Upload
isaavedracastro
View
358
Download
26
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
manuales de reles
Citation preview
T60 Transformer Management T60 Transformer Management RelayRelay
Relé digital multifuncional para protección de transformador:
Paquete configurable de multiprotección de transformador.Hasta 4 juegos de CTs y/o PTs (T60)Hasta 6 juegos de CTs y/o PTs (T35)Programmable FlexLogic (Lógica programable)Mensajería GOOSE y Direct I/O. Fácil acceso a través del HMI (Human Machine Interface)Fácil monitoreo y control a través de un programa de PC.Variedad de comunicaciones
• PROTECCIONES:PROTECCIONES: Protección diferencial de porcentaje (87T) Protección diferencial instantánea (87/50) Restricción de falla a tierra(87G) Sobreexitación – Volts/Hz (24) Fase/Neutro/Tierra TOCs (51P, 51N, 51G) Fase/Neutro/Tierra IOCs (50P, 50N, 50G) Sobrecorriente direccional de fase y neutro (67P, 67N) Bajo y sobre voltaje de fase (27P, 59P) Bajo y sobre voltaje auxiliares (27X, 59X) Sobrevoltaje de neutro (59N) FlexElements – Comparadores universales
• CONTROLES:CONTROLES: Seis grupos de ajuste Sobre y baja frecuencia Elementos digitales Contadores digitales Interruptor de selección
• ENTRADAS/SALIDASENTRADAS/SALIDAS Contactos de entrada y salida Entradas y salidas virtuales Entradas y salidas directas Entradas y salidas remotas (GOOSE)
• MEDICIÓN Y MONITOREO:MEDICIÓN Y MONITOREO:
Corrientes (Fasores y RMS) – Fases, Tierra, Neutro, Componentes simétricas y demanda.
Voltajes (Fasores y RMS) – Fases, Tierra, Neutro y Componentes simétricas.
Potencia - Activa, Reactiva, Aparente, Factor de potencia. Energía y energía de demanda. Corrientes diferenciales y de restricción por fase. Corrientes diferenciales y de restricción de tierra. Corrientes diferenciales de 2ndo y 5to armónico por fase. Corrientes de 2ndo y 5to armónico y THD. Oscilografías. Registrador de eventos Lógica de datos (Data Logger)
Compensación externa de ángulo por fase (Forma antigua)
Típicamente 30° de desfase
Y
Delta
Compensación externa de ángulo por fase (Forma antigua)
Típicamente 30° de desfase
Y
Y
I1 I2
D/Y 30
I1 SEC I2 SEC
I1 SEC
I2 SEC
Conexión en Y
Conexión en Y
UR T60
Corrientes del primario del transformador – Fase A
I1
I2
-30°
I1 SEC
-30°
I2 SEC
Corriente en el secundario del CT, Cuando está conectado al relé – Fase
A
PASO 1. Entradas de CTs
PASO 2. Configuración de fuente
PASO 3. Número de devanados
PASO 4. Devanados del transformador
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
PASO 4. Configuración de devanados del transformador
Fuente (SRC) para corrientes de devanados para Paso 3
Capacidad de devanados (MVA) de datos de placa del
transformador
Devanado de fase a fase de tensión nominal según datos de placa del transformador
Tipo de conexión de los devanados
Bobinado de Tierra dentro de la zona de protección 87T.
Ángulo, por el cual las corrientes del devanado 2 atrasan a as corrientes del
devanado 1. With Respect To (WRT) ángulo de 0° del
devanado 1.
Bobinado de resistencia en serie.
El ángulo del devanado 1 deberá ser ingresada como 0° para cualquier
configuración de transformador.
• Configuración del relé Configuración del relé electromecánicoelectromecánico::
• Compensación de magnitud:– Cálculo de Tap del relé para entrada
del CT(Introducir imprecisión debido a a la aproximación de la lectura del CT con la configuración del tap del relé)
• Cambio de compensación de fase:
– Delta externa conectando los CTs en Y y Y externa conectando los CTs en Delta. (Aumenta la probabilida de cometer errores de conexión)
• Configuración del relé Configuración del relé digital:digital:• Configuración de magnitud
automática:– Un software calcula los factores de
compensación de magnitud para todas las corrientes de los devanados, y las escala internamente.
• Cambio de compensación de fase:
– Un software detecta el cambio de fase configurado en el menú de devanados del transformador, y compara estos con el actual cambio de fases entre las corrientes que están conectadas a los terminales del relé. Todos los CTs pueden ser conectados en Y en el transformador.
