva. rogorc cnobilia,

45

saxelobiTSi dasmuli obieqtis (pirdapiri obieqti) mravlobiToba

yovelTvis aRiniSneboda zmnaSi -en~-n sufiqsiT iqneboda is I, II Tu III

piriT warmodgenili. saSual qarTulSi es wesi TandaTan irRveva da

gamovlenili da realizebulia IX s-isa da aqeTa ZeglebSi, warmovadgenT

magaliTebs:

vhkadroT rame salaRobo, rasaTvismca gagvawbila (man Cuen), (vefx. 6,594).

Tualman yaenisaman gÂixilos, Tu viTar davdvaT Tavi Cueni sikvdilad. (qarT.

cx, II, 263,17).

raTgan RmerTman moabadisagan guiÃsna, viTamca yovelTa WirTagan Ãsnil varT-

Tqo (visram, 110,10).

amgvari formebis gverdiT sakmaod mravladaa warmodgenili Zveli

qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli warmoebac: gv-~gu gverdiT -en~-n

sufiqsic:

rad dagvabnelen Senisa moSorvebisa bneliTa (vefx. 1326,3).

Cemganaca da virosaganaca dia grcxuenodes, raTgan Cuen daguiviwyen da ramin

mogegona (visram. 83,25).

awe sircxuili da RmrTisa SiSi moigone da nu xar magaSigan, romel augiTa

aguavsne (iqve,105,39).

aman ufro dagvaSmagna, Tavi srulad gavaSeTeT (vefx. 290,4).

garda amisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom gv-~gu- _ -en(-n) gverdiT gvxvdeba m-

prefiqsiani warmoebac, anu m- _ -en(-n). eseTi formebi saSual qarTulSi

iSviaTia, magram mainc vxvdebiT: da damicven Cuen adgilTa SenTa mSÂidobiT

(qarT. cx. I, 242,14); ganTxeTqa mefoba Cuen, ganmaSorna taZarsa missa wmindasa da

ugulebels-yo naTesavi Cueni srulad. (qarT. sam. Zeg I, 96,11).

rogorc vxedavT, pirveli obieqturi piris mravlobiTobis niSnad

saSual qarTulSi umTavresad gv-~gu- prefiqsi ixmareba. m- prefiqsis

xmareba mravlobiTis aRsaniSnavad, aq, vfiqrobT, Zveli qarTulis naSTi

unda iyos, rogorc mravlobiTobis aRmniSvneli erT-erTi alomorfi is

Tavisufal monacvleobaSia gv-~gu- morfemebTan da ar aris inkluziur-

eqskluziuri kategoriis gamomxatveli.

46

rac Seexeba axal qarTuls, mravlobiTi ricxvi aRiniSneba gv- prefiqsiT.

is saliteraturo enis normaa rogorc pirdapiri, aseve iribi

obieqtisaTvis. saxelobiTSi dasmuli obieqtis mravlobiToba -en~-n

sufiqsiT saliteraturo enaSi aRarsad aris, Tumca igi mTis

dialeqtebSi jer kidev SemorCenilia. magaliTad:

CeCes sadam, ar Sayarnes muSani (8, gv. 7).

rad ar aWmev, orniv Svilnimc dagixocnav (iqve, gv. 7).

Tvaln amixvivnes (iqve, gv. 16).

iRliis Zirni Camamsivebniyvnes (iqve, gv. 17).

cxrani Zmani amoyaren mucelSiiTa, Tore moklavavo! (iqve, 24).

a.SaniZe wers, 1-li obieqturi piris niSani zmnaSi mudmiv erTisa da imave

saxisaa. aq araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, pirdapiria mimarTeba, Tu

iribi (e.i. pirdapir-obieqturia 1-li piri Tu irib-obieqturi). garCeva

mxolod ricxvis mixedviT xdeba: mxolobiTSia yovelTvis m-,

mravlobiTSi ki yovelTvis gv-. maSasadame, mxolobiTsa da mravlobiTs

Tav-Tavisi niSani aqvs, amitom mravlobiTSi saWiro aRar aris kidev

damatebiT raime niSani, sakmarisia, rom mxolobiTis forma Seicvalos

ise, rom m-s adgilas gv- Caisvas da mravlobiTis forma mzad iqneba.

magaliTebi:

mxolobiTi: m-klavs, m-Wams, m-aqebs, m-aTbobs, m-yavs, m-Zuls, m-cems, m-Wirs, m-

axsovs, m-iyvars, m-eubneba, ga-m-lanZRa, da-m-aTro, ga-m-iyos, Se-m-inaxa mo-m-itana

da misT.

mravlobiTi: gv-klavs, gv-Wams, gv-aqebs, gv-aTbobs, gv-yavs, gv-Zuls, gv-cems, gv-

Wris, gv-axsovs, gv-iyvars, gv-eubneba, ga-gv-lanZRa, da-gv-aTro, ga-gv-iyos, Se-gv-

inaxa, mo-gv-itana da misT. (a. SaniZe, 1973: 182-183)

meore obieqturi piris niSania prefiqsi g-. igi moepoveba rogorc

pirdapir, aseve irib obieqts.

ara aRmo-g-ikiTxavsa wignsa mosÀssa (mr. 12,26).

me gamo-g-irCien Tquen (i. 15,16).

me gan-g-isuene Tquen (m. 11,28).

47

g-locav Sen (l. 14,18).

sefe-kacman mi-g-ces Sen sapyrobiled (l. 12,58).

msajulman mi-g-ces Sen sefe-kacsa (l. 12,58).

Se-g-kribon Sen yovliT kerZi (l. 19,43).

romelman-igi g-xada Sen (l 14,10).

rameTu ÃorcTa da sisxlTa ara gamo-g-icxades (m. 16,17).

ara Tu soflisaTÂs g-kiTxav (i. 17,9).

yovelive raÁca g-nebavs (m. 7,12).

ese yoveli Se-g-eZinos (l. 12,31).

rac Seexeba mravlobiTs, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, Zvel qarTulSi

micemiTSi mdgari saxeli ver iTanxmebda zmnas ricxvSi da gvqonda

Semdegi formebi:

g-iTxra Tquen (mr. 11,29).

me mi-g-avlineb Tquen (m. 10,16).

man mo-g-ca Tquen puri (i. 6,32).

igi Tquen g-nebavs (l. 6,31).

romeli mesma mamisagan, g-auwye Tquen (i. 15,15).

g-iCueno Tquen (l. 12,5).

aRsaniSnavia is, rom pirdapir obieqts II seriis mwkrivebSi hqonda -en~-n

sufiqsi mravlobiTis aRsaniSnavad, iqneboda I, II Tu III pirSi. magaliTad:

migc-n-e-n Tquen krebulebsa (m. 10.17).

saSual qarTulSi viTareba cota gansxvavebulia mravlobiT formebSi.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, am periodSi iwyeba obieqtis mravlobiTobis -en~

-n sufiqsis aRniSvnis rRveva. amasTanave micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli

saxeli iTanxmebs ricxvSi zmnas II da III pirSic. am formebSi saWiro

gaxda mravlobiTis aRniSvna. enam pirdapir gadmoitana subieqturi

pirveli da meore piris mravlobiTobis niSani -T sufiqsi da formebi ase

gaformda:

Zv. qarT.: g-wer me Sen mas saS. qarT.: g-wer me Sen mas

Zv. qarT.: g-wer me Tquen mas saS. qarT.: g-wer-T me Tquen mas

Zv. qarT.: g-iTxra me Sen is saS. qarT.: g-iTxra me Sen is

Zv. qarT.: g-iTxra me Tquen is saS. qarT.: g-iTxra-T me Tquen is

48

asevea axal qarTulSi. mravlobiTSi zmnis forma mTlianad meordeba,

emateba mxolod -T sufiqsi: g-wer-T, g-xatav-T, g-aqeb-T, g-kiTxav-T...

meore obieqturi piris morfemis mixedviT Zveli qarTuli axali

qarTulisagan ar gansxvavdeba. SeiniSneba mxolod ramdenime SemTxveva

pirTa kombinaciebSi, rodesac xdeba meore obieqturi piris

mravlobiTobis aRmniSvneli -T sufiqsis dakargva. kerZod:

1. rodesac gvaqvs kombinacia S3 O2p - am SemTxvevaSi zmnis formis boloSi

mosalodnelia -sT kompleqsi, rac arabunebrivia da daikarga mesame

subieqturi piris morfema -s. amjerad, miviReT forma g-aqv-T<_gaqv-s-T.

es kompleqsi -sT gvxvdeba XVII-XVIII s-iT daTariRebul ZeglebSi da

xelnawerebSi:

RmerTman TquenTa wadilTaebr g-yo-s-T (visr. 180,86).

CemTa laSqarTa ara ga-g-ikiTxe-s-T (amirand. 489,2).

raca gindodesT, ucilod iqmT, igi ar agcildebis (vefx. 1321,3).

vinca gebrZvisT, xrmali Cemi mbrZolTa TqvenTa daacvTebis (iqve, 1035,4).

Tqvenca mun modiT, sadaca gesmasT zriali zarisa (iqve, 1395,4).

kaci-mca maSin Tqven gaxlavsT, ra omman qmnas gaWiroba (iqve, 1401,4).

unda aRiniSnos, rom mTis dialeqtebSi –sT kompleqsi SemorCenilia.

2. g-zrdi-T Cven Tqven (S1p O2p), aq unda gamoxatuliyo rogorc subieqtis,

aseve pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiToba, romelic Tanamedrove qarTulSi

erTi da imave -T sufiqsiT gadmoicema. rogorc cnobilia, geminirebuli

Tanxmovnebi erTi morfemis farglebSi ar aris damaxasiaTebeli

qarTulisaTvis. gviandeli -T, unda vivaraudoT, gaCenisTanave ikargeba _

reduqciis procesi gaCenis simultanuria. amitomac erT-erTi -T sufiqsi

daikarga. ibadeba kiTxva: am kombinaciaSi romeli piris mravlobiTis

niSania dakarguli, subieqtis Tu obieqtis?

Zveli qarTulis mixedviT es forma ase iyo warmodgenili: ga-g-zard-en-

i-T. rogorc viciT, saxelobiTSi dasmuli pirdapiri obieqti yovelTvis

iTanxmebda zmnas ricxvSi. am konkretul SemTxvevaSi -T sufiqsi

subieqtis kuTvnilebaa. vfiqrobT, rodesac pirdapiri obieqtis -en~-n

sufiqsi daikarga, zmnis formaSi mxolod subieqtis mravlobiTis niSani

49

darCeboda da axlac is gamoixateba, miuxedavad imisa, rom saSual qar-

TulSive iwyeba II obieqturi piris ricxvSi SeTanxmebac.

igive viTarebaa orpirian gardauval zmnebSic. gramatikulad es formebi

Semdegnairad Caiwereba: g-zrdi-Ø-T Cven Tqven; g-emalebi-Ø-T Cven Tqven.

amrigad, pirveli da meore obieqturi pirebi rogorc pirdapiri, aseve

iribi zmnis formaSi aRiniSneba saTanado morfemebiT. maT aqvT saerTo

niSnebi: pirveli pirisTvis mxolobiT ricxvSi m-, mravlobiTisTvis – gv-,

meore pirisaTvis mxolobiTSi – g-, mravlobiTSi – g- _ -T.

mesame obieqturi piri

mesame obieqturi piri zmnis formaSi pirveli da meore pirebisagan

gansxvavebiT sxvadasxvagvarad warmogvidgeba.

saenaTmecniero literaturaSi mravali mosazreba arsebobs amis Taobaze.

a.SaniZis cnobil naSromSi `subieqturi prefiqsi meore pirisa da

obieqturi prefiqsi mesame pirisa qarTul zmnebSi~ dawvrilebiT aris

warmodgenili es formebi. avtoris azriT, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba unda

mieniWos imas, obieqti micemiT brunvaSi aris Tu saxelobiTSi. Tu zmnas

damateba saxelobiT brunvaSi aqvs, obieqturi prefiqsebi mas mxolod I

da II pirisaTvis moepoveba, III pirSi mas araviTari niSani ar gaaCnia. III

pirisaTvis gansakuTrebuli obieqturi niSnis Seqmna enas saWirod aRar

daunaxavs, radganac mas axasiaTebs swored obieqturi prefiqsis

uqonloba. rac Seexeba micemiT brunvaSi dasmul irib obieqts, igive

niSani aqvs, rac S2-s _ /x-/ prefiqsi Zvel qarTulSi, romelic

ugamonaklisod gvxvdeba xanmeti periodis yovelgvar zmnaSi, xolo h-~s-

~S-~∅- haemet da momdevno xanis ZeglebSi, romelic im fonetikur

kanonebs emorCileba, rasac S2, kerZod:

1) obieqturi prefiqsi hae xmovnebis win ikargeba;

50

2) d, T, t, Z, c, w Tanxmovnebis win mis adgils iWers sani;

3) j C W Tanxmovnebis win asimilaciis wyalobiT sanis nacvlad SeiZleba

Sini Segvxvdes (a. SaniZe, 1957: 148).

∅ alomorfi gvxvdeba maSin, rodesac kombinaciaSi S2O3ind Tavs iyris

ori erTnairi bgera x-x-, h-h-, sadac erT-erTi yovelTvis ikargeba,

radganac, rogorc araerTxel aRvniSneT, qarTulisaTvis ar aris

damaxasiaTebeli erTi morfemis farglebSi ori erTnairi fonema.

metad sainteresoa a. SaniZis mosazreba O3d piris niSnis xmarebasTan

dakavSirebiT orpirian gardamaval zmnebSi I da II seriaSi. igi gamoyofs

sami tipis zmnebs: `hyofs~, `qadagebs~, `dahbada~ da aRniSnavs, rom I se-

riaSi, awmyoSi, pirdapiri obieqtis mesame piris niSani zmniswinian

formebSi TiTqmis yvelgan aisaxeba, uzmniswinoebSi ki _ ara .

gamonaklisia `hyofs~ tipis zmnebi. amis mixedviT obieqturi piris niSani

warmodgenili iqneba awmyos jgufis formebSi im zmnebTan, romlebic

misdeven `hyofs~ tipis zmnis uRlebas da ar eqneba im formebs, romlebic

misdeven `qadagebs~ tipis zmnis uRlebas. es siWrele, a.SaniZis azriT,

imiT iyo gamowveuli, rom Zvel qarTulSi awmyos jgufis dro-kiloebis

formebi ufro naklebad ixmareboda, vidre namyo srulis jgufisani da

askvnis, rom Zv. saliteraturo qarTuls III obieqturi prefiqsis xmarebis

sakiTxSi awmyos jgufSi aklia is erTsaxeoba, mTlianoba da garkveuli

sistema, romelic mas namyo srulSi amSvenebs (iqve: 95).

rac Seexeba `dahbada~ tipis zmnebs, romelTac haesi da sanis xmareba

sistemebr aqvT gatarebuli, a.SaniZe warmoSobiT sampirian zmnebad Tvlis

da aRniSnavs, rom maT unda hqondeT O3ind (damateba micemiT brunvaSi),

romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi daikarga, magram misi niSani darCa zmnaSi,

e.i. am zmnebs sintaqsuri konstruqcia SeucvliaT, magram axali

konstruqciisaTvis formebis Sefardeba da Segueba morfologiurad ver

mouswriaT. maTi uRleba arafriT gansxvavdeba micemiT damatebian zmnaTa

uRlebisagan. am mosazrebas, avtoris azriT, zurgs umagrebs aseve is

garemoeba, rom aRniSnul zmnebs vnebiTi orpiriani aqvT:

51

dahbada _ daebada, dahnerga _ daenerga,

aRhmarTa _ aRemarTa, dahmarxa _ daemarxa,

dahfla _ daefla, ganhmzada _ ganemzada,

dasTesa _ daeTesa, dahbura _ daebura,

dasTxia _ daeTxia, dahbeWda _ daebeWda...

dahÃSa _ daeÃSa,

amasTanave, aRniSnavs avtori, qarTuli zmnebis uRlebas ZvelTaganve

Tandayolili hqonda iseTi Tviseba, rom advilad SeiZleboda misi

normebis Seryeva da Semdeg darRvevac. amis nimuSia subieqturi da

obieqturi piris niSnebi, romlebic iseT viTarebaSi gvxvdeba, sadac ar

iyo mosalodneli an kidev sul dakargulia iq, sadac saWiroa.

aRniSnuli ukiduresobis saTave Zvel qarTulSia (a. SaniZe, 1957: 179).

arn. CiqobavasTvis mniSvnelovania, romel brunvaSi dgas obieqti. misi

azriT, MO mesame pirisa, Tu micemiTSia (mas _ MO) aRiniSneba prefiqsiT:

x-, h-, s-, S-, ∅-; xolo MO saxelobiTi brunvisaa, mxolobiT ricxvSi (MO

igi) zmnaSi aRiniSneba ∅ formiT, e.i. potencialurad. nuli forma

imdenadve aris forma, ramdenadac daubrkoleblad asrulebs formis

funqcias: ganasxvaos erTi movlena meorisagan (arn. Ciqobava, 1968: 164).

iv. imnaiSvilis azriT, roca O pirdapiri saxelobiTSia, mas niSani ara

aqvs. wesi mtkicea da ugamonakliso. Tu orpirian gardamaval zmnasTan

mainc aris warmodgenili obieqtis niSani, avtori Tvlis, rom is araa

orpiriani, masSi kidev igulisxmeba mesame, iribi obieqturi piri da piris

niSanic mas ekuTvnis (iv. imnaiSvili, v. imnaiSvili,1996: 42).

xolo roca pirdapiri obieqti micemiTSia, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba

eniWeba im garemoebas, zmna zmniswiniT aris warmodgenili Tu

uzmniswinod. zmniswinianebs piris niSani aqvs, uzmniswinoebs _ ara. es

uryevi kanonia. misi azriT, piris niSnis gaCena zmnis formebSi zmniswinis

damatebiT aris gamowveuli da zmniswinis zmnasTan Sexorcebis dros

moxda (iv. imnaiSvili, v. imnaiSvili,1996: 42), magram iseTi zmnis formebs,

romelTac ara aqvs unari dairTos zmniswini da miuxedavad amisa, mainc

aris warmodgenili pirdapiri obieqtis niSani, avtori maT erT-erTi

52

Zveli dialeqtis kuTvnilebad miiCnevs. aseT zmnebs II seriis formebSi

piris niSani ar gadahyvebaT hguems_guema, stanjavs _tanjva, scnobs_cno,

hyofs_yo (iqve: 46).

a. oniani a. SaniZis msgavsad `hyofs~, `qadagebs~ da `dahbada~ tipis zmnebs

calke gamoyofs, xolo danarCen SemTxvevebSi saxelobiTSi dasmuli

mesame arasavaldebulo b piri |∅|-iT aris warmodgenili. aRniSnul sam

jgufSi mesame arasavaldebulo piris morfemis alomorfTa gamovlenis

sxvadasxvagvari wesi ar aris Sepirobebuli saTanado zmnur morfemaTa

fonologiuri struqturiT _ sxvadasxva zmnuri morfemebi, Tundac

msgavsi fonologiuri agebulebisa, sxvadasxva viTarebas gviCveneben. es ki

imas niSnavs, dasZens avtori, rom xanmet teqstebSi |x-| da |∅| alomorfTa

ganawileba morfologiurad aris Sepirobebuli (a. oniani, 1978: 114).

T. gamyreliZis `rangTa~ struqturis mixedviT piris prefiqsuli

morfemebi Zveli qarTuli zmnis struqturaSi, rogorc wesi, erT ujreds

ikaveben, romelic moTavsebulia qcevis, kauzativisa da vnebiTis mawar-

moebel sufiqsTa ujredis win. maTi warmoCenis mixedviT, avtors Semoaqvs

subieqtur-obieqturi piris niSanTa `simZlavris~ cneba. misi azriT, piris

niSanTa warmoCenas zmnis formaSi ganapirobebs subieqtur-obieqturi

pirebis `simZlavre~. ase magaliTad, rodesac kombinirebs O3d da O3ind, am

SemTxvevaSi iribi obieqti ufro `mZlavria~ pirdapir obieqtTan

SedarebiT, amitom zmnis struqturaSi aisaxeba aqtualurad mxolod

{O3ind} x- prefiqsis saxiT, xolo |O3d| niSani ar warmoidgineba: |S3| |O3ind|

|O3d| = →|O3ind| – R – |S3|→x-R-s.

amgvar konstruqciebs, ganagrZobs avtori, unda Seewyo xeli |O3d| niSnis

nulTan gaTanabrebisaTvis (|O3d|→∅) iseT konstruqciebSi, sadac igi ar

kombinirebda O3ind-Tan da sadac kanonzomierad unda warmodgeniliyo |x-|

prefiqsis saxiT. amiT dairRva manamde sistemaSi arsebuli struqturuli

paralelizmi pirdapir da irib-obieqtur mimarTebaTa gamomxatvel

aqtantebs Soris, romlebic pirvel, meore da mesame piris formebSi

maTTvis saerTo |m-|, |g-| da |x-| prefiqsebiT gamoixateboda. T. gamyreliZis

53

azriT, Zveli qarTuli zmnis im sistemaSi, romelic asaxulia `xanmet~

ZeglebSi, gabatonebul normad SeiZleba CaiTvalos ukve {O3d} aqtantis

niSnad zmnaSi ∅- morfemis xmareba, Tumca igi mainc aris warmodgenili

garkveul konstruqciebSi (T. gamyreliZe, 2000: 146).

T. uTurgaiZis azriT, rangTa gamoyofa unda daemyaros kategorialur

princips: calke kategoria calke rangiT unda gamoiyos sqemaSi.

subieqtur pirebs ver gavaerTianebT pirdapir obieqtur da iribobieqtur

pirebTan, radgan pirTa warmodgenil saxeobaTgan TiToeulis

kategorialuri daniSnuleba gansxvavebulia danarCenTagan: S gamoxatavs

iniciators, Od pacienss, Oind ki benefaqtivs (malefaqtivs). S-is

(iniciatoris) kategoriis farglebSi gaerTianebulia paradigmatulad

dapirispirebuli S1 S2 S3 (prefiqsul rangebze msjelobidan gamoiricxeba

S3 da S3 p) radgan isini sufiqsebia Sesabamisad aseTive dapirispireba

gveqneba Od-sa (O1d, O2 d, O3 d, O1 dp) da Oind -s (O1ind, O2ind, O3ind, O1indp)

kategoriebSi S simravlis elementebi advilad gamoirCeva obieqtTa (Od

O ind) simravleebis elementTagan, ufro Znelia Od da Oind simravleebis

elementTa garCeva erTmaneTisagan, radgan TiToeuli jgufis elementebi

gamoxatulebis planSi identuria, magram, miuxedavad amisa, enis sistemaSi

maTi garCeva srulebiTac ar Wirs: 1) orpirian pasivebSi, subieqtis garda,

mxolod Oind - is elementebia warmodgenili; 2) orpirian aqtivebSi ki-

mxolod Od elementebi; 3) sampirian aqtivSi Od da Oind pirTa niSnebis

garCeva xdeba pircvalebadobis mixedviT: obieqtis yvela niSani sampirian

aqtivSi ekuTvnis pircvalebad obieqts. avtori pirucvlels uwodebs im

obieqts, romelic yovelTvis III pirSia, gamoxatulia nulovani

alomorfiT. aseT viTarebaSi S, Od ,Oind erTimeoris gverdze ganlagdebian

prefiqsul monakveTSi, e. i. warmodgenili iqnebian sami rangiT (T.

uTurgaiZe, 2002: 70).

avtoris azriT, pirTa rangebi Semdegnairad ganawildeba: fuZesTan ufro

axlos dgas pirveli obieqtis rangi, mis win, marcxniv, dgas

54

pircvalebadi obieqtis rangi; pirTa Soris marcxena ukiduresi rangi

eqneba subieqts (T. uTurgaiZe, 2002: 71).

sanimuSod avtors mohyavs magaliTi,: gamomayole Sen me mas, sadac

pircvalebadia pirdapiri obieqti da sqematurad aqvs mocemuli rangTa

sistemis elementebi: -1 rangi eqneba kauzativs, -2 eqneba irib obieqts, -3

eqneba subieqts, -4 eqneba pirdapir obieqts, -5 eqneba orientacias, -6 ki

eqneba gezs. amrigad, gamomayole ase Caiwereba ga-mo-m-Ø-Ø-a-yol-e,

sqematurad ki ase warmogvidgeba: -6,-5,-4,-3,-2,-1-R... avtori aRniSnavs, rom

Tu zmnaSi, ar gvxvdeba esa Tu is pirTa mawarmoebeli, es

morfofonematuri cvlilebebis Sedegia (iqve: 71).

Zvel qarTulSi dasturdeba iSviaTi formebi, rogoricaa: Tana-warhxual,

Tana-warxual, Tana-warhual, Tana-warmavalT. amaTgan uZvelesia Tana-

warhxual, erTimeoris gverdiT warmogvidgens iribi obieqtis mesame

piris h-prefiqssa da subieqturi meore piris x- prefiqss. warhxual X s.

ZeglSia (oSkis bibliaSi). avtoris azriT, igi haemetobis dros aris

gaCenili, roca xual forma ukve gaqvavebulia II pirSi, es formebi

daunawevreblad atareben gansazRrul gramatikul mniSvnelobas.

sabolood avtori askvnis,: 1) qarTuli zmnis erT droSi SesaZlebelia

warmodgenili iyos erTi romelobis subieqti, aseve erTi romelobis

pirdapiri obieqti da erTi romelobis iribi obieqti. 2) radgan I da II

pirebi yovelTvis konkretulia, gramatikulad ikrZaleba am romelobis

aqtantTa-subieqtisa da romelime obieqtis an obieqtebis kombinaciebi.

esenia: S1O1d, S2O2d, S1O1ind,..... 3) radgan III piri arakonkretulia, SesaZle-

belia erT formaSi S3 Od3 O3ind, S3p Od3 O3ind da a. S. (iqve: 35).

amdenad, saqme gvaqvs sam kategoriasTan, SeuTavsebloba moxsnilia:

subieqti, pirdapiri obieqti da iribi obieqti erTimeorisagan sruliad

gansxvavebuli kategoriebia da TiToeuli maTgani sakuTari niSnebiTac

aris gamoxatuli. bunebrivia, rangTa sistemaSi yovel maTgans Tavisi

adgili aqvs. e. i. sampiriani zmnis formaSi maTTvis sami rangi unda

gamoiyos, amitom Zveli qarTulis is zmnuri formebi, romelTac,

55

erTimeoris miyolebiT gamoexatebaT prefiqsuli niSnebi (x-u-etyÂ, mi-x-u-

ec, Se-x-u-ab-T), bunebrivia qarTuli zmnisTvis (T. uTurgaiZe, 2002: 34).

amasTanave, ganagrZobs avtori, sampirian zmnebSi gasaTvaliswinebelia

nulovani alomorfebic, romelTac qmnian pirucvleli pirdapiri da

iribi obieqtebi. sampirian zmnebSi materialurad gamoixateba

pircvalebadi obieqtis niSnebi. magaliTisTvis mohyavs “micema” zmna,

sadac SeiZleba iyos erT paradigmaSi pircvalebadi Od, xolo meore

paradigmiT pircvalebadi Oind.

micema zmna, pircvalebadia 0 d

awmyo

I mi-m-cem-s [igi me (01d) sikudilsa]

II mi-g-cem-s

III mi-x-cem-s

wyvetili

I mi-m-c-a [man me (O1d) sikudilsa]

II mi- g- ca

III mi-x-ca

rogorc cnobilia, I seriis zmniswinian formebSi xanmet periodSic da

Semdegac 03d yovelTvis gamoixateboda. mesame pirSi x-, askvnis avtori,

ra Tqma unda, pirdapiri obieqtis niSania da ara iribi obieqtisa. ar

arsebobs raime argumenti imisTvis, rom x-prefiqsi III pirSi ganekuTvnos

pirucvlel irib obieqts (O3ind -s), roca igi ar iyo warmodgenili I da II

pirebSi pircvalebadi pirdapiri obieqtis gverdiT an mis adgilze. mesame

pirSi x- prefiqsis mikuTvneba iribi obieqtisaTvis emyareboda ararealur

debulebas (iqve, 29).

micema zmna, pirvacvalebadia 0 ind

awmyo

I mo-m-cem-s [igi me (01ind) wignsa]

II mo-g-cem-s

III mo-x-cem-s

wyvetili

56

I mo-m-c-a [man me (01ind) wigni]

II mo-g-c-a

III mo-x-c-a

avtori Semdgom askvnis, radgan pirdapirsa da iribs samive pirSi saerTo

niSnebi aqvT, maTi paradigmebi pircvalebadobis mixedviT ar gansxvavdeba

erTimeorisagan. maT Soris gansxvaveba mxolod Sesabamis konversiul

pasivebSia: pircvalebad pirdapirobieqtian zmnaTa konversiuli formebi

pasivSi warmodgenilia subieqturi wyobis formebiT: mimcems _ mi-x-u-

ecemi. pircvalebad iribobieqtian zmnaTa konversiuli formebi ki pasivSi

gasagebi mizezis gamo warmodgenilia obieqturi wyobis formebiT:

momcems ~ momecemis, mogcems ~ mogecemis, moxcems-moxecemis. rogorc ki

pircvalebad pirdapirobieqtian aqtivTa Semobruneba xdeba pasivad,

maSinve iribi obieqti Tavis niSans warmoaCens zmnaSi. radgan es obieqti

yovelTvis mesame pirSi idga aqtivis formebSi, bunebrivia, maT

konversiul pasivebSi igi mxolod x- prefiqsiT iqneba warmodgenili

yvelgan:

mi-m-c-a - mi-x-u-ec

mi-g-c-a - mi-x-ec (<_*mi-x-x-ec).

mi-x-c-a - mi-x-ec-a (T. uTurgaiZe, 2002: 31).

vfiqrobT, rom pirdapirsa da irib obieqts samive pirSi erTnairi niSnebi

hqonda. es naTlad Cans I da II pirSi. aseve iyo is III pirSic, rasac

masalac adasturebs.

mocemulia magaliTebi Zveli qarTuli samwerlobo Zeglebidan, sadac

Od3 piris niSnad |x-| an |h-| prefiqsi aris I seriis zmniswinian, uzmniswino

da aseve II seriis formebSic:

I seria, zmniswiniani formebi:

romeli ara Se-x-krebs Cem Tana, igi gan-x-abnevs (m. 12,30).

sxuaÁ vinme da-x-amtkicebda (l. 22, 59).

odes pasqasa mas da-h-klvides (mr. 14, 12).

57

aRdgen Svilni mama-dedaTa maTTa z~a da mo-h-klviden maT (m. 10, 21).

arca friadi sicxÀ Se-s-wuavs maT (gr. xanZT. kb 10-11).

romelni Se-x-Wamen saxlsa qurivTasa (l. 20, 47).

dedaman mis yrmisaman wariyvana igi gzasa, romelsac war-h-vlida mamaÁ

epifane (gr. xanZT. 7).

r~ni igi xarksa Se-h-krebdes (m. 17, 24).

r~i ara Se-h-krebs Cem Tana, igi ganabnevs (m. 12, 30).

mravalTa gan-h-kurnebda (mr. 3,10).

ganv-h-fen winaSe Sensa locvasa Cemsa (haem. T. mr. 179).

WeSmaritTa qristianeTa mwvalebeli mRdeli ver mo-h-naTlavs (gr.xanZT., oe

19-20).

gan-s-wmends y~lsa Wamadsa (mr. 7,19).

taZari, r~i gan-s-wmeds oqrosa mas (m. 23, 17).

gamo-s-cdida mas (m. 22, 35).

aRv-s-wer saqmeTa (warty. ierus. a. 20).

da-h-yrides samoselsa maTsa yovelni (haemet, t. mt, 142).

I seria, uzmniswino formebi:

Tana-warmavalni igi x-gmobdes mas (mr. 15,29).

vidoda da x-adidebda RmerTsa (l. 13,13).

daxasxmida maT zeda ÃelTa da x-akurTxevda maT (mr. 10, 16).

RmerTi x-zrdis maTY(l. 12, 24).

angelozni maTni maradis x-xedven (m.18,10).

h-yofda farulad kurnebaTa mravalTa (gr. xanZT. 13).

CuenTÂs vedrebasa h-yofen (gr. xanZT 13).

h-yofden niSebsa da saswaulebsa (mr . 13, 22).

h-povebs qriste (gr. xanZT, kg 52).

v-h-poebmca madlsa w~e Tq~nsa (SeqmnaTaБ 34, 11).

dRÀsaswaulisa maTisa SemamkobelTa h-farven maradis (gr. xanZT. pd. 15_16).

qalwuli dRes umetÀssa arssa h-Sobs da queyanaÁ qebasa miuwdomelisa

Seswirven (haem. t. 17).

Rrubeli naTlisaÁ h-farvida maT (m. 17.5).

s-cvides mas mun (m. 27, 36).

h-kicxavdes mas (mr. 10, 34).

58

Zlierad h-guemda texiTa borotiTa (gr. xanZT nd 8_9).

r~i aRmoikiTxvides, s-cnobdin (mr. 13, 14).

II seriis formebi:

gan-x-uteva eri igi (m. 14, 23).

romelman gan-x-aRos saSoÁ, wmida uflisa xewodos (l. 2.23).

kacman da-s-Tesis Tesli queyanasa (mr. 4, 26).

nergi ara da-x-nerga mamaman Cemman zecaTaman (m. 15, 13).

da-x-asrulna iesu igavni ese (m. 13, 52).

mo-x-agorva lodi didi (m. 27, 60).

rameTu cocxlebiT mo-x-iyvana igi (l. 15, 27).

x-iwyo sircxÂliT ukanaÁsknelsa adgilsa dapyrobad (l. 14,9).

romelman gan-x-mzadnes gzani Senni (m. 11, 10).

romelman mo-x-wyÂden winaswarmetyuelni (l. 13, 34).

romelman mi-x-iyvanis cxovrebad (m. 7, 14).

war-x-asrulna iesu sityuani ese (m. 7,28).

romelman da-s-Tesa Tesli keTili (m. 13, 24).

aR-h-kazma igi gansvlad sameufod TÂsad (boln. 135, 18).

raÁTa qalwulebaÁ TÂsi da-h-marxos ubiwod (warty. 25, 8).

romelman... da-h-Ãsna simtkice jojoxeTisaÁ (warty. 51, 15).

gan-h-finna sasmenelni TÂsni (mr. 256, 18).

da-h-krZales kari eklesiisaÁ (sin. 70, 20).

gan-h-oÂtevne oÂzmani vanad (mr. 40r, 9).

da moavlina da mo-h-kueTa Tavi iovanes sapyrobilesa Sina (m. 10 r, 13).

romelman da-h-badna cani sityuiTa,.... RmrTisa deda iwode (haem. mr, 91).

rogorc vxedavT, mocemul magaliTebSi I seriisa (zmniswinian da

uzmniswino) da II seriis mwkrivebis formebSi Od3 niSani warmodgenilia

|x-|, |h-| ∼|s-|∼|S-| morfemebiT.

gvinda gavamaxviloT yuradReba `dahbada~ tipis zmnebze, romelTac a.

SaniZe, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, warmoSobiT sampirian zmnebad Tvlis,

radgan maT e-niani vnebiTi SeesatyvisebaT. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT l.

nozaZis mosazrebas, rom es pasivebi erTpiriania da e- prefiqsi

59

warmoSobiT pirTa raodenobasTan ar iyo dakavSirebuli (l. nozaZe,1958),

maSin cxadia, rom h- niSani Od3-is kuTvnilebaa da es zmnebi Tavidanve

orpiriani iyo. pasivebis, eniani formebis erTpirianobas mowmobs Semdegi

magaliTebic, romelic mocemuli aqvs i. imnaiSvils (iv. imnaiSvili, v.

imnaiSvili, 1996: 325_331):

dRes aRmohbrwyindi saflaviT, romelsaca Sina daebeWde (sas. p. 277, 137).

romel-igi gzasa zeda daeTesa (m. 13, 19).

sada-igi daeTesnes sityuani (mr. 4,15 ).

arca iqadian da arca ekazmebian pirvel saqmisa (swav. 255, 10).

meyseulad aRemarTa dedakaci igi (l. 13, 13).

maSinRa me, gamalul, Semdgomad missa aRvesrule da davemarxe... zejTa

samarxvosa mas stefanÀssa (sin. 65, 23).

xolo aw Cuen ganvemzadebodeT da xvale, orSabaTsa viwyoT marxva (boln,

16, 3).

romeli ara ganemzados nebisaebr misisa (l. 12, 47).

raÁsaTvis daenergvis, romelsa nayofi ara gamoaqus (boln. 18, 6).

aRifxuer da daenerge zRuasa Sina (l. 17,6).

aResrula Tqmuli igi ieremia winaswarmetyuelisaÁ (m. 27, 9).

viTarca aRxesrulnes dReni igi rvani (l. 2, 21).

Cveni sarwmunoebaÁ ganefinebis yovelsa adgilsa (udabn, 31_6).

mokuda mdidarica da daefla (l. 16, 22).

xolo qristeman ubrZana queyanasa, da ganeRo da danTqa eSmaki igi (evst. 170,

16).

arca suli misi daeyena jojoxeTs (TualT. 48, 7).

daeyena sikudili (fs. 105, 30).

ormeoc da equssa welsa aReSena taZari ese (i. 2, 20).

ara mouZlurda, arca dahÃsnda (kim. II, 23, 37).

dahÃsndes ZarRuni mklavTa misTani (gr. xanZT. 145, 17).

daeÃSa kari (m. 25, 10).

odes-igi daeÃSnes cani sam wel da equs TTue (l. 4, 25).

aris iseTi zmnis formebi (aRxesrulnes (igini), dahÃsnda (igi)), sadac

mocemulia subieqturi mesame piris niSnis garda obieqturi mesame piris

niSani x-. zmna erTpiriania, vnebiTi gvaris. vfiqrobT, aq igive viTarebaa,

rac x-iyo, x-idva, x-isxnes zmnis formebSi, sadac x- prefiqsi aqtivTa

60

pirdapiri obieqtis kuTvnilebaa, romelic konversiul vnebiTSi gadahyva

zmnas da piris niSanTa siWarbe amiT aixsneba.

Cveni azriT, Zvel qarTulSi mesame pirdapirobieqturi piris niSnis

xmarebas mkacri morfonologiuri kanonebi ar icavda. ena Tavisuflad

xmarobda aRniSnul prefiqsebs. amitom es prefiqsebi gvxvdeba an ar

gvxvdeba rogorc saxelobiTi, aseve micemiTi brunvis formiT

warmodgenil saxelebTan. amdenad, `qadagebs~, `hyofs~ da `dahbada~ tipis

zmnebis calke jgufebad gamoyofa ar migvaCnia saWirod.

amrigad, Zveli qarTuli masalis mixedviT savaraudoa, rom Od da Oind

aqtantebs erTgvari niSnebi hqondaT I, II da III pirSic.

rac Seexeba saSual qarTuls, mesame pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSani

sakmaod xSirad gvxvdeba:

ver gamo-s-Tqvams simravlesa ena (vef-ni, 1646, 2).

viTa cxensa Sara grZeli da gamo-s-cdis didi rbeva (vef-ni, 13, 1).

fridon kacsa darCeulsa saTanaod garda-s-Tvlida (vef-ni, 1491, 3).

Cemgan imedsa garda-s-wyveds (vef-ni, 360, 3).

ar gav-s-tex miss qadebulsa (vef-ni, 851, 4).

xorcTa SenTa suli ga-h-yo (vef-ni, 258, 2).

rome ver ga-h-yris culebi (vef-ni, 1451, 3).

RmerTi ar ga-s-wiravs kacsa (vef-ni, 951, 4).

igi ga-h-xdis wamis-yofiT (vef-ni, 792, 4).

v-h-gmob kacsa augiansa (vef-ni, 798, 2).

saboZvarsa vin da-s-Tvalavs (vef-ni, 1646, 1).

mze mnaTobsaca da-h-faravs (vef-ni, 1411, 3).

uwyloba h-klavs (vef-ni, 919, 3).

merme Tavsa h-krZalavs laRi (vef-ni, 397, 4).

savaWroTa yovlniT h-kreben (vef-ni, 1067, 3).

h-kocnides xrmalsa da salte-kotasa (vef-ni, 611, 4).

rac Seexeba O3d niSans axal qarTulSi, saliteraturo enis normis

mixedviT mas III pirSi niSani ara aqvs, magram vxvdebiT ramdenime zmnas,

sadac swored normebis mixedviT dadgenilia O3d piris niSani:

61

ga-s-tans _ ga-s-tana _ ga-s-tanos

ga-s-wevs _ ga-s-wia _ ga-s-wios

a-s-wevs _ a-s-wia _ a-s-wios

gamo-s-cems _ gamo-s-ca _ gamo-s-ces

ga-s-cems _ ga-s-ca _ ga-s-ces

da-s-Zens _ da-s-Zina _ da-s-Zinos (1, 144).

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom pirdapiri obieqtis III piris niSans vxvdebiT

Tanamedrove mwerlebis nawarmoebebSic:

mrisxane mouravi... Ronivrad h-kafavs marjvniv da marcxniv (m. mosuliSvili,

gedebi TovlqveS, 96).

verc-erTi vai-patrioti ver da-s-Txzavs, Tu rogor gamohkidebia erTi

xrmliani qarTveli aT dazafrul TaTars (m. mosuliSvili, iqve, 95).

zvavebi...ukana fSavTanac s-Wrian gzas (m. mosuliSvili, 118).

SemTqmels, vinac SeTqmul Wedilas h-klavs, sanTlebic moaqvs (m.

mosuliSvili, 132).

mipasuxa da da-s-Zina, sikvdili xom Sveba iqneboda imisTviso (m.

mosuliSvili, 121).

`samzeosTvin amo-h-krefamda,

Rimmoreuli acqerdeboda

misTvin sanukvarT...

TrTolviT da-h-klevda, dahRiRinebda~ (T. arabuli, literat. palitra, #1,

47).

`sxivTmoqsoilni, svilisferani,

RiRiniT s-Tvlidnen..~ (T. arabuli, iqve, 47).

isic ar icis, ... saWmelia Tu sasmeli da salonsa s-texs (i. babunaSvili,

literat. palitra, #12, 5).

maxinjma Joram Wori da-h-yara (i. babunaSvili, iqve, 5).

rogorc imTaviTve fiqrobda, fardebs gada-s-wevda da Sexedavda (i.

babunaSvili, iqve, 4).

ram mo-h-kla Cemi bavSvobis dosti, avadmyofobda? (i. babunaSvili, iqve, 6).

isev s-cada wamodgoma (i. babunaSvili, iqve, 8).

iqneba dRes vinmem ukve gamo-s-cada Tavisi bedi?! (i. babunaSvili, iqve, 12).

mere im paemanze sigarets amoiRebs da mo-s-wevs (n. anTaZe, iqve, 38).

