Tesis Julio Vega

5/23/2018 Tesis Julio Vega

1/75

N I V E R S I D A D N A C I O N A L D E L C E N T R O D E LP E R

FACULTAD DE INGENIERA MECNICA

TESIS

PRESENTADO POR:

JULIO ENRIQUE VEGA ANGELES

Para optar el ttulo de Ingeniero Me!nio

"UANCA#O $ PER

%&'(

OPTIMIZACION DE LOS PROCESOS DE COMBUSTION

DEL HORNO PETROLERO 311 H 1, PARA MEJORAR SUEFICIENCIA, EN LA REFINERIA IQUITOS-PETROPERU


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ASESOR:

Ing. EDMUNDO MUICO CASAS

127


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DEDICATORIA

128


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CONTENIDO

ASESOR:.....................................................................................................127

DEDICATORIA............................................................................................128

CONTENIDO...............................................................................................129

RESUMEN...................................................................................................131

INTRODUCCIN.........................................................................................132

CAPITULO I

PLANTEAMIENTO DEL ESTUDIO..............................................................134

CAPITULO II

MARCO TEORICO.......................................................................................141

CAPITULO III

METODOLOGA...........................................................................................174

CAPITULO IV

PRESENTACIN DE RESULTADOS..........................................................184

Cap!"# 1:

DISCUSIN E INTERPRETACIN DE RESULTADOS.............................188

129


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CONCLUSIONES........................................................................................19$

RECOMENDACIONES...............................................................................197

%I%LIOGRA&IA............................................................................................198

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RESUMEN

E'( )a*a+# )('p#,-( a "a' p#"/a' 0 (,-(,/a' -( a#))# (,()/#

/#,'-()a,-# !,a 5!( (' p)(#/!pa/6, !,-a" (" /!-a-# -(" /#,'!# -(

"#' )(/!)'#' ,# )(,#a*"(' 0 "a /#,a,a/6, 5!( ('#' /a!'a,.

Pa)a "# /!a" '( a )(a"a-# !,a A!-#)a 0 !,a P)#p!('a pa)a "a

#pa/6, -( "#' p)#/('#' -( /#*!'6, -(" #),# p()#"()# 311 1 -(

"a )(;,()a I5!#'


7/75

INTRODUCCIN

E" )a*a+# -( ('' /## ('!-a,( (' p)#p#,() 0 /#,)*!) -( '

/#,#/(,#' a-5!)-#' (, "a ;a/!"a- -( I,(,()a M(/>,/a 0 a-(>'

-( "a' p)>//a' )(a"a-a' (, "a )(;,()a -( I5!#' ?P()#p()=.

P#) (" /#,(,# (,)( "a &a/!"a- -( I,(,()a M(/>,/a -( "a UNCP 0

P()#p()= ## p#) (" /!a" '( )(a"a, p)>//a' p)( p)#;('#,a"(' '( (,(

/#,#/(,# -( "a )("a/6, -( "#' p)#/('# 5!( )(a"a (, "a /#*!'6, -("

#),# p()#"()# 311 1 -( "a R(;,()a -( I5!#' P()#p()=. @ a*(,-#

)('a-# (, **"#)a;a ('p(/a"a-a 5!( a;)a: D(" #a" -( (,()a

!"a-a (, !,a )(;,()a "a pa)-a >' p#)a,( 8B a 9B -(" #a""'' -( "a a!-#)a (,()/a -(" #),# -a /## )(;()(,/a 5!( ("

p)#/('# -( /#*!'6, ,/-( (, "a #pa/6, -( "a (;/(,/a -(" #),#.

E'( )a*a+# -( ('' '( --( (, /,/# /ap!"#':

En ! C"#$%&!' 1 '( p)('(,a (" P"a,(a(,# -(" ('!-# -#,-( '( -a a

/#,#/() (" p)#*"(a -( ,('a/6, "#' #*+(#' p"a,(a-#' "a p6(''

-( "a ,('a/6, 0 "a -((),a/6, -( "a' a)a*"(' -( ('!-# /#, '!'