• T60 Compensación de fase: The first Delta or Zig-Zag winding from the transformer setup becomes
phase reference winding. When non of the above winding connections are present, la referencia es el primer devanado en Y.
– Para secuencia ABC, la compensación del ángulo de fase es como se muestra a continuación:
comp[w] = [w ref.] - [w]
Ejemplo: Tipo de transformador D/Y30
DELTA: comp[w] = 0° - 0° = 0° - reference
WYE: comp[w] = 0° - (-30°) = 30° = 330 lag
– Para secuencia ACB, La compensación del ángulo de fase es como se muestra a continuación:
comp[w] = [w] - [w ref.]
Ejemplo: Tipo de transformador D/Y30
DELTA: comp[w] = 0° - 0° = 0° - reference
WYE: comp[w] = -30° - 0° = 30° lag
UR T60UR T60 : : COMPENSACIÓN DE FASECOMPENSACIÓN DE FASE
UR T60UR T60 : : COMPENSACIÓN DE FASESCOMPENSACIÓN DE FASES
Transformer: D/Y30
DELTACorrientes en el primario
IA(0 deg.)- IA(-180 deg.)
IB(-120 deg.)
IC(-240 deg.)
- IC(-60 deg.)
-IB(-300 deg.)
IA'
IC'
IB'
ic'(-90)
ib'(-330)ia'(-210)
-210 deg.
Y y DELTACorrientes secundarias
Vistas en el relé
ABC rotation:WYE
Corrientes en el primario
Ic(-270)
Ia(-30 )Ib(-150)
WYE y DELTACorrientes secundarias compensadas
ia'(-180) IA'
ic'(-60)
ib'(-300)
IB'
IC'
UR T60UR T60 : : COMPENSACIÓN DE FASESCOMPENSACIÓN DE FASES
IA 0°
IB -120°
IC -240°
I a = (IA' – IC ‘) -30°
r
H1
H2
H3
X1
X2
X3
IA '
IB '
IC '
I b = (IB ' – IC ‘) -150°
I c = (IC ' – IB ‘) -270°
IA
IB
IC
IA'
IB'
IC'
I a
I b
I c
Delta lags Wyeby 30 deg.
ABC Rotación : Ángulo de compensación = - 30 - 0 = 30 lag
UR T60UR T60 : : PHASE COMPENSATIONSPHASE COMPENSATIONS
IA 0°
IB-240°
IC -120°
I a = ( IA' – IC ‘) -330°
r
H1
H2
H3
X1
X2
X3
IA '
IC '
IB '
I b = (IB ' - IA‘) -210°
I c = (IC ' – IB ‘) -90°
IA
IB
IC
Delta lags Wye by 30 deg. for ACB rotation
IA'
I B '
IC '
I a
I c
-IC '
-I A '
-IB'
ACB Rotación : Ángulo de compensación = 0 – (- 330) = 330 = 30 lag
I b
URUR T60 T60 : : COMPENSACIÓN DE MAGNITUDCOMPENSACIÓN DE MAGNITUD
A partir del firmware 3.40, una nueva opción de configuración ha sido implementada “Reference Winding Selection”. El usuario puede seleccionar un devanado del menú de selección, para tomar a uno de estos como referencia, el cual automáticamente selecciona los CT’s de este devanado (CT setup) como una unidad para la protección diferencial de porcentaje.
UR T60UR T60 : : COMPENSACIÓN DE MAGNITUDCOMPENSACIÓN DE MAGNITUD
1. Calcular la corriente promedio para cada devanado:
Ipromedio (w1)= MVA/(kV(w1)* 3)
Ipromedio (w2)= MVA/(kV(w2)* 3)
2. Calcular el CT margin para cada devanado:
L margin(w1) = CT primary(w1)/ Ipromedio (w1)
L margin(w2) = CT primary(w2)/ Ipromedio (w2)
3. Encontrar el menor margen de CT:
CT de referencia: = min [L margin(w1), L margin(w2)]
4. Encontrar la magnitud de coeficientes, por los cuales las corrientes de los devanados correspondientes son multiplicadas:
M(W)= [CT prim(W).V nom(W)] / [CT prim(Wref).V nom(W ref)]
• 87T Magnitud de referencia en “Automatic”:
REFERENCE: – kV(Wx), UNIT: CT(Wx)
• Encontrar la magnitud de los coeficientes de escalamiento por los cuales las corrientes de los devanados correspondientes son multiplicados.