62

biWma gaqceva s-cada, magram am dros haerSi orma danam ielva da kvnesis xma

gaisma (n. anTaZe, gv. 40).

garda am SemTxvevebisa O3d niSani gamoixateba sampirian formebSi, sadac

iribi obieqti pirucvlelia, pirdapiri obieqti ki _ pircvalebadi.

dRevandel qarTulSi mesame pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSani

dialeqtebSic ixmareba. mTis dialeqtebSi TiTqmis yvelgan gvxvdeba:

xeebs ma-s-Wrian kacebi (i. gigineiSvili, v.Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 5).

mamkalT Sa-x-yrian kaisdros qal-vaJT (iqve: 5).

yanasa Taod ma-x-mkian (iqve: 5).

oÃSmobisas da-x-kvlen Tikans (iqve: 6).

zamTris dasTulisas gazafxul da-x-qsoven tolebs, memr ga-s-Telven tols

(iqve: 7).

saklavebs sabalaxeCiiT aiyvanen, or-sams da-x-kvlen di-dideebs, da-x-kefen,

Ca-x-yrian ÃarCavalCi (iqve: 7).

verc mamuls ma-x-Ãnavs Tavisas (iqve: 12).

rom dav-h-patiJoT am sovdagars (iqve: 182).

warmodgenili magaliTebis miuxedavad, Tanamedrove enaSi pirdapiri

obieqtis III piris niSnad ZiriTadad ∅ alomorfi unda vivaraudoT. es

ukanaskneli savsebiT misaRebia enisTvis, radgan xerxdeba formaTa

gansxvaveba. igi upirispirdeba I da II pirs, romlebic garkveuli niSnebiT

aris gamoxatuli. suraTi msgavsia meore subieqturi piris niSnisa,

romlis nulovani alomorfiT gamoxatva I da III piris niSanTa arsebobiT

aris ganpirobebuli. sabolood, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom pirdapiri

obieqtis mesame piris niSani axal qarTulSi aris s- da Ø-. piris

niSnebis gamoxatva zmnis formaSi kategoriaTSoris sistemaSi

urTierTmimarTebiT aris ganpirobebuli, rasac aregulirebs

morfologia.

axla ganvixiloT, Tu ra viTareba iyo Zvel qarTulSi, rodesac

pirdapiri obieqti III pirSi mravlobiTi formiT iyo warmodgenili.

amasTan dakavSirebiT a. SaniZe wers, pirdapir-obieqturi piris

mravlobiTi ricxvi asaxulia zmnaSi im SemTxvevaSi, Tu zmna II seriis

63

mwkrivSi dgas da masTan Sewyobili pirdapiri obieqti n-arian

mravlobiTSia; misi niSania -en da -n, miRebuli e xmovnis amoRebiT (a.

SaniZe, 1976: 66).

magaliTi: pird. ob. mx.-Sia pird. ob. mr-Sia

(igi) (igini)

mx. ricxvi 1.3. vixile vixilen 3.1. mixila

2.3. ixile ixilen 3.2. gixile

3.3. ixila ixilna 3.3. ixila

mr. ricxvi 1.3. vixileT vixilen(i)T 3.1. guixilna

2.3. ixileT ixilen(i)T 3.2 gixilna

3.3. ixiles ixilnes 3.3. ixilna

am mxriv suraTi naTelia da aSkara. rodesac pirdapiri obieqti narian

mravlobiTSia da II seriaSi, igi zmnas iTanxmebs ricxvSi, romel pirSic

ar unda iyos obieqti.

magaliTebi:

eSmakman gamogiTxovna Tquen aRcrad. (adiS. 150 , 2).

aw Tqven siyvarulman mogiyvanna aqa (gr. xnZT. 22).

gtanjviden Tqven da winaSe mTavarTa da mefeTa migiyvannes Tquen CemTÂs

(abo 4822 ).

da ganmaaxlna Cuen pirvelsave saxesa uxrwnelsa mowyalebiT (sas. poez. nT

19).

aRdga da Tana aRmadginna [Cuen] (sax. poez sJT 7).

etyodes ro miÃsnen Cuen r~ warvwymdebiT (oTxTavi 386).

qristeman Cuen gangvaaznaurna. (gr. xanZT. m 23).

brZanebaman qristÀsman Segukribna dRes (gr. xanZT. oa34).

romeli mosvlad xar gansjad soflisa, Segviwyalen Cuen. (sas. poez. so 5).

raÁTa mowyale gueqmnes.. da SegÂwyalnes Cuen (abo 5314).

rac Seexeba micemiTSi mdgari obieqtis mravlobiTobas, pirdapirisa Tu

iribis, Zv. qarTulSi III pirSi ar aRiniSneboda zmnaSi.

mag: aqunda maT monageTa simravlÀ auracxeli (saba 4).

64

ara Seexnes sazrdelsa mas da arca hnebavs maT Wamad (saba 1724).

qvaÁ da kiri friad SoriT moaqunda ZnelTa maT gzaTa kacTa zurgiTa... (gr.

xanZT. lg 27).

y~lTa r~lTa esmoda daukvirdeboda sityvaTaÁ maT (adiS. 106T).

xolo maT uxaroda da ulocavdes sarwmunoebiT SemomwirvelTa (gr. xanZT.

iz. 25).

WeSmaritisa naTlisa samoseli hmosia simdabliTa sarwmunoÁTa SemjobilTa

mravalTa Soris ZmaTa amaT (gr. xnZT. ng. 4).

ukÂrda uRmrToTa maT simÃnÀ igi misi (kim. 38.17).

Tqva iovane ars saxeli magisi da ukÂrda y~lTa (adiS. 104 b1. 2, gv. 78).

rogorc cnobilia, mesame iribi obieqtis piris niSani Zvel qarTulSi

iyo x- prefiqsi, romelic yovelgvar zmnaSi iyo warmodgenili, Semdgom

periodSi – h- prefiqsi da s-, S-, Ø- alomorfebi. moviyvanT magaliTebs:

mo-x-guares mas eSmakeuli brmaÁ da yruÁ (m. 12, 22).

monasa Cemsa x-ubrZana (m. 8, 9).

romeli gamo-x-ekueTa kldesa (m. 27, 60).

ese sam gzis gamo-x-ucxada iesu mowafeTa TÂsTa (i. 21, 14).

viTarca x-esma ese mowafeTa, gan-x-ukÂrda friad (m. 9, 25).

romelsa Ãeli ganÃmel x-edga (mr. 3, 1).

romeli x-Tnavs sulsa Cemsa (m. 12, 18).

man naTel-x-ces suliTa wmidiTa (i. 1, 33).

romelTa mo-x-cen mas nayofi (m. 21, 41).

mi-x-ca maT Zali (l. 9, 1).

mas da-h-vedra saba wmidisa wesisa daweraÁ (gr. xanZT. 51).

mo-S-Wra xes rtoÁ da misTanani (Zv. sas. poez).

h-rques mowafeTa misTa (m. 9, 11).

h-kiTxa dedasa TÂssa (mr. 6, 24).

mravlobiTi ricxvi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, micemiT brunvaSi dasmul

obieqts Zvel qarTulSi ar aReniSneba zmnaSi. magaliTebi:

mi-x-ca maT Zali (l. 9, 1).

WeSmaritebisa naTlisa samoseli h-mosia simdabliTa sarwmunoÁTa

SemkobilTa mravalTa Soris ZmaTa amaT (gr. xanZT. ng. 4).

65

ese sam gzis gamo-x-ucxada iesu mowafeTa TÂsTa (i. 21, 14).

qvaÁ da kiri friad SoriT moaqunda ZnelTa maT gzaTa kacTa zurgiTa (gr.

xanZT. lg. 27).

da hetyoda maT igavsa... (haem. teqst. 385).

xolo maT uxaroda da ulocvides sarwmunoebiT SemomwirvelTa (gr. xanZT.

iz, 25).

xolo farisevelTa viTar esma... Sekrbes erTad (adiS. 48).

ityodes v~d Sen xar q~À ZÀ R~Á da Sehrisxna maT...(haem. t. 381).

hiyo simonisi da hoÂbrZana maT...(haemet. t. 382).

rogorc cnobilia, Zvel qarTulSi saxelobiTSi dasmuli nariani saxeli,

subieqti iqneboda Tu pirdapiri obieqti, zmnas yovelTvis iTanxmebda

ricxvSi, rac iyo Zveli qarTulis norma, eb-iani ki ver iTanxmebda. XII s-

dan eb-iani warmoebis gaZliereba narianTan SedarebiT iwvevs

saxelobiTis uflebebis Sesustebas da micemiTis sintaqsuri Zalis

gaZlierebas. aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom samecniero literaturidan

cnobilia isic, rom eb-iani saxelobiTi rig SemTxvevebSi aRniSnulia

zmnaSi: gardavixileniT guamebi igi m~wmTaÁ, (kim 429), zuarakebi Cemi da

usxebi Cemi daklul arian (oTxT.126) (arn. Ciqobava, 1968: 209; i. imnaiSvili,

1957: 305-309).

arn. Ciqobavas azriT, aseTi gansxvaveba narian da ebian saxelebs Soris

imiT iyo gamowveuli, rom pirveli organulad ukavSirdeboda zmnaSi

mravlobiTobis mesame piris niSans: en//an sufiqsebs, romlebic

istoriulad mravlobiTobis niSnad unda iqnes miCneuli, xolo –eb

sufiqsi sul sxva formaciisaa da sxva dialeqturi wridan momdinareobs.

sainteresoa, rom misi ekvivalenti sufiqsi mravlobiTisa qarTul zmnaSi

ar moipoveba. Aam mxriv Zvel qarTulSi micemiTi brunva da eb-iani

saxelobiTi erTnair sintaqsur Zalas amJRavneben: arc erTi iTanxmebs

zmnas mravlobiTSi da arc meore (arn. Ciqobava, 1968: 270-277).

saxelobiTSi mdgari pirdapiri obieqti mxolod gardamavali zmnis

kuTvnilebaa. Aarn. Ciqobava aRniSvnas, rom gardamavali zmna gulisxmobs

obieqtis upiratesobas subieqtTan SedarebiT, rac niSandoblivia

klasovani uRvlilebisaTvis. zmna mxolod subieqts aRniSnavs, eTanxmeba

66

obieqts klasisa da ricxvis mixedviT. Mmisi azriT, Zvel qarTulSi

gardamaval zmnaTa saxelobiTSi dasmuli obieqti imitom eTanxmeboda

zmnas mravlobiT ricxvSi, rom es iyo gadmonaSTi klasovani uRlebisa

(arn. Ciqobava, 1976: 10-17).

Zvel qarTulTan SedarebiT saSual qarTulSi saxelobiTSi mdgari

obieqtis mravlobiTobis -en sufiqsiT aRniSvna zmnaSi TandaTanobiT

Sesustda, magram mainc xSiria am sufiqsiT gamoxatul saxelTa

SeTanxmeba zmnasTan mravlobiT ricxvSi. magaliTad:

gamovides mindorad, Semoivlnes sarafardani, Sekazmnes fareSTa da sxvaTa

msaxurTa walkotni (visram 35,18).

fridon kacni daabrunna mosasxmelad aqlemisad (vefx. 1501,1).

asmaT hkadra: ,,madli RmerTsa vardni vnaxen ar-dazrulni (vefx, 1452, 4).

maswavlnes maTni saqmeni, maxltunvebdian, mwvrTnidian (vefx, 1393,2).

dadrka skamni Semostyorcna, hkrna kedelsa, Sealewna (vefx. 762,1).

me Senni ymani ara davÃocen, Sen Cemni rad dahÃoceno?! (amiran 354,6).

mravalni tanjvani SeamTxÂvnes, raTa WeSmariti aRiaros (qarT, cx. II, 200, 12).

dRe da Rame gulisa eubneboda da Tvalni ver daixuWnis (visr. 65,23).

RmerTman gaamravlnes simxiarulisa dRenni Tqvenni (visr. 171,12).

RmerTman mas hkiTxnes bralni da codvani Tqvenni (qarT. sam. Zeg. II, 45).

RmerTman Tquen dagbadna (visr. 41,19).

mzeman Cvenman Suqni srulad dagviZvirna (vefx. 828,2).

amad SevSindi, Roneni veRara movagvareniT (iqve, 1208,3).

avTandil madli ubrZana: cecxlni damivsen cxelani (iqve, 1249,3).

mivides, hkadrnes mefesa saqmeni dasagvanani (iqve, 188,4).

Sesapyroblad Sevuzaxen, spani srulad damixocna (iqve, 111,2).

moÁ, moyvareTa dammarxeT, miwani momayareniT (iqve, 283,4).

Zmano, vin xarT? mekobreTa dagamsgavsen! (iqve 199,1).

-en sufiqsiT gamoxatuli pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiToba zmnaSi ar

aisaxeba sakmaod xSirad. erTsa da imave werilobiT ZeglebSi gvxvdeba

rogorc -en sufiqsiani, aseve usufiqsoc. aq albaT, gadamwyveti roli

gadamwers miekuTvneba, kerZod, ras uwevs angariSs gadamweri _ Zveli

qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebs, Tu cocxal metyvelebas?

67

magaliTebi: eqvsni rame cxenosanni, naxa, misken movidodes (vefx. 197, 2).

gagzavne kacni yovelgniT misTa ambavTa mcnobeli (vefx. 36, 115).

meniSna, davrTe nebani, TanxmobiT Tavi ukaro (besiki, 88,a).

TavmoxriT vnaxe iani, sxivni hklebodes mizani (iqve, 60).

rCeulni didebulni Tana waitanis (amirand, 362, 2).

Citebman Seqmnis galoba, simRera, WikWikobani (arCili, 304, 2).

egzom tirda, misawyliTa usulonic moiyenis (visram, 431,2).

yovelman kacman cnas Cemni saqmeni (visram, 233, 8).

davibaroT sruliad qarTvelni (qarT. cx. II. 406, 9).

ganmaTavebelni amisni RmerTman akurTxos (ist. sab, 158).

vin vis uswrobda, morbodes.. viTa vTqva maTi mkobani (besiki, 82, 6-4).

da Tavni moviklaT da gulsa laxvari gavawonoTa? (Teim. I, iosebizilix, 291, 4).

da Jamni maTni saWironi gauxado saqorwilad (arCil, visram, 204,3).

aw momec simravleni spaTa TquenTani (qarT. cx. II, 329,32).

aw miTxariT Tquenni naqmarni (amirand., 607,4).

egreca Seinaxe isi orni grZneulni (visr. 140,25).

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac zmnaSi warmodgenilia -en mravlobiTobis

morfema, magram misi fardi saxeli mxolobiTSia:

ukanaman wina naxna davardnili Sigan Wasa (vefx, 256,3).

misi veSapisa tyavisa sagdebeli saRrtilsa daikidna (amirand 734,7).

da sxuaman veravin gabedna qarTvelman.. wasvla (qarT. cx. I, 342, 22).

kurTxeul xar Sen, ufalo, romelman STarivne dRe Ramesa Sigan (qarT. sam.

Zeg. II, 345).

miswerneT wigni, sadac ver miswvdeT, ver mixvideTa (vef. 116, 4).

-en sufiqsiani pirdapiri obieqti, romelic Zvel qarTulSi yovelTvis

iTanxmebda zmnas ricxvSi, -eb niSniT gaformebuli veRar iTanxmebs

Semasmenels ricxvSi. rogorc cnobilia, zmna eTanxmeba -ebian

saxelobiTs im SemTxvevaSi, roca igi realur subieqts warmoadgens,

kerZod, roca aqtiur subieqts, adamians aRniSnavs, xolo obieqtad

xmarebisas -eb-iani saxelobiTi zmnas ver iTanxmebs ricxvSi (arn. Ciqobava,

1933: 36-37).

68

saSuali qarTulis masalaSi III iribi obieqturi piris mravlobiToba

morfologiurad xan aRiniSneba, xan _ ara. es damokidebulia imaze, Tu

ras gamoxatavs micemiTSi dasmuli saxeli. realurad moqmedi, aqtiuri

saxelis mravlobiToba zmnaSi ufro aRiniSneba da, piriqiT, realurad

umoqmedo, pasiuri saxeli aRuniSvneli rCeba. Tumca es ar aris erTi

mtkice norma da gvxvdeba TviT am wesis SigniTac gadaxvevebi (m.

meliqiZe, 48).

mravlobiTSi mdgari III piris iribi obieqti ver iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi.

magaliTebi:

Seuyvarda erTmaneTi, swvides miwyiv gulsa dagni (vefx. 670, 3).

visi, ramin da Sehroz, viTa maT swadda, egre ixarebdes (visr. 123, 6).

TquenTa uyvars erTmaneTi, qali mas da igi qalsa (vefx. 1521, 1).

frCxilTa arwivni natrides, ajirTa hqondes yriloba (besiki 85, 26-3).

omi, Tqvenman mzeman, yovelTa daaviwyda (amirand. 343, 9).

ra igi gaqra, sxvaT Sexvda mis cecxls Cavardna mdage ra (besiki, 126, 29).

da maT gaurisxda ufali, ra karg saqmezed gmirobdes. (Teimuraz I,

iosebizilix 36, 4).

mognaxes, gZebnes yovelgan, maT ruka dauweria (vefx., 291,2).

maSin Tqven gewyina naxva miwisa Senisa (iqve, 1504,1).

Tqven gqondes omni ficxeli, uomrad mnaxos me viTa (iqve, 1402,3).

III pirSi ricxvSi SeTanxmeba gamoiwvia micemiTSi dasmuli saxelis

funqciis gaZlierebam (e.w. inversiul zmnaSi). xSiria iseTi SemTxvevebi,

roca zmnaSi erTdrouladaa gamovlenili subieqtis mxolobiTi ricxvis

-s da obieqtis mravlobiTobis aRmniSvneli -T sufiqsi. aseTi SemTxvevebi

Cndeba XVI-XVII ss-dan. magaliTebi:

meufeo, daumalavsT ese saqme SenTvis (sam. Zegl. II, 694,-7).

Senma gaxeTqvam eSxi mohklavsT Senis welisa! (besiki,98,3).

imaT zamTrisa ricxviT mal gauqardesT sulio (Teimuraz II, 118);

sxvaTa xelmwifeTa, arca Tu sizmrad ocnebobdesT egedeni sikeTe misi (iqve,

139).

vin aseTi ra moiparos, eklesiis Sesawirvad undodesT da jer ar SeewirosT

(sam. Zeg. I, 76).

69

Tu gayra mougÃdebisT, erTmanerTs uangariSeben da cudad ar SeurCebisT

(iqve, 507).

-sT kompleqsi ukve saSual qarTulSive iwyebs gamartivebas da -s

ikargeba, rac gamowveuli iyo fonetikuri procesiT. XVIII saukunidan

TiTqmis aRar gvxvdeba saliteraturo qarTulSi.

axal qarTulSi mas Semdeg, rac zmnis formaSi daikarga saxelobiTSi

dasmuli pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobis aRniSvna -en sufiqsiT da

dasustda saxelobiTi brunvis sintaqsuri Zala ricxvSi SeTanxmebis

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT da gaZlierda micemiTi, enaSi mTlianad Seicvala

ricxvis gamoxatvis sistema. prioritetuli gaxda sulieri saxeli,

gansakuTrebiT adamiani, magram aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom es procesi

sabolood Camoyalibebuli ar aris, radgan am mxriv sakmaod siWrelea

enaSi. es naTlad Cans pirTa kombinaciebSi, rac gansakuTrebul Seswavlas

moiTxovs. erTi SexedviT ki aseTi suraTi warmogvidgeba: I da II pirTa

kombinaciebSi obieqturi pirebi (ganurCevlad brunvisa) ricxvs

gamoxataven zmnaSi.

magaliTad,

me g-zrdi Sen; is m-zrdis me;

me g-zrdi-T Tqven; is gv-zrdis Cven;

Sen m-zrdi me; is g-zrdis Sen;

Sen gv-zrdi Cven; is g-zrdi-T Tqven;

rac Seexeba mesame obieqtur pirs, aq umTavresad ara gvaqvs SeTanxmeba.

yovelive zemoTqmulis mixedviT, obieqturi piris niSanTa cxrils ase

warmovadgenT:

70

Zveli qarTuli

iribi obieqti pirdapiri obieqti saxelobiTSi

mx. r. mr. r. mx. r. mr. r.

I m- m- I m- m- _ -en~-n

gu- gu- _ -en~-n

II g- g- II g- g- _ -en~-n

III x-~h-~s-~Ø- _ x-~h-~s-~Ø- _ III x-~h-~s-~Ø- _ x-~h-~s-~Ø- _-en~-n

axali qarTuli

iribi obieqti pirdapiri obieqti

mx. r. mr.r. mx.r. mr.r.

I m- _ gv- _ I m- _ gv- _

II g- _ g- _ -T II g- _ g- _ -T

III h-~s-~Ø- _ h-~s-~Ø- _ -T, -Ø III s-~Ø- _ s-~Ø- _ -T, -Ø

71

Tavi IV

subieqturi da obieqturi piris

niSnebi dialeqtebSi

qarTuli zmnis pirebisa da pirianobis gansazRvra, garda Zveli

samwerlobo qarTulisa da Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTulis

monacemTa Sejerebisa, Sinagani dinamikis gamWvirvaled daxasiaTebisaTvis

moiTxovs dialeqturi monacemebis farTod gaTvaliswinebas, kerZod: erTi

mxriv, mTis dialeqtebis, rogorc arqauli, ZvelTan axlos myofi da,

meore mxriv, qarTlurisa da kaxuris, rogorc saliteraturo enis fuZe

dialeqtebis.

Ppirvel rigSi Cven warmovadgenT qarTluri da kaxuri dialeqtebis

monacemebs, arsebul debulebebs aRniSnul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT da

saTanado masalas, ris mixedviTac SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT is procesebi,

romlebic dakavSirebulia zmnis formaSi pirmimarTi aqtantebis

gamoxatvasTan (markirebasTan).

qarTluri dialeqti

qarTluri qarTuli enis mTavari dialeqtia, misi mniSvneloba qarTuli

samwerlobo enis ganviTarebis istoriisa da istoriuli

dialeqtologiis SeswavlisaTvis ganuzomelia.

qarTluri safuZvlad udevs qarTul literaturul enas dasabamidan

dRemde. cnobilia, rom jer kidev IV-III saukuneebSi Cv.w.aR-mde istoriul

qarTlSi Camoyalibda samefo iberia, romlis dedaqalaqi iyo mcxeTa,

Semdeg Tbilisi. Aaq ganviTarda qarTuli mwerloba da aq aris

Semonaxuli uZvelesi qarTuli xelnawerebi (bolnisis sionisa da

mcxeTis jvris kedlebze).

72

qarTluri qarTuli enis kiloTa Soris yvelaze ufro msxvili

dialeqturi erTeulia. igi moicavs saqarTvelos Suaguls, vrceldeba

imereTidan kaxeTamde.

qarTlur dialeqts mosaxleobis metyvelebis mixedviT 4 jgufad yofen: 1.

qarTlis centraluri nawili (mcxeTa, Tbilisi), 2. qarTlis dasavluri

nawili (borjomi, xaSuri, surami), 3. qarTlis samxreTi nawili (qvemo

qarTli), 4. qarTlis Crdilo nawili (axalgori, duSeTi)

subieqturi piris niSnebi qarTlur dialeqtSi

pirveli subieqturi piris niSani qarTlurSi ZiriTadad iseve, rogorc

saliteraturo qarTulSi aris v- prefiqsi, magram vxvdebiT mis

saxesxvaobebsac poziciebis mixedviT:

1. v→Ø, Tu mas mosdevs v, u an o bgerebi iseve , rogorc es iyo Zvel

qarTulSi (gr. imnaiSvili 1974: 216).

mag: me (v)varjiSobdi; dReSi orjer ver (v)uvliT erT miwas (i.

gigineiSvili, v. Tifuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 281)

me ori abazi gamo(v)ugzavne mesame axla momaq (iqve: 298);

Mmesame dRes gadavwuramT, imasac (v)uzamT mwvanilsa, wiwakasa, marilsa

(iqve: 300);

me virs lursmans (v)uRebdi fexidano (iqve: 303);

me dekevuls (v)umRerodio (iqve: 303);

vaduRebT, (v)uzamT marilsa da v-WamT (iqve: 315);

2. v→Ø m da b wyvilbagismieri mJRerebis win.

yanaSi miWiram namgali da (v)mki (iqve: 215);

WarxalSi (v)muSaobdiT Cven (iqve: 302);

imasTan me (v)baramdi (iqve: 280);

dekembridan maisamde (v)bZolobdi (iqve: 216);

3. v yru Tanxmovnebis win ganicdis asimilacias. kerZod, kbilbagismieri

mJReri v xdeba kbilbagismieri fSvinvieri, rusuli enis ф_sTan axlos

73

mdgomi bgeraa, magaliTebSi aRvniSnavT ф_Ti. Mmag: daфkari, daфkarge,

moфkali, Caфyara, gaфyoع, фWamda, daфWeri, daфwuram, daфwvebodi, gaфparsam,

фToxnidiT da sxv.

4. mo-zmniswinsa da saTaviso qcevis -i, an vnebiTis i- prefiqsebs Soris v-

TiTqmis yvelgan ikargeba. Aar ikargeba centraluri qarTlis

mosaxleobis metyvelebaSi.

Mmeore subieqturi piris niSani aris h- an s- prefiqsi, romelic

Cveulebriv dakargulia. rogorc a. SaniZe wers: `qarTlis kilos erTi

Tavisebureba axasiaTebs, romelic mas sxva aRmosavluri kiloebisagan

gansxvavebul beWeds asvams. es aris meore piris subieqturi prefiqsis

dakargva da amitom TxrobiTisa da brZanebiTis erTmaneTSi areva da

formaluri ganurCevloba~ (a. SaniZe, 1981: 228).

gr. imnaiSvils mocemuli aqvs subieqturi meore piris niSniani formebi

TxrobiT kilosa da ukuTqmiT brZanebiTSi.

mag: raTa stirio? Nnu stiri, nu htiri (gr. imnaiSvili, 1974: 219).

bevria iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac s- prefiqsis dasustebiT ع- s viRebT. ع

mJReri palataluri bgeraa, romelic enis Sua nawilSi magar sasasTan

iwarmoeba. igi umarcvloa. rogorc cnobilia, ع wina xmovanTan erTad

difTongs qmnis. ع qarTuli enis yvela dialeqtSi gvxvdeba.

Mmag: gaعTxovdi (Sen), raTa عkoWlobo? Ggana kidev Seعcdi? riTvin

gaعrjilxar? Ggadaعbrundi, gaعvardi, daعbrZandiT, moعkvdebi, daعdixar, . . . (gr.

imnaiSvili, 1974: 135).

Mmesame subieqturi piris niSnebi isevea warmodgenili, rogorc

saliteraturo enaSi, es sufiqsebia: -s, -a, -o. vxvdebiT maT garkveul

cvlilebebs, kerZod: zogjer gvaqvs maT nacvlad ع, zogjer nulovani

alomorfi.

magaliTad, rodesac s→Ø e.i. –s ar gvaqvs: hyam, mihyam sZinam, wev, dev,

mouklam, daudgam, da sxva.

74

Tvalebi uWiram (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 273);

guTansa saca xmali aqv, (iqve: 273);

naviviT ari gakeTebuli (iqve: 288);

gorula-TeTri, sqeli kani aq, tkbilia (iqve: 288);

TiTa-grZeli marcvali aq, sqeli kani (iqve: 289);

Sen mameci es jor-aqlemi , raca gaq (iqve: 293);

gasxvlisTvis gvaq makrateli (iqve: 288);

xemwifesTan saqme maq .. (iqve: 299);

rogorc magaliTebidan Cans, aqvs, miaqvs . . . tipis zmnebs s-Tan erTad

fuZiseuli -v- Tanxmovanic ekargebaT. Mmag:: fuli maq, saTqmeli maq, imaT aqT,

Tqven gaqT, Cven gvaq, momaq, mogaq . . .

magaliTebi, rodesac s→ع.

Zurwamurwam ar Saawuxoع (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:

274);

xeleuri gadamaiRoع (iqve: 274);

ro Tanabriv gailewoع (iqve: 274);

ro miwa gaعvardeع (iqve: 274);

ro maigdoع zevidana (iqve: 274);

ro daiWiroع rame-RorRi, qva (iqve: 274);

ro wyli Zalam daabrunoع (iqve: 275);

su yurs migdebs, kaco, egeba amoTqvaع rameio (iqve: 283);

daica, erTi Samautioع sicivema (iqve: 283).

mesame subieqturi piris niSani –a sufiqsi, rodesac mas win uZRvis v

Tanxmovani, kombinaciis Sedegad gvaZlevs –o-s. es SemTxveva SedarebiT

ufro xSiria qarTlis Crdilo nawilSi, xolo centraluri raionebis

mcxovreblebis metyvelebaSi iSviaTia. Aarn. Ciqobavas azriT, o miRebulia

Cqamieri Tanxmovnis, umarcvlo u-sa da a-s SerwymiT.

Tqo, Caico, Caido da sxva.

Tvali gaasufTava da Causo sovdagars (iqve, 278)

75

subieqturi I da II piris mravlobiTi ricxvis formebi gamoxatulia

-T sufiqsiT iseve, rogorc saliteraturo qarTulSi. Mmesame subieqturi

piris mravlobiT ricxvSi gardamaval zmnebTan uwyvetelsa da I

kavSirebiTSi, aseve gardauvali zmnebis wyvetilsa da II kavSirebiTSi

ixmareba –nen sufiqsi: gaakeTebdnen, movidodnen, dawerdnen. qarTlis

dasavluri nawilis metyvelebaSi –nen-is nacvlad –en sufiqsia:

gaakeTebden, movidoden, dawerden.

magaliTebi: wamoviden coli da qmari (iqve, 306);

darCen mSierebi (iqve, 306);

wamoviden da moviden am sawyal kacis saxlSi (iqve, 307);

Sesxden da waviden Rame (iqve, 308);

mravlobiTi ricxvis –es sufiqsis –s elementi xSirad sustdeba da ع -s

gvaZlevs : gaakeTe ع , moxarSeع , aaSeneع . . .

magaliTebi: rodesac miitaneع jamebi dasasxmelaT, yvavi Cavarda qvabSi

(iqve, 284);

daadeع qva da daawereع zeda (iqve, 284)

subieqturi piris niSnebis cxrili qarTlurSi

mxolobiTi mravlobiTi

I. v-~Ø-~ф-_____ v-~Ø-~ ф- _______ T

II. Ø-~x-~h-~s-~ع- __________ Ø-~x-~h-~s-~ ع-________ T

III. _____- -Ø~-s~-a~-o~- ع _____-nen~-en~-es~-an~-es~-e ع

76

obieqturi piris niSnebi qarTlur dialeqtSi

pirveli obieqturi piris niSani aris m_prefiqsi, romlis xmarebis wesebi

qarTlur dialeqtSi iseTivea, rogorc saliteraturo qarTulSi.

meore obieqturi piris niSani, rogorc cnobilia g_prefiqsia, romelic

yru Tanxmovnebis mezoblobaSi xSirad ganicdis asimilacias da yruvdeba.

Gg_ prefiqsi fSvinvieri Tanxmovnis win xdeba q: qqonia←gqonia,

moqqonda←mogqonda, qSordebi←gSordebi, daqCa←dagCa, daqxocamT

←dagxocamT, qTxoms←gTxoms, qsurs←gsurs, moqcem←mogcem,

qcodnia←gcodnia (gr. imnaiSvili, 1974: 179).

magaliTebi:Aamden xans iqidan, sadac fuli moqca, ver moidodao? (i.

gigineiSvili, v.Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 279);

Senma colma Zalian magra qcemoso (iqve: 307);

ra qenio, xo ar Seqcivdao (iqve: 308)

g- prefiqsi mkveTri Tanxmovnebis win k bgeraSi gadadis: mokklams,

wamokkidebs, Sen kkiTxulobs, mokyidio, kyamdeso, mikyevar, kwyalobs,

kWirdeba, mokpares da sxva.

magaliTebi: Tu xmali mogaswro, mokklams, ver mourCebi (iqve: 310)

sayuradReboa, rom mkveTri Tanxmovnebis win q_c gvxvdeba: Caqklamo,

gaqWirebia, unda SeqWamo, daqtovo.

Mmag: Mme Tqven mSiers ar daqtovefTo (iqve: 313)

mesame obieqturi piris niSnebi ZiriTadad h_ da s_ prefiqsebiT

gamoixateba rogorc iribis, aseve pirdapiris. aRniSnuli prefiqsebi

garkveul bgerebTan mezoblobaSi sxvadasxva variantebs warmogvidgenen.

Aaqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom mesame obieqturi piris prefiqsi dasavlur

qarTlurSi Cveulebriv ikargeba. sxvagan ki xSirad gvxvdeba, isini

Tavisuflad monacvleoben. amasTanave sainteresoa isic, rom Crdilour,

samxreTul da centralur qarTlurSi maTi xmareba ZiriTadad

77

gansazRvrulia. gansakuTrebiT es iTqmis irib obieqtze, Tu fonetikuri

mizeziT ar daikarga aRniSnuli prefiqsebi, maSin, Cveulebriv, gveqneba.

h prefiqsiani formebi: mag: ga-h-yva; wa-h-yva; mo-h-yvebian simReras. Aam kacsa h-

yolia erTi cxeni, ga-h-yida; h-yamdao; mo-h-kvdomia; a-h-kida; yuri mo-h-kra; xmali

Semo-h-kra; ambavi h-kiTxa; zari h-kidia; mejoges da-h-kivla; mo-h-pares; Tofi h-

qonda; batons gamo-h-qcevia.

h- mkveTri Tanxmovnebis win xSirad x-s gvaZlevs. mag: mo-x-yva; mi-x-yida; ma-x-

yida; x-kra da sxva.

s- prefiqsiani formebi, mag: weli s-wydebao; Zala Se-s-wevdaT; mo-s-wonebia;

jvari da-s-wera; Zmefs mo-s-wera; fexebi s-tkioda; fuli mi-s-ca; fici mi-s-ces

erTmaneTs; s-Zinams; Se-s-Zaxa; wa-s-CurCula.

s- prefiqsi SiSina afrikatebis win S-d iqceva. Mmag: S-Wama; mo-S-Wra; ga-S-

WirebiaT; ga-S-Cenia da sxva.

s- prefiqsi mJReri Tanxmovnebis win z-d iqceva. mag:L z-dieo; mi-z-devda; mi-

z-dioda; mo-z-deven; a-z-dioda; z-dis; mo-z-do; z-Zinavs; mi-z-Zaxa; Ca-z-Zaxa; Se-z-

Zaxa; z-gerebiyo; z-Zovs; z-ZinamT; da-z-jerda (iqve: 179).

daado culi da moSWra (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 281);

tye gamoSWran, gaTalon da daadgan xarsa (iqve: 282);

nadiroba advilia, rodesac siminds SWams is (iqve: 311);

ukan misdevda Zmas moparebiT (iqve: 281);

ori ukan xmauriT mizdevs (iqve: 308);

mTeli dRe zZovs (iqve: 311);

visac Sno aqvs srolisa, esvris Tofs da mohklams ( iqve: 311)

wili hyares da pataras Sexvda (iqve: 313);

mouravi dahpatiJes mezoblebma (iqve: 329);

am xelmwifes xyolebia sami vaJiSvili (iqve: 314);

Svidi Rame da Svidi dRe qorwili xqoniaT xenwifis Svilefs (iqve: 314);

s→ ع -ad qcevis SemTxvevebi Zveli werilobiTi Zeglebis mixedviT ar

gvxvdeba XIII_XVIII saukuneebis ZeglebSic, magram jer kidev Zv.

qarTulSia dadasturebuli mrCobli prefiqsi hs rac ع–sken gardamaval

safexurze unda miuTiTebdes (a.SaniZe, 1981, 221)

78

a. SaniZis mixedviT, mrCobli prefiqsi aris iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac

zmnaSi prefiqsi fuZes aris Sexorcebuli da saWiro xdeba meore

prefiqsis gaCena (a. SaniZe, 1981: 195).

hs kompleqsi prefiqsad gvxvdeba winaenismierebisa da afrikatebis win

XIX s-Si. Mmag: wunsa hsdebs, warmohsTqva, oci Tumani dahstyua, arsada

hsCanda, imediT Sehscqeroda momavals, gahsZaxa colsa, aqlems SehsWamen,

SehsWidebia, isev ise hsjobnian, . . . (gr. imnaiSvili, 1974, 28)

am prefiqsTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs sxvadasxva azri: zogi fiqrobs, rom

es aris anton kaTalikosis skolis gavlena, magram gr. imnaiSvils

miaCnia, rom es modis qarTl-kaxeTis cocxali metyvelebidan, rasac

iliasa da sxvebis nawerebSic vxvdebiT. winaenismierebisa da afrikatebis

win xSirad gvevlineba ع,ع h da عs, romlebic akustikurad axlos dganan

h da hs prefiqsebTan. Ffonetikurad h da hs prefiqsebi udris imaves,

rasac ع ,عh da عs cocxal metyvelebaSi. Aase gamoxates orTografiulad

iliam da sxva mwerlebma, radganac ع xmarebidan amoRebuli iyo. Aamave

dros isic aRsaniSnavia, rom cocxal metyvelebaSi arsebuli prefiqsi ع

ar udris Zvel qarTulsa da kiloebSi brunvis niSnad xmarebul ع-s. hs

prefiqsi, wers avtori, miCneulia h-s ganviTarebis Semdgom safexurad

(iqve: 29).

a.SaniZis azriT, hs prefiqsi, romelic xSiria IX-XI ss-is ZeglebSi

gardamaval safexurze, dedis bgerebis win miRebulia Semdegnairad:

haes mTlianad ar unda hqonoda dakarguli Tavisi bgeriTi saxe, magram

imdenad unda yofiliyo daaxloebuli gamoTqmis mxriv sanTan, rom am

axali bgeris gamosaxatavad erTi sagangebo niSnis magivrad ori

uxmariaT (hs) (a. SaniZe, 1922-1923, 420)

v. Tofuria wers:`qarTlurSi prefiqsad gamoyenebulia Cveulebrivis

garda عs, عh, ع, hs da h dedis bgerebis win. Ees movlena bevrs rasme

laparakobs saerTod VIII-IX ss-is ZeglebSi xmarebuli prefiqsebis

realobis Sesaxeb da haemeti enis teritoriis gamonaxvaze Tu ara,

prefiqsebis evoluciaze mainc.

79

rogorc Cans, hs kompleqsis prefiqsad gamoyeneba ar yofila

orTografiuli CuqurTma, rogorc es anton I kaTalikosis gramatikaSi

gaxlavT, aramed misi gamoTqma realuri unda yofiliyo enaSi~ (v.

Tofuria, 1925: 148).

Aamgvarad, askvnis gr. imnaiSvili, rom iliasTan da sxva zogierT

mweralTan hs kompleqsi unda warmoadgendes cocxali xalxuri

metyvelebis gavlenis Sedegs da unda miuTiTebdes s_ع-ad qcevis

gardamaval safexurze.

amasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa v. Tofurias azri. zogjer ع sanTan

aseve haesTan erTad عs (عh) kompleqss Seadgens. swored es عs difTongi

unda iyos gardamavali safexuri. Semdeg, rogorc Cans, عs da عh

kompleqsebi martivdeba da rCeba ع (v.Tofuria, iqve: 130).

h→ع daعkiTxa; gamoع qcevia; iqa- عqonda; ase عgonon; Saعxedes; Saعxvda,..…

s→ع daعZalos; daعTanxmda; Tan miعdeven; xeli gadaعdo; gaعCeniyo;

daعcinoda; ara-عWirdeba; motexa; moعtexa mas fexi . . .

h→عh aعhyva; gaعhyva; gamoعhparviyoT; daعhkra; gaعhqondeso; mere- عhkiTxa;

aعhkida; moعhtyda; gamoعhweramen . . .

s→ عs ara-عscemao; daعswvda; waعswyvita, aعswiv-daعswives; Samoعswoliyo (gr.

imnaiSvili, 1974: 217)

magaliTebi: axalTeslsa gurgliv Saعsdevs marcoli da fxiania (i.

gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 272);

kolmokle- عqvian, rac ro sigZiv gaعsdevs, beqiTavaع vetyviT (iqve: 272);

rasac guTani ver maعxnams, daعrCeba naxnavSia, xavrez veZaxiT (iqve: 272);

meti Zala miعsces (iqve, 272);

guTansa saca xmali aqv, iq qusli عqvian, (iqve, 273);

zogi عmesveurofs, svre woreT moaqv (iqve, 273);

nami ar gaعvardes (iqve, 275);

Samadgomisa عjobia (iqve, 276);

80

saca marcol Caعyrian, xvimisi عqvian (iqve, 275);

qveiT cxril gaعcviva (iqve, 277);

aRar moعdevs balaxi (iqve, 277);

dedamiwas orTqli aعdis (iqve, 277);

meti gza aRara- عqonda (iqve, 279);

ki ar moعhtyda, magram moعhtydeboda (iqve, 283);

rasac gamoعhweramen, gamoعhweramen (iqve, 283);

mzias pirs daعbans deda (iqve, 282);

wuxelis ro marskvlavi moعswyda, Sen lentsa- عgavda (iqve, 284);

movwamliT, Tu daعWirdeba, meoTxeTa (iqve, 288);

mocemuli magaliTebidan naTelia, rom aRniSnuli prefiqsebi Tavisi

variantebiT gvxvdeba rogorc iribi, aseve pirdapiri obieqturi piris

niSnad.

axla ki moviyvanT iseT magaliTebs, sadac h- da s- prefiqsebi Tavisi

variantebiT gamoxataven mxolod pirdapir obieqtur pirs:

meZneuri عkrefams da uloTi عkrams, merme gadaagdeben da daعdeben (i.

gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 274);

matylis gaعrecxam, gaعwewam, dafTilavdeba, daعxexam, daعCeCam saCeCelze

(iqve: 276);

su TiTon daعsTxonis, daعsTesams, daعhbarams, morwyams (iqve: 283);

sam striqonsa عstovebs (iqve: 283);

mindorSi zogi scelams, zogi hfocxams (iqve: 283);

wyalsa عzidams, zogi simindsa- عrwyams, zogi Warxalsa- عrwyams (iqve: 283);

su sxvili kartofilia, daعWrian, Caعyrian ormoSi (iqve: 284);

ro amova, mere gaعToxnian (iqve: 284);

mefem gaعsca meore dRes brZaneba (iqve: 290);

Seni palto gavhyideo aTas sul saqonelSio (iqve: 307);

erTi Zroxa gvirCevniano, movswveliT dilas, movswveliT saRamos (iqve: 307);

visac Sno aqvs srolisa, esvris Tofs da mohklams (iqve: 311);

nadiroba advilia, rodesac siminds SWams is (iqve: 311);

wili hyares da pataras Sexvda (iqve: 313);

bagefSi hkrefams xurmas (iqve: 313);

81

erTi kaci sTesams pursa (iqve: 315);

mouravi dahpatiJes mezoblebma (iqve: 329);

erTi magra-عscema (iqve: 315)

mohklamda; Svids Sahkrams SenisTanasa; gamosCekams wiwilasa, purs SWamda

SenisTanasa; gadazdgams xuT nabijs; maxlobeli dalevda Rvinosa da

gadaعtexamda jamsa; rasa-عnaxams Tvali; mamlefsa zogs gaxyidian; moعhklamda

batoni; daعhklamdnen cxvarsa; daعswyevla; mere qeifobas gaعsweven; mohkla; unda

dasweros werili; dedaCemic dahWra; ormo amohWra; gaxyida da sxva.

(gr.imnaiSvili, 1974: 218).

mocemul magaliTebSi pirdapir obieqts mesame pirSi saTanado niSani

aqvs zmnis formaSi. gr. imnaiSvilis azriT, aRniSnul dialeqtSi

pirdapiri obieqtis mesame piris niSnis gamovlena irib-damatebiani

zmnebis analogiiT aixsneba.