)('p(/a #p()a/#,a"a/6,.

En ! C"#$%&!' ( '( a*"a a/()/a -( "a' /#,'-()a/#,(' (,()a"(' -("

#),# 0 '! p)#/('# -( /#*!'6,.

En ! C"#$%&!' 3 '( -('a))#""a "a (#-#"#a 5!( '( !'# (, "a p)('(,(

,('a/6, ,-/a,-# (" p# 0 ,(" -( ,('a/6, (" -'(# -( "a

,('a/6, "a p#*"a/6, -( ('!-# "#' ,')!(,#' -( )(/#"(//6, -(

-a#' -'(# 0 a"-a/6, -( "#' '#' 0 (" p)#/(-(,# -( "a

,('a/6,.

En ! C"#$%&!' ) '( p)('(,a "#' )('!"a-#' #*(,-#' (, "a ,('a/6,

a-(>' -( "#' /!a-)#' /#pa)a#' /## ('a*a ;!,/#,a,-# (" #),# 0

5!( (+#)a' '( )(a"6 (, (" p)#/('# -( /#*!'6,.

En ! C"#$%&!' * S( )(a"a "a -'/!'6, ( ,()p)(a/6, -( )('!"a-#'

-a,-# a /#,#/() "a /#pa)a/6, -(" p)#/('# -( /#*!'6, a,(' 0

-('p!' -( p"a,(a) "a (+#)a (, "#' p)#/('#' -( /#*!'6, ;,a"a,-#

/#, "a' /#,/"!'#,(' 0 )(/#(,-a/#,(' -(" p)('(,( )a*a+#

133


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CAPITULO I

PLANTEAMIENTO DEL ESTUDIO

+.1 TEMA DE INESTIACIN

E" p)('(,( )a*a+# -( ,('a/6, *!'/a #pa/6, -(

p)#/('#' -( /#*!'6, -(" #),# p()#"()# 311 1 pa)a (+#)a) '!

(;/(,/a (, "a R(;,()a IFUITOS

*!'/a,-# p()a,(,((,( (" (+#)a(,# -( "#' p)#/('#' 0 (,

/#,'(/!(,/a "a #pa/6, -( '!' ,'a"a/#,(' -( !/a'

a,()a'. E, "a ,-!')a p()#"()a "#' #),#' '( /a)a/()a, p#) '()

(5!p#' ,(,'#' (, /#,'!# -( /#*!'*"( 5!( (""#' '#'

p)#-!/(,.

134


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La (a"!a/6, ''(>/a -('-( (" p!,# -( 'a (,()/# -(

"#' p)#/('#' -( (,()a/6, 0 -')*!/6, -( ap#) /#,'!0(, !,

pa'# p#)a,( (, (" "#)# -( a"a' (;/(,/a' (, (" a,>"'' -( ('#'

p)#/('#' (" *a"a,/( -( /a"#) (' "a ,;#)a/6, ;!,-a(,a" pa)a

ap)(/a) /#))(/a(,( "#' p!,#' -( (;/(,/a 0 a/!a) (, *a'( a ".

D('-( (" p!,# -( 'a (,()a" (, "a #p()a/6, 0

a,(,(,# '( -(*(, ap)#(/a) a" ># "#' *(,(;/#'

p#(,/a"(' 5!( "a (/,#"#a p!(-a #;)(/() a" #),# 'a/a,-# (,a+a

-( "a ;"(*"-a- 5!( ('a p()a ', '!p()a) (" !*)a" -( "a'

/#,-/#,(' -( -'(# p!('a' p#) "a ()#-,>/a -(" p)#/('# ("

p# -( /#*!'*"( "a (/,#"#a -( "#' 5!(a-#)(' (" ''(a -(

#,#)(# 0 /#,)#" -( "a /#*!'6, "a /#,;!)a/6, 0 ((,'6, -(

"#' !*#' "#' a()a"(' -( /#,')!//6, 0 "a' ,#)a' 5!( )(, "a

,-!')a p()#"()a

E, #-a a/-a- ,-!')a" '( a-#pa, ;#)a' 0 aa#'