M(W)= [CT prim(W).V nom(W)] / [CT prim(Wref).V nom(W ref)]
UR T60UR T60 : : COMPENSACIÓN DE MAGNITUDCOMPENSACIÓN DE MAGNITUD
• 87T magnitude reference set to “Winding X”:
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60 : : CORRIENTES DIFERENCIAL Y DE RESTRICCIÓNCORRIENTES DIFERENCIAL Y DE RESTRICCIÓN
Corrientes compensadas:
I1COMP = C1*M1(w1)*(I1SEC/CT1RATIO)
I2COMP = C2*M2(w2)*(I2SEC/CT2RATIO) where,
C1, C2 - phase shift coefficients ( C = 1 for the phase reference winding)
M1, M2 - magnitude coefficients ( M = 1 for the magnitude reference winding)
DIFFERENTIAL SIGNAL: IDIFF. = I1COMP + I2COMP
RESTRAINING SIGNAL:
IRESTR. = max ( |I1COMP| , | I2COMP|)
UR T60UR T60 : : CORRIENTES DIFERENCIAL Y DE RESTRICCIÓNCORRIENTES DIFERENCIAL Y DE RESTRICCIÓN
• Dos curvas usadas para dar solución a:Dos curvas usadas para dar solución a:– Pequeños errores durante la operación lineal de
los CTs (S1) and– Grandes errrores de CTs (saturation) debido a
altas corrientes (S2)
S1
S2
diffe
ren
tia
l
restrainingA
B1 B2
UR T60UR T60 : : DIFERENCIAL – CARACTERÍSTICAS DE DIFERENCIAL – CARACTERÍSTICAS DE RESTRICCIÓNRESTRICCIÓN
• Dos puntos de corte utilizados para especificar:Dos puntos de corte utilizados para especificar:– El límite de seguridad de operación lineal del CT (B1)
–El mínimo nivel de corriente que puede causar grandes alteraciones en la señal diferencialndebido a la saturación del CT (B2).
diffe
ren
tia
l
restrainingA
B1
S2
S1
B2
UR T60UR T60 : : DIFERENCIAL – CARACTERÍSTICAS DE DIFERENCIAL – CARACTERÍSTICAS DE RESTRICCIÓNRESTRICCIÓN
T60 BIASED DIFFERENTIAL( LOGIC DIAGRAM )
Id > PKP
YES
Ir < B1
NO
B1 < Ir < B2 YES
NO
Ir > B2
Id/Ir, % >S2 YES TRIP
Id/Ir,% >S1&S2
Id/Ir%>S1YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO TRIP
YES
Id, pu
Ir, pu
Min. PKP
B 1 B 2
S 1
S 2
UR T60UR T60 : : DIFERENCIAL – CARACTERÍSTICAS DE DIFERENCIAL – CARACTERÍSTICAS DE RESTRICCIÓNRESTRICCIÓN
Monitoreo en tiempo real de la relacióndifferential/restraint
UR T60UR T60 : : CORRIENTES DIFERENCIAL Y DE RESTRICCIÓNCORRIENTES DIFERENCIAL Y DE RESTRICCIÓN
Señal diferencial:
• Eliminar la componente de secuencia cero de la señal diferencial:
– Opcional para devanados conectados en Delta
– permite hacer frente en la zona de puesta a tierra de transformadores y cables en zonas con importantes corrientes de secuencia cero de carga
• Eliminación de la componente DC en descomposición
• Algoritmo cíclico completo de Fourier para medir tanto el fasor de corriente diferencial como los armónicos segundo y quinto.
Señal de restricción:
• Eliminación de la componente DC en descomposición.
• Algoritmo cíclico completo de Fourier para medir las magnitudes.
• “Maximum of” Principio que se utiliza para derivar la señal de restricción de las corrientes en los terminales.
Ejemplo:230 kV
CT1 (500: 5) CT2 (1000: 5) 69 kV
I2 = Load = 800 Amp
100 MVA
D/Yg30
i2' = 4 Ai1' = 2. 4 A
PHASECOMPENSATION
PHASECOMPENSATION
MAGNITUDECOMPENSATION
2.4 * 1.67= 4 A
MAGNITUDECOMPENSATION
4 * 1 = 4 A
Id = 0
I1 =240 A
i1' (comp.) i2' (comp.)