Cveni azriT, radgan amgvari SemTxvevebi Zalian xSiria qarTlur

dialeqtSi, gvafiqrebinebs, rom aq saqme ar gvaqvs analogiasTan, aramed

mocemuli prefiqsebi, Cveulebriv, pirdapiri obieqtis piris niSnad

gvevlineba.

xSiria iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac pirdapir obieqts mesame pirSi niSani ar

gaaCnia: mokles, moxarSa, aWama, daxoca, gaSales sufra, dalies . . .

aseve vxvdebiT iseT SemTxvevebsac, rodesac irib obieqts mesame piris

niSani unda hqondes, magram ara aqvs.

magaliTebi: grZeli cxviri qonda esre (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i.

qavTaraZe, 1961: 280);

oTxi Wraqi qondaT (iqve: 280);

daniSnuli alagi qonda imasa(iqve: 305);

adgeba es kaci, micems or tots (iqve: 305);

kacs mica xelSi Camadani da wamoviden coli da qmari (iqve: 306);

aTas Tuman fuls micems (iqve: 306);

cxvari mica da Zroxa mica (iqve: 306);

kiTxa: _ ras daeZefo? (iqve: 307);

82

erTi kaci iyo da oci mojamagire yanda (iqve: 308);

h, s prefiqsebs da maT variantebs zogjer vxvdebiT erTpirian

zmnebSic.

magaliTebi: ori Zmani scxovrobdnen (iqve: 310);

swored maSin moعkvdao (iqve: 312);

xalxi gaعhkvirda (iqve: 280).

iqa hyria axlac (iqve: 312);

gaiRviZa xelmwifem da Zalian Seعswuxda (iqve: 290);

rasac guTani ver maعxnams, daعrCeba naxnavSia, xavrez veZaxiT (iqve: 272);

xelmwife saca scxovrobs, iq wyaroa (iqve: 319);

pirveli obieqturi piris mravlobiTis niSania gv- prefiqsi iseve,

rogorc es aris saliteraturo qarTulSi. mxolod vxvdebiT mis

saxecvlilebasac, romelic ZiriTadad exeba g elements, xolo v

Tanxmovani umetesad ar icvleba.

Tu gv- prefiqss mosdevs yru Tanxmovani g elementi iseve moiqceva,

rogorc g- prefiqsi, anu g- iqceva q- _d.

magaliTebi: Cven sarjelaT moqvca da gagvayola ziTevSi (iqve: 299);

miqvqonda, moqvca, qvCeba, qvWirdeba, qvwamlobdnen, daqvxocameno, aqvxades,

daqvsxes, moqvSivda, xolo y Tanxmovnis win gv- prefiqsis g elementi k-d

iqceva: kvyav, kvyonda, kvyofnida (gr. imnaiSvili, 1974: 179)

gvaqvs iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac gv- prefiqsis g elementic

icvleba da v_c , kerZod, v iqceva wyvilbagismier umarcvlo u-d da

Tanac ganicdis metaTeziss;

Cven cxvari aqa kyuav (iqve : 311)

Cven ara qqunda mamuli ( iqve: 312)

rac Seexeba II da III obieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis formebs, isini

isevea warmodgenili -T sufiqsiT, rogorc saliteraturo enaSi.

83

obieqturi piris niSanTa cxrili

mxolobiTi mravlobiTi

I. m- ________ gv-~qv-~kv- ____________

II. g-~q-~k- _______ g-~q-~k- ___________-T~-Ø

III. h-~s-~S-~z-~ع-~ Ø-~عh-~عs- ______ h-~s-~S-~z-~ع ~ Ø-~عh-~عs- ____-T~-Ø

amrigad, qarTlur dialeqtSi subieqturi da obieqturi piris niSnebi

ZiriTadad iseTivea, rogorc saliteraturo qarTulSi, magram maTi

gamoyeneba aq ufro Tavisufalia da warmodgenilia Tavisi SesaZlo

variantebiT. Cvens yuradRebas ipyrobs mesame obieqtis piris niSnebi,

romelTa Sesaxebac zemoT aRvniSneT.

84

javaxuri dialeqti

javaxeTi zemo qarTlSi mdebareobs da samxreT saqarTvelos nawils

warmoadgens. istoriulad javaxuri kilo qarTuli enis mTavar kilos,

qarTlurs, ganekuTvneboda da misTvis damaxasiaTebel ZiriTad

Taviseburebebs moicavs.

subieqturi piris niSnebi

pirveli subieqturi piris niSani Cveulebriv aris v- prefiqsi. igi

ikargvis u, v, o, bgerebis win.

magaliTebi:

samxrobi Semdeg xar gaujavrdebiT Tax xbojoridromdi da xbojoridros

kidev davasvenam, memre gaujavrdebiT da Tax mzi Casvlamdi

(i. gigineiSvili, v.Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe. 1961, 333);

mevore dRes avdgebiT da kvlavindeburaT daubrundebiT samuSaos

(iqve, 333);

samxraT davasvenamT, xar uRlidam gamouSvamT (iqve, 333)

Tu em jam gadaurCi da ar movkvdio, oTxi Zmani varTo (iqve, 3336);

maSinaT Tqves, rom: `uSveloT Cven Tavs~ (iqve, 3339);

gaigebs, gagvwyvitevs orives, axla rogor uSveloT am bavSvs? (iqve, 340);

Caketul karebidan Conc dauwyeT srulai (iqve, 354).

meore subieqturi piris niSani ZiriTadad aris h- prefiqsi, magram

gvxvdeba s-c.

magaliTebi:

mere eubneva: erTad SehberdiT, gabednierdiTo (iqve, 334);

Sen ras gahyidam? (iqve, 341);

maSin tarielma uTxra: _ oRonda nu mohklavT da Tqveni iyveso (iqve, 344);

aha, Svilo, es Cemi yavalic da xvalve gahye cxvarso (iqve, 350);

fuli miveci da uTxar: _ gahaloT es fuli, oRond gauSviT-meTqi

(iqve, 355);

dastove, dasWyivle, dasTanxmdi, mosTxove (gr. beriZe, 1988: 108).

85

meore subieqturi piris niSani x- prefiqsi xar, ved//vid zmnebis garda,

warmodgenilia `vardna~ zmnaSi: ar Caxvarde biWo; gadaxvardebi, genacvale;

cecxlSi Caxvardebi Sen; gadmoxvardebi, magra dadeq (iqve, 109).

II brZanebiTis formebi zogjer piris niSniania: daswere!; mohkal!; dahkal!

gasWeri!... (iqve, 111) ZiriTadad ki wesi daculia.

aseve vxvdebiT nulovan alomorfs meore subieqturi piris niSnad.

magaliTebi:

erTad SehberdiT, gabednierdiTo, (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria,

i. qavTaraZe, 1961, 334);

uTxres: amas gaaxmobT, memre comSi aurevT, pur gamoacxomT da SeSWamTo

(iqve, 338);

rogor SeWam Sen (iqve, 341);

jaz bebem uTxra: raÁ tiri, male mova Seni Zmao (iqve, 346);

aha, modi, kide ise moiqeci, sami vaSli SeWame, sami WaWvi wyali dalie

(iqve, 347);

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac meore subieqturi piris niSnad

S- prefiqsi gvxvdeba:

pur gamoacxobT da SeSWamTo (iqve, 338);

devTaganma uTxra xeTagans: _ xeli ar mihyo da moSWari xmliT da

wamoiRe (iqve, 342);

mesame subieqturi piris niSani -s sufiqsi -h-d iqceva: gaakeToh, midih,

mihyideh.

xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac -s sufiqsi mTlianad ikargeba.

erTi nabolari Svili myam aq, sofelCi, erTi Sulic aspinZaSi myam

(iqve, 355);

me riT gavzardam amas, rZe ara maq (iqve, 340);

am saxl oryanadoni kari aq (iqve, 347).

aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis -es

sufiqsis Sesaxeb, romelic zogjer -eh-Ti icvleba.

86

magaliTebi:

TaTrebma ki aWameh qeri da asves wyali (iqve, 354);

daniSneh sam kilometrze niSani (iqve, 351);

qalebma seiroba dauwyeh (iqve, 351).

subieqturi I da II piris mravlobiTobas gamoxatavs -T sufiqsi.

subieqturi piris niSanTa cxrili

mx. r. mr. r.

I v-~ O/ _______ v-~ O/ - ____ -T

II h-~s-~x-~ O/ -~ S- _______ h-~s-~x-~ O/ -~ S- ____ -T

III _____ -s~-h~- O/ ~-a~-o ___________ -es~-eh~-en~-nen~-an

obieqturi piris niSnebi

pirveli obieqturi piris niSani m- prefiqsia, romelic zogjer n-Ti

icvleba: dantove, danmarxe, amonZaxa (gr. beriZe, 1988: 108).

meore obieqturi piris niSani g- prefiqsi yru Tanxmovnebis gavleniT,

asimilaciis gamo q-d iqceva:

Svidoba moqces, Svilo (i.gigineiSvili, v.YTofuria, i.qavTaraZe 1961: 347);

Tu me moqkal, me damrCes es qveyanao, Tu Sen mamkal, Sen daqrCeso.

(iqve, 354);

vin moqca Sen neba, rom dakrife? (iqve, 353);

erTi cxenosani kaci xmliT misula: _ unda moqkla, raT miiRe TaTrobao

(iqve, 352); Sdr: Tu ara gjerams, bawars gamambam wels (iqve, 338);

Svidoba ro ar geTqva, aqve dagglejamdio (iqve, 347).

mesame obieqturi piris niSani umTavresad aris h- prefiqsi, vxvdebiT s-

sac. h- prefiqsi asimilaciis gziT yru Tanxmovnebis win x-_d iqceva

xolme.

axla mohdis mwuxaroba (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 336);

87

Talans dahkramdnen da mihqondaT (iqve, 336);

gzaSi arc ukan’na miexednaT, arc vesme’na dahlaparakobdnen (iqve, 337);

yvelas kruCka dahkida (iqve, 338);

gaaxmo balaxi da misca mefurnes (iqve, 338);

Zili ar mihkarebia (iqve, 345).

h x. rameebs xyidda; zogi moxkla, wadiT is kaci moxkaliT; daxkra

yanCi; rogor xkadros es; qaliSvili xyolia da daxkargviaT; raRac

moxyva (gr. beriZe, 1988: 110).

zemoT mocemul magaliTebSi mesame obieqturi piris niSani aqvs rogorc

irib, aseve pirdapirsac. Ggr. beriZis azri am sakiTxis Sesaxeb iseTivea,

rogoric aqvs gr. imnaiSvils qarTlur kilosTan dakavSirebiT (gr.

imnaiSvili, 1974: 218), anu maTi azriT, mesame pirdapir obieqturi piris

niSani zmnaSi iribi obieqturi piris analogiiT Cndeba (iqve, 1988: 110).

Cven ki vfiqrobT, rom aqac igivea, rac qarTlur dialeqtSi, e.i. mesame

pirdapir obieqturi piri zmnaSi aCens piris niSans iseve, rogorc mesame

iribi obieqti.

magaliTebi: dahdenda pirobah; dahkres zarebi; dahkides buxarSi; mohkles

kaci; dahkarga cxeni, Sehyara dedibaSebi (iqve, 110);

roÁca ro ciskari amova, maSin xar dahyrian (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria,

i. qavTaraZe, 1911, 333);

am dros soflis biWebi kareb hketen da Sigidan gasZaxian (iqve, 334);

am qaTmebs mayrebi iWeren da hkleben (iqve, 334);

tarielma da avTandilma gadahkocnes erTmaneTi (iqve, 344);

mdidari kaci sxvagan waiRebda da SavraT gahyidda (iqve, 345);

gadaswyvetdnen dros qalis moyvanisa (iqve, 333);

Tu rZalma aswia da cxenze aitana, yoCaRi rZali iqneba (iqve, 334);

dainaxa, ro didi cxvris fara sZovs (iqve, 349).

wamoiZro xmali devTaganma, daSWra gveleSapi (iqve, 341);

wavida xeTagani da moSWra qoni xmliT (iqve, 342);

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac mesame iribi obieqturi piris niSani unda iyos,

magram ar aris. magaliTebi:

cixis gasaRebi dedofal qonda (iqve, 337);

88

maSin xarji mivceT (iqve, 338);

ar yamdaT maT Svili (iqve, 338);

mas qonda kargi Svild-isari (iqve, 339);

gmirs qvia saxeli xeTagani (iqve, 339);

xenwifeh ro Wkua qondes, vezir mimaTxovs colado (iqve, 346);

uknidan TaTari moyva (iqve, 351).

mesame obieqturi piris niSani zogjer moudis erTpirian zmnebsac: sdgas,

gahwyda, cecxl gahqra, ras vstirivar; avadmyofi aRsdga, Zien movhkvdi, qaji

wamohwyda (gr. beriZe, 1988: 110).

pirveli obieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis gv- prefiqsis

g elementi yru Tanxmovnebis win zogjer q-d iqceva.

uime, ro gagvigon, xo daqvxocebeno! (iqve, 352);

amis gamamsrolel gmiri rom movides, gagvwyvetems (iqve, 339);

xeTagano, qvqonda qviT, kiriT gaSenebuli oTaxebi (iqve, 339);

man bevri oqro moqvca (iqve, 350);

ro moqvSivdeba, ra vqnaTo? (iqve, 351).

meore da mesame obieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis zmnuri formebi

isevea warmoebuli, rogorc qarTlur dialeqtSi.

obieqturi piris niSanTa cxrili

mx. r. mr. r.

I m-~n- ______ gv-~gq- ______

II g-~q- _______ g-~q- _______ -T~- O/

III h-~s-~x-~ O/ -~S- _______ h-~s-~x-~ O/ -~S- _______ -T~- O/

amrigad, javaxuri kilo piris niSanTa TvalsazrisiT TiTqmis iseTive

suraTs gviCvenebs, rogoric gvqonda qarTlurSi erTi gamonaklisis

garda: Zalian xSirad mesame subieqturi piris niSani -s sufiqsi iqceva

-h-d. rac Seexeba mesame pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSans, aqac igive

viTarebaa, rac qarTlurSi.

89

kaxuri dialeqti

kaxuri qarTuli enis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani dialeqtia. igi

qarTlurTan erTad safuZvlad udevs saliteraturo enas. amave dros

kaxuri qarTluris Semdeg yvelaze msxvili dialeqtia. igi

gavrcelebulia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos did teritoriaze. kerZod,

Tbilisis gareubnis, sagarejos, kaWreTis, gurjaanis, Telavis, axmetis,

yvarlis, siRnaRis, lagodexisa da dedofliswyaros da nawilobriv

TianeTis raionebSi.

miuxedavad farTo gavrcelebisa, kaxuri dialeqti ZiriTadad yvelgan

erTnairia. garda siRnaRisa da nawilobriv dedofliswyaros raionis

mosaxleobis metyvelebisa, romelic saenaTmecniero literaturaSi

zogjer damoukidebel dialeqtad aris miCneuli qiziyuris

saxelwodebiT. mecnierebis azriT, qiziyur metyvelebas axasiaTebs

kaxurisagan gansxvavebuli zogi Tavisebureba, magram es garemoeba

gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis araa kaxurisgan qiziyuris gamosayofad,

radganac is arqaizmebi, romlebic ufro adre farTod unda yofiliyo

gavrcelebuli qiziyurSi, amJamad Semonaxulia mxolod mis mTian

adgilebSi, sxvagan ki saliteraturo enis Zlieri gavleniT TiTqmis aRar

gvxvdeba (ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956: 15).

qiziyuris garda, rogorc cnobilia, kaxur dialeqtSi kidev or erTeuls

gamoyofen: garekaxuri da Signikaxuri.

garekaxuri Tbilisis gareubnis, sagarejosa da kaWreTis raionebis

metyvelebaa. Signikaxuri _ gurjaanis, Telavis, axmetisa da yvarlis

raionebis.

kaxeTTan bevri saerTo aqvs ingiloursa da fereudnuls, es dialeqtebi

amJamad ar aris saqarTvelos teritoriaze. istoriulad ki

kaxur_qiziyuris adrindeli saxea (iqve, 16).

90

arcerTi dialeqti ar aris ise axlos erTmaneTTan, rogorc kaxuri

qarTlurTan, Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom kaxurs bevri aqvs saerTo

sxva dialeqtebTan (iqve, 16).

subieqturi piris niSnebi kaxur dialeqtSi

pirveli subieqturi piris niSania v- prefiqsi, romelic mravalgvar

saxecvlilebas gviCvenebs:

1. v- prefiqsi ar aris im zmnebSi, romlebic iwyeba u, v, o, m bgerebiT. mag:

me ver gauwev daxmarebas; me yvelaferi ausrule; me mas dauZaxe; gareT

gavardi da miwaze davardi; me oxram, me muSaobdi.

memre daujdebi am Cem macxone saCeCelsa da davCeCav, marjvena fex Sig

gauyri saCeCelSia, marcxeniT movkecam da davCeCav saCeCel kbilebzeda

(i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 220).

Cven niCfiT uqcevdiT; mosavals aviRebdiT cal-calke da mouxnamdiT; ro

gamouSvebdiT guTans, merme davaZRobdiT; SevabamdiT da dausxdebodiT

zed uRelzeda. me dauwyeb laparaksa da yuri daugdeo. me da ladoc

SamousxdiT (iqve, 206: 213).

2. v- pirveli subieqturi piris prefiqsi ikargeba maSinac, rodesac is

aris o da i xmovnebs Soris. mag:

me avdeq da gamo-ixede. (ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956: 109)

me mo-iqnie da gadavyare. (iqve)

Cven mo-itandiT da davdgamdiT. (iqve)

Cven wamoizardeniT. (iqve)

avdeq da gamo-ipare. (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 221)

me da Cemma moziarem or-ori zurgi cilampali mo-itaneT. (iqve, 213)

Sin ar wamovsulvarT, iqve mo-icadeviT. (iqve, 213)

faTeraki kinaRam SegvemTxva, uremi Tvali Zliv amo-iRevdiT maRla.

(iqve, 213)

roca yvela samuSaoebi mo-iSoreT, yoruRebi davakeTeT. (iqve, 214)

91

3. pirveli subieqturi piris v- prefiqsi ikargeba maSinac, Tu mo

zmniswins mosdevs e an a xmovniT dawyebuli zmnis fuZe. mag.:

me gamo-aZre; ÃvnaÁ ro movrCiT, anagi boranze wamoeliT, boranze ro

moeliT, ......, (iqve, 213) da sxv.

4. sainteresoa mo- zmniswinis cvlilebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxi. mo-

zmniswini kaxurSi ma- zmniswiniT icvleba, mxolod pirvel pirSi gvaqvs

mo-. mecnierTa azriT, ma- zmniswinze zegavlenas axdens pirveli

subieqturi piris niSani v- da zmniswinis a elementTan kontaminaciiT o-s

gvaZlevs. (ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956: 109).

magaliTebi: menú moitan SeSasao; me moiSore; me Tofi moixmare da

movkali; gavatyave da tyavi wamoiRe; me waval da moiyvan; me gamoaZre(iqve,

1956: 109).

5. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac mo- zmniswinis nacvlad mu- gvaqvs. ikargeba

v- piris niSani.

me mu-arCeno; me Samu-awyviteo; me gamu-acxadevo; me muewari (mo-v-eswari)

(ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956: 109)

6. v- subieqturi piris prefiqsi kaxurSi iseve, rogorc qarTlurSi

asimilaciis Sedegad ç-s gvaZlevs. mag:

TofiT çTofeT, daçkuwoT da moçxarSoT (ar. martirosovi da gr.

imnaiSvili, 1956: 109)

meore subieqturi piris niSani kaxurSi iSviaTad aris h-, s-. umetesad ki

maTgan miRebuli Á.

mag: nu h-yviri, nu s-tiri.

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac h-sa da s-s nacvlad gvxvdeba z- an S-

(mJRerebis an yruebis zegavleniT).

mag: ar azdgebi? pur SeSWamTo? dazdixar da sx.

Á aris iq, sadac unda yofiliyo h- prefiqsi.

92

mag: Sen waÁbrZandebi, CaÁvardebi; maÁkvdebi (Sen), gaÁmdidrdebi (Sen), ar

daÁmarcxdeo (Sen).

Á aris iq, sadac unda yofiliyo s- prefiqsi.

mag: maSin aÁdgebi; Sors daÁdgebiT; nu Átiri da sx.

naguli SeiZleba gaÁwewo da meoreT daÁCeCo, an kie muTaqaSi CaÁyri

(i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 220)

taraT kaklis an sxva magar xeÁ gaÁTli (iqve, 220)

Á gvaqvs meSvelzmnian formebTan, Cveulebriv, meore subieqturi piris

niSnad. mag.:

saidan moÁdixar?

Sen moÁsulxar da daÁsaxlebulxar aqao.

bevria iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac Á-s emateba h an s da gvaZlevs Áh an

Ás. mag:

xeli ar CaÁhyo, Torem moÁhkvdebio (ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956:

104).

mesame subieqturi piris niSani kaxurSi aris igive, rac saliteraturo

enaSi, -s, -a, -o, O/ .

aRsaniSnavia, rom mesame subieqturi piris sufiqsi –s xSirad ikargeba.

kerZod, -av da –am TemisniSniani moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebis I

TurmeobiTSi, statikuri da inversiuli zmnebis awmyoSi, zogjer

erTpirian zmnebSic. mag:

auwyam, Caudgam, mouklam....; myav, mZinav...., xoSatis Zinav. muxa dga, dev,

ari...., mogveSveleniT, qliavi mogvaq-, (179), qaTmis xorci ra saxSi ki ara maq-

(183) aq v-c ikargeba.

kaxurSi zmnis bolos va kompleqsis Serwymis Sedegad, sadac a elementi

aris mesame subieqturi piris niSani, viRebT o-s.

mag.: CaiCo, wauso, Causo da sx.

93

`SemiZlia~ tipis zmnebSi mesame subieqturi piris niSnad gvaqvs –an

daboloeba: SemiZlian, mqvian, mwyurian, mrcxvenian, mgonian, mixarian,

mwadian, mcalian da sx. aRniSnuli formebi uxvad gvxvdeba me-19 saukunis

mwerlebisa da sazogado moRvaweebis nawerebSi. mag.: qveynisa ara

grcxvenian? ¿ras miqvian tkbili sityva (ilia) me ra uari SemiZlian (raf.

erisTavi) (ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1974: 50)

xSir SemTxvevaSi mesame subieqturi piris niSani s Á. mag.:

genacvaloÁ mama (ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956: 220)

winda gaiSleba, TeTri ro gamovideÁ (iqve, 220)

Senc SegerToÁ igeTi qali, ro arc qalis yofiliyoÁ da arc kaciso

(iqve, 194)

Zirze kviritavi gakeTebuli, ro karaqs ibzrialoÁ (220)

neta miwa gairRveÁ da Sig Cavardeo (iqve, 192)

Cvenma kacma ro Tavi venaÃi Rvino ar dalioÁ, egre Ágonia, roma im

qveyanaÁ jojoxeTSi movxvdeboÁ (iqve, 215)

dro ro moa, maSin unda daimynoÁ (iqve, 215)

Zirkvi unda SeeWraÁ (iqve, 216)

ro marTuli SeebaÁ (iqve, 216)

wveri unda weemtvraÁ, ro ufro dasqeldeÁ rqa (iqve, 216)

Cemi ambavi iqneba zRapari gegonoÁ da gegecinoÁ (221)

aseve xSirad icvleba Á-iT mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis

-es sufiqsis s elementic. mag.:

Svidasi kaci movida mteri da iÁ qali waÁyvaneÁ (iqve, 180)

luarsabTanaÁ damayeneÁ mojamagireT (iqve, 221)

Zmebma dainaxes cecxli TavianT ezoSi, TqveÁ (iqve: 180)

win gadaudgnen Zmebi, daiZreÁ xmlebi da daiwyeÁ omi (iqve: 180)

rom iareÁ karga manZili, dasveneba moindomeÁ (iqve: 181)

wamaiReÁ asi Tumani saxSi (iqve: 182)

moipatijeÁ saxSi xemwife da kai pativi ces (iqve: 190)

midian, gauareÁ im kavkasiis mTebs Zirobazed (iqve: 191)

moitanes qva, mokrifeÁ xar-kameCi, daurWveÁ paloebi, daabeÁ kaWvebiT (iqve:

191)

daÁWireÁ xoSati TaTrebma (iqve: 192)

94

mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis gamosaxatavad gardauval

zmnebs wyvetilSi da yvela zmnas namyo uwyvetelSi aqvs -nen daboloeba.

swored kaxurisa da qarTluris zegavleniT aris -nen sufiqsi

damkvidrebuli saliteraturo enaSi

mag: meemzadnen, iqcnen, xocdnen.

aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom dasaxelebul mwkrivebSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes

Zalian iSviaTad -en sufiqsic.

rac Seexeba I da II subieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis formebs, igi,

Cveulebriv, -T sufiqsiT iwarmoeba.

subieqturi piris niSanTa cxrili kaxur dialeqtSi

mx. r. mr. r.

I v-~ф-~ O/ - ______________ v-~ ф-~ O/ - ____ -T

IIh-~s-~Á-~Áh-~Ás~z-~S-~x-~ O/ -

__________

h-~s-~Á-~Áh-~Ás-~z-~S-~ O/ -~x- ____ -T

III _____ -O/ ~-s ~-Á ~-o ~-a ~–an.

___________ -es~-eÁ~-nen~-en~-an

obieqturi piris niSnebi kaxur dialeqtSi

pirveli obieqturi piris niSani rogorc pirdapiris, aseve iribis aris m-

prefiqsi. masTan dakavSirebiT raime Tavisebureba ar SeimCneva. aseve

orive saxis obieqtisaTvis meore piris niSani aris g- prefiqsi, romlis

fonetikur variantebsac vxvdebiT. ase mag.:

1. meore obieqturi piris prefiqsi g- momdevno yru fSvinvier

TanxmovnebTan umetes SemTxvevaSi q-d iqceva, mkveTrebTan ki k-d an

iSviaTad q-d.

95

mag.: qTxovs, qsurs, moqsvliaT, moqSiva, qSordeba, daqCeba, moqcem,

Saqxvdeba, qxuram, moqxedamen; ktacon, kyavT, mokyamT, mokwyinda, SakWams,

dakWriT. gvaqvs aseTi formebic: qyolia, qwadian, moqWri da a.S.

- visi xar, veRara qcnof? (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:

179)

eg kvercxi mamyide da as Tuman moqcemo (iqve, 179)

cxvari ro gyavo, mwyemsi ara kparamso? (iqve, 222)

2. vxvdebiT distanciuri asimilaciis SemTxvevebsac, rodesac g-s

uSualod sonori Tanxmovani mosdevs, magram Semdeg yru Tanxmovania.

mag.: daqrCa, SaqrTo, qrcxvenian da sx.

3. q, k TanxmovnebTan g-s sruli asimilaciis Semdeg zogjer warmoiqmneba

ori identuri Tanxmovani, romelTagan erT-erTi daikargeba da darCeba

erTi.

mag.: Sen qondes (g q+qondes qondes) fuli.

moklam (mo-g k-klam moklam), Tu ar ityvi.

mesame iribi obieqturi piri zmnaSi umetesad Á-iT aris warmodgenili ise,

rogorc es iyo meore subieqturi piris zmnaSi aRniSvnis SemTxvevaSi.

gvxvdeba h- da s-c, aseve maTi fonetikuri variantebic, magram ufro

xSirad Á.

mag.: movidoda da Tavi adgilze aRara – Áxvdeboda (i. gigineiSvili,

v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 224)

naklebi kopi SWirdeba (iqve, 189)

xoSati Sin daÁxvda (iqve, 190)

is biWi ar miÁdevdaT (iqve, 196)

baRSi zogs nekeri gamoÁdis, zogs foTol gazdis (179)

imxela gogo-Áyav (179)

Svidni Zmani iyvnen joxarni da moxuci deda-ÁyvandaT (180)

am sufraze, rac Tval unaxnia da gul mozdomnia, yvelaferi iyo (iqve 182)

h Á

magaliTebi: frinvelis bumbuli gaÁvarda; dedinacvals is qali Tan

waÁyveboda; moÁSivdaT puri; yvavis baxalasa-Ágvanda; dedofalsa-Ágonia;

96

xelebi daÁxeTqoda; moÁxvia xeli; aÁkida saxedars; gamoÁkra; SamaÁkravdnen

zars, aÁglijes saxuravi (ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956: 105)

s Á

magaliTebi: aRar miÁdevs; imaÁ CamoÁdis sisxli; fuli gamoÁTxova mamas;

mZinares daÁTxares Tvalebi; Tu daÁtyuebda; meoreÁ klavi moÁtyda; miÁca

ojaxi Svils; daÁces batons; cremlebi wamoÁcvivda biWsa; feÃi CaÁces;

biWi gaÁCenia qals; kudi moÁZvra; moÁwyurda wyali. (iqve, 105)

s z an s S

magaliTebi: suli mizdis; bavSveb sulma zZlia; Tavi moSWra; gaWirvebuls

daSWirdeba. (iqve, 105)

xSiria iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac s-s nacvlad h- ixmareba.

magaliTebi: hdgomia; amxanagi Sin dahTxovnoda; htaca xeli; ZuZu unda

CahCaro pirSi; mihtaces fuli; aravin dahZraxavda. (iqve, 105)

Á-s gverdiT ormagi prefiqsebis SemTxvevebic xSiria Áh- da Ás-.

magaliTebi: ar SeÁhTanxmda; aÁhtkivda muceli; mosulan berikacebi,

maÁswonebiaÁ...; ymebi Áhyolia; es adgili Áhqonia daCemebuli im kniazsa

(iqve, 106)

aseve vxvdebiT hs- prefiqssac.

magaliTebi: sxvaTa Soris hsTqva; aRar gadahsTqva; Tafls hsTxovs; oci

Tumani dahstyua; xuTi maneTi mihsca; iman xma ar gahsca; enac ver

SehsZlebs (iqve, 107)

sayuradReboa, rom kaxurSi mesame pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSani

isevea warmodgenili zmnis formebSi, rogorc es iyo aRniSnuli zemoT

mesame iribi obieqturi piris prefiqsTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi

variantebiT.

mecnierTa azriT, es iribi obieqtis mqone zmnaTa analogiis Sedegia da

umetesad awmyos formebSi gvxvdeba, anu SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom micemiT

brunvaSi dasmuli obieqti aCens zmnis formaSi piris niSans. magram es

ase ar aris, radgan sakmaod bevria iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac mesame piris

97

pirdapir obieqts niSani aqvs meore seriis zmnis formebSi, rodesac

pirdapiri obieqti saxelobiT brunvaSia.

pirdapirobieqtiani zmnebi pirveli seriis formebSi.

mag.: dahbaramen miwas. yvelafers hbeWdavs. aravin wahbilwavs, dahbeJavs.

hkicxavda, hklavda. hzomavda, hfrewavda. dahTvlis, hCivis, hcodnia. SehWams.

(ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956: 106)

rom davhpatiJoT am sovdagars davceT pativi. (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria,

i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 182)

daanTo cecxli da hwoms wvadebsa (iqve, 202)

tkbils lukmasa sWamda (ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956: 106)

daTvis siminds SWamda (iqve, 106)

es gasawyvetni bavSvebi SeSWamdneno (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria,

i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 183)

isev Ákrams fexsacmelsa (ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956: 106)

pursa-Ázelams, nadirs moÁklams. patarZals daÁmalamda samaTa-Áyofs.

gaÁglejams jaWvefs. arc wyalsa-Ásvams, arc pursa-ÁWams (iqve, 106)

es xalxi damsxdara da pursa-ÁWamen (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria,

i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 181)

gogosac mivaTxuem colad da gaÁwvrTnis (iqve, 181)

cxovrobda qalaqaT da Áyidida gudurefs (iqve, 181)

dedal daÁklamdi da imis xorcze mepatiJebodio (iqve, 183)

saqonels mere maÁrekaven isev im nakveTze (iqve, 184)

deda Tan windasa-Áqsovs (iqve, 191)

vera-ÁZravs ambris xelas (iqve, 191)

patara biWebi Áklaven gveli wiwils (iqve, 192)

saWmel gaakeTebs, daalagebs, gaÁSlis sufras (iqve, 196)

maSina daÁmalams ormoSi da dajdeba zeda (iqve, 218)

Znis Semkvreli akeTebs ulos, gaÁSlis ulos, SeÁkravs Znas da daawyobs

(iqve, 185)

mere CamaiReben xurjins, SWamen da daÁhleven (iqve, 184)

erT TungianiT Rvinos CaÁsdgavs xurjinSi (iqve, 184)

98

pirdapirobieqtiani zmnebi meore seriis formebSi

mag.: gudaSi Cahyara. Svili gahgzavna. wyali dahlia. gaSWra erTi didi

ormo, tvirTi hzidos. Tavi CahRuna, tirili Sehqmna. dahpatiJes sodagari.

mosveneba dahkarga. (ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956: 116)

erTma sTqva. gadaswyvita imedi. axla esa vsTqvaT. puri vsWamoT. cecxli

davswvaT. mama gadaswyvita. dasxa yanwi da gadaÁkra. Rori moÁkles

(ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956: 106). almasi gaÁxvia vardSi.

gaÁWra SuazeT. sabolooT gadaÁwyvita. ver daÁZra. aÁtexa bavSvebma. mamam

daÁtova vaSli. xanjliT gaÁsWra. es cxeni miÁhpares. ZaRlma daÁyefa da

dakarga natriTvali (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 224).

erTi adgili maqvs, moÁhxnaT, daÁTesoT, rac gindaT, is gaakeToT,

icxovroT (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 167)

aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom gvaqvs iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac erTpirian

zmnaSi warmodgenilia mesame obieqturi piris niSanic, rasac mecnierebi

orpiriani zmnebis analogiiT xsnian. Cvenc veTanxmebiT arsebul

mosazrebas, magram, rac Seexeba mesame pirdapiri obieqturi piris

prefiqsebis xmarebas, Cveni azri, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, gansxvavebulia.

vfiqrobT, rom es aris iseTive piris niSani, rogoric gvaqvs mesame irib

obieqtur pirTan.

vxvdebiT iseT magaliTebs, rodesc mesame irib obieqtur pirs niSani ara

aqvs iq,sadac unda hqondes. magaliTebi: mebaReebs Txoves puri; mica ufleba;

taca xeli; kiTxa im kacma; kra xeli biWma; yvelas qonda; erTi Svilica yvanda;

mamas ara jera mainc; biWefs wyindaT; SexvdaT erTi marcvali; is ki daviwyebia;

ninos xeli gadaxvia; oqrouli qonda. (ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956:

107)

aRsaniSnavia erTi garemoebac. iseTi erTpiriani zmnebi, rogoricaa yvavis,

dgas, Cans da sxva, romlebic prefiqsebiT ixmareba literaturul

qarTulSic ki, kaxur cocxal metyvelebaSi uprefiqsod vxvdebiT:

yvaÁs baRi; cecxli ar Cans; karis yarauli dga da sxv. (iqve, 107)

99

rogorc vxedavT, gvaqvs erTmaneTis sapirispiro movlenebi, rac imaze

metyvelebs, rom piris niSnebi aRniSnul dialeqtSi Tavisuflad

monacvleoben.

pirveli obieqturi piris mravlobiTis aRmniSvneli prefiqsi rogorc

iribis, aseve pirdapiris saliteraturo qarTulis msgavsad kaxurSic

aris gv- prefiqsi. magram xSirad vxvdebiT g- elementis saxecvlilebas,

iseve, rogorc es gvaqvs meore obieqturi piris g- prefiqsTan

dakavSirebiT: g q an g k. mag.:

dagvsxes, moqvcemen, daqvrCa, SeqvWams, daqvxocoso, qvonda. kvyav,

kvyoloda, mokvyav da a.S. (ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956: 38)

rogorc iman qvca pativio. as Tumnad moqvcemdao. (i. gigineiSvili,

v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 182)

qvxocam, dalocvilo, Citis bRartebi xo ar varT (iqve, 184)

gagviSvi, wavalT an nadiri SeqvWams an simSili daqvxocams (iqve, 184)

bolisagan su maSxalebi qvcvioda Tvalebidam (iqve, 221)

cnobilia, rom am dialeqtebis Taviseburebas warmoadgens II da III piris

pirdapiri da iribi obieqtebis mravlobiTobis gamoxatva zmnaSi ye//ke

nawilakiT an –T sufiqsiT. aris iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac

erTdroulad gamoyenebulia ye//ke da -T sufiqsic.

mag.: wavasxamdiye monadireefs, Sen daaSveledke imaT, biWma naTesavebi

waiyvanake, me Tqven gagasamarTlefTye (ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili,

1956: 18)

veraferi uTxarike; ro momagondeba, dagiZaxebye da Cagawerinebye;

me orTaves mogxadeye bodiSi; magaze dagzardebike? imdeni rame giTxrake;

nu moiklamTo da aem or Saur mogcemyeo (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria,

i. qavTaraZe, 179-185)

100

obieqturi piris niSanTa cxrili kaxur dialeqtSi

mx. r. mr. r.

I m- _________ Ggv-~qv-~kv- ____

II g-~q-~k- __________ G g-~q-~k- ____ -T , -ye//-ke, -O/ ,

IIIh-~s-~ O/ -~Á-~z-~S-~J-~Áh-~Ás-~hs-

____

h-~s-~ O/ -~Á-~z-~S-~J-~Áh-~Ás-~hs- ____

-T, - O/ , -ye//-ke

sabolood SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom piris niSanTa xmarebasTan dakavSirebiT

kaxuri dialeqti qarTlurisagan ar gansxvavdeba. mis Taviseburebas warmoadgens

ye//ke sufiqsis gamoyeneba meore da mesame obieqturi pirebis mravlobiTobis

gamosaxatavad.

101

ingilouri kilo

qarTuli enis ingilour kiloze metyveleben saingiloSi, romelic

mdebareobs kaxeTis aRmosavleTiT, alaznis marcxena mxares.

saingilo amJamad azerbaijanis teritoriazea da moicavs 3 raions: kaxis

raionSi Sedis kaki anu kax-ingilo, alaTemuri, meSabaSi, alibeglo,

qoTuqlu, Tasmalo, zagami; zaqaTalisaSi _ aliabaTi, mosuli da

belaqnisaSi _ iTiTala.

ingilour kiloze laparakobs 10 sofeli, daaxloebiT oci aTasze meti

adamiani, gvarebic qarTuli aqvT.

ingilouri kilo iyofa or kilokavad: kakuri da aliabaTuri.

ingilourma metyvelebam dRemde SeinarCuna qarTuli enis yvela ZiriTadi

niSani, Tumca sxva qarTul dialeqtebTan SedarebiT Taviseburebebi

axasiaTebs, kerZod, ara aqvs Z da j bgerebi, moipoveba umlautiani

xmovnebi, Taviseburia droTa warmoeba, leqsikaSi bevria azerbaijanuli

sityva.

ingilouri dialeqti yvelaze axlos aris kaxurTan, radganac

istoriulad is kaxur-qiziyuris adrindel saxes warmoadgenda

(ar. martirosovi da gr. imnaiSvili, 1956:16).

subieqturi piris niSnebi

pirveli subieqturi piris niSani v- sufiqsi xSirad Serwymulia

zmniswinsa an fuZiseul xmovnebTan. umetes SemTxvevaSi es aris a xmovani,

romelic gvaZlevs o an u. magaliTebi:

oÁR a-v-iRe

oÁtan a-vi-tane, oÁfarebdia-v-ifarebdi. oÁCemieba-v-iCemieb, uaTiebdiT

a-v-aTavebdiT, doÁWirda-v-iWire, doÁnaxda-v-inaxe, doÁziniTda-v-iZineT,

102

dohkloTda-v-klaT, duagdiTda-v-agdeT, goÁgga-v-ige, goÁCinga-v-iCine,

gohyidoTga-v-yidoT, guaRiTga-v-aReT, CoÁrbinCa-v-irbine, CoitanCa-v-itane,

CuabariTCa-v-abareT, woÁyoniTwa-v-iyvaneT, wuaqcivwa-v-aqcie, SoÁnaxSe-v-

inaxe, SuagdiTSe-v-agdeT, oCuqebva-Cuqeb, oTxuebdiTv-aTxovebdiT, qnoT

vqnaT, WomvWame, noxiTvnaxeT, ...

er gulgaz maq; amTon oSrov, ar Srobis (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966: 162);

memRan Con vedroÁTi oÁRebT CalTuqs (iqve, 166);

Ãelmandil SomoÁkravdiT, ybasac oÁfarebdiT, arxaluxs CoÁcuamdiT,

kaloSs ver vicodinebdiT, baSmay iqneboda (iqve, 169);

Con goÁgiT (iqve, 173);

me doÁWir, woÁyon (iqve, 179);

kurtizeni oÁRo Ãorc, woÁRo, miçco zargalCiZe (iqve, 180);

es me woÁRo saxSi, davakro, puri Womo (iqve, 181);

bostan iqna: goyidiT, WomiT (iqve, 190);

wovel, kakli karwax dovnay, duayar (iqve, 190);

Sen ityò, me goÁgeb, raÁ uTqom Sen bizas (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria,

i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 230);

aÁmasac viyidi, moÁReb (iqve, 231);

sam vaSl mamces, erT me oÁR, erT Sen mñgñc, erTic ÃevSi Camvarda (iqve,

238);

kaÁ samares ki aar, Senze yizili samaresac ar doÁSurevav (iqve, 240);

me skamzeac dohwov, Joxs ki feCqo omoædev (iqve, 238);

exla unda kide waæde, noxo, ras mebnebis is (iqve, 230).

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac vinis e an i xmovanTan SeerTebisas viRebT

umlautian ñ an ò. magaliTad: xñdavTv-xedavT, kdñbiv-kvdebi, qñn

vqeni, me òqviq, me òcvici, TqòvTqvi clòvcvli, me WròvWri, ...

Con sifta òyaviT namdul qarTuleb (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966, 162);

Con Tqñn julze uqnebiT, nu dogÃocavT! (iqve, 162);

ham kñcav, ver kñcav (iqve, 164);

er mamals yòdulob me (iqve, 184);

mevlian qaCal uTqom qosaÁbe: `moÁ tyòleb òlaparikoT! (iqve, 190).

v- prefiqsi mo- zmniswinis Semdeg zogjer ikargeba, Tu piris niSans

mosdevs xmovani.

