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TABLA DE INDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA TAREA
TÍTULO
Species´ relationship in nature
IDIOMA English
ÁREA/ MATERIA Natural Science
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Bloque I: La vida en acción
GUÍON TEMÁTICO
Animales y plantas recibimos gran cantidad de información
del medio exterior en forma de olores, sonidos, imágenes o cambios de temperatura, y también del interior del organismo, como el hambre, la sed, el cansancio o el dolor.
Cada animal responde de forma distinta a los cambios que percibe y ha realizado unas adaptaciones concretas para sobrevivir.
CORRESPONDENCIA CURRICULAR (etapa, curso)
2º de E.S.O.
AUTORÍA Pablo Antúnez Rodrigo
TEMPORALIZACIÓN
APROXIMADA
6 sesiones + 1 sesión de tarea
COMPETENCIAS BÁSICAS
- Competencia en comunicación lingüística - Competencia en conocimiento e interacción con el mundo
físico
- Tratamiento de la información y competencia digital - Competencia social y ciudadana - Competencia para aprender de forma autónoma
- Competencia en autonomía e iniciativa personal.
OBSERVACIONES
Esta secuencia es importante para dar a conocer los aspectos más significativos sobre la función de la relación entre los seres vivos, y
de esta manera se cierra el mini ciclo sobre funciones vitales, puesto que ya hemos estudiado la nutrición y la reproducción
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 2
TABLA DE PROGRAMACIÓN DE LA TAREA TEMA O SUBTEMA OBJETIVOS
CONTENIDOS DEL
ÁREA
CONTENIDOS
LINGÜÍSTICOS TAREAS
CRITERIOS DE
EVALUACIÓN
Proceso estímulo –
respuesta
Receptores de los
estímulos
Órganos de los sentidos
Traducción de los
estímulos en señales
eléctricas
Interpretación del
cerebro
Reconocer la función de
relación como una
adaptación de los seres
vivos al entorno que
habitan
Identificar los
componentes que
intervienen en el proceso
estímulo – respuesta
Comprender la
complejidad del proceso
estímulo – respuesta.
Valorar la capacidad del
sistema nervioso y
endocrino para ofrecer
respuestas ante
estímulos determinados.
Bloque I: La vida en
acción
Descripción de imágenes
y de la realidad que nos
rodea en clase.
Discutir los diferentes
tipos de estímulos.
Responder a un
cuestionario sobre un
video.
Discutir y llegar a un
acuerdo en grupo sobre
ejercicios planteados.
Leer textos para
completar con palabras
de un cuadro.
- Elaboración de tablas
que incluyen ejemplos
de los conceptos
estudiados.
- Investigación en
Internet para completar
actividades.
- Uso de páginas web
para complementar la
formación, así como de
videos para visualizar
aspectos relacionados
con la relación en los
seres vivos.
- Completar textos con
palabras.
- Exponer al resto de los
compañeros los
resultados del trabajo
realizado bajo formato
Role Play
- Definir los conceptos
de estímulos, y los tipos
que hay, así como la
definición de receptores
y sus tipos.
- Explicar el
funcionamiento de
adaptaciones como la
línea lateral de los peces
y los ojos compuestos de
algunos insectos
- Citar algunos factores,
clasificarlos en abióticos
y bióticos
- Explicar en qué
consisten diferentes
relaciones
interespecíficas
- Completar esquemas
sobre la descripción de
nuestro entorno.
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 3
1.- Do you think you are ready? Press Ctrl and click on the image to show off your
senses abilities… or not.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/sensesc
hallenge/senses.swf
“Stimulus”
1.- Copy on your notebook:
Stimuli Definition: “It is any factor that is able to cause a reaction on a living being”
Use your text book to complete the following information:
According to its origin:
Internal
External
According to its proprieties:
Physical
Types of STIMULUS
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 4
2.- Classify the following stimulus among internal and external, and physical or
chemical:
Tiredness
Bad smell
Stress
Speed
Sleep
To wet oneself
To feel ear pressure
Temperature
Pain
Hunger
Thirst
Light and darkness
Flavours
Body contact
Balance
3.- Discuss your results with your partner.