T60
UR T60UR T60 : : 87T EJEMPLO DE CÁLCULO87T EJEMPLO DE CÁLCULO
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60 : : 87T CALCULATION EXAMPLE87T CALCULATION EXAMPLE
• Unit definition for biased and unbiased differential protections:(Automatic selection)The unit used by the T60 percent and instantaneous differential
protections, is ”the primary rated CT, representing the magnitude reference winding”
From the Example: XFMR: D/Yg30, 100MVA, 230/69kV230kV side: CT1(500:5), I rated(230kV) = 251 Amps69kV side: CT2(1000:5), I rated(69kV) = 836.7 Amps
Margin(230kV) = 500/251 = 1.99 Margin(69kV) = 1000/836.7 = 1.195 (CT2 most likely to saturate first)REFERENCE: > Winding 2UNIT: CT2 (1000:5)
Magnitude M1 = 1.67 => (i’(w1)/500) * 1.67 = i1’’(comp.)
coefficients: M2 = 1 => (i’(w2)/1000) * 1 = i2”(comp.)
…..o para 800 Amps de carga para el devanado 2 ,
I2SEC = 800/(CT2RATIO = 200) = 4 Amps
I1SEC = 240/(CT1RATIO = 100) = 2.4 Amps
Corrientes compensadas:
I1COMP = (240/500)*(M1 = 1.668) = 0.8 pu
I2COMP = (800/1000)*(M2 = 1) = 0.8 pu (reference)
• Corriente diferencial: Id = 0.8 pu - 0.8 pu = 0 pu
• Corriente de restricción: Ir = max(0.8, 0.8) = 0.8 puId, pu
Ir, pu
Min. PKP
B 1 B 2
S 1
S 2
UR T60UR T60 : : 87T CALCULATION EXAMPLE87T CALCULATION EXAMPLE
Configuración en por unidad para las características Diferencial - restricción
Min PKP: = 0.3 pu = 0.3 * 1000 = 300 A Corriente diferencialBreak 1: = 2 pu = 2*1000 = 2000 A Corriente de restricciónBreak 2: = 8 pu = 8*1000 = 8000 A Corriente de restricciónSlope 1: = 25% = (Id/Ir)*100 = (0.25)*100Slope 2: = 95% = (Id/Ir)*100 = (0.95)*100
Id, pu
Ir, pu
Min. PKP
Break 1 Break 2
Slope 1
Slope 2
UR T60UR T60 : : 87T EJEMPLO DE CÁLCULO87T EJEMPLO DE CÁLCULO
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
(Devanado 1 seleccionado como referencia)El voltaje de fase a fase del devanado 1 es el voltaje de referencia,
and the primary rated CT, is the unit for magnitude scaling computations
…..or for 800 Amps load at Winding 2 , I2SEC = 800/(CT2RATIO = 200) = 4 Amps I1SEC = 240/(CT1RATIO = 100) = 2.4 Amps
Magnitude coefficients:M1 = 1 =>(500*230)/(500*230) = 1M2 = (1000*69)/(500*230) = 0.6
Compensated currents: I1COMP = (240/500)*(M1 = 1) = 0.48 pu (reference)I2COMP = (800/1000)*(M2 = 0.6) = 0.48 pu
• differential current: Id = 0.48 pu - 0.48 pu = 0 pu• restraining current: Ir = max(0.48, 0.48) = 0.48 pu
Id, pu
Ir, pu
Min. PKP
B 1 B 2
S 1
S 2
UR T60UR T60 : : 87T SETTINGS CALCULATION EXAMPLE87T SETTINGS CALCULATION EXAMPLE
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
Minimum PKP:Minimum PKP:• errors from winding CTsWorst case: + 10% CT1 error of In(w1) = 25.1 A, therefore In(w1) =276.1 Amps - 10% CT error of In(w2) = 83.67 A, or In(w2) = 753 Amps 753 Amp/1000 = 0.75 pu CT2(1000:5) - reference (276.1 Amp* 1.668)/500 = 0.92 pu Differential current = 0.92pu - 0.75pu = 0.17 pu (Min Pick Up setting)•The tap changer adds another 10% error
100MVA, D/Y30
230kV
69kVCT1 (500:5) CT2 (1000:5)
Load = 800 A240 A
In(w1) = 251 AmpsIn(w2) = 836.7 Amps
UR T60UR T60 : : 87T SETTINGS CALCULATION EXAMPLE87T SETTINGS CALCULATION EXAMPLE
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
Slope 1 :Slope 1 :-differential current Id = 0.17 pu-Restraint current Ir = 0.92 puSlope 1 setting: (Id/Ir)*100 = 18% + 5%(safety margin) = 23 % Breakpoint 1:The setting should correspond to the maximum of the linear operation of the CT, counting up to 80% remanent flux in the core of the CT. CT1(500:5), C400 has Vsat = 125V, and Zb = 5 - total burdenCT2(1000:5), C400 has Vsat = 240V, and Zb =4 - standard burdenTherefore:Imax(CT1) = Vsat/Zb = 25 Amps secondary currentImax(CT2) = 60 Amps
Imax,pu(CT1) will be Imax(CT1)*M1/CT tap = 8.34 puImax, pu(CT2) = Imax(CT2)*M2/CT tap = 12 puThe 80% CT remanent flux will lower the smaller per unit value to 1.668 pu, which will be used for Breakpoint 1 setting
UR T60UR T60 : : 87T SETTINGS CALCULATION EXAMPLE87T SETTINGS CALCULATION EXAMPLE
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
Breakpoint 2: Breakpoint 2: The per unit setting, should correspond to the smallest fault current (no DC The per unit setting, should correspond to the smallest fault current (no DC offset) that can cause a CT to saturate. The Breakpoint 2 can be set to 8.34 offset) that can cause a CT to saturate. The Breakpoint 2 can be set to 8.34 pu.pu.