103

moÁtano mo-v-i-tano, moÁyono mo-v-i-yvano, gamoÁReT gamo-v-iReT,

SomoÁkravdiT Semo-v-i-kravdiT.

mo- zmniswinis o u-d iqceva:

muaqdi mo-v-aqdi, Sumuavl Semo-v-avlo, Cumuagd Camovagde.

moæWireb, yòTel wyals davadenav (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966: 164);

me imisTun wyal daasxmela ar gamoædgebi (iqve, 175);

maS guaTaoT saqmeÁ (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 231);

me skamzeac dahwov, Joxs ki feCqo omoædev (iqve, 238);

magisTun, rac saWiro aris, me muamzadeb, CemTan iqneba (iqve, 242).

v- prefiqsi mkveTr da fSvinvier TanxmovnebTan ф-s gvaZlevs.

magaliTad:

фqno vqno, фWam vWam, фkeTdebi vkeTdebi, фyidiT vyidiT,

dahфkale davhkali, фxnavdi vxnavdi, gomohфyri gomovhyri,

mihфyondaT mivhyondaT, mihфcem mivhcem, Sehфkro Sevhkro, gadahфyrian...

und kud aфwioT, roem gomSi Saudes (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966: 164);

ver фkñcav (iqve, 165);

memRan saqonliT avatalaxebT, daфfarcxavT (iqve, 166);

memRan daфTesavT, moфwyotavT (iqve, 166);

RuliT daфWriT, Áanze gadaфyriT (iqve, 166);

me raxan moфkdñb, Sen scodne xarav (iqve, 178);

bebrime miфco (iqve, 180);

es haTaar фqnua? (iqve, 181).

zmniswinis Semdeg pirveli subieqturi piris niSani v, Tu mas mosdevs i

xmovani icvleba æ//v saxiT:

aæReb//avReb aviReb, gaægo//gavgo gavigo, waæyon//wavyon waviyvan,

amoæyoneT//amavyoneT amoviyvaneT, aæRebdiT//avRebdiT aviRebdiT...

axla unda kide waæyon, noxo, ras mebnebis is (i. gigineiSvili,

v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 230);

me skamzeac dohwov, Joxs ki feCqo omoædev (iqve, 238);

moÁ tyuileb òlaparakoT (iqve, 190);

saqoneli qoxidan gamoæSò, gavreke sazRvarze (iqve, 197).

104

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac v- ucvleli saxiTaa warmodgenili: vazraxe,

vambovdi, viqeifeb...

saÃnav miwas vhwmendavT, kide haCeCaÁTi vhÃnavT (i. gigineiSvili,

v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 228);

er yov gamaÁlevs Tu ar, mindorSi mivtanT (iqve, 228);

Con tyeSi mivdiT SiSaÁ maatanla (iqve, 246);

Conc waædeT, zeÁ davxròtoT (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966: 180);

wovel, kakli karwax dovnay, duar (iqve, 190);

kacev velodeviT, ñzñSi ar SavdivarT (iqve, 171);

mec gavigi, rum eg wyaroÁ did gub yofil (iqve, 176).

zali mavyoneT (iqve: 245)

meore subieqturi piris ZiriTadi prefiqsia h-. ingilouris Tavisebureba

is aris, rom h- prefiqsis xmareba SeuzRudavia. igi TiTqmis yvela

Tanxmovnis win gvxvdeba, spirantebis: x, R, s, z, J, S winac.

karcls CamaÁRev, patara sufraÁTi gadahbRertav, nafxnñvs JamSi Cahyri,

gahscri (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 229);

lamaza coms mohzelav, gomohqni, sufra dahxurav (iqve, 229);

rabe htiri? rabe fuSman xara? (iqve, 239);

imaT kiTxavsye: _ qalebo, sad mihdiT? (iqve, 246);

maSin Sen mohkomi (gr. imnaiSvili, 1961: 178);

xalxs Se imaze hucini? (iqve, 178);

kacma Tavi dedakacs uTxra: `Sehxede! amas xabari saÁT mohdis? (iqve, 199);

rabe gahtexe veziris xazna? (iqve, 204).

iSviaTad vxvdebiT mis bgerinacval s-s, d, T, t, Z, c, w. Tanxmovnebis

win, aseve iSviaTad S-s, j, C, W, win, xolo x-s, an Á-s y, p win.

erT piwa daÁwov, meore Caagdev (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe,

1961: 229);

kedem mñxñli? – im saxli patronma Tqo (iqve, 230).

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac meore subieqturi piri ormagi prefiqsiT

aris gamoxatuli: sa mihdixarTa? dedali mohdixarT Tu mamali? raÁbe ar

gahyide beWedi? ebnebian: _ kutuS, rebeÁ ar mohdixar? (iqve, 246)

meore subieqturi piris niSnad nulovan alomorfsac vxvdebiT:

105

magaliTebi: ustaÁ doæWeri, kir doæwov, Tir SiSaÁ doæWri, matyl moæRi

xuTmet urem (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966: 176);

am gubi or Tol upovni, esen Soænaxav (iqve, 176);

memRan kir doæsxam, doæbrmubi gub (iqve, 176);

Con saxli xeÁvniT Tqñn saxl xeÁvnamdin Ãid gaaqeTiT (iqve, 185).

mesame subieqturi piris niSani iseve, rogorc sxva dialeqtebSi aris

sufiqsebi -s, -a, -o, -O/ . xSir SemTxvevaSi warmodgenilia nulovani

alomorfiT.

magaliTebi: wav meduqnesTan, etyòs: `er qilo beqmaz amiwon! (iqve, 177);

sam wels ñqs TñÁ akli (i. gigineiSvili, v. Toqfuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961,

1961: 231);

elaqsiÁ ar mov, qal ar maacemuvar (iqve, 231);

raÁc moRebul raim aris, ukan daabrun (iqve, 231).

beær tarevaÁ und (iqve, 232);

Sen fiqir nu gaq (iqve, 236).

xSiria iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac –o sufiqsis nacvlad gvaqvs –a

sufiqsi:

mollam waÁRa e qob (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966, 177);

zuRemiT gaagda yonaR (iqve, 182);

es dana ro amaÁRa, vezirma xelSi Caigda dana (iqve, 203);

alayoJa CamaÁRa (iqve, 205);

Sevaze rom gaæwiva, Tevzi amaagda (iqve, 205).

gvxvdeba va kompleqsis o-d gadaqcevis magaliTebi:

mere rom maawo aqeTyen istambul, eq yof qarTuleb (iqve, 160);

imaze TaTarma daarqo `Áengilav~ (iqve: 163);

imasukan Sah-abasma qi Tqo (iqve, 175);

moæda nikalam, waarTo (iqve, 175);

-s sufiqsiani formebi:

Tu kdar imarxevis oTxSabaTs, marxul imarxevis (iqve, 172);

wav meduqnesTan, etyòs (iqve, 177);

raÁTac moRebul raÁm aris, ukan daabrun (iqve, 231).

106

rac Seexeba subieqturi pirebis mravlobiTi ricxvis formebs, aq I da II

pirSi mravlobiToba -T sufiqsiT gamoixateba, xolo III pirSi vxvdebiT

-nen, -en, -n, -es, -an sufiqsebs:

magaliTebi:

zroxi qoxSi gadaÁyondnen, yuJurSi cecxl anTevdnen, mihyonavdnen

(gr. imnaiSvili, 1966, 167);

xuTi dRi win acalkievdnen (iqve, 167);

dahklñn Zroxas (iqve, 171);

salaJaze devnidnen kdars (iqve, 171);

klñn sam yoC, an er mñzñr (iqve, 172);

garmons ar ukrñn oJaxSi (iqve, 172);

dalies da daTrñn (iqve, 178);

halva imis win dadñs (dadves) (iqve, 201).

subieqturi piris niSnebi

mx. r. mr. r.

I v-~ O/ -~ф-~ñ-~o-~ò-~u-~æ- ____ v-~ O/ -~ ф-~o-~ñ-~ò-~u-~æ- ____ -T

II h-~s-~x-~S-~Á- ____ h-~s-~x-~S-~Á- _____ -T~- O/

III _____ -O/ ~-s~-a~-o ___________ -en~-es~-nen~-n~-an

obieqturi piris niSnebi

pirveli obieqturi piris prefiqsia m- da isevea warmodgenili, rogorc

saliteraturo qarTulSi.

rac Seexeba pirveli obieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis prefiqss gv-,

misi saxecvlilebebi gvxvdeba: kerZod gv go, gv gu, zogjer ki gv-s

v elementi ikargeba.

magaliTebi: emagr omovaqT TorneÁTi purs (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria,

i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 229);

107

Con nu dogorcxòno (iqve, 231);

aT Saur mñgñc, Tu ar qal ar gomodis (iqve, 234);

Tu zaRli danayef TarafSi weveleT, maSin zaRli Con SñgWams (iqve, 247);

dagavorSi rac gñwera, aÁma gizam, sxo arafersvo (iqve, 249);

Con TaTreb gozaxian `Áengilav~ (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966: 163);

uTxres: mñgñciT SulaÁ (iqve, 163);

gund Con julze davdgeT (iqve, 163);

mama, Sen Con Tav gogacalkav (iqve, 191);

haba, erTi Con mogatyòe! (iqve, 198);

Sen Conc gotyuebdi (iqve, 199);

Con daajdomel adgili gònda (iqve, 194);

sofelma uCivla `magis sul mogoSore aqaÁTi~ (iqve, 202);

Con xuT bati goqo (iqve, 208);

lekeb kvtanjavdnen, qristianeb nu xarTav (iqve, 170).

meore subieqturi piris prefiqsi g- ikargeba, Tu zmnis fuZe g-Ti iwyeba:

Sen gonia ggonia.

yru mkveTri da fSvinvieri bgerebis win g- prefiqsi ikargeba an

asimilacias ganicdis:

gk kk; gc qc: kklavgklav, klavgklav, SekWams//SeWams; mokWro//moWro

mogWro, ktkiva//gtkiva, kyav//yavgyav, ...

Sen daqcxondev, mec damcxondev (iqve, 231);

amas memre Sen qals moqcem (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966: 182);

heC rams ar qTxov, waaÁ qebeb dahWer (iqve, 183);

Cem saxlivi saxleb aaSeniT, mevlian moqcemy (iqve, 185);

sifTa mokkiTxe, karga damaCòve (iqve, 202);

unda mokklos _ exla Sen gezaxis xani (iqve, 204).

meore obieqturi piris ricxvi ki –T sufiqsis darTviT iwarmoeba.

mesame obieqturi piris niSnebi rogorc iribis, aseve pirdapiris h- da

iSviaTad s- prefiqsebiT aris warmodgenili, romlebic sxvadasxva

poziciaSi sxvadasxva fonetikur variantebs gviCveneben.

iribi obieqtis niSniani formebi:

kedem mohSiebdy (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966, 191);

108

dedakacma Tavi gouhwiva ukanayen (iqve, 206);

bats duma mohWra, bebers mihca (iqve, 207);

gaÁzdesav, siyuTleT gadis (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe,

1961: 228);

samas manaT TeTr maÁcems, xuT yaT tansomozsac iyidis (iqve, 230);

dad da er qal iWeren xeliT, mihyonen saxli karevTan (iqve, 234);

mamamTil mihcems TeTrs (iqve, 234).

pirdapiri obieqtis niSniani formebi:

duniaSi ver omohwmindav (cxòr) (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966, 164);

wavalT, mohmkòT (iqve, 166);

lidels gaakurTxinevdnen, dahklavdnen, ymawuis Tmebs mohWridnen

(iqve, 169);

kitrsac Con dahvTesavT, faylasac dahvTesavT, qalamsac (iqve, 170);

dahklñn zroxas (iqve, 171);

buTum sakmels hyris (iqve, 172);

kataÁ marJuna Tols gamaÁRevs, SeSWams (iqve, 170);

zeÁ daxrñtaSi beber salbaÁ hkravs (iqve, 180);

telerkebi Áanze gahwives (iqve, 199);

gaTxovebi droze JeÁzs hrecxavda, lamaza hkeravda (i. gigineiSvili,

v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 233);

im dRes SWridnen, er kuraSi hkeravdnen (iqve, 233);

darvazas dahgulidnen, zed gadev awovodnen (iqve, 233);

am droze qali ñzñÁTi ahwevdnen darvazaÁzgni maRla (iqve, 233);

memre am xurJins omohSlian varcSi, gaSlian (iqve, 243);

naRaras gahwyñten, pata pur rams SehWamen naxvar saaT (iqve, 243).

mesame pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSani zmnaSi warmodgenilia maSinac,

rodesac igi saxelobiT brunvaSia.

magaliTebi: ymawòls Cupe mohWra yaÁCiTi (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966: 196);

dahÃades tansamozi, xeze daambes (iqve, 206);

bats duma mohWra, bebers mohsca (iqve, 207);

fahCam uTxar: karga gahxyofe (iqve, 207);

ar iqnebaa, sam-samiT gahçyofe (iqve, 207);

ar iqnebaa, sam-samiT gahçyofo? (iqve, 208);

109

zaRlma qellaÁ gamohyofa, daÁwyo dayefnaÁ (i. gigineiSvili,

v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 239);

RmerTma mubaraqa gahÃados, baxtiani iqnos (iqve, 243);

magi gazdaSi me aqTon jafa ar gemehwiva, rom axla gavwive (iqve,

245).

h- prefiqsi xmovnebis winac gvxvdeba ingilourSi: huTxra, huqni, huzaxni,

hufoco, huyvars, hñyav, hopireb, ...

subieqturi pirveli pirisa da obieqturi mesame piris kombinaciebSi

xSirad vxvdebiT h- prefiqsTan erTad v-sac: mohçce movhce, Con

dahçTesav xaliCas mohçqsovni mohvqsovni, xual gahçyidi gahvyidi,

mohvmko...

magaliTebi: duniaSi ver omohvwmindav (amovhwmindav) (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966: 164);

kitrsac Con dahvTesav, faylasac dahvTesavT, qalamsac (iqve, 170);

patrons mihvcem (iqve, 179);

ar iqnebaa, sam-samiT gahçyofo (iqve, 208);

saÃnav miwas vhwmendavT, kede haCeCaÁTi vhÃnavT (i. gigineiSvili,

v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 228).

ingilourSi gvaqvs mrCobli prefiqsis hs SemTxvevebi.

magaliTebi: mohSWra, hxyolia, dahxxura, gadahxxura, gadahxyonen, mohxyons,

mihsca, mihфscem... im Sòlebibe manawev wileb mihscay (gr. inaniSvili, 1966: 191);

memlon imas patra pur mihsca (iqve, 191);

bats duma mohWra, bebere mihsca (iqve, 207);

fahCam uTxra: karga gahxyofe (iqve, 207).

ingilourSi iseve, rogorc kaxur dialeqtSi II da III obieqturi

pirebis mravlobiTobas -T sufiqsis garda ye//ke nawilaki aRniSnavs.

magaliTebi: raÁc qristian xalys qonday adaTSi (gr. imnaiSvili, 1966: 169);

saxli patron Tavi naTesavebs patiJovsy (iqve, 168);

erTic eklesiaÁ qoniay, ktar mokdomaSi wouyoniay, iq doudebiay

eklesiaSi, er kæriasukan doæmarxiay (iqve, 170);

110

ramTonic ginday, hazas viq (iqve, 174);

halvaÁ goukeTeviay, yab gñrc doudevniay (iqve, 178);

aqe manabaTiebs erTmerTi gaælanzRavy (iqve, 198);

dilaze Cagabarebye (iqve, 203);

TiTo-TiTo mohscaye (iqve, 208);

eesen beær muSuoven yofil, beær CalTuq doæTesiay (i. gigineiSvili,

v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 235);

vezirevs uTxray: waÁT, naxiT, he Raribev ra SWamena? (iqve, 236);

semaÁ da imi dekac wasulan, daaRameviay, Rami Janavreks uWamiay (iqve, 239);

devevs doænaxiay dekac, doælaÃiay (iqve, 240);

erTi magariSsac gamaarTomsye, etyòsye: _ xual Ram niSans mivaqomT,

daahazireT~ (iqve, 242);

ukeTeben flavs, CeÁs, aWmevenye, alevnibenye (iqve, 244);

is yoærmebic imaT TeTr azlevsye. (iqve, 245).

rogorc vxedavT, ingilourSi piris niSanTa xmarebasTan dakavSirebiT

igive suraTia, rac kaxurSi.

obieqturi piris niSnebi

mx. r. mr. r.

I m- ____ Ggv-~go-~gu-~kv-~qv- ____

II g-~q-~k- ____ g-~q-~k- _____ -T, -ye

III h-~ O/ -~z-~s-~S-~Á-~hs- ____ h-~s-~Á-~S-~z-~ O/ - ____ -T, -ye

amrigad, ingilourSi subieqturi da obieqturi piris niSnebi iseve aris

warmodgenili zmnis formaSi, rogorc es gvqonda qarTl-kaxurSi.

aRsaniSnavia mxolod subieqturi pirveli piris v- prefiqsis fonetikuri

variantebis mravalferovneba. igive iTqmis pirveli obieqturi piris

mravlobiTobis niSnis gv- prefiqsis v elementze.

111

fSauri dialeqti

fSauri kilo aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtia da e.w. fxouri

jgufis erT-erTi wevria. igi gavrcelebulia sakmaod did teritoriaze,

kerZod, moicavs saqarTvelos mTasa da bars. esazRvreba Crdilo-

aRmosavleTiT kavkasionis mTavari qedi, romelic mas aRmosavleTiT yofs

TuSeTisagan da CrdiloeTiT ki piriqiT xevsureTisagan, dasavleTiT

sazRvravs piraqeTi xevsureTi da gudamayar-mTiuleTi, samxreTiT-Sida

qarTli. fSavis mTavari mdinarea aragvi (b. jorbenaZe, 1989 : 241).

sakuTriv fSavi iwyeba Jinvalidan, mihyveba fSav-xevsureTis aragvs

orwylamdis, xevsureTamde, Semdeg ganStovdeba marjvniv da grZeldeba

borbalos mTis misadgomebTan. fSavelTa didma nawilma aRniSnuli

teritoria siviwrovis gamo datoves da daiwyes gadasaxleba qarTlisa

da kaxeTis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, kerZod, TianeTis raionSi, artnis

raionSi, erwoSi, axmetisa da Siraqis, sagarejos, Telavisa da yvarlis

raionebSi (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:124).

fSauri metyveleba yvelgan erTnairad ar aris Semonaxuli. yvelaze

kargad misi saxe ukana fSavSia daculi. saerTod fSauri sxva mTis

kiloebTan SedarebiT ufro ganicdis baris (qarTlis) metyvelebis

gavlenas da amitomac mas Tavisi fonetikuri, morfologiuri Tu

sintaqsuri TaviseburebebiT Sualeduri mdgomareoba ukavia aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos barisa da mTis dialeqtebs Soris (g. cocaniZe. 1978:3).

subieqturi piris niSnebi

pirveli subieqturi piris niSnad rogorc saliteraturo qarTulSi, aqac

v- prefiqsi gvaqvs. vxvdebiT /ø-/ alomorfsac, kerZod:

1. subieqturi pirveli piris prefiqsi ikargeba, rodesac v- prefiqsi

winamaval mo- zmniswinsa da momdevno nebismier xmovans Soris unda iyos.

magaliTebi:

112

gamoiareT (Cven), papas ki veRar mouswar mena; Srats calke

amoaÃobdiT; ra giTxra, tasac ver moigoneb; Ãarebs sapires SemoakravdiT,

ro ar eWama; mailaparakes, ema-d’ em dros amoiRoTo (g. cocaniZe, 1978,58):

momec me Zala, ro am devebs moerioo (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria,

i. qavTaraZe, 1961,141).

2. /ø-/ alomorfi gvxvdeba Tu zmnis fuZe iwyeba bagismieri bgerebiT.

mniSvneloba ara aqvs piris niSans win zmniswini uZRvis, Tu ara:

iq davimalneTo da . . . aqa var, aqao, gamauCndeTo (g. cocaniZe, 1978, 58);

ar gamauSvebo, uTxar minam kac ar mamikalisav (iqve);

men uTxar, gana ki daumale (iqve);

Cven momkiT, mua Tovli (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961, 127);

ymebs uTxraTo, saCuqars davhpirdeTo (iqve, 133);

me imas ver gauge, rogor gamikeTa (iqve, 136);

saxlis sanaxavic miutaneTa da qorwil vqeniT (iqve, 136)

aRsaniSnavia erTi faqti, mo-zmniswinis o elementi a, i, u, e xmovnebis win

gadaiqceva a-d da am poziciebSi mo-s nacvlad gvaqvs ma, rac ar

dasturdeba pirveli piris formebTan. mo- zmniswini saxes ar icvlis.

g. cocaniZis azriT, mo-zmniswini bifunqciuria: `iTavsebs zmniswinisa da

pirveli subieqturi piris funqcias, e.i. es o- fonologiurad

bifonemuria, warmoadgens fonemaTa ov jgufis realizacias. amdenad, aq

faqtiurad v piris niSani ki ar ikargeba, aramed uerTdeba mo-zmniswins.

albaT, aseTive viTarebaa u xmovnis winac~ (g. cocaniZe, 1978,59).

Cveni azriT, mo- zmniswinis o elementi namdvilad bifonemuria, magram

igi miRebulia ara mo- zmniswinze v- prefiqsis damatebiT, aramed iq

iqneboda ma- zmniswini iseve, rogorc es aris II da III pirSi da v-

prefiqsTan Serwymis Sedegad av kompleqsma mogvca o, rac Cveulebrivia

qarTuli dialeqtebisaTvis.

vlewavdodiT, ver moaswrobdiT (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe,

1961, 127).

me moitane ← mavitane, Cven moaswroT ← Cven mavaswroT, . . .

113

rac Seexeba pirveli subieqturi piris mravlobiTis formas, is

Cveulebriv –T sufiqsiT iwarmoeba.

meore subieqturi piris niSnad h- da s- prefiqsebis gverdiT gvaqvs maTi

fonetikuri variantebic. kerZod: bagismier da ukanaenismier

TanxmovnebTan h- prefiqsis garda, vxvdebiT Áh- da Á-. magaliTebi:

daÁhÃadeT tanisamosi, mzeze daÁhyareT mkvdaria (g. cocaniZe, 1858, 60)

jaregs fSavlen daÁhÃoceT, adineT sisxlis Rvaria; (iqve)

aÁyare iaraRebi (iqve)

maÁhÃnav, daÁhfarav, maÁmki; (iqve)

aiq daÁsodiT biWua, sad isxdes deda jario; (iqve)

xo ar SaÁSindi Zmobiloo, uTxra (iqve)

TuS-fSavelT sisxliT SaÁRebeT qisteTis mTa da bario (iqve)

kaxurada ÁlaparakobTo, gvetyvian (iqve)

aseve gvaqvs s- prefiqsi Tavisi variantebiT Ás-, Á-:

gamijavrda, rad scemao vaJais Svilsav: (iqve, 183);

aqamdi ki ar swunobdi Cems dagzavnilebs TasmebiT (iqve);

ra cxensaviT sWixvineb? (iqve, 207);

daÁsWri iZnasa (iqve);

memre daÁTesav (iqve).

/ø-/ alomorfs vxvdebiT ZiriTadad xmovnebis win: uTxar; gaakeTe; daiWire;

gaamzade, miec . . .

meore subieqturi piris mravlobiTis formac -T sufiqsiT iwarmoeba.

mesame subieqturi piris niSnad fSaur dialeqtSi ramdenime sufiqsi

dasturdeba.

-a sufiqsi, romelsac Tavisuflad enacvleba nulovani alomorfi.

magaliTebi:

es Tavis far imas gadaugdo da abreSunis fari Tavad daiWir (g. cocnaZe),

1978,127);

aRar eqna meti gza im TuSsa-d’ gaiqc (iqve; 127);

114

gamoarda qalã, Tvaleb ar maÁSordeb (iqve;128);

nu Camiwov, Tore inanebo, uTxar (iqve, 128);

memre uTxra i dedakacsa, raRa unda vqna exla, ese meobneb (iqve; 129);

sami dRis saÃnavia, vera ÁÃnevd (iqve; 129);

adga, daiwyo Ãnva iseva, daamTavr (iqve, 130);

Ãareb xo iqav waasxa, iqav Caabrun (iqve, 130)

gamauZRv wina da gamaxyva i WinWvelac (iqve; 130);

is veRar moigone, veRar damaÃsond, egiyo, age, damTavrd (131).

-s sufiqsiani formebi, romelsac Tavisuflad enacvleba /-ø/ alomorfi:

gamaÁxednebs mgeli – iqav ari (iqve 131)

deedevna, geeqc e mgeli, dawevas upirobs (iqve; 131);

cecxlis aliviT anaTebs, oqros kravel asxav imasav (iqve; 132)

gamoida, unda aÁhkidos cxensa? (iqve, 134);

raÁs cxovrebiTa cxovrobs? (iqve, 128);

zog ki deeyudeba, daiyurebs imis laparaksa-d’ zog ar ugdebs yurs (iqve,

135);

wyali meti ra gvaqv (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe 1961, 127);

arc ara gamogonav, arc Samivlav (iqve, 127);

matyl bevr visaca aqv da qal-dedakaceb ara hyavis, ana hyav isi matysa

hyidis (iqve, 129);

is muxis mkvidr feÃebzeda dga (iqve 131);

Ãmali welTi auglejav da lekisad sul gaufTxobinebav (iqve, 132);

imis memre nanas wyali Sauqvivnebav im wyalsada (iqve; 132);

ara gaqv magis xania, SiSiT ar ari misando (iqve, 138);

fSaurSi mesame subieqturi piris niSnad g. cocaniZe gamoyofs –is

sufiqss. sainteresoa misi mosazreba amis Sesaxeb. `rogor unda

ganvixiloT igi, rogorc erTi mTliani Tu daSlilad? Tu daSlilad

ganvixilavT, dadgeba –i_s raobis sakiTxi, romelzec pasuxic, vfiqrobT,

gaWirdeba. xkidav-is, Rbav-is, daukidebav-is, Saumbav-is, sityvaformaTa

formobriv-Sinaarsoblivi SepirispirebiTi analizi gveubneba, rom mesame

subieqturi piris gageba dakavSirebulia swored am –is sufiqsTan

mTlianad: men vRbi-var, Sen Rbi-xar, is Rbav//Rbavis, men Saumbi-var, Sen

Saumbi-xar, is Saumbav//Saumbavis. pirveli da meore piris gageba

115

dakavSirebulia Sesabamisad var da xar meSvel zmnebTan. mesame piris

formebSi ki -av iseTive sufiqsia, rogorc pirvel, meore piris formebTan

fuZis bolokiduri –i- vRbi–Rbi, mesame piris mawarmoeblad ki erTmaneTs

Tavisuflad enacvleba ø da -is sufiqsi~ (g. cocaniZe, 1978, 63);

Cveni azriT, -is sufiqsis s elementi calke unda gamoiyos mesame

subieqturi piris aRmniSvnel sufiqsad, xolo i, vfiqrobT, anaptiqsuri

xmovani unda iyos, romelsac xSirad vxvdebiT qarTulSi (Zv. qarTulSi

uwyvetlis sawarmoeblad: ganvmarTld – ganvmarTldi; mravlobiTis,

narianisa da –T sufiqsis, gamosayofad; aRvizarden-i-T. mag:

Cem diswulis Svili gamouSvavis cixeSiiTa (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i.

qavTaraZe 1961:127)

sam-sami cxvari hyavis (iqve, 128);

matyl bevr visca aqv da qal-dedakaceb ara hyavis, ana hyaviso matysa

hyidis (iqve 129);

xurjinsa aqvis ori Tvali da uReli (iqve, 130)

metad sainteresoa –o sufiqsTan dakavSirebiT g. cocanaZis azri. mas

miaCnia, rom o-s reduqciis Sedegad miRebuli –v- bgera aseve aris mesame

subieqturi piris gamomxatveli zmnaSi. o–s reduqciiT –v_s miReba

cnobili procesia qarTul fonetikaSi. mag: dedakacisad dauZaxnav:

diaco! (i. gigineiSvili 133)

usrolav da, ro gamoyiraula colisad uTqom (iqve, 138);

emasa ujobav, em fursa (g. cocaniZe, 1978: 62);

Cven gomurs ki exlac sip ugav (iqve: 62);

gvaqvs paraleluri formebi iyv da iyo (g. cocaniZe 1978: 61) teqstebSi

`iyo~ zmna mravali variantiT gvxvdeba: mag: Tqveni ra bedad iyv (iqve, 132).

iqneba su vanTos Zvelai viyao (iqve, 137) iman Caweros, romenic kai leqsi

iyvis i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 127).

isic gamaÁqceviyv (iqve: 137);

beladi, is gadmaÁstevebiyv (iqve: 137);

erT xis ZirSi sam SamZvraliyv (iqve: 137)

xo nanob exlav, aba raRa giyva meo (iqve 137);

116

Tore inanebo, aba ra giyo meo (iqve, 137)

i wisqvilm raRac uyva imas (iqve, 137)

erT Tves su karCi viyveniT (iqve, 138)

gaariges, ise unda uyvan (iqve, 134)

aba sxva raRa giyvav (132)

vxvdebiT iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac v aris zmnis bolos mesame piris

formaSi. mag: daviTo kiden batara iyv. su ise Caicv. (iqv. 1,61).

dakra cxensa is deda da waiRv (iqve, 162)

pur uWamav, uqeifebav (iqve 162).

mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTobis aRmniSvnelia ZiriTadad -es, -en

sufiqsebi. aseve gvaqvs -nen, -an da -n_c.

me: juyjuy raim daiwyes da mamcvivdnen (iqv. 132)

mec aimas maWmevdes (iqve: 132);

moides sadam Cem mama-Zmebica (iqve: 137);

batkneb dagviCines cxvrebmao (iqve: 128);

guSin mariamai da gogi wamoiden (iqve: 127)

emzadebodnen kia da movlen (iqve: 127)

isen dauCeCen (iqve: 129)

uwin jubebsac ikeravdnen (iqve: 130)

is uwin arc ki icoden, axla SamaiRes (iqve: 130);

saca balaxsa naskvavden (iqve: 132)

TuSebic moiden, magram imaT ar SaÁrigdnen (iqve: 140);

ai mglebiviT rogora ram mameCvennen (iqve: 232);

gonja ÃevSi misuliyvnen (g. cocanaZe, 1978, 66);

mTiuleTs dedakaceb midevniliyvnen (iqve: 66);

am zamTar ro daiÃocnes (iqve: 65);

wavides da gaiyarnes (iqve: 65);

ra rjuleebi iyvnes (iqve: 132);

SameeÃalnes erTurTsa (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 137)

isenic dameÃocnes (iqve: 138);

axla fSavleb gadavides da daificnes (iqve: 138);

Tavad ki daiqcnes iwilbolo dRe ulebi (iqve: 138);

orni dani myvan sxvani (iqve: 66);

117

suldarCacmulni mTani dgan, fiqris mzidvelni mwarisa (vaJa: 08,66);

fexni gvqon (iqve: 66);

subieqturi piris niSanTa cxrili fSaur dialeqtSi.

I v-~ø- _________________ v-~ø- ________________ -T

II h-~s-~ø-~Á-~Ás-~Áh-~x- ______ h-~s-~ø-~Á-~Ás-~Áh-~x-~ __________ -T

III __________ -s~-a~-o~-v __________ -es~-en~-nen~-an~-n

obieqturi piris niSnebi fSaur dialeqtSi

pirveli ibieqturi piris niSani iseve, rogorc saliteraturo qarTulSi

aris m- prefiqsi, romelic yovelTvis ixmareba. mravlobiT ricxvSi ki

prefiqsi gv-. am prefiqsTan dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia Semdegi, rom

pirdapir obieqtiani forma, romelic nariani mravlobiTiTaa gamoxatuli,

I pirSi gv- prefiqsis garda, zogjer -n sufiqssac warmoaCens. amrigad,

gvaqvs mravlobiTobis ormagi aRniSvna. mag:

eg alag iyv da Cem mamam Camogvrekna aq (g. cocaniZe, 1978: 65);

ki Tu gvanaxnes Cvena (iqve: 65)

dagvivlina ÃoSaris gorma, wyals iq ar gamodenama (iqve: 65);

meore obieqturi piris niSani, rogorc yvelgan, aqac aris g- prefiqsi.

mravlobiTSi emateba –T. Taviseburebas is warmoadgens, rom am –T

sufiqsis win ar ikargeba mesame subieqturi piris niSani –s. mag:

Svil sada gyavisTo (g. cocaniZe, 1978: 67);

ro vis ra geWirosTo (iqve: 67)

amas vin gapatiebsT Tqveno (iqve: 134)

axla kide ro vis ra geWirosT (iqve: 144);

memre megobrebi gkiTxavdisT, marTaliao? (iqve: 149);

118

mesame obieqturi piris niSnebi iribsac da pirdapirsac erTnairi aqvs.

umTavresad warmodgenilia s-, h-, x-, Á- da Ø-, magram vxvdebiT sxva

variantebsac Ás-, Áh-, Áx-, z-, Áz-, S- ÁS-. Cveulebriv, xmovnebis win gvaqvs

Ø- alomorfi.

mag: su tyav gaaZvra (g. cocaniZe, 1978: 68);

Tav maacala (iqve: 68);

guda maaqvis (iqve: 68)

h- prefiqsis paralelurad, sadac unda iyos h- vxvdebiT Áh- da

Á-sac. mag:

batkansa hkreWen, hparsven (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:

128);

isi matysa hyidis (iqve: 128);

rac und bevri hqondes, ar gahyidis (iqve: 129);

muSaT Sahyris, isen dauCeCen (iqve: 129);

exla ki CoÃeTsa da baWiWebsRa hkerven (iqve: 130);

eSmaki hpatronomso, icodi an (g. cocaniZe, 1978: 69);

Txori hqvia (iqve: 69);

cxvrebi hyvanda (iqve: 69);

gaÁhqcevia tyedatye da, ro daRalula . . (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i.

qavTaraZe, 1961: 132)

memre leqsad gadaÁhqonda (iqve: 135)

erTxels joros Zma maÁhkvdomia (iqve: 142)

mandidan unda gadaÁvarde da maÁhkvdeo? (iqve: 139)

mters ro maÁhklavdes, maÁSWrides Ãels da daÁhkravdes saxlsa (iqve: 138)

raRa Áhqvian, ar vici (g. cocaniZe, 1978: 70)

daÁhpatiJebden erTurTsa (iqve: 70)

ar unda daÁhklebuliyo (iqve: 70)

batarasaca - Áqvian jielai (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:

127)

daTesilebs, ise gadaÁgvis, ro Txlad modis zokana (iqve: 127)

memre cxvars kidev matyls gaÁkreWen (iqve: 128)

memre gaÁrecxen, karga gaÁriknian ÃevSi, ahkrefen, Sainaxven sazamTroda

(iqve: 12)

119

vinc mecnieri ar iyo, wignsa Áwerda da daagdo is wigni (iqve: 134)

mariamobis dResao qar ar daÁZravs xesao (iqve: 135)

xevisberi daÁlocavs (g. cocaniZe, 1978: 71)

mTas daÁrevia janRebi (iqve: 71)

aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom h- prefiqsis nacvlad x-_s da Áx-_sac

vxvdebiT.

magaliTebi: memre Tbilad Caxyridnen (g. cocaniZe, 1978: 72)

gamaxyva WinWvelaic (iqve: 72)

zogs xuTasi Áxyvanda (iqve: 72)

vfiqrobT, aq Á kavSiri aqvs pozitiurad wina sityvis bolo xmovanTan.

s- prefiqsTan erTad mesame obieqturi pirebis (iribisa da pirdapiris)

aRsaniSnavad, vxvdebiT Ás-_sa da Á-_sac. mag:

zogi muSa daswews matys, memre dasCeCs (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i.

qavTaraZe, 1961: 129)

gaÁscilda qistebi bewiniasa (iqve, 139)

ai, giviai gaÁsTibs da aÁxvetodi (iqve, 127)

Sen vera Áscem ma Ãarebsa (m. cocaniZe, 1978: 71)

zog Wedelas daÁdgamda (iqve, 71)

ukven maÁdevda qistebi (iqve, 71)

s-–s nacvlad vxvdebiT z-_s da S-_sac. mag:

daRaluls dazZinebia kidev (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:

132)

gamozdgomiv erTi leki (iqve, 132)

wyals jaras batara Ãevze dazdgmen (iqve 131)

wawadaic mxarsa SWeren (iqve, 128)

maÁSWrides Ãels (iqve: 138)

mgel SaÁSWams (g. cocaniZe, 1978: 73)

aRniSnul dialeqtSi pirTa kombinaciebis dros subieqturi pirveli da

obieqturi mesame pirebis Sexvedrisas zmnis formaSi gamoixateba orive

piris prefiqsi. pirveli subieqturi piris niSnis v- prefiqsis gverdiT

gvxvdeba mesame obieqturi piris prefiqsebic.

120

mag: Tu ar undixarT, movhkvdebi da aq ar davswirao (i. gigineiSvili, v.

Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 137).

jer unda davswewoT matyli (g. cocaniZe, 1978: 73)

dilas saqons gamovhyev, gadmovalale gorzeda (i. gigineiSvili, v.

Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 132)

vera vicodi, raisak mivhyvandi (iqve: 132)

ymebs uTxraTo, saCuqars davhpirdeTo (iqve: 133)

werilSia swerav, ro davswuxdi kiao (iqve: 135)

or saklav davhkaliT, erT Zroxa, xuT qob lud vaduReT (iqve: 136).

matyueben, ro aRarai vsTqvao (iqve: 137)

Semxvda upatrono cxvrebi me davSWamev (iqve: 132)

mesame obieqturi piris mravlobiToba –n sufiqsiT gamoixateba.

fSauri kilos obieqturi piris niSnebis cxrili

I m ___________________ gv-, gv- _______________ -en~-n

II g __________________ g _______________ -T~-en~-n

III

s-~x-~ø-~Á-~Áx-~h-~Áh-~Ás-~z-~

Áz-~S-~(ÁS)- ~J-

__________________

x-~s-~Á-~ø-~Ás-~Áx-~h-~Áh-~z-~Áz-~S-~

ÁS-J-

______________ -en~-n~-T~-ø

amrigad, fSauri dialeqti aRsaniSnavia piris niSanTa alomorfebis

simravliT. sainteresoa mxolobiTi ricxvis mesame subieqturi piris –v

sufiqsi, romelic sxva dialeqtebSi ar gvxdeba. rac Seexeba mesame

obieqturi piris niSnebs, aqac mravali alomorfia warmodgenili.

Oobieqturi pirebis mravlobiToba, Tu saxeli narian mravlobiTSia,

zmnis formaSi hpovebs asaxvas da gamoxatulia pirvel, meore, mesame

pirSi –n sufiqsiT.

zemoT mocemuli magaliTebis mixedviT SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom fSaur

kiloSi iseve, rogorc sxva Cven mier aRniSnul dialeqtebSi, mesame piris

iribi da pirdapiri obieqtebi TiTqmis Tanabradaa warmodgenili zmnis

formaSi da erTgvari prefiqsebiT gamoixateba.

121

moxeuri dialeqti

moxeuri xevSi mcxovreb qarTvel mTielTa metyvelebaa. xevi moqceulia

mdinare Tergis auzSi da Seadgens yazbegis raions. xevis raioni

snoswylis xeobiT ukavSirdeba gudamayris xeobas.

moxeuri kilos gavrcelebis are garkveulia da myari. igi TiTqmis ar

scildeba yazbegis raionis sazRvrebs. moxeveTa soflebi gaSenebulia

Tergis orive mxareze: marcxniv, sof. yanobi, xurTisi, fxelSe, goriscixe,

gaiboteni, arSa, ToTi, fanSeti, tyarSeti, gergeti, cdo, gveleTi, zemo

da qvemo larsi, marjvniv: sioni, garbani, vardisubani, Targmani,

stefanwminda da sxv.

moxeuri soflebi aris agreTve Tergis marjvena Senakadis snoswylis anu

Savi aragvis xeobaSi: marjvniv – karkuCa, qoseli da sno, marcxniv –

axalcixe.

xevi iseve, rogorc mTiuleTi da gudamayari, istoriulad Sida qarTlis

nawilia. moxeuri kilo qarTuli enis damoukidebeli dialeqturi

erTeulia Tavisi mkafiod gamokveTili fonetikuri da morfologiuri

TaviseburebebiT. enobrivad mas Zalian bevri aqvs saerTo qarTlurTan

da kaxurTan, gansakuTrebiT ki axlosaa mTis kiloebTan, kerZod,

mTiulur-gudamayrulTan da xevsurulTan (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i.

qavTaraZe, 1961:25).

samxreTiT xevs esazRvreba mTiuleTi, CrdiloeTiT–oseTi, aRmosavleTiT

– xevsureTi, dasavleTiT – samxreT oseTi.

subieqturi piris niSnebi

subieqturi pirveli piris niSania v- prefiqsi. vxvdebiT Ø- alomorfsac

xmovnebis win.

122

SaumbiTke ori Ãari an cxeni da vÃxnavdiTke (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria,

i. qavTaraZe, 1961:27);

daugebT ors-sams fuTis Tivas da valdaxs gadavkravT (iqve; 30);

CavasxamdiT, SaunTebdiT cecxls, avaduRebdiT da miudgamdiT kokasa (iqve, 31);

me uTxar: maica; suyelai gamaCndebis-meTqi (iqve, 36);

es qali rogor wauyvanaT, am leks Cuen wauRaT ori Ãmali da erTi Tofi,

ro rZali aRar maiTxovoso (iqve, 42).

rac Seexeba subieqturi piris mravlobiTis formas, igi -T sufiqsis

darTviT iwarmoeba.

subieqturi meore piris niSnad saliteraturo enis gavleniT

SemorCenilia h- prefiqsi. umetes SemTxvevaSi ki h- prefiqsi cnobili

wesis mixedviT icvleba: l, r, n, v, b, m Tanxmovnebis win gvaqvs R-; xolo

g, q, k, y, p Tanxmovnebis win – x-; d, T, t, Z, c, w, j, C, W TanxmovnebiT

dawyebul zmnebSi – s-, romelic asimilaciis gziT zogjer iZleva z- (d,

Z Tanxmovnebis win) da S- (C, W Tanxmovnebis win) niSnebs. (iv. qavTaraZe,

1985:50)

magaliTebi: daRberdi, rasac Rnaxav, imasac daRmete, ar xylapavke? daswere

ega.., Sen daRlie? (iqve, 104)

uTxres im ymawvils: _ rai xqen, raisT…i SaSWameoa? (iqve, 107),

mamas raisT…iRa RlanZRavdio? (iqve, 107)

Sen amaT gaswavles suyulaferiT, isri unda maxqceuliyavio (iqve, 111)

aq madi, ras Rfrinav iqi-aqao! (iqve, 129)

raÁca Sen hqen, imd…eni wisq…ils ar ubrunebiao (iqve, 111);

Sen ifro imisTana kaci unda moRnaxa, romelnica Congurzec amRerdebodes

Zriala, lxinic uyordes (iqve, 114)

ai, Tu ginda, ro gastexa, gergetlebs Seex…eweo (iqve, 122)

arc vin ar asdgeT Cemgameti, ro maik…lias cecxlio (iqve, 126)

raisT…i sCagrav, kaco, mag balRsa, miec Tavis ficari (iqve, 152)

simona, es kotias miscode? (iqve, 152)

gadi, daRbrmi da daxkoWldi (iqve, 151)

aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom zogjer zmnis formaSi SeiniSneba ormagi

gamoxatva subieqturi piris aRwerilobiT zmnaSi: qalaqs misdixar?