-()'#' -(p(,-(,-# -( "#' ;a/#)(' a"(' /## -(a,-a -(

p)#-!/#' 'a';a//6, a" /"(,( "a -'p#,*"-a- -( #*(,() )(/!)'#'

;,a,/()#' 0 "a' p#'*"-a-(' -( #*(,/6, -( a()a p)a a"('

/## a()a"(' (,()a )(/!)'#' !a,#' (/. P#) ('# ,#'

(,/#,)a#' ;)(,( a !,a (p)('a 5!( -('a))#""a '!' a/-a-('

,-!')a"(' -( a/!()-# a "a -'p#,*"-a- -( '!' /#,-/#,('H >' a!,

(p)('a' "#*a"a-a' /#, a0#) '6, -( '!' a/-a-('

p)#-!/a'.

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+.3 PROBLEMA ENERAL

C6# #pa) "#' p)#/('#' -( /#*!'6, -(" #),# p()#"()# 311

1 pa)a (+#)a) '! (;/(,/a (, "a )(;,()a I5!#'< PETROPERUJ

+.) OBJETIO ENERAL

Opa) "#' p)#/('#' -( /#*!'6, -(" #),# p()#"()# 311 1

a)a,-# "a' /#,-/#,(' -( #p()a/6, pa)a (+#)a) '! (;/(,/a (, "a

)(;,()a IFUITOS


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R(a"a) !, -a,6'/# -(" /#,'!# (,()/# (, (" '(/#)

-)#/a)*!);()#.

Ip"((,a) "a' )(/#(,-a/#,(' -(" -a,6'/# 0 "a' (-a' -(

a#))# -( (,()a (, "a' ;a'(' -( p)#-!//6, )a,';#)a/6,

-')*!/6, 0 /#()/a"a/6, -( /#*!'*"('.

I,)#-!/) ''(a' -( /#(,()a/6, /#, (" ;, -( ("(a) "a (;/(,/a

(, (" !'# -( /#*!'*"(' p)a)#' )(-!/) "#' /#'#' (,()/#' 0

)(-!/) (" pa/# a*(,a" (, a5!(""a' ,'a"a/#,(' /#, /#,'!#'

p#)a,(' -( ("(/)/-a- 0 /a"#).

D('a))#""a) !, p)#)aa -( a#))# -( (,()a (, /##)-,a/6, /#,

"#' (,(' )('p#,'a*"(' -(" '(/#): M,'()# -( E,()a 0 M,a'

MEM PETROPERU COMPAAS PETROLERAS (/. C#, "#'

('!-#' )(a"a-#' p#) (" M,'()# -( E,()a 0 M,a' (" '(/#) -(

a0#) /#,'!# (,()/# (' (" pa)5!( a!###) (" '# 5!( '(

a '# ,/)((,a-# (, "#' ="#' a#' 0 /#, (""# "a -(a,-a -(

/#*!'*"('. D(a,-a 5!( ,# 'a';a/(, "a' )(;,()a' -(" ('a-#

a/(,-# 5!( "a p#)a/6, -( /#*!'*"(' '(a !, )!*)# -( -;/

#*"a#)# pa)a (" ('a-# P()!a,#.

P#) ('# "a R(;,()a -( I5!#' -('(#'a -( #;)(/() (+#)(' '()/#' 0

'() >' /#p(a a #')a-# ,()' (, )(a"a) a!-#)a'

(,()/a' (, '!' ,'a"a/#,(' /#, (" ;, -( (+#)a) '! (;/(,/a (,

(" /#,'!# -( (,()a -(,)# -( '!' p)#/('#' p)#-!/#'.

+.*.1 LOROS ALCANZADOS

137


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Opa) "#' p)#/('#' -( /#*!'6, -(" #),# p()#"()# 311 1 "

/!a" '( /#,'!6 a)a,-# "a' /#,-/#,(' -( #p()a/6, -(" #),#

/#, "# /!a" '( (+#)# '! (;/(,/a.