Slope 2:Slope 2:The setting for Slope 2 should be high enough to override the differential The setting for Slope 2 should be high enough to override the differential current, caused by CT saturation. current, caused by CT saturation. The worst case for example would be if say CT1 doesn’t saturate on The worst case for example would be if say CT1 doesn’t saturate on through fault current, and CT2 saturates heavily producing very small through fault current, and CT2 saturates heavily producing very small currentcurrentIn such cases the Slope 2 should be set as high as 95-98%.In such cases the Slope 2 should be set as high as 95-98%.
UR T60UR T60 : : 87T SETTINGS CALCULATION EXAMPLE87T SETTINGS CALCULATION EXAMPLE
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
Ext2_PhA_Sat
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1
86
171
256
341
426
511
596
681
766
851
936
1021
1106
1191
1276
1361
Sample #:
Id/Ir, %
Series1
Saturación de CT(1000:5) durante fallas de Fase A a Tierra en un transformador de 100MVA, 230/69kV, D/Y30.
Máxima relación Id/Ir = 0.57 *100% = 57%
Full DC offsetTDC = 67 msLight CT saturation on fault current with full DC offset
UR T60 : 87T PERFORMANCE ON CT SATURATION87T PERFORMANCE ON CT SATURATION
Id, pu
Ir, pu
Min. PKP
B 1 B 2
S 1
S 2
Id/Ir =0. 57Id/Ir = 0
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
Ext9_Sat
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
154
107
160
213
266
319
372
425
478
531
584
637
690
743
796
849
902
955
1008
1061
Sample #:
Id/Ir, %Series1
External B to C fault on Y side of the D/Y30, transformer.100MVA, 230/69kVMaximum Id/Ir,% = 50%
No DC offset!Severe CT saturation on symmetrical fault current
UR T60 : 87T PERFORMANCE ON CT SATURATION87T PERFORMANCE ON CT SATURATION
Id, pu
Ir, pu
Min. PKP
B 1 B 2
S 1
S 2
Id/Ir =0. 5Id/Ir = 0
UR T60 : TEST DE SATURACIÓN DE CTTEST DE SATURACIÓN DE CT
Ext6_Sat_phB
0102030405060708090
100
172
143
214
285
356
427
498
569
640
711
782
853
924
995
1066
1137
Sample #:
Id/Ir, %
Series1
External B to C fault on Y side of the D/Y30, transformer.100MVA, 230/69kVMaximum Id/Ir,% = 87%
Full DC offsetTDC = 83 msSevere CT saturation on fault current with DC offset
Id, pu
Ir, pu
Min. PKP
B 1 B 2
S 1
S 2 Id/Ir =0. 87
Id/Ir = 0
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
Adaptive 2-nd harmonicTraditional 2-nd harmonic
Adaptive 2-nd harmonicTraditional 2-nd harmonic
Per-Phase2-out-of-3 (Cross-Phase)
Average
Per-Phase2-out-of-3 (Cross-Phase)
Average
UR T60UR T60: : 87T – 287T – 2NDND HARMONIC INHIBIT HARMONIC INHIBIT
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
• Adapt. 2nd
• Trad. 2nd
• Per phase• 2-out-of-3• Average
UR T60UR T60: : 87T – 287T – 2NDND HARMONIC INHIBIT HARMONIC INHIBIT
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
Adaptive 2-nd harmonic
Traditional 2-nd harmonic
2-nd harmonic mode:
Percent Differential Harmonic Inhibiting
Per - Phase
2-out-of-3
Average
Inrush Inhibit Mode:
selectedharmonic
mode
selectedinhibitmode
FlexLogicoperands
Inhibit PercentDifferentialOperation
UR T60UR T60: : 87T – 287T – 2NDND HARMONIC INHIBIT HARMONIC INHIBIT
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
• Adaptive 2-nd harmonicAdaptive 2-nd harmonic– uses both the magnitude and phase relation
between the second harmonic and the fundamental frequency (60Hz) components
• Traditional 2-nd harmonic– Uses only the magnitude of the 2-nd harmonic,
without considering the phase angle with the fundamental component
UR T60UR T60: : 87T – 287T – 2NDND HARMONIC INHIBIT HARMONIC INHIBIT
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
• Per-phasePer-phase
–The 2-nd harmonic from an individual phase, blocks the operation of the differential protection for only that phase, if above the 2-nd harmonic setting
• 2-out-of-3
– The detection of 2-nd harmonic on any two phases that is higher than the setting, blocks the differential protection on all three phases.