123

romeni misdixar mag SrovanTa gzaTao, .. gvxvdeba kontaminaciuri

formebi: sad mizdixodi, rjulZaRlo, mzes dagibneleb cisasa; Sen ki ar

mizdixidike samebaCi?; xTiSoblobaCi misdixidaTo? (iqve, 50)

Cènsas aRar dazdixar, diswulo, raCia saqme? (iqve, 154).

suyelais guliT gamasdixar, gana egre SaiZleba? (iqve, 150);

subieqturi meore piris mravlobiTic -T sufiqsis darTviT aris

warmodgenili.

subieqturi mesame piris niSnebi isevea warmodgenili, rogorc

saliteraturo enaSi, magram vxvdebiT garkveul saxecvlilebebs. kerZod:

wyvetilSi da II TurmeobiTSi Cveulebriv ixmareba -a: nugzarma osebi da

lekebi miimxra. roca iman gaiga; xmliT sca da Tavgaupa, daaZra oqros veSebi;

gaaRa karebi; dauwya Cxubi; gaavla Ãeli; adgili ver daTma; sul tyuili uamba;

gala Cascxa TavCi; Svilebs erTi saxli daudga... (iqve, 51).magaliTebi: iman

araferi hiamba? (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria... 1961:32);

klde aris da una mastexa, gaakeTa Sen TiTon kveriTa (iqve, 32);

dajda da daiwya fiqri (iqve, 34);

amaiRa Tofi, daxkra da mokla iqve (iqve, 44);

marto iman daiwya aq cxovreba (iqve, 44);

Caawyo sagZari da wauRa (iqve, 45);

gaivsa gudai da wavida (iqve, 45);

iman amaiRa da Tavisi niSani uCvena (iqve, 48);

visac ki SeeZla, yvelas unda meetana fiCxis konebi (iqve, 48);

Tu zmnis bolos aris va kompleqsi igi o-d gadaiqceva:

Sarcxo gogianTa, gamoides da g…iTxres (iqve, 37);

ar gauSo, erTi, sul daxoca (iqve, 43).

ÃelCi Tofi gueWira, gomogorTo Tofi, waiRa iqiTke (iqve, 89);

xaTrobdes da im xaTrma adgili ki waarTo (iqve, 118)

-s sufiqsiani formebi:

es mainc bevris patronia, is meTaurobs (iqve, 86);

gaimarTis taS-fandurai da daiwyis jeelebis lxini (iqve, 96);

memre `daT…iam~ moiyaris doinjebi (iqve, 97);

wiwkra an joxs daiWerdis daT…ai da daiwyis x…eta (iqve, 97)

iSviaTad vxvdebiT nulovan alomorfsac:

124

qalisa mambuli aq… mejairesa da Samaavleven iqa kerasa (iqve, 103);

mec karga maÃson, Cuens amodiodis, g…iyorda (iqve, 108);

es saqmeebi bebrebisga goq gagonili, cxo ki ar maxson ra (iqve, 110);

saca cecxlis sinaTles dainaxavdes, ro iq gaWirveba aq… (iqve, 123);

karga zZinav

erTi ifro mazrdili qalai yofila, imisT…i uTqom (iqve, 124);

coli x…Tis ficiT myav, eg dad momeciT, waviyvano (iqve, 128);

moxeurSi vxvdebiT -an sufiqss:

im orSabaTiT mcalian; nu gixarian qalebo! nu geSinianT, movalTo (iqve,

52);

mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTis formebi ZiriTadad -es sufiqsiT

iwarmoeba, gvaqvs -en, -an niSanic, Zalian iSviaTad ki -nen.

magaliTebi: isebi iyvnes Wkviani kacebi (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i.

qavTaraZe, 1961:32);

wmida beTlemSi berebi cxovrobdes, iq Rorebi Txrides da berebma Tqves:

Rori aRara vWamoTo (iqve, 33);

orni ki daimales (iqve, 44);

Camavides, magram wyali ver ipoves (iqve, 44);

isini wavides, movides, Salaparakdes da icnes besoi (iqve, 46);

Sexvdes erTmaneTs, miesalmes, gaexaraT da uTxres (iqve, 49);

isenic tiroden Tavis enaze (iqve, 51);

Ciodnen SavTelebi (iqve, 51);

erTgulebad emsaxurebodnen (iqve, 53);

qadas waiRebden, dailoceboden (iqve, 54);

wavidnen axalgazrdebi, marTlac, egre maiqcnen, mividnen da miadgnen vaWars

(iqve, 51).

silam C…en mk…dars ar mog…itanen (iqve, 126);

erTxel cxors Turme xparsavden galavanCi (iqve, 110);

miscemen WurWliT araysa-TavTavsa da uken gamaistumreben (iqve, 103);

roca batarZals maamzadeben, Samaavlian winava... (iqve, 102);

xalxma urmebamde gaacilis da gaistumrian qalianTaga (iqve, 103);

mTeli sofeli gareTaa, roca mayrebi midian an modian (iqve, 103);

win TefSi daudgian, ro dedufalsa da nefes deemt…ria (iqve, 103);

mayrebi gemeerevian, saqonelsa daÃocan da daiwyoba garToba (iqve, 103).

125

subieqturi piris niSanTa cxrili

mxolobiTi mravlobiTi

I v-~Ø- _______________________ v-~Ø- ___________________ -T

IIh-~s-~x-~R-~S-~z-~J-~Ø- __________ h-~s-~x-~R-~S-~J-~z-~Ø- ________ -T

III ________________-a~-s~-o~-an~- Ø _____________ -es~-en~-an~-nen

obieqturi piris niSnebi

pirveli obieqturi piris niSani rogorc iribis, aseve pirdapiris aris m-

prefiqsi. igi iseve ixmareba, rogorc saliteraturo qarTulSi.

pirveli obieqturi piris mravlobiTis niSani gv- prefiqsia, romelic

gvaZlevs saxecvlilebebs. aq saubaria labialuri bgerebis gavleniT

winamavali zmniswiniseuli Ria xmovanebis cvlaze bagismier o xmovnad.

rodesac sityvaSi gvaqvs …, …a _o, …e _ o da …i –u, maSin Zalian xSiria

regresuli asimilaciuri cvlileba (iv. qavTaraZe, 1985:22).

asimilacias iwvevs pirveli obieqturi piris g…- prefiqsis … elementi,

romelic sxvadasxva poziciaSi sxvadasxva fonemas gvaZlevs, kerZod:

1) ikargeba

magaliTebi: cxori kargs Samosavals goZlevs (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria,

iv. qavTaraZe, 1961:27);

saTiTebi Sorsa goq (iqve, 29);

karga goTibineo (iqve, 29);

mS…idobiT gomyofeo, lamazaTo, - ityodes (gv, 29);

mamre vaWroba aRar gogimarTa, salomem apatia (iqve, 36);

rogorc wesad goq, Sarigeba egre ver meewyo (iqve, 36);

TavCi Ãeli Cahkra da kidav ufro gogicodvila (iqve, 37);

uwin aseTi adaTi gqonda Cuena (iqve, 39);

es xalxi C…en gogparvia (iqve, 41);

erTi kvira avdari iyo, dogisvelda farCa (iqve, 46);

TbiliCi Camoyones, gamamicvales tarvali da mogrekes baTumCiga (iqve, 51);

126

2) …a – o

C…en qiStebi varT, kaci Somogokvdao (iqve, 45);

Sen rai ginda, Tavi dogonebeo _ imaT uTxres (iqve, 46);

imaT adre gogofrTxiles da gogogebines (iqve, 49);

rogorc wesad goq, Sarigeba egre ver meewyo (iqve, 36);

SiSiTa Rame geevla, ro ar wogorTono, ar gogigan (iqve, 127);

wminda sameba dogoSoSmanebso (iqve, 23);

kidav gogomwarebs da gogtanjavs (iqve, 44);

3) …e – è

isriv Cènianebi dègèxmares (iqve, 43);

Tu leki dogècaso, Tu me movkvdio, Sen cxoze ar gasTxovdeo (iqve: 43);

kedeli ro ogèga, jerT unda gogèTxara saZire (iqve, 92); (iqve, 43);

saTemod Tavebi dogèWrebao (iqve, 45);

milamde ar mog…cemdes nebasa, ro mog…etana saxlCi (iqve. 28);

C…en Z…uelebi g…eubnebodes (iqve, 46);

4) …i an ui – é

RmerTo, g…iS…eleo, nu gasetyvavo (iqve, 28);

imasTan sazidrad mig…iwvies. (i. qavTaraZe, 1985:113);

aq su yaCaRebi iyvnes, gzaze g…ix…debodes, ar gaivleboda (iqve, 114);

minam Cuen mk…dars ar mog…itanen, ar gauSobTo (iqve, 125);

iqneba iman mainc raime g…iS…elaso (iqve, 129);

Sen egre gasastumrebeli ar géyvixaro (iqve, 137);

C…enc Tq…en g…indodiTo da aRar wavides (iqve, 147);

imis patronebma géTxres: aq ras udgaxarTo (iqve, 112);

5) g…-

mamre Tavis cxori g…yvanda, cxenebic bevri g…yvanda (iqve, 113);

am gadmasaxlebis mosagonrad g…qonda dResaswauli (iqve, 98);

miwuri saxlebi g…qonda (iqve, 115);

SemeeZraxa mters iqiTa: _ nu mog…devxaro (iqve, 119);

mig…yov am dedacxorTan mindorCi, vxriTke batknebsa da mog…yov biniske

(iqve, 86);

127

iv. qavTaraZis azriT, moxeurSi …e, …i kompleqsebi gvaZlevs o-u

refleqsebs, romlebic imavdroulad iZenen labialur artikulacias,

umlautdebian xolo gaumlautebuli xmovnis daSlis Semdeg xdeba

labialuri xmovnis dakargva. analogiuri cvlilebis Sedegebi naSTis

saxiT SemorCenilia saxelebSi, zmnebSi ki moqmedi procesia. garkveuli

mniSvneloba aseT cvlilebebSi SeiZleba maxvilis moqmedebasac hqondes

(i. qavTaraZe, 1985:26).

obieqturi meore piris niSani g- prefiqsi isevea warmodgenili, rogorc

saliteraturo enaSi da rac Seexeba mis mravlobiTobas, igi –T sufiqsis

darTviT iwarmoeba:

magaliTebi:

Semovdgi feÃio, gwyalobdeT RmerTio (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i.

qavTaraZe, 1961: 96);

iman araferi giamba? (iqve, 34);

mamre aravisT…i giTqmia? ar SagiCivlia? (i. qavTaraZe, 1985:152);

cxel dRes meTqi dagayenebenT, TavrobaCi nu maCivlebT (iqve, 152);

simindi ro magpara, xmas ar iReb? (iqve, 152);

sakakbiai ro ar genaxa, sul naCxati yinuli iyo (iqve, 153);

vaime, ar gik…irsT, batkans Ãmaze scnobs, romlis dedisaa! (iqve, 151);

ai, RmerTma giS…elas da gadmagxedas (iqve, 149);

obieqturi mesame piris rogorc iribis, aseve pirdapiris niSani aris

umetes SemTxvevaSi h- prefiqsi, romelic sxvadasxva variantebs gvaZlevs

garkveul poziciebSi: l, r, n, v, b, m gvaqvs R-; g, q, k, y, p win – x-; d, T,

t, Z, w, c, j, C, W, win – s-; romelic zogjer asimilaciis gamo iZleva z-

(d, Z Tanxmovnebis win) da S- (C, W Tanxmovnebis win) niSnebs.

i. qavTaraZe aRniSnavs, rom mesame obieqturi piris niSani zmnaSi

moepoveba pirdapir obieqtsac, iqneba is micemiTSi Tu saxelobiTSi. misi

azriT, `cnobil wess garda, niSnis xmareba TiTqos intensiurobis, meti

eqspresiulobis mizniTac aixsneba~ (iqve, 50).

128

vfiqrobT, niSnis xmareba calkeul SemTxvevebSi SesaZlebelia

intensiurobisa da eqspresiulobis gamomxatveli iyos, magram amas

kavSiri ara aqvs imasTan, pirdapiria Tu iribi obieqti.

mesame iribi obieqtis pirisniSniani formebi:

gavscqerdi cx…ebis naTibsa, Camamdioda cremli (i. qavTaraZe, 1985:85);

romensac xyav bevri cxorim sTxovs, cxori umwyesas (iqve, 86);

am adgils, mets vinc miscemda, imas rCeboda (iqve, 86);

dedakacebi ki makuzilebia da isri mizdeven ukena (iqve. 87);

Tofi vesroleTke, isri ki, ro ar maxx…edriyo da ar dogeWira (iqve, 89);

gatrialda isriv qed-qed Sahyva (iqve, 89);

ro ar gavscliyaviT, suls gogoyrevinebda (iqve, 89);

Tu SasTanxmdes, orni erTad wavlen (iqve, 94);

roca Seuginebia Siukas, qali gaJjavrebia (iqve, 110);

Tolebs ki ara gasWirebiyo ra da aRarc warbebi da ulvaSebi xqoniyo (iqve,

117);

imaT karga zZinaiaT da x…rinven (iqve, 116);

suyelas is Rgonebiyo, ro Tolebi deewobodao (iqvem 117);

zmnis formebi, sadac warmodgenilia mesame pirdapiri obieqtis piris

niSani:

aq Tu ver sTiben sakmarsa, maSin yizlarSi guinda gadadena

(i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:27);

cxra xuTeuls ro mahkrefdes erTada, marÃilis ube equina (iqve, 28);

vRlewdiT ÃariTac, cxeniTac (iqve, 28);

ors-sams kargs yoCs dahklavdes, xats SasTxovdes (iqve, 29);

movidodes gaRlesdes, pirs mouwyobdes (iqve, 29);

Causxdebian, saTars davswnavT, daugebT Tivas (iqve, 29);

gavRrecx, gavCeC, SavsTelav, Savxkerav CoÃas, paWiWas, Sarvalsa (iqve, 30);

variai maiqceva da kvercxebs dasdebs (iqve, 32);

me gamfiqrda, ro uneblieT mahklavda-meTqi (iqve. 35);

Cven orSabaTsa, oTxSabaTsa da paraskevs ar davRmarxavTke (iqve, 39);

vinc maxklavs, tyavi imisia, danarCen Ãorcs ki gahyofdes Suaze (iqve, 49);

erTxal cxors Turme xparsven galavanCi (iqve, 50);

129

aRsaniSnavia, subieqturi pirveli da obieqturi mesame pirTa kombinaciebi.

zmnis formaSi warmodgenilia orive piris niSani – subieqtisa da

obieqtis, iqneba is iribi, Tu pirdapiri. magaliTebi:

oTxmocdaaTs Ãeleursa erTaze SavhkravdiT da imas wess vetyodiT (iqve,

29);

vRlewdiT ÃariTac, cxeniTac (iqve, 28);

iqve SavhkonavdiT (iqve, 28);

Causxdebian, saTars davswnavT, daugebT Tivas (iqve, 29);

tols gavRmarTav, gavswyvet marcols – TiTo Rils (iqve, 30);

samoci mklavi movhqsoviT, gavSWri duqardiTa (iqve, 31);

davxyridiT fargdagze an cxo safenze da (iqve, 31);

em xalxs vervis vscnobo (iqve, 35);

Cven madloba movsTxoveT im adamiansa (iqve. 35);

me xalxs SavhkiTxe ... (iqve, 35);

es davstovaT da iq vicxovraTo (iqve, 44);

tarvals Sin vhqsovdiT (iqve, 45);

ase, vijamagire cxosTana, mivhye, gabevrda cxori (iqve, 48);

amtenaze gavscdi, movscqire, veci, zed Cems mÃarze Tofi gavarda (iqve, 50);

aRsaniSnavia, moxeurSi ke nawilakiani formebi, romelic gamoiyeneba

`xolmes~ mniSvnelobiTac.

magaliTebi:

ifqlis Samdeg vTesdiTke qer-s…ilsa, vinaxavdiTke fq…ils stumrisT…i (i.

qavTaraZe, 1985:84);

cotas amaiwevske jejili da mamre imas Tovli deefarebake (iqve, 84);

labars Zroxebs vaWmevTke da Rame sasinaTodac vhÃmarobTke (iqve, 84);

imas saCaleebCi inaxavdianke (iqve, 85);

gzaCi dègecianke qiStebi da cxori gègirekianke (iqve, 86);

am sazafxulo saZovrebze iparsebake pirveli matyli (iqve, 88);

zogjer erTi cxori ors batkans maigebske (iqve, 88);

mTeli zamTari Ãorci ar mogokdlebake (iqve, 90);

erTi grZeli kuire gamadiodiske ereTis simxiaruliTa (iqve, 97);

erobas viZaxiT C…ena, saca berikacebi arianke (iqve, 107).

130

obieqturi piris niSnebi

mxolobiTi mravlobiTi

I m- ___________________ gv-~g-~go-~g…-~go-~gé-

II g- ___________________ g- ____________________ -T~-Ø

IIIh-~x-~s-~R-~z-~S-~J-~Ø _______ h-~x-~s-~R-~z-~S-~J-~Ø- _______-T~-Ø

amrigad, moxeuri dialeqti fSauris msgavsad, alomorfTa simravliT

gamoirCeva. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, mesame subieqturi piris

mxolobiTi ricxvis sufiqsebi da pirveli obieqturi piris mravlobiTi

ricxvis aRmniSvneli gv- prefiqsi. Aaqac, rogorc fSaurSi, zmnis formaSi

gamoixateba nariani saxelis mravlobiToba -en//-n sufiqsebiT.

rac Seexeba mesame pirdapiri da iribi obieqturi pirebis gamoxatvas

zmnis formaSi, igive suraTi gvaqvs, rac fSaurSi.

131

TuSuri kilo

TuSurs gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs mTis kiloebSi. TviT TuSeTi

mdebareobs kavkasionis mTavari qedis gadaRma, mis CrdiloeTis kalTaze...

aRmosavleTis TuSeTs daRestani sazRvravs, dasavleTiT – fSav-

xevsureTi, CrdiloeTiT – CaCneT-inguSeTi da samxreTiT kaxeTi. TuSeTi

SemozRudulia wyalgamyofi maRali qedebiT, romlis nakadebi iwurebian

TuSeTis or mdinareSi: gomewrisa da piriqiTis alazanSi. SeerTebuli

alazani ukve scildeba TuSeTis sazRvars da daRestanSi iWreba... mTeli

TuSeTi am ori alaznis auzSia moqceuli da sam xeobad iyofa: piriqiTi,

gomewari da CaRma~ (s. makalaTia, Tbilisi, 1983: 5).

TuSeTis centrad omalo iTvleba. TuSeTs zogjer mTaTuSeTsac

uwodeben, radgan TuSebi kaxeTSic saxloben, kerZod, axmetisa da

Telavis raionebSi (b. jorbenaZe, 1989, 251).

TuSebi zemo alvanSi saxloben. wovebi TavianT Tavs bacbebs eZaxian, enas

ki – bacburs. gvarebi bacbebs qarTuli aqvT, sarwmunoebiT qristianebia

(T.uTurgaiZe, 1960,7).

TuSuri – es aris qarTuli dialeqtiT molaparake mosaxleoba da

Sesabamisad maT enas qarTuli enis TuSuri kilo ewodeba.

TuSuri dialeqti gamoirCeva TaviseburebebiT, romelic mxolod am

kilosTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. esaa: a) bacburis gavleniT warmoqmnili

mkveTri (Zlieri) SemarTva-damarTvis xmovnebi (b. jorbenaZe, 1989: 24).

Zliri SemarTvisa da damarTvis SeiZleba iyos xuTive xmovani (a, e, i, o,

u); b) pozitiurad miRebuli grZeli xmovnebi; g) xmovanTa fSvinvieri

SemarTva da misi iotaciis tendencia; d) mokle xmovnebi (iqve: 253).

rogorc sxva dialeqtebSi, aqac daculia Ã, Á.

132

subieqturi piris niSnebi

pirveli subieqturi piris niSania v-, romelic garkveul poziciebSi

ikargeba; kerZod, xmovnebis win.

magaliTebi: fiWex ro gamoediTav, tirodav ÏãÏs qaliv, Cven ki Ïar

vtirodeTav (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:118):

faras win mivegebev, Zmis fara ro vicaniv, tiril daviwyev, uTxariv... (iqve,

118);

gadmuÏtanev gasaRebebiv, uTxariv... (iqve 119);

moediv dikloSiav, Cem Zma ki momkvdar yofiliyov (iqve, 119);

me uTxar: - Svidisa variv (iqve, 120);

amoTar erT kalTaÏ yurZeni, moviReTa-d’ erT kargadac WuameT (iqve, 121);

romel sofelSi CavineT, romels moavloT Tvalio? (T. uTurgaiZe,

1960:148),

xisiSi gamaros cixes – imas gauÃsneT kario,

SigiTa gamoiyvanoT Woqis lamazi qalio (iqve; 148);

SigiTeb gamovrekoTav qistebis lamaz qalniv (iqve, 147),

iqiTa SemoabrunoT cxvar-cxeni-d’ Ãaroaniv (iqve: 147);

v – prefiqsiani formebi:

zogs eTqv: - xiso CavideTav, ÏãÏq CavlewneTav karniv, gamovrekoTav

xisoelT lamaz qalniv (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:111);

garev ro gavxedeTav, su wiTel-yviTel bariaxianeb jar aCindav garev

xosiav (iqve; 110);

Cven barg vacilidiTav CiglaÏurTis iqis kdeebSi (iqve: 110);

mravlobiTi ricxvi pirveli subieqturi piris iwarmoeba Cveulebriv –T

sufiqsis darTviT.

meore subieqturi piris niSnad umetesad gvaqvs x – prefiqsi, vxvdebiT h-s

da mis fonetikur variantebs: R, s, z, S da ø alomorfsac.

magaliTebi: uTxariv: - Tu Áam gasaRebebiTav borkileb gáÏRoTav, igr

wediTav, mTaze gza ar ageriosTav (Tqva; 119);

abaRav, Rorov, erTiRav Sen Rorulad Sexedev (iqve; 122);

murTaz, rad gamoqceulxar, radam SáÏrcxvine gvario? (T.uTurgaiZe,

1960:149);

133

SeityoT, gamomigzavneT wamali Ãirimisao (iqve; 149);

nu stiri, lekis belado, davlob warsulis wesia (iqve; 152);

qalaÏo, suliTam scxondebi, baqi, Sen ÃaCivrisao,

ar gadaxyevi lekebsa, Ãeli ar ikadr mtrisao (iqve; 154).

meore subieqturi piris mravlobiTis forma iseve, rogorc

saliteraturo qarTulSi -T sufiqsis darTviT iwarmoeba.

mesame subieqturi piris niSani aris sufiqsebi – -s, -a, -o -ø.

magaliTebi: romel taxtSiac ÏãÏs qal wevsav, ÏãÏq TavTan dåÏjedio-d’ (T.

uTurgaiZe, 1960:114);

ÏâÏmagis SiSiTav ÏâÏmand veravin ver Sedisav (iqve, 114);

cxra dRe-Ramis Zil SWirsav (iqve: 114);

vin momirekavsav ÏãÏm raSebsav (iqve; 115);

Tugind su ÏãÏqisak napirSi iyosav, me ro mnaxavsav, mainc Cemkis moalisav

(iqve; 116);

ÃelT uWeravis siaTa, kondaxs ukveniT zisav,

zeubnis Tofeb gamodis, Svilia qurazisav (iqve; 154);

a – sufiqsiani formebi:

daRondav ÏãÏs biWiv, Cavidav raSsTanav (iqve;115);

memr ÏãÏm biWm uTxrav, romev sawvelav raSeb momirekeniv... (iqve; 115);

memr uZaxav ÏãÏm qalmav ZaRlebsav (iqve; 115);

o – sufiqsiani formebi:

ÏãÏm Ãelmwifesav lamfa CâÏqrov (iqve: 112)

daRonebuliyov ÏãÏs biWiv, Casruliyov Tavis raSsTanav (iqve; 113);

ÏãÏs gurami kai alags gadáÏgdo (iqve:119);

Zalian xSiria iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac ara gvaqvs mesame subieqturi

piris niSnebi. unda iyos –a sufiqsi da mis nacvlad aris ø alomorfi.

magaliTebi:

biWi wavid, sam dRe-Rames iar (iqve: 110);

mesame dRes erT wyaroze dåÏRamd (iqve:110);

134

ÃaraÏis wyarosTan zvav dgeb, ÏãÏq Turme dajd SeTeÁ (iqve: 109);

memr SabaláÏT bakurm uTxr... (iqve:108);

ro gaTend, qalm uTxr: - Cven Sin wavidneTav (iqve: 117);

wamoid isev Tavis sanadiroebSia-d’ winav ro TofiTac Zlivac xÃocd

(iqve: 118);

Sejd akazmazea-d’ wavid daÏ saRamosad siac ÏãÏs biW nadirobs (iqve:120);

mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis niSani -es Zalian

gavrcelebulia. gvxvdeba gardauval da gardamaval zmnebTan wyvetilSi;

aseve gvaqvs: -en, -an, -n, sufiqsebic, iSviaTad -nen.

magaliTebi:

xulanteleb roca aRar dgebodes, wyals ar awmidebdes (i. gigineiSvili,

v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:109);

dajavrdnes TuSni-d’, winamZRvrebad kai-kai biWeb xyvandnes, gadavidnes

xulantis mTaSi (iqve: 109);

movidnes erT soflis axluaÏs qistebi (iqve; 114);

tutarik wisqvil yofiliyvnes or da-Zmani (iqve; 115);

lekeb gulad gasruliyvnesav (iqve: 118);

Áam ojaxSig cxovrobdes ded-mamai-d’ or da-Zmebi (iqve; 121);

ÏãÏsen kargadac izardebodes (iqve:121);

cxvan ro wliT izardebian, ÏãÏsen dRiT izardebian (T. uTurgaiZe, 1960:119);

qalaq gaÏSenes, cxovroben lamazad (iqve: 135);

gardiTa kiTxulobenav, ivanes bina sad ariv (iqve: 138);

Sexpirebian erTmaneTs, erTurTs uWiroT mÃariav (iqve: 141)

cirbev vin xmkian yanasav, Znas ro awyobdes jaradav (iqve: 140);

Tofebi mociqulobdnen, Subeb swlapevdnen enasav! (iqve: 140);

biWo, Sensa Tavsa mbraloben vficava-d’ ara Jjerana (iqve: 140);

mÃars SWeren fSavlis ymania (iqve: 145);

Cirdil Seyrilan mayrebi, gamodis Tofis Ãmania (iqve: 157);

qurdulad wamoeparnen, viT monadire Svelsao (iqve, 172);

Segrekon galavanSia, SiSaqo-d’ iwvelebode (iqve: 175);

135

subieqturi piris niSnebi

mxolobiTi mravlobiTi

I v-~ø- ________________ v-~ø- ____________________ T

II, x-~h-~s-~z-~R-~S-~J-~ø _____ x-~h-~s-~z-~R-~S-~J-~ø- ______ T

III _________ -s~-a~-o~ø ___________ -es~-en~-an~-n~-nen

obieqturi piris niSnebi

obieqturi pirveli piris m- prefiqsi da amave piris mravlobiTis

prefiqsi gv- isevea warmodgenili, rogorc saliteraturo qarTulSi. aq

moviyvanT mxolod magaliTebs:

Zaan sawyal kac variv, Svil ver mominaTlavisav (uTurgaiZe, 1960:124);

momkaliv uTxr, xoloT erTimev Cem Zma guram manaxviav (iqve, 123);

SegiZlãav Áes qal momgvarov (iqve, 120);

erT boTl Rvino momeciv daÏ erT boTl bangiv (iqve: 120);

ariqaT, mogveSvelenT lekis jar dagvec (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i.

qavTaraZe, 1961:108);

uwylod nu dagvÃocavTav (iqve: 118);

merminasev gamogvrekesav tyveebiv (iqve, 118);

win mogviZRvebodav beladio-d (iqve, 118);

meore obieqturi piris niSani g- prefiqsi, saliteraturo enis msgavsadaa

warmodgenili TuSurSi; mravlobiTi ricxvis formasac -T sufiqsis

darTviT iwarmoebs. iSviaTia SemTxveva, rodesac yru Tanxmovnebis win g

iqceva q-d.

magaliTebi:

xaTriv Sen diaÏcisio-d’ mandilisiv, Tvaramev ÏáÏqav agkuwavdiv (i.

gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:113);

yaCaRiav gasruliv, ar giRalatonav (iqve; 113);

wediv, RmerTmav Ãel mogimarTosav (iqve; 113);

136

Tu Cven cxenebs mogvisxamav, ÏãÏmaS mogcemTav Tqvens cxenebsav, Tu arao-d’

arav (iqve: 117)

radam mogyavdaTav, iqav mogeklaTav (iqve, 119);

Cven biWs ar mogcemTav (iqve : 119)

Zmiswuls aq ar dagitoebTav, isev wavalio-d’ fuls mogitanTav (iqve: 119);

esem raÏgver gaSinebsTav, esewav cicoiav (iqve: 122);

Cemi naTqvami, Zmobilo, ratom ggonia tyuili? (iqve:181)

mesame obieqturi piris formaTa warmoeba iseTivea, rogorc xevsurulSi.

prefiqsebad gvaqvs ZiriTadad x- da s- prefiqsebi, vxvdebiT b, g, v, m, n,

r, l bgerebTan gvaqvs R; f, q, k, p, y, Ã bgerebis win _ x; j –s win – J; t,

w, c, T bgerebis win –s, xolo d, Z-s win z.

es prefiqsebi daerTvis rogorc irib, aseve pirdapir obieqtur pirsac.

iribi obieqturi piris magaliTebi:

miRgebebiy… soflis xalx win, SeRbrZoliyvnesa-d’ dâÏen jari (i.

gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:108);

Semoxparviy… jars ukveniskiTaÁ (iqve, 108);

vardize cixeSi SeRvardniy…, oTxn cxvanic Sexyoliyvnes (iqve:109);

Tan Ralat zdobniy… (iqve, 112);

Ram-Ram Zmebi jer-jeriT xyarauloben cxvars (iqve, 123);

wasruliyvnes TuSn sisxlis saZieblad, daRreviyvnes lekT, su gâÏJuJ

sicocxles sircxviliansa sikvdil Jjob namusiani (iqve, 149);

ukve Cven mivzdevdeTav (iqve: 118);

su iyvnes xuTmet kaci xqond aÃiaÏã (iqve: 120);

Cem babom gamãÏR… Tofi-d’ CaRber Sig (iqve:120);

deda daRvarcxnis qoCors, irmis daxpoxda tviniTav (iqve: 122);

memre ÏãÏmis javrzed TuSebTan moxpares cxeneb soliSvils (iqve: 117);

zmnis formebi, sadac gamoxatulia mesame pirdapiri obieqturi piris

niSani:

pirvelaÏ zes gonT gaswurven, memrinasi zeSig CåÏSveben SabuSsa-d’ patas

xan dazdgmen Áagri (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:101);

sayveled damzadebul xanjriT daSWriana-d’ (iqve: 104);

137

veravin Tur Rbedavs ÏãÏm maTraÃis aRebas (iqve:105);

Sexkrevdes or ficars, duÏwnevdes Zirs wneliT... (iqve: 105);

imden jari Sexyar, rom wina napiriT ukvena napiramdi Tvals ver gáÏwvend

kaci (iqve:107);

gaeri qistis laSqarSi, Calad daxyara mkvdario (iqve: 108);

sadilobis xanas astexes srolaiv (iqve:110);

TuSebs gâÏg… gio daSWresav (iqve: 113);

or CaRma yofil ganjas, Wapnebs Tur swnaven (iqve:114);

is Tur wyvil feÃebs xqsovs (iqve: 117);

zog – daSWra, zogi daÃoca, zog Sin, gaRgzavna gminiTa (iqve: 148);

kacebs Tavs mosWridesao-d tmoStze Semozdebdesav (iqve:118);

moxucebsa-d’ balRebsav su xÃocevdesav (iqve:118);

samTav ZmaT cxvreb morekes, oTxas-xuTasamd Sexyares (iqve:123);

aRsaniSnavia, rom pirdapiri ibieqti iseve, rogorc Zvel qarTulSi zmnaSi

xSirad iCens simravlis niSans, romelic gamoxatulia -en~-n formantebiT:

xisos CavlewneT karnik, enaxvnes qal-siZeni, Sexyarnes cxvarni da a.S.

didoT dâÏri Ãeli-d’ zog deÃocnesa-d zog tyved geÏreknes (i.

gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:106);

mecixovnen su gâÏwyvitnes (iqve: 109);

bevrn waiyvannes tyved qal-vaJni (iqve: 112);

TuSurSi, Tanamedrove saliteraturo enis msgavsad, micemiTSi dasmul

saxels zmnaSi simravlis niSani uCndeba.

magaliTebi:

qedebo, gicdisT maniJa, wyaroni aamRereTa (T. uTurgaiZe, 1960:178);

radam gixarisT, qalebo, kargi ymisa colobao (iqve: 185);

gul-xeli arvis gegonoT, guldardiani vario (iqve: 180);

nu geSinianT, TaTrebo, ivane ufre mzad ariv (iqve, 149).

aRsaniSnavia, rom pirTa kombinaciis dros pirveli subieqturi da mesame

obieqturi pirebi zmnis formaSi TavianT niSnebs warmoadgenen.

138

magaliTebi:

imasac ara davJjerdi, gamougd niSaÏ Ãariv (iqve:161);

cirbev, cirmaStes SevsTese samyurac sayvarobeli (iqv:162);

sanam gaTendes, gavscildeT sazRvarsa-lekis mijnasa (iqve;175);

Tvar memre veRaras gnaxav, Siraqs gavxyvebi cxvarsav (iqve;176);

me suleTs vera, ver gavzZleb, gza Sori mosavalia (iqve:180);

qvemoT warmovadgenT ibieqturi piris niSnebis cxrils.

obieqturi piris niSanTa cxrili.

mxolobiTi mravlobiTi

I m- ___________________ gv- gv- ___________________-en~-n

II g- _____________ g- _____________ -T~-ø, -en~-n

III x-~s-~z-~R-~S-~J-~ø- ____ x-~s-~z-~R-~S-~J-~ø- ___ -T~-ø, -en~-n

amrigad, TuSur dialeqtSi gansxvavebiT fSaurisa da moxeurisagan, piris

niSanTa alomorfebi SedarebiT cotaa. gansakuTrebiT SeimCneva mesame

piris mxolobiT ricxvSi –s da –a sufiqsebis nacvlad nulovani

alomorfis xmareba.

rogorc aRniSnul dialeqtebSi, aqac nariani formiT gamoxatuli

obieqtis simravle –en~–n sufiqsiT aRiniSneba zmnaSi.

rac Seexeba mesame obieqturi piris niSnebs, suraTi aqac igivea.

139

xevsuruli dialeqti

xevsureTi mdebareobs aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi kavkasionis

mTebis kalTebze. kavkasionis qedi xevsureTs yofs or nawilad: Crdilo-

aRmosavleTi mxare anu piraqeTi xevsureTi. piriqiTi xevsureTi Sedgeba

sami xeobisagan: ardotis, Satilisa da arxitisagan. piraqeTeli xevsurebi

TavianT Tavs Tvlian namdvil xevsurebad da miwa-wyalsac bude

xevsureTs uwodeben. xevsureTs CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba CaCneT-inguSeTi,

aRmosavleTiT-TuSeTi, dasavleTiT – xevi da gudamayari, samxreTiT

fSavi (b. jorbenaZe, 1989 : 226).

xevsuruli dialeqti gamorCeulia mTis dialeqtebs Soris. daculi aqvs

à fonema, romelic sxva mTis dialeqtebSic gvxvdeba, magram ara gvaqvs h

fonema, vxvdebiT mokle i da à xmovnebi.

xevsurulisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia va//…a da ve kompleqsis o-d

Senacvleba.

subieqturi piris niSnebi

pirveli subieqturi piris niSani v- prefiqsia, romelic zog SemTxvevaSi

ikargeba, kerZod, labialuri bgerebis win.

magaliTebi: manam ar ga(v)uSobTav amasav, manamdis luds ar magvarTomTav

(i.gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:9)

(v)uZaxebav kidevac mSavlebs: - vardano, gareT gamodiv (iqve; 14);

Tu Sen gaacdinev, memr me aRar ga(v)uSobav (iqve:19);

Cven madloba gadauÃadeT (iqve; 20);

davjeqi gzaSi, gamaiara erTma TavadisSvilma da gaudeqi uken (iqve:23);

Rame dauweqi napirasa cxvarsa (iqve: 23).

pirveli subieqturi piris mravlobiTi forma -T sufiqsis darTviT

iwarmoeba.

140

meore subieqturi piris prefiqsia ZiriTadad x-. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,

h fonema xevsurulSi ar gvaqvs, magram vxvdebiT mis fonetikur

variantebs. kerZod, t, T, w, c, Tanxmovnebis win –s; W, C Tanxmovnebis win –

S; j –win –J; d, Z, win –z; xolo p, f, k, j, y win –x; b, g, l, m, n, r, v win

–R; xmovnebis win - ø.

magaliTebi: Cem Ãmasa moxyev, - miZaxa (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i.

qavTaraZe. 1961 : 22);

Tu moxkmeWav TeTrs vaSlsa, maSi vaJ gagiCndebisav (iqve; 24);

yana xÃan, Tesli ar sTesi, ludi aduRe sviani, (a. WinWarauli, 1969: 302).

sad wamixolav? sakantalaod dazZvrebiv ganaev? (i. gigineiSvili, v.

Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:9);

Sen guli daswuxdebodis (a. SaniZe, 1984:44);

xTis mSobelo, Svelidi, swyalobdi, scevdi, xfarevdi avis dRisagan (iqve:

50);

arca dasTxie sisxli imisa (iqve: 50)

maSinis talavar sru daswvi, cxeneb sru daxÃoce.. (iqve: 60);

ras SCadiTav magasav? – (iqve: 17);

Sen nu Rnaxavav, manamd Cven ar vRnaxavTv (iqve: 62);

Svid mamas numc gaRberdebiTav da numc gasTavdebiTav (iqve : 22);

mravlobiTi forma subieqturi pirisa Cveulebriv –T sufiqsis darTviT

iwarmoeba.

mesame subieqturi piris niSnebia sufiqsebi –s, -a, iSviaTad –o, xSiria

SemTxvevebi, rodesac a-sa da s-s nacvlad niSani ar aris warmodgenili.

magaliTebi:

ø :- und iyvas Svidi-rva kaci-d’ magTveniv qali (i. gigineiSvili, v.

Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:7);

erT kac wav jvarCi mekvled (iqve: 8);

dila ro mav, ...i darbazCiiT Ãelosan gamav (iqve: 8);

Tu gaig ki, qurds dRe daadgebis, daiwyebs yvirils (iqve: 9);

xevsureT kacs rasam uTqom (iqve: 9);

Tu qal daiwyebd wunobas, maSi qmar Tavs ar gaanebebd (iqve: 10);

wavidod is kaci, daiwyebd Zalas... wamaiyvand Sina-d’ (iqve: 11);

141

amaxkrefd wyals, maitand Sin, Caasxemd ziscvarT da sru karaqad iqceod

(iqve: 21);

s: is, kaad iTvlebis, xalxs uxaris (iqve; 9);

sofelCi lxin gaimarTebis, axaluxal Saiyrebis erTada-d’ toS-fandurs

gaRmarTven (iqve : 9);

qurds dRe daadgebis, daiwyebs yvirils (iqve : 9);

Zalia eSinis xalxs mekvleTai (iqve : 8);

imaT darisxeba marTla axÃdebisav (iqve : 8);

a: iTiras RmerTi gagiwyra, gza vin gaswavla mTisao (a. WinWarauli, 1960:

366);

iwyina, gamaufrinda, gamaeria ÃmRTao (iqve : 366);

tyvia Tu Samamakldeba, faragTiT agWri Rilsao (iqve : 366);

RTiso cols eubneboda: `rad meferebi pirsao~ (iqve: 366);

o - Ãmal ro amaiRo, maxvd Tofic (iqve: 15);

mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTis formebi iwarmoeba ZiriTadad -es

sufiqsiT. kerZod, gardamavali da gardauvali zmnebis uwyvetelsa da

wyvetilSi.

mag: sanadiroSi ro Casuliyvnes, eyar wili (iqve: 18);

wasuliyvnes Tav-Tavis saxlebCi (iqve: 19);

mzegadenis dros, mixparebiyvnes nadirT (iqve: 19);

samni manani yarmani sWamdes (a. SaniZe, 1984 : 51);

xevsureb madiodes ZaugCiiT da sxveb Ãevsurebi SiniT midiodes (iqve: 54);

Seeyarnes erTuc snos (iqve 54);

gasaTreli sam Sauri Cvenav gamagvarTves rusebm (iqve: 54);

vxvdebiT -en, -an da -n sufiqsebsac:

memr mSavleb ro masvlian, coleulTadac ubarebav (i. gigineiSvili, v.

Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 15)

dausxmav jari da koSn miucian ÃelCi (iqve : 14)

sapirbewve ro aWmivan, ar varg, dawyeul as (iqve: 7);

jalabaurn xidotanze wamasulan (iqve : 15);

gamosWrian yels da ityvian (a. SaniZe, 1984:51)

dasxdebian iseni, ityvian daWrilzed ( iqve; 48)

mainc uSvelen da wasuliyv neTxas (iqve:19);

isr qisteb arxotions ar maxkvlen (iqve: 19);

142

qisteb gaWirvebaSi, gind Zmis mamklav naxan da wasuloyv (iqv.:19);

em samsaxuris patronebi Saixveweben, uSvelen, deÃmaren (iqve: 50);

cxens maagebeben isimc damTxvebis da moÃklavso (iqve: 60);

subieqturi piris niSnebi

mxolobiTi mravlobiTi

I v-~ø- ____________ v-~ø- ___________________ -T

II x-~s-~z-~S-~J-~R-~ø- ---------- x-~s-~z-~S-~J-~R-~ø- ________ -T

III ______-ø~-s~-a~-o _______________ -es~-en~-an~-n.

obieqturi piris niSnebi

pirveli obieqturi piris niSania m- prefiqsi iseve, rogorc

saliteraturo qarTulSi.

mag.:

isramc nu mamklav, ro erTiv qalaq ver vnaxaod’ (i. gigineiSvili, 9)

miac mammkiTav zamTar mamiswrobsav, damazrobsav. (iqve: gv.18);

pirveli obieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvi gamoixateba gv-

prefiqsiT, rogorc saliteraturo qarTulSi. mag.:

Cvenav magaT qala magvwonsav, netar ar magvcemenaev? (iqve 9);

meÃencleSi dagvetaneniTa (iqve 5);

ar gauSobTav, manamdin luds ar magvarTomTav. (iqve 9);

Sagviwyalen Cven yovelni (a. SaniZe 1984, 50);

gvacxona da gvakurTxivna uJjuloebni Cvenni. (iqve 51);

Sen gviÃsnen da Cven gvadidebT xolo kacisaTa (iqve 51)

meore obieqturi piris niSania g- prefiqsi iseve, rogorc saliteraturo

qarTulSi. mravlobiTis forma iwarmoeba -T sufiqsiT. mag:

Tqven magcasTav wyalobaiv, win mamavals, uken wamaval’av (i. gigineiSvili,

v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 8);

Tqveneb diSvilebiceev, arcru gebralebianTaev? (iqve, 14);

143

Sen mama dagakldebodas, Cem kval kaci mzes iarebodas, sityvas getyodas

(a. SaniZe, 1984:45);

mesame obieqturi piris niSani iseve, rogorc meore subieqturi piris

prefiqsebisa aris x da h-s fonetikuri variantebi.

aRniSnul piris niSnebTan dakavSirebiT metad mniSvnelovania ak. SaniZis

gamokvleva `subieqturi prefiqsi meore pirisa da obieqturi prefiqsi

mesame pirisa qarTul zmnebSi.~ avtori xevsurul kilosTan dakavSirebiT

aRniSnavs: xevsurulSi mesame obieqturi piris niSnis xmarebis wesi

arsebiTad gansxvavdeba sxva aRmosavluri kiloebisagan: qarTluri,

kaxuri, qiziyuri, fSauri da TuSuri. `ukanaskneli kiloebi martivad

ucqeren sakiTxs: mesame piris obieqturi niSani, - Tu fonetika ar ereva

saqmeSi, - ixmareba yovelTvis, roca zmnas micemiTSi aqvs damateba. am

kiloebSi saxelobiT damatebian zmnebs namyo srulSi sxva warmoeba aqvT

da awmyoSi kidev – sxva, radganac es zmnebi awmyoSi sintaqsur

konstruqcias icvlian da micemiT damatebiani xdebian. xevsurulSi ki

sul sxva movlenas vxedavT. awmyos jgufis dro-kiloebSi obieqturi

mesame pirisa aq uTuod da aucileblad mxolod imisTana zmnebs

moepovebaT, romlebic micemiT-damatebianadve rCeba namyo srulis

jgufisaSi~ (a. SaniZe, 1984: 242). amrigad, a. SaniZe Tvlis, rom xevsurulSi

mesame irib obieqturi piri aCens niSans zmnaSi. rac Seexeba mesame

pirdapiri obieqturi prefiqsis arseboba-ararsebobas, avtori ase

aanalizebs: `awmyosa da myofadis formebs Soris axal qarTulSi

sazogadod ganmasxvavebeli niSania mxolod preverbi. xevsuruli ki ufro

Sors wavida: igi Seecada, rom awmyosa da myofadis diferenciacias meti

formaluri mxare hqonoda, da am miznisaTvis man mesame piris obieqturi

niSani gamoiyena: igi miuCina myofadis formebs (mo-xklavs, dasawers),

xolo awmyosi da namyo usrulis formebi uamprefiqsod datova (klavs,

klavda, wers, werda), miuxedavad imisa, rom sintaqsuri konstruqcia

zmnisa awmyoSica da myofadSic erTi da igivea~ (iqve; 243);

Cveni azriT, pirdapiri obieqturi piris prefiqsis xmareba xevsurulSi

ase zustad, rogorc a.SaniZe aRniSnavs, ar aris mowesrigebuli. erTi

144

mxriv, pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSnebs vxvdebiT rogorc I seriis,

aseve II seriis formebTan, Tumca, es ukanaskneli iSviaTia, meore mxriv,

gvaqvs pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSani rogorc preverbian, aseve

upreverbo formebTanac. yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, Cven kvlav

im azris varT, rom pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSani, marTalia,

SedarebiT mTis da qarTl-kaxur dialeqtebTan xevsurulSi ufro

naklebad gvxvdeba, magram mainc aris warmodgenili zmnis formebSi da

mkacri wesi ar arsebobs.