+.*.( BENEFICIOS

C#, "a #pa/6, -( "#' p)#/('#' -( /#*!'6, -(" #),#

p()#"()# 311 1 (-a,( "a a)a/6, -( "a' /#,-/#,(' -(

#p()a/6, '( "#)a a!(,a) "a (;/(,/a "# /!a" ;a/"a "a

#pa/6, -(" ;!,/#,a(,# -( #),# -a "a )(;,()a.

+.*.3 ALCANCES

E" p)('(,( )a*a+# /#p)(,-( "a #pa/6, -(" #),#

p()#"()# -( "a )(;,()a I5!#' PETROPERU 5!( a*, '(

/#,'-()a (" /#,'!# "a /a)a /)!-a (" p()6"(# /#,'!-# (" ap#)

(-# a-(>' -( "#' a'(' (, "a /(,(a 0 p#) !"# '!

(;/(,/a.

+.*.) LIMITACIONES

E" ('!-# '( (,;#/a a "a' /#,-/#,(' -( #p()a/6, -( #),#

p()#"()# /#, 5!( /!(,a "a )(;,()a I5!#' PETROPERU /## #-#

)a*a+# -( ,('a/6, '( !# "a/#,(' (, -a#' 5!( '#,

/#,'-()a-#' (')a/#' pa)a "a (p)('a p()# ,# ;!( !,a "a,(

p#)5!( '( ap)#(/6 -( #)a' a"(),aa' pa)a /!",a)

'a';a/#)a(,( (" )a*a+# -( ,('a/6,.

+.5 HIPTESIS

138


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A" #pa) "a' /#,-/#,(' -( #p()a/6, -( "#' p)#/('#' -(

/#*!'6, (, (" #),# p()#"()# 311 1 '( (+#)a)> '! (;/(,/a (,

"a )(;,()a IFUITOSp-a /#*,a/6,5!/a (,)( !,p#)a-#) -( (,()a/#*!'*"( 5!/a 0!, #-a,(/#*!)(,((,/a)a-a -( "*()a)"a(, ;#)a -( "! 0 /a"#).

La #pa/6, -("p)#/('# -( /#*!'6,

'( (-)> (, "a/#*,a/6, 5!/a6pa.

M(+#)a (, '!(;/(,/a.

La (;/(,/a -( !,#),# (' (" p#)/(,a+(

-(" /a"#) "*()a-# (, "a""aa 5!( (' a*'#)*-#p#) (" ;"!-# /a"(,a-#.

La (;/(,/a '( (-)>(, (,#' p)--a' -(

/a"#).

&!(,(: ("a*#)a/6, p)#pa.

TABLA 1.1: O#"0'n"!09"07n ; "0"!2

139


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C#, "a ;,a"-a- -( /#p"(a) "a /#p)(,'6, -( "a p6('' 0 -( '!'

a)a*"(' (, "a a*"a 1.2 '( ,/"!0( !,a ',#p'' -( "a' a)a*"(' 5!(

-('/)*( "a a)a*"( (" ,-/a-#) (" ,')!(,# 0 "a ;!(,( -( -#,-( '(

#a)> "a ,;#)a/6,.

T"!" 1.(: S0n'#202 ; !"2 "0"!2

"0"!2 In;0";' In2%&8n%' F&n%

Opa) "a'/#,-/#,('-( "#'

p)#/('#' -(/#*!'6,

Combustible +O2+QSC=H2O+CO2+QC

D6,-(:

QSC: calor sensibledel combustible,

QC: Calor decombustin

Da#' -( "#',')!(,#' -(

(--aR(')# -( Da#'

P();#)a,/(

-(" #),#p()#"()#

M(+#)a (, '!(;/(,/a.