• Average
–The averaged amount of 2-nd harmonic from the three phases, blocks the differential protection for all of them, if above the setting.
UR T60UR T60: : 87T – 287T – 2NDND HARMONIC INHIBIT HARMONIC INHIBIT
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Time (cycles)
0
500
1000
1500
-400
i [A] (a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Time (cycles)
I2 / I 1(b)
Sample magnetizing inrush current
Sample magnetizing inrush current
Second harmonic ratio
Second harmonic ratio
UR T60UR T60: : 87T – 287T – 2NDND HARMONIC INHIBIT HARMONIC INHIBIT
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
Fundamentalphasor
2nd harmonicphasor
121
2
1
221 arg2arg II
I
I
eI
II
tj
121
2
1
221 arg2arg II
I
I
eI
II
tj
Solution:Solution:
Differential current
UR T60UR T60: : 87T – 287T – 2NDND HARMONIC INHIBIT HARMONIC INHIBIT
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
• Operating foundations of the Adaptive 2Operating foundations of the Adaptive 2ndnd harmonic harmonic inhibit:inhibit:
– if the second harmonic drops magnitude-wise below 20%, the phase angle of the complex second harmonic ratio is close to either +90 or -90 degrees during inrush conditions
– the phase angle may not display the 90-degree symmetry if the second harmonic ratio is above some 20%
– if the second harmonic ratio falls bellow 20% making an angle of ± 90° with the fundamental current, the algorithm applies adaptive lenses, and time for which the 87T protection is inhibited.
UR T60UR T60: : 87T – 287T – 2NDND HARMONIC INHIBIT HARMONIC INHIBIT
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3
-0.25
-0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
I2 / I
1 (real)
I 2 / I 1 (
ima
gin
ary
)
Isochrone contours, cycles
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1
11
1
1
1
11
2
2
22
2
2
2
23
3 3 3
3
33
34
4 4
4
44
4
5
55
55
5
5
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3
-0.25
-0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
I2 / I
1 (real)
I 2 / I 1 (
ima
gin
ary
)
Isochrone contours, cycles
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1
11
1
1
1
11
2
2
22
2
2
2
23
3 3 3
3
33
34
4 4
4
44
4
5
55
5
5
5
5
Effective restraint characteristic: time (cycles) the restraint is kept vs. complex second harmonic ratio
Effective restraint characteristic: time (cycles) the restraint is kept vs. complex second harmonic ratio
UR T60UR T60: : 87T – 287T – 2NDND HARMONIC INHIBIT HARMONIC INHIBIT
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : 87T – ADAPTIVE 287T – ADAPTIVE 2NDND HARMONIC INHIBIT HARMONIC INHIBIT
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
74.76ms = 4. 5 cycles
UR T60UR T60: : 87T – ADAPTIVE 287T – ADAPTIVE 2NDND HARMONIC INHIBIT EXAMPLES HARMONIC INHIBIT EXAMPLES
Inrush current on transformer energization – phase C
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
Transformer D/Y30, 13.8/115 kV energized from Wye side
UR T60UR T60: : 87T – ADAPTIVE 287T – ADAPTIVE 2NDND HARMONIC INHIBIT EXAMPLES HARMONIC INHIBIT EXAMPLES
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
2-nd hrmc=9.9%
2.11 cycles(60Hz)
Inrush current on transformer energization – phase A
UR T60UR T60: : 87T – ADAPTIVE 287T – ADAPTIVE 2NDND HARMONIC INHIBIT EXAMPLES HARMONIC INHIBIT EXAMPLES
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60&T35UR T60&T35 : : OVERALL BENEFITSOVERALL BENEFITS
• Up to four restraints(T60) and up to six supported by UR T35
• Improved transformer auto-configuration• Improved dual-slope differential characteristic • Improved second harmonic restraint• Benefits of the UR platform (back-up
protection,metering and oscillography, event recorder, data logger, FlexLogicTM, fast peer-to-peer communication)
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60:UR T60: INSTANTANEOUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION INSTANTANEOUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
T60 Instantaneous Differential ProtectionT60 Instantaneous Differential Protection
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60:UR T60: INSTANTANEOUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION INSTANTANEOUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60:UR T60: INSTANTANEOUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION INSTANTANEOUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
The setting must be higher than the maximum differential current the relay may detect on through fault accounting for CT saturation The setting must be higher than the maximum inrush current during energization The setting must be lower, than the maximum internal fault current