4.- Share the results with the whole class. Let´s write them on the board, creating a table
as it follows. Discuss and correct the results with the rest of the class. Copy the final
table on your notebook.
Stimulus Internal External
Physical
Chemical
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 5
“Stimulus receptors”
1.- Copy on your note book:
Receptor Definition: “They are cells specialized in picking up stimulus, whether they
are internal or external, and send them to the brain through the nervous system”.
Depending on the stimulus, we can distinguish several types of receptors:
Mechanoreceptor: It responds to mechanical pressure.
Chemoreceptor: It detects certain chemical stimuli.
Photoreceptor: It detects light and darkness
Termorreceptores: It responds to temperature changes
Electrorreceptores: It detects Detectan la Electricidad
“sense organs”
1.- Describe what you see. Then pay attention to your teacher explanations:
1.- Sight
Types of Receptors
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 6
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 7
2.- Hearing
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 8
3.- Smell
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 9
4.- Taste
5.- Touch
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 10
3.- Look into the internet to explain the following ideas. Use the scroll to write down
your research.
Lateral line in fishes:
Compound eyes in flies:
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 11
4.- Watch the video “Human senses” from the BBC.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKxTq38Hd0c
5.- Make groups of four and choose a leader. Then, answer the following questions
about the video and write the answers in your notebook.
SIGHT
Why do some people need glasses? How do glasses improve vision?
What causes nearsightedness? How is it different from farsightedness?
How does corrective laser eye surgery work? How does it improve vision? What
risks are involved?
How do optical illusions work? How do they "fool" your brain?
How do red-and-blue "3D glasses" work?
HEARING
How do sounds reach the brain?
Why do some sounds have a low pitch, while others have a high pitch?
Why are animals such as dogs able to hear sounds that humans cannot?
When someone is "hard of hearing," what are some possible causes?
SMELL
Why do certain smells instantly evoke specific memories or feelings?
How are the senses of smell and taste related?
If you hold your nose while eating, how are tastes affected? Why?
TASTE
How do taste buds work? How does the tongue recognize different tastes, such as
the bitterness of a lemon or the sweetness of sugar?
Which taste cannot be detected by the tip of your tongue: bitter, sour, salty, or
sweet? Why?
TOUCH
How does your hand tell the difference between hot and cold surfaces?
How do blind people use braille to read?
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 12
6.- Describe what you can..
7.- Discuss your results with your partner.
8.- Read the information about the different senses and complete the text with the words
from the box
HEARING
Not all sounds are normally audible to all animals. Each species has a range of normal
hearing for both loudness (amplitude) and pitch (frequency). Many animals use
_________ to communicate with each other, and ________in these species is
particularly important for survival and reproduction. In species that use sound as a
primary means of_______________, hearing is typically most acute for the range of
pitches produced in calls and speech.
Frequencies capable of being heard by humans are called audio or sonic. The range is
typically considered to be between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Frequencies higher than audio
are referred to as____________, while frequencies below audio are referred to
as___________. Some bats use ultrasound for echolocation while in flight. Dogs are
able to hear ultrasound, which is the principle of 'silent' dog whistles. Snakes sense
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 13
infrasound through their bellies, and whales, giraffes, dolphins and elephants use it for
communication.
SIGHT
The visual system in humans and animals allows individuals to ____________
information from the environment. The act of seeing starts when the lens of the eye
focuses an image of its _____________ onto a light-sensitive membrane in the back of
the eye, called the retina. The retina is actually part of the brain that is isolated to serve
as a transducer for the _____________ of patterns of light into neuronal signals. The
lens of the eye focuses light on the photoreceptive cells of the retina, which detect the
photons of light and _____________ by producing neural impulses. These signals are
__________ in a hierarchical fashion by different parts of the brain, from the retina
upstream to central ganglia in the brain.
respond Assimilate surroundings conversion processed
TASTE
Taste is one of the traditional five senses. It refers to the ability to _________ the
flavour of substances such as food, certain minerals, poisons, etc.