*E (%) = (Qsr Qsc) ! "c #$C & '

D6,-(:

Qsc = calorsensible del

combustible, cal!#Qsr = calor sensibledel "luido ue salede la ona radiante,cal!#

"c = "lu-o decombustible, .!#

PCI = Podercalorfico inferior,kcal/kg

R(')# -( -a#''6)/#'

R(')# -( -a#'A/!a"('

P();#)a,/(-(" #),#p()#"()#

&!(,(: ("a*#)a/6, p)#pa.

140


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CAPITULO II

MARCO TEORICO

+.= ANTECEDENTES

141


17/75

S(=, Caa) 2BB7 (, '! T('' A!-#)a 0 P)#p!('a -( !, p"a, -(

A#))# E,()/# (, (" #),# P1 3BB189 -( "a p"a,a PARSONS

-( "a )(;,()a La L*()a- '(a"a 5!( ('( )a*a+# )('p#,-( a "a'

p#"/a' 0 (,-(,/a' -( a#))# (,()/# -(;,-a' p#) (" pa' #-a

( 5!( (' p)(#/!pa/6, !,-a" (" /!-a-# -(" /#,'!# -( "#'

)(/!)'#' ,# )(,#a*"(' 0 "a /#,a,a/6, 5!( ('#' /a!'a,. P#) "#

(,/#,a-# '( a )(a"a-# !,a A!-#)a 0 P)#p!('a -( !, P"a,

A#))# E,()/# (, (" #),# P


18/75

D(*-# a 5!( G!a(a"a ,# (' !, pa' (, -#,-( "a' )(;,()a'

p)#-!/a, (, )a,-(' /a,-a-(' p)#-!/#' p()#"()#' (' ,(/('a)a "a

p#)a/6, -( '#' -( #)#' pa'(' (,/#,)>,-#'( (, G!a(a"a

!,a )a, /a,-a- -( (),a"(' # p"a,a' -( a"a/(,a(,# -( ('#'

p)#-!/#' "#' /!a"(' '#, a"a/(,a-#' (, a,5!(' a#';)/#'

()/a"(' (,(,-# '#' a,5!(' /## ;!,/6, p),/pa" ("

a"a/(,a(,# -( )a,-(' /a,-a-(' -( p)#-!/#' p()#"()#'.

S( -('/)*(, a*, "#' p#' -( a,5!(' a#';)/#' ()/a"(' 5!(

'( !"a, (, "a' (),a"(' ('(,(' (, G!a(a"a /## "# '#, "#'

a,5!(' a#';)/#' ()/a"(' -( (/# ;+# -( (/# ;"#a,( ((),#

0 -( (/# ;"#a,( ,(),#.

Ta*, '( a/( !,a -('/)p/6, -( "a' (--a' -( '(!)-a-

,-!')a" 5!( '( -(*(, #a) (, "a' (),a"(' # p"a,a' -(

a"a/(,a(,# -( p)#-!/#' p()#"()#' -(*-# a 5!( a0 5!( #a)

(, /!(,a 5!( '( ('a a,(+a,-# !, p)#-!/# 5!( (' ,;"aa*"( 0

p!(-( p#,()'( (, )('# "a -a ' ,# '( !"a (" /#))(/# (5!p# -(

p)#(//6, p()'#,a" a" !a" '( a/( (,/6, -(" p(")# 5!( p)('(,a

"a (,()a/6, -( /#))(,( ('>/a "a' -',a' >)(a' 5!( -(*(, (,()

"a' (),a"(' # p"a,a' -( a"a/(,a(,# '(=, "a L(0 -(

C#()/a"a/6, -( -)#/a)*!)#' 0 '! R("a(,#. &,a"(,( '(

p)#/(-( a -('a))#""a) "a (p"/a/6, -( "a' /,/a' /#))(/a' -(

(-/6, -( p)#-!/# p()#"()# a"a/(,a-# (, !, a,5!( a#';)/#

()/a" *a'a-a' (, "a' ,#)a'

143


19/75

+.> BASES TERICAS

CALENTADOR POR COMBUSTION.