87T/50 PICKUP SETTING:
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTIONRESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION
Restricted Ground Fault (RGF) protectionRestricted Ground Fault (RGF) protection
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTIONRESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTIONRESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION
Low impedance ground differential protection Adjustable pickup and slope settings to cope with unbalances during load and through fault currents Configurable time delay – not needed after the RGF enhancements
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTIONRESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION
Igd, pu
I = max( IR1, IR2, IR0 ), pu
Min. PKP
S lope
Zero sequence based restraint:IR0 =| IG - IN | =| IG – (IA + IB + IC) |
Negative sequence based restraint:IR2 =| I2 | for first 2 cycles on transformer energizationIR2 =3*| I2 | - in normal conditions
Positive sequence based restraint:IR1 =3*(|I1| - |I0|), if |I1| > 1.5 pu,and |I1| > |I0|else IR1 = |I1| / 8
Ground differential current:Igd =| IG + IN | =| IG +IA + IB + IC) |
Ground restraint current: Igr = max (IR1, IR2, IR0)
UR T60UR T60: : RGF PROTECTION – SETTINGS CALCULATIONRGF PROTECTION – SETTINGS CALCULATION
Ejemplo:Igd, pu
I = max( IR1, IR2, IR0 ), pu
Min. PKP
S lope
• Ig = 80A – Detección de mínima corriente de falla a tierra.• Min PKP = 80A/1500 = 0.053 pu
rr
3I0
Ig
Ig
T60
If CT(1500:1)
CTg (600:1)
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
% CT saturation vs. % slope
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Actual (Igd/Igr)% ratio % saturation of phase CT
UR T60UR T60: : RGF PROTECTION – SETTINGS CALCULATIONRGF PROTECTION – SETTINGS CALCULATION
• The slope setting for the RGF protection must be above the maximum expected ground differential/restraint ratio on through faults due to the CT saturation. A setting in the range from 40% to 70% is recommended. The graph bellow, shows the percent of CT saturation of the phase CT, and the actual ground differential/restraint ratio. For example, 80% CT saturation during external phase to ground fault results into 66.7% ratio. Therefore, a setting of 70% would be sufficient.
80% phase CT saturation
66.7% actual Igd/Igr ratio
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTIONRESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION
SETTINGS:• SECURITYExternal single line to ground fault example and 80% ground CT saturation:Phase currentsIA = 10 pu IR0 = abs(3*(2/3) – (-10)) = 12 pu Igd = 8puIB = 0 pu IR2 = 3*(1/3) = 10 pu Igr = 12 puIC = 0 pu IR1 = 0.0 pu Igd/Igr,% = 66.7%IG = 2 pu
• SENSITIVITYInternal low-current single line to ground fault example:Phase currentsIA = 1.1 pu 0° I0 = 0.033 pu IR0 = abs(3*0.033 –(0.05) = 0.05 IB = 1 pu -120° I2 = 0.033 pu IR2 = 3*(0.033) = 0.1 puIC = 1 pu -240° I1 = 1.033 pu IR1 = 1.033/8 = 0.1292 puIG = 0.05 pu 0°
Igd = abs(3*0.033+0.05) = 0.15pu, Igr = 0.1292puIgd/Igr, % = 0.15/0.1292 = 116%
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTIONRESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION
• CT SATURATION
IA
IB
IC
IG
Igd
Igr
Igr currents starts decaying and will reach50% of its initial magnitude after 15.5 cycles
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTIONRESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION
• TRANSFORMER ENERGIZATION
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTIONRESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION
Excel simulation tool for RGF protection tests
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : OVEREXCITATION(V/Hz) PROTECTIONOVEREXCITATION(V/Hz) PROTECTION
Overexcitation (V/Hz) protectionOverexcitation (V/Hz) protection
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : OVEREXCITATION(V/Hz) PROTECTIONOVEREXCITATION(V/Hz) PROTECTION
SETTIN G
FLEXLOGIC OPERA N DS
SETTIN G
SETTIN G
VOLTS /H Z 1FU N CTION :
SETTIN GS
VOLTS / H Z 1TD M U LT IP LIER:
VOLTS / H Z 1CU RVE:
VOLTS / H Z 1P ICK U P :
VOLTS P ER H ERTZ 1 P K P
VOLTS P ER H ERTZ 1 DP O
VOLTS P ER H ERTZ 1 OP
VOLTS /H Z 1 B LOCK :
D isabled = 0
Off = 0
Enabled = 1
VOLTS /H Z 1S OU RCE:
VOLT / H z828003A 3.CDR
FREEZE
t
V /H z
VOLTS / H Z 1T-RES ET:
RU N
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : OVEREXCITATION(V/Hz) PROTECTIONOVEREXCITATION(V/Hz) PROTECTION
SETTINGS:
66.4 V / 60 Hz = 1 PU, The per unit setting should cope with the recommended for the transformer 1.1 x Vnom continuous voltage, and set just above that voltage for alarm and trip.