O3 iribia, magaliTebi:

wuxrelani xqvian, rosac wuxrixan Saagroeben qalvaJT (i. gigineiSvili, v.

Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:5);

is dasturi Sinamde mixyvebis diasaxliss (iqve: 8);

imaT darisxeba marTla axÃdebisav (iqve:8);

imas samuka xqvivnebiv, berisZis Svil yofil (iqve: 15);

imaTav dai xyavisav (a. SaniZe, 1984:55);

imi monagebarT jinWarauli xqvian (iqve:53);

vaWaram, daRmegobrd, Saxyvarda im cols, imisas (iqve:328);

samuSeels masCan, qeifoben (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961:

5);

mzes davscdebiT Tqvens sworsao (iqve; 6);

sam wels mizdian da maklan (iqve; 12);

iqiT mosul ro vin Rgonebiyvav, imaadav (iqve:17);

es asmaTi, maRgebebiyv (iqve :20);

O3 pirdapiria, magaliTebi:

yanasa Taod maxmkian, Znasa Taod Saxyrian, aageben (iqve: 5);

xes wauTlian pirsa-d’ imiT xfxeken, bewvs gaaclian (iqve :6);

magasac Sin mavsTrio’ memrav vxkravav wixlsao’ gavagdebav (iqve: 11);

oÃSmobisas daxkvlen Tikans (iqve: 6);

zamTris dasTulisas gazafxul daxqsoven tolebs, memr gasTelven tols

(iqve:7);

gamaxÃdian arays (iqve:8);

amaxkrefd wyals, maitand Sin, Caasxemd ziscvarT da sru karaqad iqceod

(iqve: 21);

mgeli ki ara, ginda daTvi iyos, rogor ver moxvklavo (iqve: 23);

145

xeebs masWrian kacebi (iqve: 5);

fafas Casdeben xomikeebCi (iqve : 6);

xis keds maiReben, Sasdeben Sig, Cazelen tyavs (iqve :6);

is moswamlavs da mokvdebiso (iqve: 9);

imTven Soltad daRbRleZen tyavs (iqve:6);

zamTris diaceb gaRrecxen matyls mdinare wyalCi (iqve: 6);

is Tavis adgils ver daRlaÃavs (iqve: 12);

toS-fanduras gaRmarTven (iqve: 9);

sxvebs gaRgzavnis, sxvebs aduRebiebs (iqve: 12);

kuTxzeiT qvani daRglijna, dResac simurCi xyriana (iqve: 13);

kidobanCi Cazdgmen (iqve: 8);

Tqven zRublze feÃs ar Samavzdgamav (iqve: 10);

dila ro gaxenebd gaburi, yanaT gadamkilT Rnaxevd (iqve :21);

pirvelad oÃSams SWamen (iqve: 6);

xeebs ro vSWriTav, daiwyebenav qviTinsav (iqve: 18);

xevsurulSi, Zveli qarTulis msgavsad, nariani obieqtis mravlobiToba

gamoxatulia zmnaSi: qvani daRglijna; rboliT dakrifna zurabma

grZelni aragvis gzano; ar gamoreknas SigiTa, jurjiaulni ymanio...

pirTa kombinaciis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa, Semdegi:

1. S1O3 pirTa Sexvedrisas orive piris prefiqsia gamoxatuli zmnis

formaSi:

aras vswunobav magaTav (i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe, 1961: 9);

Tavis makvla gadavswyvitev (iqve: 17);

erTis litris qvabs Zroxad mivscemT (a. SaniZe, 1984:48);

SavswiraT RmerTs sxva dideba (iqve : 51);

mzes davscdebiT Tqvens sworsao (iqve: 44);

movsCebiT beCaobasa (iqve: 44);

droSaT Cqam gavigonev, maSin CavxÃdiv, ro kargad ar iyvav Cven saqmeio (i.

gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe 1961: 15);

saqons ro davxkravTao – d’ daizmuvlebsav (iqve: 18);

mgeli ki ara, ginda daTvi iyos, rogor ver moxvklavo (iqve:23);

xeebs ro vSWriTav, daiwyebenav qviTinsav (iqve: 18);

Tqven zRublze feÃs ar Samavzdgamav (iqve: 10);

146

2. S3O2sing da S3O2pl pirTa kombinaciebSi warmodgenilia orive piris niSani

da obieqturi piris mravlobiToba. magaliTebi:

sikvdilisad sicocxle qondasT, Tqven daglocnasT (a. SaniZe, 1984:48);

narComT Tqven jvar dagwerasT (iqve: 44);

imis wyaloba gqondasT (a. WinWarauli, 1960: 102);

dasturs dasturoba nu SagananasT (iqve: 102);

warmovadgenT obieqtur piris niSanTa cxrils:

mxolobiTi mravlobiTi

I m- ____________________ gv-~v- ____________ -en~-n

II g- ___________________ g- _____________ -T, -ø, -en~-n

III x-~s-~z-~S-~R-~J-~ø- ____ x-~s-~z-~S-~R-~J-~ø- ____ -T, -ø, -en~-n

Aamrigad, xevsurul dialeqtSi iseve, rogorc TuSurSi, SeiniSneba piris

niSanTa alomorfTaA simcire SedarebiT fSaurTan da moxeurTan.

rogorc cnobilia, xevsurulSi ara gvaqvs h fonema, amdenad subieqturi

meore da obieqturi mesame (rogorc iribis, aseve pirdapiris) pirTa

niSnebi ZiriTadad x- prefiqsiT da h- fonematuri variantebiT

warmogvidgeba.

aRniSnul dialeqtSi nariani formiT gamoxatuli obieqtis simravle

yovelTvis aRiniSneba zmnaSi –en~-n sufiqsiT. Pparalelurad aris

micemiTSi dasmuli saxelis mravlobiTobis aRniSvnac –T sufiqsiT.

xevsurulSi SeiniSneba tendencia, micemiTSi dasmuli obieqtis (rogorc

iribis, aseve pirdapiris ) zmnis formaSi warmoCena, magram aqve unda

aRiniSnos, rom zogjer saxelobiTSi dasmuli obieqtic gamoxatulia

zmnaSi, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom aRniSnul dialeqtSi piris niSnebi

Tavisuflad monacvleoben.

147

dialeqturi masalis Seswavlam zmnis formaSi piris niSanTa

gamoxatvasTan dakavSirebiT Semdegi suraTi gviCvena:

1 pirveli subieqturi piri yvela dialeqtSi v- prefiqsiTaa warmodgenili

iseve, rogorc es gvaqvs saliteraturo enaSi, vxvdebiT mis fonetikur

variantebs.

rac Seexeba mravlobiTis formas, igi -T sufiqsiT iwarmoeba.

2. meore subieqturi piris prefiqsi rogorc baris, aseve mTis

dialeqtebSi saliteraturo enis msgavsad, warmodgenilia ZiriTadad x-.

h-, s-, nulovani alomorfebiT, magram dialeqtebis mixedviT amaT garda,

sxva damatebiTi fonetikuri variantebic gvxvdeba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom baris (qarTlur da kaxur) dialeqtebSi, gansxvavebiT

mTis dialeqtebisagan, meore subieqturi piris niSani nel-nela sustdeba

da TandaTan Zlierdeba pirveli subuiqturi piris prefiqsi.

mravlobiTis forma pirveli subieqturi piris msgavsad –T sufiqsiT

iwarmoeba.

3. mesame subieqturi piris niSani –s, -a, -o, -Ø sufiqsebia, romlebic

ZiriTadad baris dialeqtebSi gvxvdeba. rac Seexeba mTis dialeqtebs, aq

mesame subieqturi piris niSnad xSirad nulovani alomorfi gvaqvs.

samagierod, TiTqmis yvela poziciaSi aris gamoyenebuli meore

subieqturi piris niSani da formaTa damTxveva ar xdeba.

mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis forma rogorc baris, aseve

mTis dialeqtebSi gardamaval da gardauval zmnebTan, uwyvetelsa da

wyvetilSi ZiriTadad –es sufiqsiT gamoixateba, Tumca vxvdebiT –en, -an,

-n, -nen sufiqsian formebsac.

sainteresoa, rom mesame subieqturi piris niSnebi rogorc mxolobiTis,

aseve mravlobiTis dialeqtebTan SedarebiT Tanamedrove saliteraturo

enaSi mowesrigebulia, rac ganpirobebulia morfologiurad. aRniSnul

alomorfTa gamovlenas ganapirobebs ara fonologia, aramed romelime

148

morfologiuri kategoria (mwkrivi, kilo, gvari). rac Seexeba dialeqtebs,

es procesi, rogorc Cans, jer ar aris dawyebuli, magram Zveli sistemac

aRar moqmedebs, romlis mixedviTac, Cveni azriT, am niSnebs pirisa da

ricxvis garda, raRac sxva morfologiuri kategoriis gamoxatva hqonda

dakisrebuli da piri nulovani alomorfiT gamoixateboda. Ppirveli da

meore piris formebi rogorc subieqturi, aseve obieqturi mxolod

adamians miewereba. mesame piris formebSi erTiandeba usulo da sulieri

rogorc adamianis, aseve yvela sulieri arseba. sul cota sami jgufi

gamoiyofa (SeiZleba metic). SesaZlebelia, mesame pirSi am sami jgufis

diferenciacia xdeboda da es iyo ufro mniSvnelovani, vidre piris

aRniSvna zmnis formaSi. Aamitomac dasaSvebia mesame pirSi gvqonoda

nulovani alomorfi, magram yovelive es dadasturebulad Cvenamde

moRweuli ar aris. Cven mxolod dialeqtebisa da Zveli qarTulis

masalis mixedviT vxedavT, rom mesame piris formebSi, erTi mxriv,

niSanTa simravlea da, meore mxriv, mxolobiTi ricxvis mesame pirSi

ufro gamokveTilad nulovani alomorfia gamoyenebuli mTis

dialeqtebSi, rac Cveni azriT, misTvis Cveuli forma unda yofiliyo.

maSasadame, Zveli sistema moiSala rogorc baris, aseve mTis

dialeqtebSi, magram baris dialeqtebSi axal sistemaze gadasvla

dawyebuli Cans, vfiqrobT, mTis dialeqtebic aseT gzas gaivlis.

4. obieqturi pirveli piri rogorc pirdapiri, aseve iribi m- prefiqsiT

aris gamoxatuli, xolo mravlobiTis forma gv- prefiqsiT iwarmoeba.

5. obieqturi meore piri g- prefiqsiT aRiniSneba mxolobiTsa da

mravlobiTSi. mravlobiTobas –T sufiqsi gamoxatavs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom obieqturi pirveli da meore piris niSnebi yvela

dialeqtSi yvela pirTa kombinaciaSi aris warmodgenili da arasodes

ikargeba. dialeqtebSic mxolod maT fonetikur variantebs vxvdebiT.

6. mesame obieqtur pirSi rogorc iribs, aseve pirdapirs erTnairi niSnebi

aqvT. Kkidev metic, erTnairi fonetikuri alomorfebiT gamoixateba, rac

daadastura dialeqturi masalis Seswavlamac.

149

amrigad, logikuria davaskvnaT, rom, Tu pirvel da meore pirSi pirdapir

da irib obieqtebs erTnairi niSnebi aqvT, mesameSic erTnairi eqnebaT.

rac Seexeba maT warmoCenas zmnaSi, saliteraturo enisagan gansxvavebiT,

dialeqtebSi bevrad ufro Tavisufali viTarebaa: irib obieqts xan aqvs,

xan ara aqvs niSani, igive iTqmis pirdapir obieqtzec. igi xan niSniT, xan

uniSnodaa warmodgenili, rasac ganapirobebs zmnis formaSi pirveli da

meore obieqturi piris niSnebis myarad gamoyeneba. radgan pirveli da

meore obieqturi pirebi rogorc iribi, aseve pirdapiri erTi da imave

morfemebiT gamoixateba yovelTvis, maTTan SepirispirebiT mesame

obieqtur pirs eqneba raime gamomxatveli morfema, Tu nulovani

alomorfi, morfonologiuri TvalsazrisiT mniSvneloba ara aqvs. Aamaze

metyvelebs swored is faqtic, rom dialeqtebSi mesame obieqturi pirebis

niSnebi Tavisuflad monacvleoben.

vfiqrobT, dialeqtebic im gzas daadgnen, rasac saliteraturo ena,

romelmac gaiTavisufla Tavi pirvel rigSi mesame pirdapiri obieqturi

piris niSnisagan TiTqmis yvelgan, radgan es piri umetesad aris usulo

da pirucvleli. Aaqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom pircvalebadi pirdapiri

obieqtis niSniani formebi, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, dadasturebulia

Zvel qarTulSi da axal qarTulSic gvxvdeba. rac Seexeba irib obieqtur

pirs, misi gamoxatva sagrZnoblad SeizRuda saliteraturo qarTulSi.

igi ixmareba mxolod xSulebis win da aqac nel-nela nuls utoldeba.

magaliTad: b da f bgerebis win (bardeba, baton-patronobs, flobs,..).

savaraudoa, rom mesame iribi obieqtis piric mesame pirdapiri obieqtis

beds gaiziarebs.

7. mravlobiTi ricxvis formebi ganviTarebis garkveul process

gviCvenebs dialeqtebSi. kerZod, narian saxelobiTSi mdgari saxeli

iTanxmebs mTis dialeqtebSi zmnas ricxvSi da aRiniSneba –en~-n sufiqsiT

da aseve eb-iani mravlobiTic Zlierdeba da micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli

saxelic iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi da aRiniSneba –T sufiqsiT, vxvdebiT

orives, kombinirebul formebsac –en~-n-T.

150

rac Seexeba baris dialeqtebs, is ukve saliteraturo enis normebs

uaxlovdeba da micemiT brunvaSi dasmul saxels iTanxmebs ricxvSi, Tu

is aris sulieri.

zmnaSi pirisa da ricxvis sakiTxebis gaanalizebis dros ar SeiZleba ar

gaviTvaliswinoT arn. Ciqobavas cnobili naSromi “martivi winadadebis

problema qarTulSi”,romelSic gaanalizebulia Zveli qarTulis

monacemebi V-X saukuneebis CaTvliT. siaxle am naSromisa aris

koordinaciis Teoria, rac gulisxmobs aqtiuri zmnis qvemdebarisa da

damatebebis urTierTobas SemasmenelTan, gansxvavebiT indoevropuli

enebisagan. qarTulSi subieqti da obieqtebi brunvacvalebadi sityvebia,

romlebic zmna-SemasmenelTan dakavSirebulia saurTierTo marTviT,

xolo ricxvSi ki maT Soris xdeba SeTanxmeba. rodesac qvemdebare da

damatebebi dgas nar-Tanian mravlobiTSi am Teoriis mixedviT -eb

sufiqsiani mravlobiTi SeTanxmebaSi ar monawileobs: kacTa Tques; Sdr.

Kkacman Tqua da kacebman Tqua; sityuani vTquen; Sdr. sityua vTqu da

sityvebi vTqu:

am Teoriis mixedviT sampiriani aqtivis pirdapiri damateba aris umciresi

koordinati: SemasmenelSi piri ar aRiniSneba, ricxvi ki markirebulia.

amasTan dakavSirebiT 1968 wlis meore gamocemis winasityvaobaSi

vkiTxulobT:”im TaviTve specialistebis seriozuli SeniSvna gamoiwvia

debulebam: Zveli qarTulis gardamaval zmnaSi SeiZleba aRiniSnebodes

mravlobiTi ricxvi obieqtisa, piri ki aRuniSvneli rCebodeso.

Tu piri ar aRiniSneba, ricxvis aRniSvna rogorRa aris SesaZlebelio!

Ees SeniSvna safuZvliani gveCvena: pirovani uRvlilebisaTvis am SeniSvnas

Zala aqvs. Mmagram rodesac Zveli qarTuli zmnis uRvlilebaSi v.

Tofuriam daadastura klasovani uRvlilebis kvali, viTareba Seicvala:

klasovani uRvlileba gardamavali zmnisa aRniSnavs obieqts saxelobiT

brunvaSi- mis klassa da mravlobiTobas, pirs ki-ara. Aamrigad, moixsna

sakiTxi ori obieqtis piris aRniSvnisa qarTuli enis gardamaval zmnaSi;

gasagebi gaxda, ratomaa, rom gardamavali zmnis subieqtur=obieqtur

uRvlilebaSi SeiZleba gvqondes subieqtisa da mxolod erTi obieqtis

151

piris niSani, ori obieqtis piri ki zmnaSi erTad ar dasturdeba” (arn

Ciqobava, 1968: 013).

aq arn. Ciqobavas mxedvelobaSi aqvs kavkasiur enaTa klasovani

uRvlilebis pirovanze gadasvlis specifika: piris niSnad gamoyenebuli

nacvalsaxelebi subieqtis pirsac gamoxataven da ricxvsac, magaliTad,

wova-TuSurSi v-aÃvin-as (“gavzarde” vaJi) formis v- prefiqsi mamakacis

klass gamoxatavs, romelic aq pirdapiri obieqtia, xolo nacvalsaxeli

-as (“me” ergativSi) aq ukve pirveli piris niSania; mravlobiT ricxvSi

subieqtis piris niSani Seicvleba isev nacvalsaxeluri -aTx “Cven”

sufiqsiT: vaÃvinaTx “gavzardeT” (mamakaci) Cven.

rac Seexeba pirdapir obieqts, mas piri arc mxolobiT ricxvSi

gamoexateba da arc mravlobiTSi. mravlobiTSi icvleba v- klasis niSani

b- klasis niSniT: baÃbinas “gavzarden”(vaJni), pirveli klasis saxelis

simravle b- klasis niSniT gadmoicema, maSasadame, piris niSani pirdapir

obieqts arc mravlobiT ricxvSi gasCenia. baÃbinaTx “gavzardeniT”(Cuen vaJni)

-aTx sufiqsi gamoxatavs subieqtis pirsa da ricxvs(mr.), b- prefiqsi miuTiTebs

obieqtis simravleze.

davubrundeT Zvel qarTuls. aq gvaqvs sampiriani zmnis formebi, romlebic

pirdapiri obieqtis ricxvTan erTad mis pirsac gamoxataven, magaliTad: xolo

ekrZalebodeT kacTagan, rameTu migcnen Tquen krebulebsa (adiSis oTxTavi, 2003:

m.10,57) mi-g-c-n-e-n formaSi g- prefiqsi meore pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSania,

xolo -n sufiqsi am piris simravles gamoxatavs. sampirian aqtivebSi, romelTac

pircvalebadi pirdapiri obieqti Seewyoba, analogiuri formebi Cveulebrivia.

MmagaliTad: RmerTman migucna ÃelTa TquenT (k kekeliZe, 1946:76). arn. Ciqobavas

koordinaciis TeoriiT, ra Tqma unda, pirdapiri obieqti did koordinatad unda

miviCnioT (Semasmenels pirSi marTavs da ricxvSi iTanxmebs).

fonologiurad obieqtur pirTa erTdrouli markireba SeuZlebelia,

morfologiurad EerT-erTi obieqti nulovani alomorfiT unda gamoixatos,

kerZod, pirucvleli obieqti (T. uTurgaiZe,2002:28).

Catarebuli analizis Semdeg dgeba sakiTxi pirTa kombinaciis Sesaxeb: rogor

gamoixateba zmnis formaSi pirisa da ricxvis kategoriebi Tanamedrove

qarTulSi da ra SesaZleblobebi aqvs enas.

152

Tavi V

erTpiriani zmnebi Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi

Zveli qarTuli

v-brwyinav v-kunesi v-tir v-dga ∅-uwyi

x-brwyinav x-kunesi x-tir x-dga x-uwyi

brwyinav-s kunesi-s tir-s dga-s uwyi-s

v-brwyinav-T v-kunesi-T v-tir-T v-dga-T ∅-uwyi-T

x-brwyinav-T x-kunesi-T x-tir-T x-dga-T x-uwyi-T

brwyinv-en kunesi-an tiri-an dgan-an uwyi-an

v-imalebi Se-∅-orguldi Se-v-wuxnebi gan-v-tfebi

x-imalebi Se-x-orguldi Se-x-wuxnebi gan-x-tfebi

imalebi-s Se-orguld-a Se-wuxnebi-s gan-tfebi-s

v-imalebi-T Se-∅-orguldi-T Se-v-wuxnebi-T gan-v-tfebi-T

x-imalebi-T Se-x-orguldi-T Se-x-wuxnebi--T gan-x-tfebi-T

imalebi-an Se-orguld-es Se-wuxnebi-an gan-tfebi-an

axali qarTuli

v-brwyinav v-kvnesi v-tiri v-dga-var v-uwyi

∅-brwyinav ∅-kvnesi ∅-tir ∅-dga-xar ∅-uwyi

brwyinav-s kunesi-s tiri-s dga-s uwyi-s

v-brwyinav-T v-kvnesi-T v-tiri-T v-dga-var-T v-uwyi-T

∅-brwyinav-T ∅-kvnesi-T ∅-tiri-T ∅-dga-xar-T ∅-uwyi-T

brwyinav-en kvnesi-an tiri-an dgan-an uwyi-an

v-imalebi Se-v-orguldi Se-v-wuxdebi v-Tbebi

∅-imalebi Se-∅-orguldi Se-∅-wuxdebi ∅-Tbebi

imaleb-a Se-orguld-a Se-wuxdeb-a Tbeb-a

v-imalebi-T Se-v-orguldi-T Se-v-wuxdebi-T v-Tbebi-T

∅-imalebi-T Se-∅-orguldi-T Se-∅-wuxdebi-T ∅-Tbebi-T

imalebi-an Se-orguld-nen Se-wuxdebi-an Tbebi-an

153

subieqturi pirveli piris prefiqsi v- Zvel qarTulSi TiTqmis yvelgan

gamoiyeneboda, garda ramdenime SemTxvevisa: a) o da u fuZeebiT dawyebul

zmnebTan nulovani alomorfiT iyo warmodgenili, rac ganpirobebuli

iyo fonetikuri faqtoriT. (v+o→∅+o), v+u→∅+u). magaliTebi: me uwyi, Se-

orguldi. axal qarTulSi imave poziciaSi saliteraturo enis normis

mixedviT v- ixmareba (Tumca Cveulebriv metyvelebaSi is ar ismis): me

v-uwyi, Se-v-orguldi.

b) Zvel qarTulSi v-Ti dawyebul fuZeebTan piris niSani ikargeboda:

varjiSob, vardebi. axal qarTulSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, subieqturi

piris niSani am SemTxvevaSi, normis mixedviT, yovelTvisaa zmnis formaSi

warmodgenili: me v-vardebi, me v-varjiSob....

g) val/ved/vid zmnebTan rogorc Zvel, aseve axal qarTulSi ar gvaqvs

pirveli subieqturi piris niSani. vfiqrobT, swored am niSnis uqonlobam

ganapiroba amave zmnebSi meore subieqturi piris niSnis x- prefiqsis

Semonaxva adreuli periodidan _ dRemde. pirveli subieqturi piris

mravlobiToba rogorc Zvel, aseve axal qarTulSi gadmocemulia -T

sufiqsiT:

Zv. qarT.: v-brwyinav-T, v-kunesi-T, v-tir-T, v-dgaT, ∅-uwyi-T, v-imalebi-T,

Se-∅-orguldi-T, Se-v-wuxnebi-T, gan-v-tfebi-T....

ax. qarT. v-brwyinav-T, v-kvnesi-T, v-tiri-T, v-dga-var-T, v-uwyi-T, v-imalebi-

T, Se-v-orguldi-T, Se-v-wux-d-ebi-T, v-Tbebi-T.

meore subieqturi piris niSani Zvel qarTulSi erTpirian zmnaSi

yovelTvis iyo warmodgenili |x-| morfemiT: x-brwyinav, x-kunesi, x-tir,

x-dga, x-uwyi, x-imalebi, Se-x-orguldi. Se-wux-n-ebi, gan-x-tfebi. saSual

qarTulSi, rogorc cnobilia, x-s h- enacvleba, ufro gvian ki ixmareba h-

da misi fonetikuri variantebi: s-, S-, ∅-: h-brwyinav, h-kunesi, s-tir, s-dga, ∅-

uwyi, imalebi, Se-∅-orduldi, Se-s-wux-n-ebi, s-tfebi.., xolo axal qarTulSi

subieqturi meore piris niSani yvelgan ∅ alomorfiTaa warmodgenili, garda

xar/xval/xved/xvid formebisa: ∅-brwyinav, ∅-kvnesi, ∅-tiri, ∅-dga-xar, ∅-uwyi,

∅-imalebi, Se-∅-orguldi, Se-∅-wuxd-ebi, ∅-Tbebi.

154

meore subieqturi piris mravlobiToba Zvel da axal qarTulSi

gamoxatulia –T sufiqsiT, romelic erTpirian zmnebSi yovelTvis aris

warmodgenili.

Zv. qarT.: x-brwyinav-T, x-kunesi-T, x-tir-T, x-dga-T, x-uwyi-T, x-imalebi-T,

Se-x-orguldi-T, Se-x-wuxnebi-T, x-tfbebi-T...

ax. qarT.: ∅-brwyinav-T, ∅-kvnesi-T, ∅-tiri-T, ∅-dga-xarT, ∅-uwyi-T, ∅-

imalebi-T, Se-∅-orguldi-T, Se-∅-wux-d-ebi-T, ∅-Tbebi-T.

rac Seexeba mesame subieqtur pirs, awmyoSi Zvel qarTulSi -s morfema

yovelgvar zmnasTan gvxvdeba. axal qarTulSi, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo -s

gvxvdeba moqmedebiTi, saSuali gvaris zmnebTan. vnebiTi gvaris zmnebSi

axal qarTulSi mesame subieqturi piris niSani aris -a.

Zv. qarT.: brwyinav-s, kunesi-s, tir-s, dga-s, uwyi-s, imalebi-s, Se-wuxnebi-s,

tfebi-s...

ax. qarT.: brwyinav-s, kvnesi-s, tiri-s, dga-s, uwyi-s, imaleb-a, Se-wuxdeb-a,

Tbeb-a.

mocemul magaliTebSi mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis

niSnad -en da -an sufiqsebia warmodgenili rogorc Zvel, aseve axal

qarTulSi. –en sufiqsi awmyoSi ixmareba TanxmovniT damTavrebul

fuZeebTan Zvel da axal qarTulSic. -an sufiqsi gvxvdeba i-ze

damTavrebul zmnebSi rogorc Zvel, aseve axal qarTulSi da zogierT

saSual zmnasTan.

Zv. qarT.: kunesi-an, tiri-an, uwyi-an, x-imalebi-an, Se-wuxnebi-an, gan-tfebi-

an, dgan-an Can-an.

ax. qarT.: kvnesi-an, tiri-an, uwyi-an, imalebi-an, Sewuxdebi-an, Tbebi-an,

dgan-an, Can-an.

gansakuTrebiT gvinda aRvniSnoT `dganan~ tipis zmnebi. -an mravlobiTi

ricxvis mesame subieqturi piris niSnis win `an~ infiqsi gamoiyofa.

amasTan dakavSirebiT samecniero literaturaSi gansxvavebuli

mosazrebebi arsebobs.

155

arn. Ciqobava wers: `Zvel qarTulSi aris aSkara niSnebi imisa, rom –an

winaT mxolod mravlobiTobas aRniSnavda, piris formanti ki calke iyo:

dga-n-an: -n mesame piris sufiqsia, -n mravlobiTobis maCvenebeli; Sdr., v-

dga-T, romelSiac piris maCvenebelic aris (oRond prefiqsi) da

ricxvisac. ese igi, mesame piri mravlobiTisa imave principis mixedviT

iyo agebuli, rogoriTac meore da pirvelio~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1968: 163).

sainteresoa l. kiknaZis mosazreba. avtori asabuTebs an-an sufiqsebis

warmomavlobas:

1. an-an daboloeba mxolod saSuali gvaris garkveuli rigis zmnebs aqvT.

2. es sadavo n, mxolod I seriis mwkrivebSia warmodgenili, piris niSnis

gamoxatva ki zmnis mwkrivebze ar aris damokidebuli.

3. n gvxvdeba savrcobian formebSi savrcobis win (Canda, myvanda, myvandes),

roca mesame subieqturi piris niSani Tavis adgilasaa warmodgenili.

4. TviT am n-s gverdiTac aris mesame piris subieqturi niSani: Cans, aquns,

Cann, aqunn.

5. n aris I da II piris formebSic:L vCan(var), sCan(xar), vhyvandi, mohyvandi,

dialeqturi vdganvar, dganxar.

6. auxsneli rCeba -a-s arseboba n-s win: dg-a-n-an, C-a-n-an, wv-a-n-an.

aRniSnuli a da momdevno n erTad fuZis sawarmoebeli sufiqsia da maTi

gamoyofa da danawileba SeuZlebelia.

7. gaurkveveli iqneba a-s funqcia n-s Semdeg dialeqtur formebSi: Cana,

dgana, wvana.

8. sadavo n aris masdarul formebSi (Cena, qona...).

9. n gvxvdeba am rigis Sesabamisi moqmedebiTisa da vnebiTi gvaris,

agreTve masdarul formebSi (aCens/aCinebs, adgens/ adginebs; gamoCnda,

dadginda, gamoCena, gamoCineba, dadgena, dadgineba) (l. kiknaZe, 1946; 163-176;

l. kiknaZe, 1947: 123-144)).

amrigad, dganan, Canan wvanan zmnebSi –an garkveuli jgufis saSuali

gvaris zmnebis fuZis sawarmoebeli sufiqsia. Cven viziarebT l. kiknaZis

mosazrebas da vfiqrobT, rom -an- infiqsi saSuali gvaris zmnebis

mawarmoebeli sufiqsi unda yofiliyo, romelic dResac SemorCenilia

zogierT zmnaSi: wvanan, Canan, dganan...

156

Tavi VI

orpiriani gardauvali zmnebis pirTa kombinaciebi Zvelsa

da axal qarTulSi

Zveli qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 ∅-g-

evedrebi

xu-evedrebi ∅-g-

evedrebi

x-u-

evedrebi

2 ∅-m-

evedrebi

∅-x-

evedrebi

∅-gu-

evedrebi

∅-m-evedrebi

∅-x-

evedrebi

3 m-

evedrebi-s

g-evedrebi-s x-evedrebi-

s

gu-evedrebi-

s

m-evedrebi-s

g-evedrebi-

s

x-evedrebi-

s

1p ∅-g-

evedrebi-T

xu-

evedrebi-T

∅-g-

evedrebi-T

x-u-

evedrebi-T

2p ∅-m-eved-

rebi-T

∅-x-

evedrebi-T

∅-gu-

evedrebi-T

∅-m-evedrebi-

T

∅-x-

evedrebi-T

3p m-

evedrebi-

an

g-evedrebi-

an

x-evedrebi-

an

gu-evedrebi-

an

m-evedrebi-an

g-evedrebi-

an

x-evedrebi-

an

axali qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 ∅-g-evedrebi v-∅-

evedrebi

∅-g-

evedrebi-T

v-∅-evedrebi

2 ∅-m-

evedrebi

∅-∅-

evedrebi

∅-gv-

evedrebi

∅-∅-

evedrebi

3 m-evedreb-

a

g-evedreb-a ∅-evedreb-a gv-evedreb-a g-evedreb-a-

T

Ø-evedreb-a

1p ∅-g-

evedrebi-T

v-∅-

evedrebi-T

∅-g-

evedrebi-T-

Ø

v-∅-

evedrebi-T

2p ∅-m-eved-

rebi-T

∅-∅-

evedrebi-T

Ø-gv-

evedrebi-T

∅-∅-

evedrebi-T

3p m-

evedrebi-

an

g-evedrebi-

an

Ø-evedrebi-

an

gv-evedrebi-

an

g-evedrebi-

an-∅ ∅-evedrebi-

an

157

Zveli qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 0-g-gonie *v-x-gonie

>x-u-gonie

∅-g-gonie *v-x-gonie>

x-u-gonie

2 ∅-m-gonie ∅-x-gonie ∅-gu-gonie

∅-m-gonie

∅-x-gonie

3 m-gon-i-e-s g-gonie-s x-gonie-s m-gonie-s

gu-gonie-s

g-gonie-s x-gonie-s

1p ∅-g-gonie-

T

*v-x-gonie-

T

>x-u-gonie-

T

∅-g-gonie-T *v-x-gonie-T

>x-u-gonie-T

2p ∅-m-gonie-

T

∅-x-gonie-

T

∅-gu-gonie-

T

0-m-gonie-T

∅-x-gonie-T

3p m-goni-an g-goni-an x-goni-an gu-goni-an

m-goni-an

g-goni-an x-goni-an

axali qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 ∅-g-goni-var v-h-goni-var

v-Ø-goni-

var

∅-g-goni-

var-T

v-h-goni-

var

v-Ø-goni-

var

2 m-goni-xar h-goni-xar gv-goni-xar h-goni-xar

3 m-goni-a g-goni-a h-goni-a gv-goni-a g-goni-a-T h-goni-a-T

1p g-goni-var-T v-h-goni-

var-T

v-Ø-goni-

var-T

g-goni-var-

T

v-h-goni-

var-T

v-Ø-goni-

var-T

2p m-goni-

xar-T

h-goni-xar-

T

gv-goni-xar-

T

h-goni-xar-

T

3p m-goni-a g-goni-a h-goni-a-T gv-goni-a g-goni-a-T h-goni-a-T

158

Zveli qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 ∅-g-patro-

nob

x-u-patronob ∅-g-

patro-

nob

x-u-

patronob

2 ∅-m-

patro-

nob

∅-x-

patronob

∅-gu-patronob

∅-m-patronob

∅-x-

patronob

3 m-patro-

nob-s

g-

patronob-s

x-patronob-s gu-patronob-s

m-patronob-s

g-patro-

nob-s

x-patro-

nob-s

1p ∅-g-patro-

nob-T

x-u-

patronob-T

∅-g-

patro

nob-T

x-u-

patro-

nob-T

2p ∅-m-

patro-

nob-T

∅-x-

patronob-T

∅-gu-patronob-T

∅-m-patronob-T

∅-x-

patro-

nob-T

3p m-patro-

nob-en

g-

patronoben

x-patronob-

en

gu-patronob-en

m-patronob-en

g-patro-

noben

x-patro-

nob-en

axali qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 ∅-g-

patronob

v-h-

patronob

v-Ø-

patronob

∅-g-

patronob-T

v-h-patronob

v-Ø-

patronob

2 ∅-m-

patronob

∅-h-

patronob

∅-gv-

patronob

∅-h-patro-

nob

3 m-patro-

nob-s

g-patronob-

s

h-

patronob-s

gv-patronob-

s

g-patro-

nob-Ø-T

h-patronob-

-s

1p ∅-g-

patronob-T

v-h-patron-

ob-T

v-Ø-patro-

nob-T

∅-g-

patronob-

T-Ø

v-h-

patronob-T

v-Ø-

patronob-T

2p ∅-m-patro-

nob-T

∅-h-patro-

nob-T

∅-gv-

patronob-T

∅-h-

patronob-T

3p m-patro-

nob-en

g-patronob-

en

h-patro-nob-en

gv-patronob-

en

g-

patronob-

en-Ø

h-patronob-

en

159

Zveli qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 ∅-g-iyuar ∅-x-uyuar ∅-g-iyuar ∅-x-uyuar

2 ∅-m-iyuar ∅-x-uyuar ∅-gu-iyuar

∅-m-iyuar

Ø-x-uyuar

3 m-iyuar-s g-iyuar-s x-uyuar-s gu-iyuar-s

m-iyuar-s

g-iyuar-s x-uyuar-s

1p ∅-g-iyuar-T ∅-x-uyuar-

T

∅-g-iyuar-T ∅-x-uyuar-

T

2p ∅-m-

iyuar-T

∅-x-uyuar-

T

∅-gu-iyuar-T

∅-m-iyuar-T

∅-x-uyuar-

T

3p m-iyuar-an g-iyuar-an x-uyuar-an gu-iyuar-an

m-iyuar-an

g-iyuar-an x-uyuar-an

axali qarTuli

O

S 1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 g-iyvar-

var v-∅-uyvar-var g-iyvar-var-

T v-∅-uyvar-

var

2 m-iyvar-xar ∅-∅-uyvar-

xar

gv-iyvar-

xar

∅-∅-uyvar-

xar

3 m-iyvar-s g-iyvar-s ∅-uyvar-s gv-iyvar-s g-iyvar- Ø-T ∅-uyvar- Ø-T

1p g-iyvar-

var-T v-∅-uyvar-

var-T

g-iyvar-var-

T-Ø

v-∅-uyvar-

var-T

2p m-iyvar-xar-

T

∅-∅-uyvar-

xar-T

gv-iyvar-

xar-T

∅-uyvar-xar-

T

3p m-iyvar-s g-iyvar-s ∅-uyvar-s gv-iyvar-s g-iyvar-T ∅-uyvar-T

160

Zveli qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 ∅-g-Zul x-u-Zul ∅-g-Zul x-u-Zul

2 ∅-m-Zul ∅-x-Zul ∅-gu-Zul

∅-m-Zul

∅-x-Zul

3 m-Zul-s g-Zul-s x-Zul-s gu-Zul-s

m-Zul-s

g-Zul-s x-Zul-s

1p Ø-g-Zul-

T

∅-x-Zul-

T

∅-g-Zul-T x-u-Zul-T

2p ∅-m-Zul-

T

∅-x-Zul-

T

∅-gu-Zul-T

∅-m-Zul-T

∅-x-Zul-T

3p m-Zul-an g-Zul-an x-Zul-an gu-Zul-an

m-Zul-an

g-Zul-an x-Zul-an

axali qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 g-Zul-var v-s-Zulvar//

v-Ø-Zul-var

g-Zul-

var-T

v-s-Zul-

var//

v-Ø-Zul-

var

2 m-Zul-xar ∅-s-Zulxar gv-Zul-xar s-Zul-xar

3 m-Zul-s g-Zul-s s-Zul-s gv-Zul-s g-Zul-T sZul-T

1p g-Zul-var-

T

v-s-Zulxar-

T//

v-Ø-Zul-

xar-T

g-Zul-

var-T-Ø

v-s-Zulvar-

T//v-Ø-Zul-

var-T

2p m-Zulxar-

T

∅-s-Zulxar-

T

gv-Zulxar-

T

s-Zul-xarT

3p m-Zul-s g-Zul-s s-Zul-s gv-Zul-s g-Zul-T s-Zul-T

161

warmodgenili iyo orpiriani gardauvali zmnebis pirTa konbinaciebi

Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi, kerZod, dinamikuri eniani vnebiTi _ vevedrebi,

statikuri vnebiTi - xugonie, saSual-moqmedebiTi _ xpatronobs, saSual-

vnebiTi _ miyvars, mZuls. bolo ori zmnis Sesaxeb calke gveqneba

saubari.

rogorc cnobilia, gramatikulad ikrZaleba Semdegi kombinaciebi: S1O1d,

S1O1ind, S1

pO1d, S1

pO1ind, S1

pO1dp, S1

pO1indp, S1O1

dp, S1O1indp, S2O2

d, S2O2ind, S2

pO2ind, S2

pO2ind,

S2pO2

ind, S2pO2

ind, S2O2dp, S2O2

indp. marTalia, aRniSnuli kombinaciebi

fonematurad ikrZaleba S1O1d, S1O1

ind S2O2d, S2O2

ind..., e.i. │vm│, │xg│, radgan

Seqmnilia arabunebrivi kombinacia, romelic gamoricxulia erTi

morfemis farglebSi sityvis Tavkidurad (pauza _ V pozicia), magram

amgvari kombinaciebi gvxvdeboda Zvel qarTulSi, sadac `Tavi~ asrulebda

piris nacvalsaxelis funqcias: `gardaigde (Sen) Tavi Seni _ S2O2d, ar

Tavni gavazanteniT (Cuen). rac Seexaba III pirs, SesaZlebelia erT

formaSi ramdenime mesame piri gvqondes: S3O3d, S3

pO3ind, S3O3

dO3ind da a.S.

kombinaciaSi S1O2ind (g-evedrebi, g-gonie, g-patronob), S1 piris niSani

niSani v- ar aris warmodgenili da arc arasdros yofila. rogorc T.

uTurgaiZe aRniSnavs, es movlenaganekuTvneba morfonologiis sferos |vg|

erTi morfemis farglebSi dauSvebeli kompleqsia, amitom unda

vivaraudoT, rom v- prefiqsis dakargva am formebSi simultanuri

procesia (anu ikargeba gaCenisTanave), e.i. yovelTvis am poziciaSi

nulovani alomorfi ivaraudeba. amasTanave aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom am

kombinaciebis S1pO2

indp (g-evedrebi-T, g-gonie-T g-patironob-T) mravlobiTi

ricxvis formebSi subieqturi piris mravlobiTi -T bolosarTiT aris

gamoxatuli, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom aRniSnuli piri zmnaSi unda

yofiliyo warmodgenili. rogorc a. SaniZe wers: `ricxvi... zmnaSi mxolod

pirs aqvs~ (a. SaniZe, 1973: 195), maSasadame, -T sufiqsi ukve gamoxatul pirs

unda gasCenoda. amasTanave is faqtic, rom v- gvxvdeba O3-Tan kombinaciaSi,

gvavaraudebinebs, rom aseve unda yofiliyo O2-sTan. zemoaRniSnulis

safuZvelze rekonstruirdeba morfologiurad S1O2ind pirTa kombinacia

_*v-g, *v-g-evedrebi, v-g-gonie, v-g-patronob da a.S.