Humans ____________ tastes through sensory organs called taste buds, or gustatory
calyculi, concentrated on the top of the tongue. Taste is sensed through taste cell, which
are known as taste buds. There are about 100,000 taste buds that are _________ on the
back and front of the tongue. Others are located on the roof, sides and back of the
mouth, and in the throat. The sensation of taste can be categorized into five basic tastes:
sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami. “Umami” is originally the Japanese word for
“meaty” or “savory”. Not surprisingly, it is characteristic of many oriental dishes.
The basic tastes ____________ only partially to the sensation and flavour of food in the
mouth. Other factors _____________ smell, detected by the olfactory epithelium of the
nose; texture, detected through a variety of mechanoreceptors, muscle nerves, etc.;
temperature, detected by thermoreceptors.
Detect contribute include receive located
TOUCH
The sensory receptors cover the skin and epithelia, skeletal muscles, bones and joints,
internal organs, and the cardiovascular system. While touch is ____________ one of the
five traditional senses, the impression of touch is __________ from several modalities.
In medicine, the colloquial term touch is usually ___________ with somatic senses to
better reflect the variety of mechanisms involved.
Sound hearing communication ultrasonic infrasonic
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 14
The system reacts to diverse stimuli using different receptors: thermoreceptors,
nociceptors, mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors.
formed Considered replaced
SMELL
Olfaction is the sense of smell. This __________ is mediated by specialized sensory
cells of the nasal cavity of vertebrates, and, by analogy, sensory cells of the antennae
of_______________ . Many _______________, including most mammals and reptiles,
have two distinct olfactory systems—the main olfactory system, and the accessory
olfactory system (used mainly to detect pheromones). Olfaction, along with ________,
is a form of chemoreception. The chemicals themselves that activate the olfactory
system, in general at very low__________________, are called odorants.
Concentrations taste sense vertebrates invertebrates
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 15
Role play about senses
Instructions:
Make 5 groups of 5 people.
Each group will perform a play about how we interact with our environment. These
environments will be:
o A football game
o A library
o A beach
o At home
o A party
You will have 10 minutes to act. You can be recorded in a video if you want to.
The rest of the groups will value your work, according to three items:
o Your creativity (it should be original and funny)
o The accuracy of your work
o The participation of the whole group
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 16
1.- Think about what you have learnt about stimulus and discuss with your partner the
following quiz.
Which of the following is NOT one of your senses?
A: sight
B: taste
C: laughing
D: touch
Which of the senses are you using when you are petting a puppy?
A: listening
B: touch
C: taste
Which sense are you using when you are in the movie theater watching a movie?
A: sight
B: hearing
C: touch
Fill in the blank. The brownies smell ________________ .
A: delicious
B: soft
C: rough
Choose the word in the sentence that describes one of the senses. I can hear a loud
airplane in the sky.
A: I
B: hear
C: airplane
D: in
This word can be used to describe the sense of hearing.
A: loud
B: pretty
C: furry
D: happy
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 17
When someone is blind, they do not have which sense?
A: hearing
B: smell
C: sight
D: touch
Which sense are you using when you are walking down a busy city street?
A: sight
B: smell
C: taste
D: touch
Which word might describe the sense of taste?
A: yummy
B: tall
C: hilarious
D: pitchy
Fill in the blank. The bunny feels ____________.
A: loud
B: delicious
C: soft
D: pretty
2.- Make a group of four, make up a story using the following words, and then make a
speech with it to the rest of the class
o Stimulus
o Sleep
o Temperature
o Pain
o Thirst
o Flavour
o Reaction
o Vision
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 18
TABLA DE AUTOEVALUACIÓN
SECUENCIAS DIDÁCTICAS SECUNDARIA
AFTER THIS UNIT….
I KNOW…
What a stimuli is YES NO NOT
YET
What a receptor is YES NO NOT
YET
How to explain the
concepts learnt
YES NO NOT
YET
how to summarize my
own ideas
YES NO NOT
YET
How to put our ideas
together
YES NO NOT
YET
YES NO NOT
YET
I CAN…
Distinguish between
different kind of stimuli YES NO
NOT
YET
Distinguish between
different kind of
receptors
YES NO NOT
YET
Explain what a receptor
is YES NO
NOT
YET
Play a role and perform it
to the rest of the class YES NO
NOT
YET
2º de ESO: Species' relationship in nature 19