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : OVEREXCITATION(V/Hz) PROTECTIONOVEREXCITATION(V/Hz) PROTECTION
V/Hz improvements:• thermal curve customization through the FlexCurve setup utility• improved cooling reset time
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : THERMAL PROTECTIONTHERMAL PROTECTION
Transformer thermal protectionTransformer thermal protection
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : TRANSFORMER THERMAL DETECTION - INPUTSTRANSFORMER THERMAL DETECTION - INPUTS
SETTINGS:
The transformer nameplate data must be entered in the transformer general setup menu.
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : TRANSFORMER THERMAL DETECTION – INPUTSTRANSFORMER THERMAL DETECTION – INPUTS
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60: : TRANSFORMER THERMAL ELEMENTSTRANSFORMER THERMAL ELEMENTS
• Hottest Spot Temperature
• Aging factor
• Loss of Life
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Top Oil temp Hot spot temp Load Current
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60 : : SOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITSSOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITS
T60 Benefits of Source configuration and some useful applications
T60 Benefits of Source configuration and some useful applications
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60 : : SOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITSSOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITS
Fig. 1 Source and protection configuration for the
application of Fig 1
F1
M1F5 M5
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60 : : SOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITSSOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITS
Earth fault protection configuration for the application of Fig.2.
Source and protection configuration application of Fig.2
F1
F5
M1
M4
H
X
Fig. 2
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T35UR T35: : SOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITSSOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITS
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T35UR T35: : SOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITSSOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITS
F1
F5
M1
M5
U1
U5
AC INPUTS
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T35UR T35: : SOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITSSOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITS
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T35UR T35: : SOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITSSOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITS
F1
F5
M1
M5
U1
U5
AC INPUTS
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T35UR T35: : SOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITSSOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITS
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60 : : SOME USEFUL TESTSSOME USEFUL TESTS
Some useful Percent Differential testsSome useful Percent Differential tests
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60 : : SOME USEFUL TESTSSOME USEFUL TESTS
Excel simulation tool for transformer differential protection tests
Website:http://www.geindustrial.com/cwc/products?pnlid=6&famid=31&catid=213&id=t60&typeId=9&lang=en_US
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60 : : SOME USEFUL TESTSSOME USEFUL TESTS
D/y30 transformer
Fault
IA(f)=0.577 pu @ 0 deg.
Ib(f)=0
Ia(f)=1 pu @ 0 deg.
Ic(f)=0
IB(f)=0 pu
IC(f) =0.577 pu @ -180 deg.
A
B
C
A
B
C
Example 1 :
Diagram 1
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60 : : SOME USEFUL TESTSSOME USEFUL TESTS
Test results of Example 1:
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60 : : SOME USEFUL TESTSSOME USEFUL TESTS
…example 1 results - continue
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60 : : SOME USEFUL TESTSSOME USEFUL TESTS
Yd30 transformer
F
IA(f)=0.5 pu @ -270 deg.
Ib(f)=0.866 pu @ -90 deg.
Ia(f)=0
Ic(f)=0.866 pu @ -270 deg.
IB(f)=1 pu @ -90 deg.
IC(f) =0.5 pu @ -270 deg.
A
B
C
A
B
C
Diagram 2
Example 2 :
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60 : : SOME USEFUL TESTSSOME USEFUL TESTS
Test results for Example 2:
GE Consumer & IndustrialMultilin
UR T60UR T60 : : SOME USEFUL TESTSSOME USEFUL TESTS….Example 2 results - continue