162

∅-g-evedrebi (S1O2ind ) ∼ ∅-g-evedrebi-T (S1

p O2

ind)

∅-g-gonie (S1O2ind) ∼ ∅-g-gonie-T (S1

p O2

ind)

∅-g-patronob (S1O2ind) ∼ ∅-g-patronob-T (S1

p O2

ind)

aseve rekonstruirdeba S2 O1 ind kombinaciebSi |h-|, sadac yovelTvis

nulovani alomorfiT iqneba warmomadgeneli subieqturi meore piri:

* h-m-evedrebi _ ∅-m-evedrebi (S2 O1 ind )

* h-m-evedrebi-T _ ∅-m-evedrebi-T (S2p

O1ind)

* h-m-gonie - ∅-m-gonie (S2 O1 ind )

* h-m-gonie-T _ ∅-m-gonie-T (S2p

O1ind)

* h-m-patronob - ∅-m-patronob (S2 O1 ind )

* h-m-patronob-T _ ∅-m-patronob-T (S2p

O1ind)

es kombinaciebi axal qarTulSic aseve aris warmodgenili, rogorc

mocemuli paradigmebidan Cans.

SO kombinaciebSi, Zvel qarTulSi, I seriis formebSi aRiniSneboda

mxolod subieqtis mravlobiToba, romelic saxelobiTSi idga, xolo

micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli, garda I pirisa, ver iTanxmebda zmnas

ricxvSi: me gevedrebi Sen/Tquen, me xugonie mas/maT, me xupatronob

mas/maT. amitom mocemul formebSi warmodgenili iyo mxolod subieqtis

mravlobiToba -T sufiqsiT: Cuen gevedrebi-T Sen/Tquen, Cuen xugonie-T

mas/maT, Cuen xupatronob-T mas/maT.

axal qarTulSi micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli iTanxmebs zmnas

ricxvSi obieqturi wyobis dros, isic arsebiTad I da II pirSi, III pirSi

SeTanxmeba SedarebiT iSviaTad gvaqvs.

sayuradReboa, rom Tanamedrove qarTul mwerlobaSi vxvdebiT iseT

formebs, romlebSic dasturdeba ricxvSi SeTanxmeba III pirSi rogorc

pirdapir, aseve irib obieqtTan: `vaJa ... CasWidebdaT TiTebs (g. doC.), Tavbrus

163

daaxvevdaT... (g. doC.), rixiT gamoecxadaT papa karlsoni (T. Calauri), viRac

wamoadgaT Tavs (j. qarCx.), qiSmiSs ar CauyridaT muWSi (o. WilaZe), veravin

moakakunebdaT SuaRamisas (o. WilaZe), auCuydaT guli (o. WilaZe), saaTis xma...

axsendebaT (o.WilaZe), papam qamari mounacvlaT (o. WilaZe), is CaupartyunebdaT...

TavSi (o. WilaZe), gaanebebdaT is maT, uborkavdaT is maT mas, abijebdaT is maT,

CamoutanaT man maT is, akavebdaT is maT, usmendaT is maT, axalisebdaT is maT,

afrTxilebdaT is maT... (i. kiknaZe, 1983: 75-87).

gamoxatulebis planSi erTmaneTs emTxveva, erTi mxriv, S1pO2

ind da, meore

mxriv S1pO2

indp, gramatikulad ki isini sxvadasxvaa. Tu maT warmovadgenT

morfemebiT, miviRebT Semdeg suraTs:

S1pO2

ind S1pO2

indp

Zv. qarT.: Cuen Sen ∅-g-evedrebi-T ∼ Cuen YTquen ∅-g-evedrebi-T

ax. qarT.: Cven Sen ∅-g-evedrebi-T ∼ Cven YTqven ∅-g-evedrebi-T-∅

Zv. qarT.: Cuen Sen ∅-g-patronob-T ∼ Cuen YTquen ∅-g-patronob-T

ax. qarT.: Cven Sen ∅-g-patronob-T ∼ Cven YTqven ∅-g-patronob-T-∅

axali qarTulis formebSi mocemul kombinaciebSi nulovani alomorfi

aucileblad unda davweroT, radgan S1pO2

indp kombinaciaSi Tavs iyris ori

-T-T. rogorc viciT, qarTulisaTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli

geminirebuli Tanxmovnebi erTi morfemis farglebSi, bunebrivia,

morfemaTa zRvarze daikarga erT-erTi, romelic swored nulovani

alomorfiT warmovadgineT.

Zveli qarTulis I seriis formebSi S1O2ind, S1O2

indp (me gevedrebi Sen/Tquen,

me g-gonie Sen/Tquen, me g-patronob Sen/Tquen), rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,

micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli ar iTanxmebda zmnas ricxvSi da arc am

kombinaciebSi gamoixateboda, garda I pirisa.

axal qarTulSi ki SeTanxmeba xdeba obieqturi wyobis dros II pirSic da

mocemuli kombinaciebi Semdegnairad Caiwereba:

Zv. qarT.: me Sen/Tquen ax. qarT.: me Sen me Tqven

g-evedrebi g-evedrebi g-evedrebi-T

g-patronob. g-patronob g-partonob-T

164

rogorc vxedavT, II pirSi saWiro gaxda mravlobiTis aRniSvna, risTvisac

pirdapir gadmotanili iqna S1 da S2 mravlobiTis -T sufiqsi.

kombinacia S1O3ind Zvel qarTulSi Semdegnairad aris warmodgenili: x-u-

evedrebi, x-u-gonie, x-u-patronob. *v-x-evedrebi, v-x-gonie, v-x-patronob. *v-

x- TanmimdevrobaSi |v-| prefiqsma metaTezisi ganicada; |x-|-s momdevnod [v]

gadadis wyvilbagismier [u] TanxmovanSi, romelic rig SemTxvevaSi

ikargeba (a. SaniZe, 1976: 22). mimdevroba │vx│ icvleba │xv│-Ti, rac

gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom [xv] erTi morfemis farglebSi ar gvxvdeba,

xolo |xu| metad gavrcelebuli mimdevrobaa Zvel qarTulSi rogorc

zmnebSi, aseve saxelebSic: vefxu, laxuari, SemTxueva, msxuerpli, mcxuedi,

ricxu, xaxu, xuadi, xuarbali, xuastagi, xuaSiadi, xuedreba, xueva, Sexueva,

xueta, xuewa, xueWa, verxu... (iv. imnaiSvili. 1971: 7-8).

axal qarTulSi, rogorc cnobilia, O3ind niSani h- xmovnebisa da

napralovnebis win ikargeba da nulovani alomorfiT iqneba

warmodgenili: vhevedrebi→v-∅-evedrebi. v-h-patronob _ h ar ikargeba p

xSuli Tanxmovnis win, Tumca arsebobs misi paraleluri forma, sadac h

ar aris warmodgenili: v-h-patronob // v-∅-patronob.

kombinaciaSi S2O3ind _ sxvadasxva funqciis ori x-x- prefiqsi xvdeba

erTmaneTs uSualo mezoblobaSi. erT-erTi maTgani rCeba formaSi,

radganac, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ori erTnairi Tanxmovani erTi

morfemis farglebSi ar aris damaxasiaTebeli qarTulisaTvis. a. SaniZe

am movlenas ganixilavs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aris kombinacia

S2O3ind da aRniSnavs, rom ori erTnairi Tanxmovnidan erT-erTi ikargeba,

magram konkretulad romeli piri, amaze pasuxs ar iZleva (a. SaniZe, 1981:

148).

vfiqrobT, am kombinaciaSi ikargeboda S2 piris niSani |x-|, romlis Zalac

TandaTanobiT sustdeboda da dRes, axal qarTulSi, is TiTqmis aRar

ixmareba. T. gamyreliZis subieqt-obieqturi piris niSanTa `simZlavris~

Teorias Tu gaviTvaliswinebT (T. gamyreliZe, 2000: 145-146), SegviZlia

vTqvaT, rom am kombinaciaSi S2O3ind – O3

ind niSani ufro `mZlavri~ iyo S2

165

piris niSanze, radgan aqcentirebul adresatze miuTiTebda da amitomac

ikargeba S2 piris niSani.

axal qarTulSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, O3ind niSani |h-| xmovnebis,

sonorebisa da Cqamieri napralovnebis win ikargeba da nulovani

alomorfiT iqneba warmodgenilo. mocemuli kombinacia axal qarTulSi

ase Caiwereba: S2O3ind_∅-∅-evedrebi, ∅-h-patronob.

amave pirTa kombinaciebis mravlobiTi ricxvis formebSi: S1pO3

ind, S1pO3

indp,

S2pO3

ind, S2pO3

indp, rogorc Zvel, aseve axal qarTulSi aRiniSneba subieqturi

piris mravlobiToba -T sufiqsiT:

Zveli qarTuli:

x-u-evedrebiT ∼ x-u-evedrebi-T (S1pO1

ind∼S1pO3

indp)

∅-x-evedrebi-T ∼ ∅-x-evedrebi-T (S2pO3

ind∼S2pO3

indp)

x-u-patronob-T ∼ x-u-patronob-T (S2pO3

ind∼S1pO3

indp)

∅-x-patronob-T ∼ ∅-x-patronob-T (S2pO3

ind∼S2pO3

indp)

axali qarTuli:

v-∅-evedrebi-T ∼ v-∅-evedrebi-T (S1pO1

ind∼S1p

O3indp

)

∅-∅-evedrebi-T ∼ ∅-∅-evedrebi-T (S2pO3

ind∼S2p

O3indp

)

v-∅-patronob-T ∼ v-∅-patronob-T //v-h-patronob-T _ v-h-patronob-T (S1pO3

ind∼S1p

O3indp

)

∅-h-patronob-T ∼ ∅-h-patronob-T (S2pO3

ind∼S2p

O3indp

)

rac Seexeba S1O3indp, S2O3

indp kombinaciebs obieqtebis mravlobiToba ar

aRiniSneba arc Zvel da arc axal qarTulSi. iqneba Semdegi formebi:

v-∅-evedrebi, v-∅-patronob (S1O3indp

)

∅-∅-evedrebi, ∅-h-patronob (S2O3indp

)

S3O1ind, S3O2

ind, S3O3ind kombinaciebSi mxolobiTi ricxvis formebSi orive

piris niSania mocemuli zmnebSi, radgan S3 piris niSnebi sufiqsebia,

xolo obieqturi piris niSnebi prefiqsebia da ar xdeba piris niSanTa

Sexvedra:

166

S3O1ind S3O2

ind S3O3ind

Zv. qarT.: m-evedrebi-s g-evedrebi-s x-evedrebi-s

ax. qarT.; m-evedreb-a g-evedreb-a ∅-evedreb-a.

Zv. qarT.: m-gonie-s g-gonie-s h-gonie-s

ax. qarT.; m-goni-a g-goni-a h-goni-a

Zv. qarT. m-patronob-s g-patronob-s x-patronob-s

ax. qarT.; m-patronob-s g-patronob-s h-patronob-s

rogorc vxedavT, am mxriv sxvaoba Zvelsa da axal qarTuls Soris ar

aris.

S3O1indp, S3O2

indp, S3O3indp _ Zvel qarTulSi micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli,

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ar iTanxmebda zmnas ricxvSi I piris garda da

arc am kombinaciebSi gamoixateboda, xolo axal qarTulSi obieqturi

wyobis dros xdeba zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmeba I da II pirSi, III ki _

iSviaTad. amiT gansxvavdeba axali formebi Zveli formebisagan.

Zveli qarTuli axali qarTuli

S3O1indp

-gu-evedrebi-s gv-evedreba

S3O2indp

-g-evedrebi-s g-evedreba-T

S3O3indp

-x-evedrebi-s ∅-evedreba // ∅-evedreba-T

S3O1indp

-gu-patronob-s gv-patronob-s

S3O2indp

-g-patronob-s g-patronob-T-∅

S3O3indp

-x-patronob-s h-patronob-s // h-patronob-∅-T

rac Seexeba S3PO1

indp, S3O2indp, S3O3

indp kombinaciebs, Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi

yvelgan warmodgenilia III subieqturi piris mravlobiTi niSani _ |-an|_|-en|.

mniSvnelovania S3PO1

indp kompinacia, sadac mocemulia rogorc subieqtis,

aseve obieqtis mravlobiToba, e.i. zmnis erT formaSi ori sxvadasxva

167

niSniT gamoixateba sxvadasxva aqtantis mravlobiToba, rac ganamtkicebs

rangTa sistemaSi maTi calke gamoyofis sakiTxs.

S3pO1

indp S3pO2

indp S3pO3

indp

Zv. qarT.: gu-evedrebi-an, g-evedrebi-an x-evedrebi-an

ax.qarT.: gv-evedrebi-an, g-evedrebi-an// ∅-evedrebi-an//∅-evedrebi-an-Ø

g-evedrebi-an-∅

Zv. qarT.: gu-patronob-en g-patronon-en x-patronob-en

ax.qarT.: gv-patronob-en g-patronob-en// h-patronob-en//h-patronob-en-Ø

g-patronob-en-∅

subieqturi da obieqturi aqtantebis markirebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas

gverds ver avuvliT e.w. inversiul zmnebs. inversia _ hqvia Seqcevas, anu

Sebrunebas. piris niSanTa inversiis dros subieqtur niSnebs irib-

obieqturi piris niSnebi enacvlebaT. (a. SaniZe, 1973: 119-200).

saenaTmecniero literaturaSi arsebobs sxvadasaxvagvari mosazreba

inversiul zmnebTan dakavSirebiT. zogi lingvistis azriT, inversiuli

zmnebi gamoxataven iseT mdgomareobas, romelSic adamiani Tavisi nebis

gareSe imyofeba (Б. Карпович, 1937: 17-18), zogi fiqrobs, rom inversiuli

zmnebi gamoxataven adre Cadenili moqmedebis Sedegs (С. Биховская, 1936: 40).

i. kortava wers, qarTvelur enaTa inversiuli zmnebi semantikuri

TvalsazrisiT axlos dgas indoevropul Zireul perfeqtTan. ufro metic,

misi azriT, SesaZloa qarTvelur enaTa ganviTarebis uZveles etapze

inversiuli zmnebi warmoadgendnen perfeqtuli prezensis formebs,

msgavsad germanulisa (И. Кортава, 1982: 119). a. dirma inversiul zmnebTan

dakavSirebiT Semoitana cnebebi `afeqturi zmnisa~ da `afeqturi

konstruqciis~. misi azriT, aseTi zmnebi gamoxataven adamianis emociebs

an STabeWdilebebs. (A. Dirr, 1911: 62).

martooden funqciuri cvlilebebis nimuSebad aqvs warmodgenili b.

jorbenaZes inversiis magaliTebi: damiweria, damimalavs, miyvars, mwyuria

168

da sxva. mocemul formebSi funqciuri gadanawileba subieqtur da

obieqtur pirebs Soris moxda ise, rom es formobriv struqturas ar

Sexebia (b. jorbenaZe, 1980: 61).

a. Ciqobava aRniSnavs, rom `subieqturi piris niSniT gamoxatuli piri

yovelTvis ar aris aqtiuri, e.i. moqmedi. iseT zmnebSi, rogoricaa: vdrek,

vglej, aqtivoba TvalsaCinoa, magram iseT zmnebSi, rogoricaa: vhxedav,

vbrwyinav, vevedrebi da maggvarebSi aqtivoba Zalze mkrTalia. xolo iseT

magaliTebSi, rogoricaa: var, v-dga, v-zi v-kudebi raime aqtivobaze

laparaki zedmetia. aq mxolod mdgomareobaa me-si, me - sruliad

umoqmedoa dasasrul, magaliTebSi: vikvli, viguemebi, vitanjvi, me _

realurad moqmedi ki ar aris, aramed vnebulia sxvisi moqmedebiT. igi ara

marto umoqmedoa, aramed samoqmedoc, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas~ (arn.

Ciqobava, 1968: 131-132).

am winaaRmdegobis dasaZlevad avtors Semoaqvs realuri subieqtisa da

morfologiuri subieqtis, aseve realuri obieqtisa da morfologiuri

obieqtebis cnebebi, romlebic zogjer emTxveva erTmaneTs, zogjer ki

upirispirdeba. es ukanaskneli aris swored inversiul zmnebSi. `zogierTi

zmna qarTulSi upiratesad obieqturi wyobiT ixmareba, mag.: maqus, myavs,

mrwams, miyuars, mZuls... mizezi naTelia: es obieqturi wyoba, Tu SeiZleba

ase iTqvas, realobis subieqtur wyobas gadmogvcems. Tumca SedarebiT

ufro iSviaTad ixmareba igive zmnebi subieqtur wyobaSic: vsZul, vhrwam,

vuyuar, vhyav...~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1968: 141).

a. SaniZis TvalsazrisiT, inversiulia mxolod gardamavali zmnis III

seriis formebi. rac Seexeba `miyvars~ tipis zmnebs aq sakiTxi ase

gadawydeba: gardauval zmnaSi saxelobiTis formiT warmodgenili saxeli

subieqtia, sul erTia, zmna erTpiriania Tu orpiriania, xolo micemiTSi

dasmuli saxeli _ iribi obieqtia, rac savsebiT miesadageba aRniSnul

zmnebs (a. SaniZe, 1961: 222).

inversiis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa d. meliqiSvilis

mosazreba. swored inversiis procesi gaxda erT-erTi mizezi da

safuZveli qarTuli enis sintaqsSi im didi Zvrebisa, romlebmac enis

169

sistemaSi sxva cvlilebebTan erTad gamoiwvia micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli

personaluri piris mier zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unaris mopoveba da,

maSasadame, ricxvSi SeTanxmebis formaluri principis semantikuriT

Secvla, ramac mkveTrad gamijna erTmaneTisagan Zveli da axali qarTuli.

(d. meliqiSvili, 2001: 21-22). inversiis, rogorc istoriuli faqtis,

dasasabuTeblad avtors Semdegi argumentebi mohyavs:

1. perfeqtul-rezultatiuri Sinaarsis formebidan dro-kiloTa axali

jgufis, III seriis, Camoyalibebis istoria. perfeqtuli Sinaarsidan

axali, dinamikuri Sinaarsis formebis sistemebis Camoyalibeba.

2. personaluri micemiTis mier zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unaris

mopoveba da, Sesabamisad, pirdapiri obieqtis saxelobiTis mier am unaris

dakargva. rogorc cnobilia, ricxvSi SeTanxmeba subieqtis ganmsazRvreli

universaluri sintaqsuri niSania: subieqti yovelTvis iTanxmebs zmnas

ricxvSi.

3. literaturul ZeglebSi yola-qonebisa da grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebSi I

piris micemiTis mravlobiTobis gu-prefiqsiT da, Sesabamisad, II da III

piris micemiTis mravlobiTobis sistematurad -ye sufiqsiT aRniSvna:

gnebavsye Tqven, uyuars-ye maT.

4. relatiuri struqturis pirnakli macaxcaxebs, mazmorebs, an mSia da

meSinia tipis dadasturebul formebSi darCenili piris realur

subieqtad gaazreba.

5. SemomelanZRa, Semomelaxa, SemomeWama, gadameylapa, netavi gamakeTebina,

ra gamaZlebinebs, ram gadamria da sxva am tipis zmnaTa, rogorc

istoriulad meoradi, gadaazrebuli semantikis mqone formebis arsebobis

faqti da sxva (d. meliqiSvili, 2001: 226-227).

amgvarad, avtori askvnis, inversias, rogorc istoriul process,

safuZveli aqvs statikur, pasiuri morfologiuri subieqtis mqone

zmnebSi, sadac zmnaSi piris niSniT gamoxatuli micemiTi, rogorc

personaluri piri, realurad, funqciurad subieqtad gaigeba da Sedegad

garkveuli periodidan ukve saTanado ricxvis niSansac moiTxovs zmnaSi.

amrigad, inversiul zmnaTa diaTeza istoriulad meoreuli, warmoqmnili

funqciuri cvlilebis Sedegad miRebuli konstruqciisaa (iqve: 227).

170

saenaTmecniero literaturaSi inversiasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs

sawinaaRmdego mosazreba. a. oniani uaryofs inversiis faqts. misi azriT,

piris aqtiur-pasiurobis gamoxatva piris niSanTa funqcia araa, radgan |v-

|-is rigisa da |m-|-is rigis niSnebs erTnairad SeuZliaT gamoxaton

rogorc moqmedi, ase samoqmedo da neitraluri pirebi. am piris niSnebiT

ar gamoixateba is mniSvneloba rasTanac aris dakavSirebuli subieqt-

obieqturoba. Tu aqedan amovalT, wers avtori, maSin piris niSanTa

inversiis daSvebas azri ekargeba. amave dros, a. oniani, III seriis formebs

miiCnevs aramoqmedebiTad da aravnebiTad. aramoqmedebiTad imis gamo, rom

pirdapiri obieqti ara aqvT, aravnebiTad im mizeziT, rom maTi vnebiTad

miCneva SeuZlebelia, Tu konversiul aqtivs ver davuyenebT gverdiT.

aqtivTa III seriis formebs miiCnevs `maqvs~ tipis formebad, erTica da

meorec CaTvlilia micemiTkonstruqciian zmnebad, romelTaTvisac

damaxasiaTebelia arasavaldebulo a piris aqtiuroba da savaldebulo

piris pasiuroba (a. oniani, 1978: 49).

T. uTurgaiZe wers: `zmniT gamoxatuli qmedebisa da ubnobis momentTa

martivi mimarTebis gverdiT enaSi arsebobs SedarebiT rTuli mimarTebac,

rodesac zmnis formiT miTiTeba xdeba imaze, rom warmodgenili qmedeba

damokidebulia raRac sxva, zmnis gareSe arsebul movlenaze (an

qmedebaze). qarTul enaSi es sxva realizebulia obieqtiT _ es aris wina

movlenis damadasturebeli aqtanti, romelic xdeba mizezi mocemuli

zmniT gamoxatuli qmedebis warmoqmnisa. aq iqmneba aqtantTa Taviseburi

urTierToba: is aqtanti, romlis gareSec grZnobasa da qonebaze

laparaki SeuZlebelia, vis gamoc warmoiqmneba grZnobis an qonebis

gamomxatveli qmedeba, zmniT gamoxatuli qmedebis iniciatorad

gvevlineba da, maSasadame, subieqtis niSanic mas eqneba. imave zmnaSi

warmodgenili sxva piri ki, bunebrivia, miesadageba obieqts~ (T.

uTurgaiZe, 2002: 93).

rac Seexeba aqtivTa III serias, aqac igive movlenaa. perfeqtuli bunebis

gamo, wers avtori, bunebrivad unda CaiTvalos saxelobiT brunvaSi

dasmuli aqtantis subieqtis niSniT gamoxatva: zmna igeba saxelobiTSi

dasmuli aqtantis arsebobis faqtze damyarebiT _ `amiSenebia me is~ _ aq

171

zmnis forma emyareba `is~ piris arsebobas; TurmeobiTobac xom imaze

miuTiTebs, rom zmna iwyeba realurad arsebuli aqtantidan, romelic

orientiria zmniT gadmocemuli moqmedebisaTvis da amdenad iniciatoric

am qmedebisa (iqve: 95).

Cven viziarebT T. uTurgaiZis mosazrebas da zmnebs warmovadgenT

Sesabamisi Tvalsazrisis gaTvaliswinebiT.

mocemuli kombinaciebidan aRsaniSnavia `miyvars~ tipis zmnebSi

mravlobiTis gamoxatva rogorc Zvel, aseve axal qarTulSi da

meSvelzmniani formebis gaCena I da II pirSi.

Zvel qarTulSi `miyvars~ tipis zmnebs I da II pirSi ar hqondaT meSveli

zmna, fuZes daerTvoda piris niSani: Sen me miyuar, me Sen giyuar, me mas

xuyuar. xolo axal qarTulSi maT I da II pirSi fuZeze daerTvis meSveli

zmna, ris Sedegadac ormagad gamoixata piris niSani: me mas vuyvarvar, Sen

mas ∅uyvarxar (II subieqturi piris niSani dakargulia xmovnis win), Cven

mas vuyvarvarT, me mas vZulvar, Sen mas sZulxar, Cven mas vZulvarT...

aseve am kombinaciebSi aris iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac gvaqvs obieqturi

piris niSani da meSveli zmna Sesaferis pirSi: Sen me miyvarxar, Sen Cven

gviyvarxar, Tqven me miyvarxarT, Sen me mZulxar, Sen Cven gvZulxar, me

Sen gZulvar, me Tqven gZulvarT da a.S.

Zvel qarTulSi giyuar (me Sen) da miyuar (Sen me) forma gramatikulad

ase Caiwereba ∅-g-iyuar, ∅-m-iyuar, ris Cawerasac amarTlebs Tanamedrove

qarTulis g-iyvar-var, m-iyva-xar formebic, sadac var da xar swored

subieqturi pirveli da meore piris niSnis materialuri gamoxatulebaa.

damxmare zmnam ikisra subieqturi piris gamoxatva. Zveli qarTulis

potencia *v-giyuar, *x-miyuar materialurad iqna xorcSesxmuli

Tanamedrove enaSi: subieqturi aqtanti gamoixata meSvelzmniani formebiT:

giyvar-var, giyvar-varT, miyvar-xar, miyvar-xarT, gviyvar-xar, gviyvar-xarT,

vuyvar-var, vuyvar-varT, uyvar-xar, uyvar-xarT da a.S.

aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom axal qarTulSi v- subieqturi pirveli piris

niSani maqsimalurad gamoiyeneba enaSi, radganac is upirispirdeba

172

subieqturi meore piris formas. amis mizezia swored is, rom v- dRes

gvaqvs `o~ da `u~ xmovnebiT dawyebul fuZeebTan, aseve `v~ TanxmovniT

dawyebul fuZeebTan, rasac, rogorc viciT, Zvel qarTulSi ar vxvdebiT:

Zv. qarT.: me vardebi ax. qarT.: me vvardebi

Sen x-vardebi Sen vardebi

Zv. qarT.: me uwer ax. qarT.: me vuwer

Sen x-uwer Sen uwer

v-uyvar-var, v-uyvar-varT formebSi subieqturi aqtanti meSveli zmniT

(var, varT) aris gamoxatuli, magram v- subieqturi pirveli piris niSanic

aris zmnaSi, rac axal qarTulSi, vfiqrobT, v- piris niSnis

`maqsimalurad~ gamoyenebasTan aris dakavSirebuli da ena analogiis

safuZvelze v- prefiqss warmogvidgens, romelic gramatikulad Warbia.

rac Seexeba mravlobiTis formas, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, Zvel

qarTulSi saxelobiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli iTanxmebda zmnas

ricxvSi: isini me miyuaran, isini Sen giyuaran, isini mas uyuaran, isini

Cven guiyuaran, isini Tqven giyuaran, Cven mas xuyuarT, Cven maT xuZulT,

Cven mas xuZulT, isini me mZulan, isini Sen gZulan, isini mas xZulan.

axal qarTulSi, rogorc viciT, micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli

zogjer iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi, zogjer ara. am konkretul SemTxvevaSi

zmna SeTanxmebulia ricxvSi rogorc saxelobiT, aseve micemiT brunvaSi

dasmul saxelebTan: Cven Sen giyvarvarT, is maT uyvarT, Cven mas

vuyvarvarT, Cven Sen gZulvarT, Cven mas vsZulvarT, is maT sZulT, is Cven

gvZuls, is Tqven gZulT, is Cven gviyvars, is Tqven giyvarT, Tqven me

mZulxarT, Tqven me miyvarxarT. sainteresoa erTi faqtic, kerZod,

saxelobiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli III pirSi axal qarTulSi ver

iTanxmebs zmnas mravlobiT ricxvSi.

Zv. qarT.: isini me miyuaran ax. qarT.: isini me miyvars

isini Sen giyuaran isini Sen giyvars

isini mas uyuaran isini mas uyvars.

vfiqrobT, amis mizezi aris is axali sistema, romelic bolomde

Camoyalibebuli ar aris da romelmac saerTod Secvala zmnaSi ricxvis

gamoxatva.

173

Tavi VII orpiriani gardamavali zmnebis pirTa kombinaciebi Zvelsa

da axal qarTulSi

Zveli qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 ∅-g-kal x-u-kal ∅-g-kl-en x-u-kl-en

2 ∅-m-kal ∅-x-kal ∅-m-kl-en

∅-gu-kl-en

∅-x-kl-en

3 m-kl-a g-kl-a x-kl-a m-kl-n-a

gu-kl-n-a

g-kl-n-a x-kl-n-a

1p ∅-g-kal-

T

x-u-kal-

T

∅-g-kl-en-i-

T

x-u-kl-en-i-T

2p ∅-m-kal-

T

∅-x-kal-

T

∅-gu-kl—en-

i-T

∅-m-kl-en-i-T

∅-x-kl-en-i-T

3p m-kl-es g-kl-es x-kl-es gu-kl-n-es

m-kl-n-es

g-kl-n-es x-kl-n-es

axali qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 mo-∅g-

kali

mo-v-∅-kal-i mo-∅-g-kal-

i-T

mo-v-∅-kali

2 mo-Ø-m-

kali

mo-∅-∅-kali mo-∅-gv-

kali

mo-∅-∅-kali

3 mo-m-kla mo-g-kl-a mo-∅-kl-a mo-gv-kla mo-g-kl-a-T mo-v-∅-kl-a

1p mo-Ø-g-

kal-i-T

mo-v-∅-kal-

i-T

mo-∅-g-kal-

i-T-Ø mo-v-∅-kal-i-

T

2p mo-Ø-m-

kal-i-T

mo-∅∅-kal-

i-T

mo-∅-gv-kal-

i-T

mo-∅-∅-kal-

i-T

3p mo-m-kles mo-g-kles mo∅-kl-es mo-gv-kl-es mo-g-kl-es-

Ø mo-Ø-kl-es

174

Zveli qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 ∅-g-

akurTxe

x-u-

akurTxe

∅-g-akurTx-

en

x-u-akurTx-

en

2 ∅-m-

akurTxe

∅-x-

akurTxe

∅-gu-akurTx-en

∅-m-akurTx-en

∅-x-

akurTx-en

3 m-

akurTx-a

g-akurTx-a x-akurTx-a gu-akurTx-na

m-akurTx-n-a

g-akurTx-n-a x-akurTx-n-

a

1p ∅-g-

akurTxe-T

x-u-

akurTx-e-T

∅-g-

akurTx-en-i-

T

x-u-akurTx-

en-i-T

2p ∅-m-

akurTxe-

T

∅-x-

akurTxe-T

∅-gu-akurTx-

en-i-T

∅-m-akurTx-en-

i-T

∅-x-

akurTx-en-

i-T

3p m-

akurTx-

es

g-akurTx-

es

x-akurTx-

es

gu-akurTx-n-es

m-akurTx-n-es

g-akurTx-n-

es

x-akurTx-n-

es

axali qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 ∅-g-

akurTxe

v-∅-akurTxe ∅-g-

akurTxe-T

v-∅-akurTxe

2 ∅-

makurTxe

∅-∅-akurTxe ∅-gv-akurTxe ∅-∅-

akurTxe

3 m-akurTxa g-akurTxa ∅-akurTxa gv-akurTx-a g-akurTx

-a-T ∅-akurTx-a

1p ∅-g-

akurTxe-T

v-∅-akurTxe-

T

∅-g-

akurTxe-

T-Ø

v-∅-

akurTxe-T

2p ∅-m-

akurTxe-T

∅-∅-akurTxe-

T

∅-gv-

akurTxe-T

∅-∅-

akurTxe-T

3p m-

akurTxes

g-akurTx-es ∅-akurTx-es gv-akurTx-es g-akurTx-

es-Ø ∅-akurTx-

es

175

Zveli qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 da-∅-g-

bade

da-v-h-bade da-∅-g-bad-

en

dav-h-bad-en

2 da-∅-m-

bade

da-∅-h-bade da-∅-gu-bad-

en

da-∅-m-bad-en

da-∅-h-bad-

en

3 da-m-bad-a da-g-bad-a da-h-bad-a da-gu-bad-n-a

da-m-bad-n-a

da-g-bad-n-a da-h-bad-n-a

1p da-∅-g-

bade-T

da-v-h-bade-

T

da-∅-g-bad-

en-i-T

da-v-h-bad-

en-i-T

2p da-∅-m-

bade-T

da-∅-h-bade-

T

da-∅-gu-bad-en-i-T

da-∅-m-

bad-en-i-T

da--∅-h-bad-

en-i-T

3p da-m-bad-

es

da-g-bad-

es

da-h-bad-es da-gu-bad-n-

es

dam-bad-n-es

da-g-bad-n-

es

da-h-bad-n-

es

axali qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 da-∅-g-bade da-v-∅-bade da-∅-g-

bade-T

da-v-∅-bade

2 da-∅-m-

bade

da-∅-∅-bade da-∅-gv-bade da-∅-∅-bade

3 da-m-bad-a da-g-bad-a da-∅-bad-a da-gv-bad-a da-g-bad-

a-T da-∅-bad-a

1p da-∅-g-

bade-T

da-v-∅-bade-T da-∅-g-

bade-T-Ø da-v-∅-bade-

T

2p da-∅-m-

bade

-T

da-∅-∅-bade-

T

da-∅-gv-bade-

T

da-∅-∅-

bade-T

3p da-m-bad-es da-g-bad-es da-∅-bad-es da-gv-bad-es da-g-bad-

es-Ø da-∅-bad-es

176

Zveli qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 v-s-were v-s-wer-en

2 ∅-s-were ∅-s-wer-en

3 s-wer-a s-wer-n-a

1p v-s-wer-e-T v-s-wer-en-i-T

2p ∅-s-wer-e-T ∅-s-wer-en-i-T

3p s-wer-es s-wer-n-es

axali qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 v-∅-wer-e v-∅-wer-e

2 ∅-∅-wer-e ∅-∅-wer-e

3 ∅-wer-a ∅-wer-a

1p v-∅-wer-e-T v-∅-wer-e-T

2p ∅-∅-wer-e-T ∅-∅-wer-e-T

3p ∅-wer-es ∅-wer-es

Zveli qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 v-h-yof v-h-yof

2 ∅-h-yof ∅-h-yof

3 h-yof-s h-yof-s

1p v-h-yof-T v-h-yof-T

2p ∅-h-yof-T ∅-h-yof-T

3p h-yof-en h-yof-en

axali qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 v-∅-yof v-∅-yof

2 ∅-∅-yof ∅-∅-yof

3 ∅-yof-s ∅-yof-s

1p v-∅-yof-T v-∅-yof-T

2p ∅-∅-yof-T ∅-∅-yof-T

3p ∅-yof-en ∅-yof-en

177

Zveli qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 v-∅-qadageb v-∅-qadageb

2 ∅-h-qadageb ∅-h-qadageb

3 ∅-qadageb-s ∅-qadageb-s

1p v-∅-qadageb-

T

v-∅-qadageb-T

2p ∅-h-qadageb-

T

∅-h-qadageb-T

3p ∅-qadageb-en ∅-qadageb-en

axali qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 v-∅-qadageb v-∅-qadageb

2 ∅-∅-qadageb ∅-∅-qadageb

3 ∅-qadageb-s ∅-qadageb-s

1p v-∅-qadageb-T v-∅-qadageb-T

2p ∅-∅-qadageb-T ∅-∅-qadageb-T

3p ∅-qadageb-en ∅-qadageb-en

orpiriani gardamavali zmnebis pirTa kombinaciebi S1O2d, S2O1

d, S1pO2

d, S2pO1

d

kombinaciebi zustad imave suraTs gviCvenebs, rogorsac gardauvali

zmnebis S1O2ind, S2O1

ind, S1pO2

ind, S2pO1

ind kombinaciebi. aq mxolod warmovadgenT

magaliTebs rogorc Zvel, aseve axal qarTulSi.

magaliTebi:

Zv. qarT.: ∅-g-kal, ∅-m-kal, ∅-g-kal-T, ∅-m-kal-T

ax. qarT.: mo-∅-g-kal-i, mo-∅-m-kal-i, mo-∅-g-kal-i-T, mo-∅-m-kal-i-T;

Zv. qarT.: ∅-g-akurTx-e, ∅-m-akurTx-e, ∅-g-akurTx-e-T, ∅-m-akurTx-e-T;

ax. qarT.: ∅-g-akurTx-e, ∅-m-akurTx-e, ∅-g-akurTx-e-T, ∅-m-akurTx-e-T;

Zv. qarT.: da-∅-g-bad-e, da-∅-m-bad-e, da-∅-g-bad-e-T, da-∅-m-bad-e-T;

ax. qarT.: da-∅-g-bad-e, da-∅-m-bad-e, da-∅-g-bad-e-T, da-∅-m-bad-e-T;

rac Seexeba S1O2dp, S2O1

dp-kombinaciebs Zvel qarTulSi, rogorc cnobilia,

saxelobiT brunvaSi dasmuli obieqti mravlobiTSi warmodgenili iyo –

en~-n sufiqsiT. igi yovelTvis iTanxmebda zmnas ricxvSi. es xdeboda II

seriis mwkrivebSi I, II, III pirSi. aRniSnuli sufiqsis darTva zmnis

178

formaSi iwvevda fonetikur cvlilebebs. mocemuli magaliTebidan (g-kal-

en→g-kl-en) -en sufiqsis darTvam gamoiwvia fuZiseuli a xmovnis

dakargva; (g-akurTx-en←g-akurTx-e-en) wyvetilis mwkrivis e niSani mokveca

–en sufiqsma.

Tu –en sufiqss mosdevs gramatikuli funqciis mqone xmovani, maSin

sufiqsiseuli e xmovani ikargeba da rCeba mxolod –n. magaliTad:

x-kal-en-a→x-kl-n-a, g-kl-en-a→g-kl-n-a, g-kl-en-es→g-kl-n-es

x-akurTx-en-a→x-akurTx-n-a, x-akurTx-en-es→x-akurTx-n-es

da-g-bad-en-a→da-g-bad-n-a, da-g-bad-en-es→da-g-bad-n-es da a.S.

Tu aseTi xmovani ar mosdevs –en sufiqsi ucvlelia.

magaliTebi: g-kl-en, m-kl-en, gu-kl-en, xu-kl-en, g-kl-en-i-T, gu-kl-en-i-T,

xu-kl-en-i-T, x-kl-en-i-T, x-kl-en;

g-akurT-en, g-akurTx-en-i-T, m-akurTx-en, gu-akurTx-en, gu-akurTx-en-i-T, x-

akurTx-en, xa-kurTx-en-i-T; x-ñ-akurTx-en, x-ñ-akurTx-en-i-T;

da-g-bad-en, da-g-bad-en-i-T, da-v-h-bad-en, da-v-h-bad-en-i-T, da-h-bad-en-i-T, da-

gv-bad-en, da-gv-bad-en-i-T.

v-s-wer-en, s-wer-en, v-s-wer-en-i-T, s-wer-en-i-T.

rac Seexeba da-g-bad-en-i-T, g-akurTx-en-i-T, x-kl-en-i-T formebs, i

sufiqsi moklebulia gramatikul funqcias, igi TanxmovanTgasayaria da

reduqciis unari ara aqvs.

aseve ar gansxvavdeba gardauvali zmnebis konbinaciebidan gardamavali

zmnebis S3O1d, S3O2

d, S3O3d, S3

pO1d, S3

pO2d, S3

pO3d

kombinaciebi. S3 piris niSani

mxolobiT ricxvSi _ a, xolo mravlobiT ricxvSi _ es garkveul

SemTxvevebSi iwvevda fuZis SekumSvas. magaliTad: m-kal-a→m-kl-a, g-kal-

a→g-kl-a, m-kal-es→ m-kl-es, g-kal-es→ g-kl-es. sxva mxriv ki araferi

icvleba: m-akurTx-a, m-akurTx-es, g-akurTx-a, g-akurTx-es, da-m-bad-a, da-m-bad-es,

da-g-bad-a, da-g-bad-es...

sainteresoa S3pO1

dp, S3pO2

dp, S3pO3

dp kombinaciebi Zvel qarTulSi, sadac

warmodgenilia rogorc subieqtis mravlobiToba, aseve obieqtis

mravlobiTobac, e.i. zmnis erT formaSi ori sxvadasxva niSniT

gadmocemulia sxvadasxva aqtantis mravlobiToba, rac ganamtkicebs

rangTa sistemaSi maTi calke gamoyofis sakiTxs:

179

Zv. qarT.: S3pO1

dp, S3pO2

dp, S3pO3

dp

gu-kl-n-es, g-kl-n-es, x-kl-n-es;

gu-akurTx-n-es, g-akurTx-n-es, x-akurTx-n-es;

da-gu-bad-n-es; da-g-bad-n-es, da-x-bad-n-es;

s-wer-n-es

axal qarTulSi saxelobiTSi dasmuli pirdapiri obieqtis

mravlobiTobas {-en} sufiqsi aRar gamoxatavs, mis nacvlad vxvdebiT -T

sufiqss, isic ZiriTadad II pirSi, iSviaTad III pirSic. rogorc ukve

aRvniSneT, es -T sufiqsi pirdapir gadmoitana saxelobiTSi mdgarma

pirdapirma obieqtma micemiTSi mdgari obieqtisagan da amiT enam

gaamartiva mravlobiTis formebis gamoxatvis sistema. sabolood,

obieqtis mravlobiTobis aRsaniSnavad II da III pirSi mxolod -T sufiqsi

iqna miCneuli.

saxelobiTSi dasmuli pirdapiri obieqti eTanxmeba zmnas ricxvSi im

SemTxvevaSi, rodesac igi adamiania da isic Tu I da II pirSia, III pirSi ki

SeTanxmeba iSviaTad gvaqvs.

magaliTebi:

mo-g-kal-i-T me Tqven

{Sdr.

mo-v-kal-i

mo-kal-i

mo-kl-a

me

Sen

man

isini

isini

isini

mo-gv-kal-i Sen Cven

mo-gv-kl-a man Cven

mo-g-kl-a-T man Tqven

g-akurTxe-T me Tqven

{Sdr.

v-akurTxe

akurTxe

akurTx-a

me

Sen

man

isini

isini

isini

gv-akurTx-e Sen Cven

gv-akurTx-a man Cven

g-akurTx-a-T man Tqven

da-g-bade-T me Tqven

{Sdr.

da-v-bade

da-bade

da-bad-a

me

Sen

man

isini

isini

isini

da-gv-bade Sen Cven

da-gv-bad-a man Cven

da-g-bad-a-T man Tqven

rac Seexeba iseT SemTxvevebs, sadac pirdapiri obieqti pirucvlelia anu

ar aris adamiani, maSin misi mravlobiToba zmnaSi ar aRiniSneba.

magaliTad: davwere me is/isini, yofs is mas/maT da sxva.

180

Tavi VIII

sampiriani zmnebis pirTa kombinaciebi

Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi

Zveli qarTuli

[man me (O1ind) wigni]

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p +O3

d

1 mo-∅-∅-g-ec mo-∅-x-u-

ec

mo-∅-∅-

g-ec

mo-∅-x-u-ec

2 mo-∅--∅--m-

ec

mo-∅-∅-x-

ec

mo-∅-∅-gu-

ec

mo-∅-∅-m-ec

mo-∅-∅-x-ec

3 mo-∅-m-c-a mo-∅-g-c-a mo-∅-x-c-a mo-∅-gu-c-a

mo-∅-m-c-a

mo-∅-g-

c-a

mo-∅-x-c-a

1p mo-∅-∅-g-ec-i-

T

mo-∅-x-u-

-ec-i-T

mo-∅-0-g-

ec-i-T

mo-∅-x-u-ec-

i-T

2p mo-∅-∅-m-ec-

i-T

mo-∅-∅-x-

-ec-i-T

mo-∅-∅-gu-

-ec-i--T

mo-∅-∅-m-

-ec-i-T

mo-∅-∅-x-ec-

i-T

3p mo-∅-m-c-es mo-∅-g-c-es mo-∅-x-c-

es

mo-∅-gu-c-

es

mo-∅-m-c-es

mo-∅-g-

c-es

mo-∅-x-c-es

Zveli qarTuli

[man me (O1d) sikudilisa]

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p +O3

ind

O3

indp

1 mi-∅-∅-g-ec mi-∅-x-u-ec mi-∅-∅-g-c-

en

mi-∅-x-u-c-

en

2 mi-∅-∅-m-

ec

mi-∅-∅-x-ec mi-∅-∅-gu-c-

en

mi-∅-∅-m-c-en

mi-∅-∅-x-c-

en

3 mi-∅-m-c-a mi-∅-g-c-a mi-∅-x-c-a mi-∅-∅-gu-c-

na

mi-∅-m-c-n-a

mi-∅-g-c-n-a mi-∅-x-c-n-a

1p mi-∅-∅-g-ec-

i-T

mi-∅-x-u-ec-

i-T

mi-∅-∅-g-c-

en-i-T

mi-∅-xu-c-

-en-i-T

2p mi-∅-∅-m-

-ec-i-T

mi-∅-∅-x-ec-

i-T

mi-∅-∅-gu-c-

en-iT

mi-∅-∅-m-c-en-

i-T

mi-∅-∅-x-c-

-en-i-T

3p mi-∅-m-c-

es

mi-∅-g-c-es mi-∅-∅-x-c-

es

mi-∅-gu-c-n-es

mi-∅-m-c-n-es

mi-∅-g-c-n-es mi-∅-x-c-n-

es

181

Zveli qarTuli

[man me O1ind wignni]

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

+O3

dp

1 mo-∅-∅-g-c-

en

mo-∅-x-u-c-

en

mo-∅-∅-g-

c-en

mo-∅-x-uc-

en

2 mo-∅-∅-m-c-

en

mo-∅-∅-x-c-

en

mo-∅-∅-gu-c-en

mo-Ø-Ø-m-c-en

mo-∅-∅-x-c-

en

3 mo-∅-m-c-na mo-∅-g-c-n-a mo-∅-x-c-n-a mo-∅-gu-c-n-a

mo-∅-m-c-n-a

mo-∅-g—c-

n-a

mo-∅-x-c-n-a

1p mo-∅-∅-g-

-c-en-i-T

mo-∅-x-u-c-

en-i-T

mo-∅-∅-g-

c-

-en-i-T

mo-∅-x-u-c-

-en-i-T

2p mo-∅-∅-m-c-

en-i-T

mo-∅-∅-x-c-

en-i-T

mo-∅-∅-gu-c-en-

i-T

mo-∅-∅-m-c-en-

iT

mo-∅-∅-x-c-

-en-i-T

3p mo-∅-m-c-n-

es

mo-∅-g-c-n-

es

mo-∅-x-c-n-

es

mo-∅-gu-c-n-es

mo-∅--m-c-n-es

mo-∅-g-c-n-

es

mo-∅-x-c-n-

es

axali qarTuli

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p +O3

ind

O3

indp

1 mi-∅-∅--g-ec-

i

mi-∅-∅-v-ec-

i

mi-∅-∅-g-

ec-

-i-T

mi-∅-∅-v-ec-

i

2 mi-∅-∅-m-

ec-i

mi-∅-∅-∅-ec-

i

mi-∅-∅-gv-

ec-i

mi-∅-∅-∅-

ec-i

3 mi-∅-m-ca mi-∅-g-c-a mi-∅-s-c-a mi-∅-gv-c-a mi-∅-g-c-a-

T

mi-∅-s-c-a

1p mi-∅-∅-g-ec-

i-T

mi-∅-∅-v-ec-

i-T

mi-∅-∅-g-

-ec-i-T-Ø mi-∅-∅-v-

-ec-i-T

2p mi-∅-∅-m-

-ec-i-T

mi-∅-∅-∅-ec-

i-T

mi-∅-∅-gv-

-ec-i-T

mi-∅-∅-∅-

-ec-i-T

3p mi-∅-m-c-es mi-∅-g-c-es mi-∅-s-c-es mi-∅-gv-c-es mi-∅-g-c-es-

∅mi-∅-s-c-es

SeniSvna: ax. qarTulSi, Tu iqneba pirucvleli Od, suraTi igive darCeba,

Seicvleba mxolod zmniswini am konkretul SemTxvevaSi mimca (man me mas), xolo

momca (man me is).

182

Zveli qarTuli

[man me (O1ind) igi]

O

S 1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

+O3

d

1 Se-∅-∅-g-

wir-e

Se-v-s-∅-

wir-e

Se-∅-∅-g-

wir-e

Se-v-s-∅-

wir-e

2 Se-∅-∅-

g-

-wir-e

Se-∅-∅-s-

wir-e

Se-∅-∅-gu-wir-

e

Se-∅-∅-m-wir-e

Se-∅-Ø-s-

wir-e

3 Se-∅-m-

-wir-a

Se-∅-g-wir-a Se-∅-s-wir-

a

Se-∅-gu-wir-a

Se-∅-m-wir-a

Se-∅-g-wir-

a

Se-∅-s-wir-a

1p Se-∅-∅-g-

wir-e-T

Se-v-s-∅-

wir-e-T

Se-∅-∅-g-

wir-e-T

Se-v-s-∅-

-wir-e-T

2p Se-∅-∅-

m-

-wir-e-T

Se-∅-∅-s-

wir-e-T

Se-∅-∅-gu-wir-

e-T

Se-∅-∅-m-wir-e-

T

Se-∅-∅-s-

-wir-e-T

3p Se-∅-m-

-wir-es

Se-∅-g-wir-

es

Se-∅-s-wir-

es

Se-∅-gu-wir-es

Se-∅-m-wir-es

Se-∅-g-wir-

es

Se-∅-s-wir-

es

Zveli qarTuli

[man me (O1ind) igini]

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p +O3

dp

1 Se-∅-∅-g-

-wir-en

Se-v-s-∅-

-wir-en

Se-∅-∅-g-wir-

en

Se-v-s-∅-

wir-en

2 Se-∅-∅-

m-

-wir-en

Se-∅-∅-s-

-wir-en

Se-∅-∅-gu-wir-en

Se-∅-∅-m-wir-en

Se-∅-∅-s-

wir-en

3 Se-∅-m-

-wir-n-a

Se-∅-g-

-wir-n-a

Se-∅-s-

-wir-n-a

Se-∅-gu-wir-n-a

Se-∅-m-wir-n-a

Se-∅-g-wir-n-a Se-∅-s-wir-

n-a

1p Se-∅-∅-g-

-wir-en-i-

T

Se-v-s-∅-

-wir-en-i-

T

Se-∅-∅-g-wir-

en-i-T

Se-v-s-∅-

wir-en-i-T

2p Se-∅-∅-

m-

-wir-en-

i-T

Se-∅-∅-s-

-wir-en-i-

T

Se-∅-∅-gu-wir-en-

i-T

Se-∅-∅-m-wir-en-i-

T

Se-∅-∅-s-

wir-en-i-T

3p Se-∅-m-

-wir-n-

es

Se-∅-g-

-wir-n-es

Se-∅-s-

-wir-n-es

Se-∅-gu-wir-n-es

Se-∅-m-wir-n-es

Se-∅-g-wir-n-

es

Se-∅-s-wir-

n-es

183

Zveli qarTuli

[man me (O1ind) mas/maT]

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p +O3

ind

O3

indp

1 Se-∅-∅-g-

wir-e

Se-v-s-∅-

wir-e

Se-∅-∅-g-

-wir-en

Se-v-s-∅-

-wir-en

2 Se-∅-∅-

m-

-wir-e

Se-∅-∅-s-

wir-e

Se-∅-∅-gu-wir-en

Se-∅-∅-m-wir-en

Se-∅-∅-s-

-wir-en

3 Se-∅-m-

-wir-a

Se-∅-g-wir-a Se-∅-s-wir-

a

Se-∅-gu-wir-n-a

Se-∅-m-wir-n-a

Se-∅-g-

-wir-n-a

Se-∅-s-

-wir-n-a

1p Se-∅-∅-g-

wir-e-T

Se-v-s-∅-

wir-e--T

Se-∅-∅-g-

-wir-en-i-

T

Se-v-s-∅-

-wir-en-i-

T

2p Se-∅-∅-

m-

-wir-e-T

Se-∅-∅-s-

wir-

-e-T

Se-∅-∅-gu-wir-en-

i-T

Se-∅-∅-m-wir-en-i-

T

Se-∅-∅-s-

-wir-en-i-

T

3p Se-∅-m-

-wir-es

Se-∅-g-wir-

es

Se-∅-s-wir-

es

Se-∅-gu-wir-n-es

Se-∅-m-wir-n-es

Se-∅-g-

-wir-n-es

Se-∅-s-

-wir-n-es

axali qarTuli

[man me (O1ind) is], [man me (O1

d) mas]

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p +O3

d

O3

ind

1 Se-∅-∅-g-wir-e Se-v-∅-∅-

wir-e

Se-∅-∅-g-

wir-e-T

Se-v-∅-∅-

wir-e

2 Se-∅-∅-m-

wir-e

Se-∅-∅-s-

wir-e

Se-∅-∅-gv-

wir-e

Se-∅-∅-s-

wir-e

3 Se-∅-m-

wir-a

Se-∅-g-wir-a Se-∅-s-wir-a Se-∅-gv-wir-

a

Se-∅-g-wir-

a-T

Se-∅-s-

wir-a

1p Se-∅-∅-g-wir-

e-T

Se-v-∅-∅-

wir-e-T

Se-∅-∅-g-

wir-e-T-∅ Se-v-Ø-∅-

wir-e-T

2p Se-∅-∅-m-

wir-e-T

Se-∅-∅-s-

wir-e-T

Se--∅-∅-gv-

wir-e-T

Se-∅-∅-s-

wir-e-T

3p Se-∅-m-

wir-es

Se-∅-g-wir-es Se-∅-s-wir-

es

Se-∅-gv-wir-

es

Se-∅-g-wir-

es-∅ Se-∅-s-

wir-es

184

axali qarTuli

[man me (O1ind) isini], [man me (O1

d) maT]

O

S 1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

+O3

dp

O3

indp

1 Se-∅-∅-g-

wir-e

Se-v-∅-∅-

-wir-e

Se-∅-∅-g-

wir-e-T

Se-v-∅-∅-

-wir-e

2 Se-∅-∅-m-wir-

e

Se-∅-∅-s-

-wir-e

Se-∅-∅-gv-

wir-e

Se-∅-∅-s-

-wir-e

3 Se-∅-m-wir-a Se-∅-g-wir-a Se-∅-s-

wir-a

Se-∅-gv-wir-

a

Se-∅-g-wir-

a-T

Se-∅-s-

wir-a

1p Se-∅-∅-g-

wir-

-e-T

Se-v-∅-∅-

-wir-e-T

Se-∅-∅-g-

wir-

-e-T-∅

Se-v-∅-∅-

-wir-e-T

2p Se-∅-∅-m-wir-

e-T

Se-∅-∅-s-

-wir-e-T

Se-∅-∅-gv-

wir-

-e-T

Se-∅-∅-s-

-wir-e-T

3p Se-∅-m-wir-es Se-∅-g-wir-

es

Se-∅-s-

-wir-es

Se-∅-gv-wir-

es

Se-∅-g-wir-

-es-Ø Se-∅-s-

wir-es

Zveli qarTuli

[man me (O1ind) igi]

O

S 1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

+O3

d

1 Se-∅-∅-g-

abral-e

Se-∅-x-u-

-abral-e

Se-∅-∅-

g-abral-

e

Se-∅-x-u-

-abral-e

2 Se-∅-∅-m-

abral-e

Se-∅-∅-x-

-abral-e

Se-∅-∅-gu-

abral-e

Se-∅-∅-m-abral-e

Se-∅-∅-x-

-abral-e

3 Se-∅-m-

abral-a

Se-∅-g-

abral-a

Se-∅-x-

-abral-a

Se-∅-gu-abral-a

Se-∅-m-abral-a

Se-∅-g-

abral-a

Se-∅-x-

-abral-a

1p Se-∅-∅-g-

abral-e-T

Se-∅-x-

-abral-e-T

Se-∅-∅-

g-abral-

e-T

Se-∅-x-u-

-abral-e-

T

2p Se-∅-∅-m-

abral-e-T

Se-∅-∅-x-

-abral-e-T

Se-∅-∅-gu-

abral-e-T

Se-∅-∅-m-abral-

e-T

Se-∅-∅-x-

-abral-e-

T

3p Se-∅-m-

abral-es

Se-∅-g-

abral-es

Se-∅-x-

-abral-es

Se-∅-∅-gu-

abral-es

Se-∅-∅-m-abral-

es

Se-∅-g-

abral-

es

Se-∅-x-

-abral-es

185

Zveli qarTuli

[man me (O1ind) igini]

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p +O3

dp

1 Se-∅-∅-g-

-abral-en

Se-∅-x-u-ab-

-ral-en

Se-∅-∅-g-

-abral-

en

Se-∅-x-u-

abral-en

2 Se-∅-∅-m-

-abral-en

Se-∅-∅-x-

-abral-en

Se-∅-∅-gu-abral-

en

Se-∅-∅-m-abral-en

Se-∅-∅-x-

abral-en

3 Se-∅-m-

-abral-n-a

Se-∅-g-

-abral-n-a

Se-∅-x-

-abral-n-a

Se-∅-gu-abral-n-a

Se-∅-m-abral-n-a

Se-∅-g-

-abral-n-

a

Se-∅-x-

abral-n-a

1p Se-∅-∅-g-

-abral-en-

i-T

Se-∅-x-u-

-abral-en-i-

T

Se-∅-∅-g-

-abral-

-en-i-T

Se-∅-x-u-

abral-en-

i-T

2p Se-∅-∅-m-

-abral-en-i-

T

Se-∅-∅-x-

-abral-en-i-

T

Se-∅-∅-gu-abral-

en-i-T

Se-∅-∅-m-abral-en-

i-T

Se-∅-∅-x-

abral-en-

i-T

3p Se-∅-m-

-abral-n-es

Se-∅-g-

-abral-n-es

Se-∅-x-

-abral-n-es

Se-∅-gu-abral-n-

es

Se-∅-m-abral-n-es

Se-∅-g-

-abral-

es

Se-∅-x-

abral-n-

es

Zveli qarTuli

[man me (O1d) mas/maT]

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p +O3

ind

O3

indp

1 Se-∅-∅-g-

-abral-e

Se-∅-x-u-

-abral-e

Se-∅-∅-g-

abral-en

Se-∅-x-u-

abral-en

2 Se-∅-∅-m-

-abral-e

Se-∅-∅-

x-

-abral-e

Se-∅-∅-gu-abral-

en

Se-∅-∅-m-abral-en

Se-∅-∅-x-

abral-en

3 Se-∅-m-

-abral-a

Se-∅-g-

-abral-a

Se-∅-x-

-abral-a

Se-∅-gu-abral-n-a

Se-∅-m-abral-n-a

Se-∅-g-

abral-n-a

Se-∅-x-

abral-n-a

1p Se-∅-∅-g-

-abral-e-

T

Se-∅-x-u-

-abral-

e-T

Se-∅-∅-g-

abral-en-

i-T

Se-∅-x-u-

abral-en-i-

T

2p Se-∅-∅-m-

-abral-e-

T

Se-∅-∅-

x-

-abral-

e-T

Se-∅-∅-m-abral-en-

i-T

Se-∅-∅-gu-abral-

en-i-T

Se-∅-∅-x-

-abral-en-

i-T

3p Se-∅-m-

-abral-es

Se-∅-g-

-abral-es

Se-∅-x-

-abral-

es

Se-∅-m-abral-n-es

Se-∅-gu-abral-n-

es

Se-∅-g-

abral-n-

es

Se-∅-x-

abral-n-es

186

axali qarTuli

[man me (O1ind) is], [man me (O1

d) mas]

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p +O3

d

O3

ind

1 Se-∅-∅-g-

abral-e

Se-v-∅-∅-

abral-e

Se-∅-∅-g-

abral-

-e-T

Se-v-∅-Ø-

abral-e

2 Se-∅-∅-m-

abral-e

Se-∅-∅-∅-

abral-e

Se-∅-∅-gv-

abral-e

Se-∅-∅-∅-

abral-e

3 Se-∅-m-

abral-a

Se-∅-g-

abral-a

Se-∅-Ø -

-abral-a

Se-∅-gv-

abral-a

Se-∅-g-

abral-a-

-T

Se-∅-∅-

abral-a

1p Se-∅-∅-g-

abral-e-T

Se-v-∅-∅-

abral-e-T

Se-∅-∅-g-

abral-

-e-T-∅

Se-v-∅-∅-

abral-e-T

2p Se-∅-∅-m-

abral-e-T

Se-∅-∅-∅-

abral-e-T

Se-∅-∅-gv-

abral-e-T

Se-∅-∅-∅-

abral-e-T

3p Se-∅-m-

abral-es

Se-∅-g-

abral-es

Se-∅-∅-

abral-es

Se-∅-gv-

abral-es

Se-∅-g-

abral-es-Ø Se-∅-Ø-

abral-es

axali qarTuli

[man me (O1ind) isini] [man me (O1

d) maT]

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p +O3

dp

O3

indp

1 Se-∅-∅-g-

-abral-e

Se-v-∅-∅-

abral-e

Se-∅-∅-g-

abrale-T

Se-v-∅-∅-

-abral-e

2 Se-∅-∅-m-

-abral-e

Se-∅-∅-∅-

abral-e

Se-∅-∅-gv-

abrale

Se-∅-∅-∅-

-abrale

3 Se-∅-m-

-abral-a

Se-∅-g-

-abral-a

Se-∅-∅-

abral-a

Se-∅-gv-abral-a

Se-∅-g-

abral-a-T

Se-∅-∅-

-abral-a

1p Se-∅-∅-g-

-abral-e-

T

Se-v-∅-∅-

abral-e-T

Se-∅-∅-g-

abral-e-T-

∅

Se-v-∅-∅-

-abral-e-

T

2p Se-∅-∅-m-

-abral-e-

T

Se-∅-∅-∅-

abral-e-T

Se-∅-∅-gv-

abral-e-T

Se-∅-∅-Ø-

-abral-e-

T

3p Se-∅-m-

-abral-es

Se-∅-g-

-abral-es

Se-∅-∅-

abral-es

Se-∅-gv-abral-es Se-∅-g-

abral-es-

Ø

Se-∅-Ø-

-abral-es

187

Cven warmovadgineT iseTi sampiriani zmnebis pirTa kombinaciebi, sadac

SeiZleba iyos rogorc pircvalebadi pirdapiri obieqti da pirucvleli

iribi, aseve pircvalebadi iribi da pirucvleli pirdapiri.

pirucvleli piri gulisxmobs imas, rom igi warmodgenilia mxolod III

pirSi rogorc mxolobiT, aseve mravlobiT ricxvSi. aRniSnul zmnebSi

pirucvleli erT SemTxvevaSi iribi obieqtia, igi III pirSi dgas, xolo

meore SemTxvevaSi, pirdapiri obieqtia, isic aseve III pirSi dgas.

rogorc vxedavT, pircvalebadi obieqti pirdapiria is Tu iribi da

warmodgenilia I pirSi, gamoixateba m- prefiqsiT, Tu II pirSia, maSin g-

prefiqsiT, Tu III pirSia, logikuria, Sesabamisad misi niSanic iyos

warmodgenili zmnaSi. Cveni azriT, dasaxelebul zmnebSi Tu

pircvalebadia pirdapiri obieqti, misi niSania I pirSi m-, II pirSi g-,

xolo III pirSi _ h-~s-~∅-. rodesac pircvalebadia iribi obieqti,

aRniSnuli prefiqsebi iribi obieqtisaTvis iqneba gankuTvnili. rac

Seexeba pirucvlel pirdapirsa Tu irib obieqtebs, isini am SemTxvevaSi

yovelTvis nulovani alomorfebiT iqnebian warmodgenili. maSasadame,

sampirian aqtivebSi materialurad gamoixateba mxolod pircvalebadi

obieqtis niSnebi.

pirTa kombinaciebis TvalsazrisiT viTareba zustad iseTivea rogorc

orpiriani zmnebis pirTa kombinaciebis dros. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,

sampirian zmnebSi erT-erTi obieqti yovelTvis pirucvlelia da dgas III

pirSi, igi SeiZleba Seicvalos mxolod ricxvSi. Zvel qarTulSi

saxelobiTSi mdgari pirucvleli pirdapiri obieqti mravlobiT ricxvSi,

rogorc viciT, yovelTvis iTanxmebda zmnas ricxvSi da gadmocemuli iyo

-en~-n sufiqsiT. magaliTad:

Zv. qarT.: mo-gu-c-en, mo-gu-c-n-a, mo-gu-c-en-i-T, mo-gu-c-n-es,

mo-g-c-en, mo-g-c-n-a, mo-g-c-en-i-T, mo-g-c-n-es,

mo-x-u-c-en, mo-x-c-en, mo-x-c-n-a, mo-x-u-c-en-i-T.

mo-x-c-en-i-T, mo-x-c-n-es.

Zv. qarT.: mi-gu-c-en, mi-gu-c-n-a, mi-gu-c-en-i-T, mi-gu-c-n-es,

mi-g-c-en, mi-g-c-n-a, mi-g-c-en-i-T, mi-g-c-n-es,

mi-x-u-c-en, mi-x-c-en, mi-x-c-n-a, mi-x-u-c-en-i-T.

mi-x-c-en-i-T, mi-x-c-n-es.

188

ax. qarT.: mo-gv-ec-i, mo-gv-c-a, mo-gv-ec-i-T, mo-gv-c-es,

mo-g-ec-i-T, mo-g-c-a-T, mo-g-ec-i-T, mo-g-c-es,

mo-v-ec-i, mo-ec-a-T, mo-s-c-a, mo-vec-i-T,

mo-ec-i-T, mo-s-c-es

mi-gv-ec-i, mi-gv-c-a, mi-gv-ec-iT, mi-gv-c-es,

mi-g-ec-i-T, mi-g-c-a-T, mi-g-ec-i-T, mi-g-c-es,

mi-v-ec-i, mi-ec-i, mi-s-c-a, mi-v-ec-i-T,

mi-ec-i-T, mi-s-c-es.

qvemoT warmovadgenT iseT sampirian aqtivebs, sadac SeiZleba iyos

rogorc pircvalebadi pirdapiri da pirucvleli iribi, aseve

pircvalebadi iribi da pirucvleli pirdapiri obieqtebi.

da-m-a-msgavs-a man me mas Se-m-axved-r-a man-me mas

man me is. man me is

da-m-a-viwy-a man me mas da-m-akr-a man-me mas

man me is. man me is

Se-m-avedr-a man me mas m-a-msaxur-a man-me mas

man me is. man me is

Se-m-abral-a man me mas Se-m-wira man-me mas

man me is. man me is

mo-m-a-cil-a man me mas mo-m-a-Sor-a man-me mas

man me is. man me is

da-m-a-kisra men me mas wa-m-a-Cxuba man me mas

man me is man me is

da-m-a-megobra men me mas da-m-a-kl-a man me mas

man me is man me is

wa-m-glij-a men me mas da-m-a-morCila man me mas

man me is da-m-i-morCila man me is

da-m-a-axlova man me mas mi-m-a-mat-a man me mas

da-m-i-axlova man me is man me is

da-m-a-Zmobil-a man me mas da-m-a-amxanag-a man me mas

man me is man me is.

189

amgvar zmnebSi dapirispireba zogjer gamoixateba zmniswinebis

saSualebiT:

mi-m-abar-a man me mas mi-m-amagra man me mas

mo-m-abar-a man me is mo-m-amagra man me is

mi-m-ca man me mas mi-m-agdo man me mas

mo-m-ca man me is mo-m-agdo man me is

mi-m-amsgavsa man me mas mi-m-gvara man me mas

mo-m-amsgavsa man me is mo-m-gvara man me is

mi-m-aWylit-a man me mas mi-m-aCeCa man me mas

mo-m-aWylit-a man me is mo-m-aCeCa man me is

mi-m-axmara man me mas mi-m-awera man me mas

mo-m-axmara man me is mo-m-awera man me is

mi-m-akuTvna man me mas mi-m-adevna man me mas

mo-m-akuTvna man me is mo-m-adevna man me is

axal qarTulSi aRniSnuli zmnebis pirTa kombinaciebi gamoxatulebis

planSi ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, magram, rogorc gramatikuli

formebi, isini gansxvavebulia. rogorc viciT, konversiul pasivebSi isini

gansxvavdebian rogorc Sinaarsis, aseve formis mixedviT. kerZod,

sampiriani aqtivebi, sadac pircvalebadia pirdapiri obieqti, konversiul

pasivSi gvaZlevs subieqturi wyobis zmnebs:

Se-m-wira (man me mas)→Se-v-ewire (me mas)

Se-g-wira (man Sen mas)→Se-e-wire (Sen mas)

rodesac pircvalebadia iribi obieqti, konversiuli formebi obieqturi

wyobisaa:

Se-m-wira (man me is)→Se-m-ewir-a (is me)

Se-g-wira (man Sen is)→Se-g-ewir-a (is Sen)

es gansxvaveba SeimCneva I da II pirSi, xolo III pirSi viRebT identur

formebs gamoxatulebis planSi, romelsac aqvs gansxvavebuli

gramatikuli funqcia.

190

Se-s-wira (man is mas)→Se-ewira (is mas)

Se-s-wir-a (man mas is)→Se-ewir-a (is mas)

amrigad, vfiqrobT, kombinaciebis Sedegad gamoxatulebis planSi

miRebuli erTgvari formebidan (es iqneba orpiriani Tu sampiriani zmnebi)

erT-erTis amorCeva da danarCenis ugulebelyofa gramatikulad ar aris

gamarTlebuli. es aris mxolod bgerobrivi damTxveva, rac TvalnaTliv

davinaxeT yvela SemTxvevaSi.

pirTa kombinaciebi da maTi materialurad gamoxatva unda ganixilebodes

morfonologiis doneze. Cven mier Catarebuli analizis Sedegad naTeli

gaxda is, rom iq, sadac morfologiurad aucilebelia piris niSnis

gamoxatva, enaSi arsebuli fonologiuri wesebis gamo ikargeba es niSani

da nulovani alomorfebiT warmogvidgeba. swored amis Sedegia erTgvari

formebis arseboba gamoxatulebis planSi, romelic gramatikul doneze

sxvadasxva kombinaciebis Sedegad aris miRebuli da maT, rogorc enobriv

niSnebs, sistemaSi gansxvavebuli Rirebuleba aqvT.

191

daskvnebi:

winamdebare naSromi exeba zmnis formaSi subieqturi da obieqturi

aqtantebis gamoxatvasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs da pirTa kombinaciebs.

qarTuli zmnis mravalpirianoba gulisxmobs zmnis formaSi subieqturi

da obieqturi aqtantebis aRniSvnas saTanado niSnebiT, romlebic mudmiv

cvalebadobaSia da es cvlilebebi dResac mimdinareobs.

naSromis mizani iyo Segveswavla zmnis formaSi calkeul aqtantTa

gamoxatvasTan dakavSirebuli procesebi dinamikaSi Zveli qarTulidan

dRemde, gagverkvia am cvlilebaTa mizezebi da gagveanalizebina pirTa

kombinaciebi, romelTa zusti interpretaciisaTvis aucilebeli Seiqna

rangTa Teoriis gaTvaliswineba, pirianobisa da valentobis gansazRvra,

yvela im SemTxvevis nulovani alomorfebiT gamoxatva, rodesac

morfologiurad aris niSani mosalodneli zmnaSi, magram dakargulia

sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo. Catarebuli analizis Sedegad gairkva Semdegi:

1. Zvel qarTulSi mZlavri iyo meore subieqturi piris niSani, romelic

yovelTvis gamoixateboda x- prefiqsiT da SedarebiT susti iyo pirveli

subieqturi piris niSani v- prefiqsi, romelic, rogorc viciT, garkveul

SemTxvevebSi ar ixmareboda (o da u xmovnebis win, val/ved zmnebTan).

droTa ganmavlobaSi suraTi Seicvala. dRes pirveli subieqturi piri

maqsimalurad gamoixateba (zogjer ormagad), xolo meore subieqturi

piris x- prefiqsi ori (xar, xval/xved/xvid) zmnis garda, nulovani

alomorfiT aris warmodgenili.

x- prefiqsis Sesusteba, vfiqrobT, ganapiroba amJamad mesame subieqturi

piris niSnebad miCneuli morfemebis funqciis cvlam. Cven viziarebT

mosazrebas, romlis mixedviTac (arn. Ciqobava, v. Tofuria, l.baramiZe)

mesame subieqturi piris niSnebi rogorc mxolobiTsa, aseve mravlobiTSi

gamoxatavdnen raRac sxva gramatikul kategoriebs. piris kategoria

aRniSnul formaSi, Cveni azriT, prefiqsuli nulovani alomorfiT iyo

gamoxatuli, romliTac upirispirdeboda I da II pirs. amis Tqmis uflebas

192

gvaZlevs Semdegi faqtorebi: a) subieqturi da obieqturi piris niSnebi

yvela prefiqsebia, garda mesame subieqturi pirisa, rogorc mxolobiTSi,

aseve mravlobiTSi; b) arcerTi piris niSani garda mesame subieqturi

piris niSnebisa ar aris erTze meti (ar igulisxmeba fonetikuri

variantebi); g) mesame subieqturi piris niSnebi pirisa da ricxvis

kategoriis garda, dResac gamoxatavs sxva gramatikul kategoriebs.

miuxedavad imisa, rom maT SeiZines pirisa da ricxvis kategoriis

aRniSvnis funqcia, es sxva gramatikuli kategoriebi iseTi simZlavriT

aris gamoxatuli dResac, rom erTmaneTisagan maTi saSualebiT mkveTrad

gamijnulia sxvadasxva gvarisa da ama Tu im mwkrivis formebi. es

kategoriebi Sesabamisad nulovani alomorfebiT gamoixateboda I da II

pirSi. rodesac am gramatikulma kategoriebma dakarga funqcia enaSi,

mxolobiTi ricxvis formebSi arsebulma niSnebma ikisra mesame

subieqturi piris gamoxatva. rac Seexeba mesame subieqturi piris

mravlobiTobas, Cveni azriT, misi niSani unda yofiliyo -en~-n sufiqsi,

rogorc es gvqonda saxelobiTSi mdgari pirdapiri obieqtis SemTxvevaSi

Zvel qarTulSi (I, II, III pirebSi). vfiqrobT am morfemis uSualo funqcia

mravlobiTobis aRniSvna iyo da savsebiT bunebrivia, es funqcia mas

Seesrulebina mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiT ricxvSic, piri ki isev

Ø alomorfiT yofiliyo gamoxatuli. mravlobiTi ricxvis formebSi

arsebulma sxva niSnebma, romlebic im sxva kategoriebis ricxvs

gamoxatavda mxolod, pirisa da ricxvis funqcia erTdroulad SeiTavsa.

igive bedi gaiziara –en sufiqsmac. amiT iyo gamowveuli piris niSanTa

simravle. am procesis Semdeg daiwyo meore subieqturi piris niSnis

dasusteba, sabolood igi zedmeti aRmoCnda, radgan pirvel da mesame

pirs gamokveTilad hqonda niSnebi da meore subieqturi piris uniSnoba

markirebis tolfasi iyo: meore subieqturma piris niSanma jer saxe

icvala, Semdeg TandaTan daikarga xmovnebis, sonorebisa da Cqamieri

napralovnebis win da bolos sruliad gaqra. Sesabamisad gaZlierda

pirveli subieqturi piris aRniSvna zmnis formaSi.

amrigad, subieqturi piris NniSnebic yvela prefiqsuli morfemebi iyo,

xolo ricxvis aRmniSvneli _ sufiqsuri

193

2. obieqturi aqtantebi rogorc pirdapiri, aseve iribi saTanado niSnebiT

aris warmodgenili rogorc Zvel, aseve axal qarTulSi.

pirveli obieqturi piris niSani (pirdapirisa da iribis) aris prefiqsi m-

mxolobiT ricxvSi, gv-~gu- _ mravlobiTSi, romelic yovelgvar

kombinaciaSi aris warmodgenili da arasodes ikargeba. igive iTqmis

meore obieqturi piris niSanze, romelic, rogorc viciT, g- prefiqsiT

gamoixateba orive SemTxvevaSi. rac Seexeba mesame obieqturi piris niSans,

iribi obieqti Zvel qarTulSi warmodgenili iyo x- prefiqsiT, romelic

Semdeg hae-Ti Seicvala, droTa ganmavlobaSi xmovnebis, sonorebisa da

napralovnebis win daikarga, d T t Z c w j C W Tanxmovnebis win hae

sanad gadaiqca, xolo b f p g q k y Tanxmovnebis win hae kvlav

SenarCunebulia. pirdapir obieqts mesame pirSi saliteraturo normebis

mixedviT niSani ara aqvs. zogierTi mecnieris azriT (a. SaniZe, arn.

Ciqobava, v. Tofuria, iv. imnaiSvili, a. oniani), arc hqonda.

T. uTurgaiZis azriT, pirdapir obieqts mesame pirSi igive niSani hqonda,

rac irib obieqts. es dasturdeba Zvel qarTul samwerlobo ZeglebSi,

saSual qarTulSi, dialeqtebSi, zogierTi Tanamedrove mwerlis

nawarmoebebSi, iseTi sampiriani zmnebis formebSi, sadac pircvalebadia

O3d da pirucvlelia O3

ind, aseve ramdenime zmnis formaSi, sadac

saliteraturo enis normebis mixedviT piris niSani aucileblad

ixmareba: gastans, gaswia, gasca, dasZina, gamosca.

yovelive zemoTqmulis safuZvelze Tamamad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom

pirdapir obieqts igive niSani hqonda, rac iribs, magram dRes igi

ZiriTadad nulovani alomorfiT aris warmodgenili. es ukanaskneli

savsebiT misaRebia enisaTvis, radgan xerxdeba formaTa gansxvaveba. igi

upirispirdeba I da II pirs, romlebic garkveuli niSnebiT aris

gamoxatuli. saqme gvaqvs imave procesTan, rac moxda meore subieqturi

piris niSanTan dakavSirebiT: I da III subieqturi piris niSanTa arsebobam

ganapiroba II subieqturi piris niSnis nulovan alomorfamde dayvana.

maSasadame, mesame pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSnebad unda CaiTvalos h-

~s-~Ø alomorfebi. piris niSnebis gamoxatva zmnis formaSi

194

kategoriaTSoriss sistemaSi urTierTmimarTebiT aris ganpirobebuli,

rasac aregulirebs morfologia.

3. mravlobiTi ricxvis formebi Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi ganviTarebis

garkveul gzas gadis. yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom Zvel qarTulSi

saxelobiTSi mdgari pirdapiri (nariani) iTanxmebda zmnas ricxvSi da

aRiniSneboda –en~-n sufiqsiT, iqneboda I, II Tu III piri, xolo micemiTSi

mdgari saxelis mravlobiToba ar gamoixateboda. saSual qarTulSi

iwyeba sistemis rRveva: kerZod, eb-iani mravlobiTi Zlierdeba narian-Tan

SedarebiT da iwyeba micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxelis SeTanxmeba

ricxvSi jer meore pirSi da iSviaTad mesame pirSic (m. meliqiZe). am

formebSi saWiro gaxda mravlobiTis aRniSvna. enam pirdapir gadmoitana

pirveli da meore subieqturi piris mravlobiTobis aRmniSvneli -T

sufiqsi.

axal qarTulSi mas Semdeg, rac zmnis formaSi daikarga saxelobiTSi

dasmuli pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobis aRniSvna -en sufiqsiT da

dasustda saxelobiTi brunvis sintaqsuri Zala da gaZlierda micemiTis,

enaSi mTlianad Seicvala zmnis ricxvis gamoxatvis sistema. win wamoiwia

Sinaarsobrivi mxare, prioritetuli gaxda sulieri saxeli,

gansakuTrebiT adamiani da zmnaSi im piris mravlobiToba gamoixata,

visac exeba zmniT gamoxatuli moqmedeba, ganurCevlad imisa, subieqtia Tu

obieqti, zmnis forma pasiuria Tu aqtiuri. es procesi sabolood

Camoyalibebuli ar Cans. erTi SexedviT suraTi ase warmogvidgeba: I da II

pirTa kombinaciebSi obieqturi pirebi (ganurCevlad brunvisa) ricxvSi

iTanxmeben zmnas, xolo III pirSi umTavresad ar xdeba SeTanxmeba, Tumca

Tanamedrove mwerlebis nawarmoebebSi gvxvdeba ricxvSi SeTanxmebis

magaliTebic da isic im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxolod erTi piris

mravlobiTobis aRniSvnaa saWiro, magram Tu orive piri (subieqti da

obieqti) mravlobiTSia, dRevandel qarTulSi erTi morfemis farglebSi

ar gvxvdeba mravlobiTobis gamomxatveli ori sxvadasxva morfema da

erT-erTi aris warmodgenili, upiratesoba im pirs eZleva, visac exeba

zmniT gamoxatuli moqmedeba ganurCevlad subieqtia Tu obieqti. aqve

195

unda aRiniSnos, rom ormagi sufiqsuri mravlobiTis gamoxatvis

SemTxvevebi dialeqtur formebSi gvxvdeba.

4. pirTa kombinaciebis Sedegad naTeli gaxda, rom gamoxatulebis planSi

erTgvari formebidan erT-erTis amorCeva da danarCenis ugulebelyofa

gamarTlebuli ar aris, erTgvari formebi mxolod emTxveva erTmaneTs,

gramatikulad isini sxvadasxva suraTs gviCvenebs (es exeba rogorc

orpirian, aseve sampirian zmnebs). pirTa kombinaciebis dros nulovani

alomorfebis gamoyenebiT naTlad gamoixata is procesebi, romelTa axsna

xerxdeba sxvadasxva faqtorebiT. ZiriTadad am cvlilebaTa mizezi

morfonologiaa. kerZod,:

S1O2 KOMBsubieqturi pirveli piris niSani v- ar aris warmodgenili da

arc arasdros yofila, radgan |vg| erTi morfemis farglebSi dauSvebeli

komoleqsia da v- prefiqsis dakargva simultanuri procesia. aseTi

procesia S2O1 kombinaciaSi, sadac x- meore subieqturi piris niSani

yovelTvis nulovani alomorfiT iqneba warmodgenili.

axal qarTulSi kombinaciaSi S1pO2

p Tavs iyris ori -T-T. rogorc viciT,

geminirebuli Tanxmovnebi ar aris damaxasiaTebeli erTi morfemis

farglebSi da, bunebrivia, morfemaTa sazRvarze daikarga erT-erTi,

romelic nuli alomorfiT iqneba warmodgenili.

aseTive viTarebaa Zvel qarTulSi kombinaciaSi S2O3 , sadac sxvadasxva

funqciis ori x-x- prefiqsi xvdeba erTmaneTs uSualo mezoblobaSi da

erT-erTi maTgani yovelTvis nulovani alomorfiT iqneba warmodgenili.

sainteresoa, sampiriani zmnis S2O3O3 kombinacia, sadac Tavs iyris Zvel

qarTulSi sami erTnairi x-x-x- prefiqsi, amaTgan ori daikargeba da erTi

darCeba, anu am kombinaciaSi gveqneba ori nulovani alomorfi.

S1O3 kombinacia Zvel qarTulSi warmodgenilia Semdegi saxiT: *v-x-

TanmimdevrobaSi v- prefiqsma metaTezisi ganicada; |x-|-s momdevnod [v]

gadadis wyvilbagismier [u] TanxmovanSi, romelic rig SemTxvevebSi

ikargeba. mimdevroba |vx| icvleba |xv-| Ti, rac gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom

|xv| erTi morfemis farglebSi ar gvxvdeba, xolo |xu| metad

196

gavrcelebuli mimdevrobaa Zvel qarTulSi rogorc zmnebSi, aseve

saxelebSi.

Catarebuli analizis safuZvelze garkveuli mosazreba Camoyalibda

mesame iribi obieqturi piris niSnis xmarebasTan dakavSirebiT. axal

qarTulSi, rogorc cnobilia, mesame iribi obieqturi piris niSani

mxolod xSulebis win ixmareba, sxva SemTxvevaSi igi nulovani

alomorfiTaa warmodgenili, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom is SeiZleba iyos

garkveul SemTxvevaSi da SeiZleba _ ara. es ki gamoricxavs mis

aucileblobas, rac niSnavs, rom mas gramatikuli funqcia faqtiurad

aRar aqvs, radganac nulovani alomorfic kargad asrulebs im funqcias

_ daupirispirdes I da II piris formebs. amas emateba isic, rom

Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiTac mniSvneloba ara aqvs vityviT hyavs Tu

yavs, swams Tu wams, hgonia Tu gonia. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom

metyvelebaSi am zmnebSi gamoxatuli s- da h- morfemebi TiTqmis ar ismis.

rogorc Cans, is zustad imave gzas miyveba, rac gaiara meore subieqturma

da mesame pirdapir obieqturma piris niSnebma, magram, vfiqrobT, am

process anelebs enaSi arsebuli saliteraturo normac, romelic am

SemTxvevaSi enis cvlilebas aferxebs.

197

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202

Semoklebani

i. _ ioanes saxareba

l. _ lukas saxareba

m. _ maTes saxareba

mr. _ markozis saxareba

fs. _ fsalmunis Zv. qarTuli redaqciebi

m.cx. _ mamaTa cxovreba

moc. _ saqme mociqulTa

sin. _ sinuri mravalTavi

sak. w. _ sakiTxavi wigni Zv. qarTul enaSi, II.

ist. qr. _ qarTuli enis istoriuli qrestomaTia, i. imnaiSvili.

xanZT. _ cxorebaÁ grigol xanZTelisaÁ.

SuS. _ iakob xucesi, martÂlobaÁ SuSanikisi.

moqc. _ moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ.

sin. _ sinuri mravalTavi.

vefx. _ vefxistyaosani

visr. _ visramiani

qarT. cx. _ qarTlis cxovreba

qarT. sam. Zeg. _ qarTlis samarTlis Zeglebi

amirand. _ amiran-darejaniani

gr. xanZT. _ grigol xanZTeli

haem. t. _ haemeti teqstebi