?"!"2 S. M. @CHEMICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT, SELECTION AND

DESIN, ;40n & &n CALENTADOR POR COMBUSTIO U

HORNO(' !, ,()/a*a-#) -( /a"#) (, (" 5!( (" ;"!-# -( p)#/('#

;"!0( -(,)# -( !*#' 0 '( /a"(,a p#) )a-a/6, p)#/(-(,( -( !,a

""aa -( /#*!'6, 0 p#) /#,(//6, -('-( "#' a'(' /a"(,(' -(

('a.

D00; "! 'n' n %2 #"%2:

S(//6, RADIANTE:-#,-( "#' !*#' ('>, (, p)('(,/a -( "a ""aa.

E, ('a pa)( "a )a,''6, -( /a"#) (' p#) )a-a/6, (, !, 8B ap)#

0 !, 2B p#) /#,(//6, -( "a /)/!"a/6, -( a'(' /a"(,('

a")(-(-#) -( "#' !*#'.

S(//6, -( CONECCION:L#' !*#' ('>, ;!()a -(" a"/a,/( -( "a

""aa. L#' a'(' /a"(,( '( -)(//#,a, a )a' -(" pa5!(( -( !*#'.

E" /a"#) )a,'-# (' p#) )a-a/6, -(" CO2 0 2O (, "#' a'('

/a"(,(' a-(>' -(" /a"#) p#) /#,(//6,. L#' !*#' ('>, (5!pa-#'

/#, a"(a' pa)a (+#)a) "a' /#,-/#,(' -( )a,''6, -( /a"#).

S(//6, -( BLINDAJESIELD La' p)()a' ;"a' -( !*#' -(" >)(a

-( /#,(//6, '#, "a #,a -( COFUE SOC (, (""a "#' !*#' ,#

(,(, a"(a' )(/*(, "a 'a /a,-a- -( /a"#) p#) a*#'

(/a,'#'.

144


20/75

A;8


21/75

&. 1.1 #),# p# /a+a

T&'2 '09'n%"!2. C"!n%"80n%' 208#!

L#' !*#' ('>, #,a-#' #)#,a"(,( (, "a pa)(- "a()a" >'

"a)a (, !,a /apa 'p"(. S( p!(-(, #,a) a)a' '()(' -( !*#' (,

pa)a"("# (, ;!,/6, -(" /a!-a". S( /#"#/a, a !,a -'a,/a -( "a pa)(-

-( 1$ (/(' (" ->()# -( !*()a

T&'2 '09'n%"!2. C"!n%"80n%' ;'!

E, ('( /a'# ('>, "#' !*#' #,a-#' (, (" /(,)# /#"a-#' '#*)(

'#p#)('.

T&'2 %0"!2. C"!n%"80n%' ;'!

146


22/75

L#' !*#' '( /#"#/a, ()/a"(,( (, (" /(,)# -(" #),#.

Ca"(,>,-#'( "a()a"(,(.

TIPO CILNDRICO ERTICAL.

C#,''(, (, !, /a'/# /",-)/# a'"a-# /#"#/a-# ()/a"(,( /#,

p'# a'"a,( 0 (/# (,()a"(,( p"a,#. L#' 5!(a-#)(' '( '=a,

(, (" '!("#. L#' !*#' '( '=a, ()/a"(,( /#, ;"!+# a'/(,-(,(()#' 5!( -(*(, ;+a)'( -( a,(a,# 0 -(p(,-(,

-( "a' p)(;()(,/a' -(" -'(a-#) # -( "a p#"/a -( "a (p)('a. C##

)("a (,()a"(' '#,:

" T0#' ; &n0;";.A a0#) )a,';()(,/a -( /a"#) a0#) (,-(,/a a

!"a) #),#' p# /a+a. E" !'# -( /a"(,a(,# -#*"( # 'p"(

-(p(,-( -(" )a-# -( /#,)#" ,(/('a)#.

T0#' ; C'8&2%0!.D(p(,-( -( "a -'p#,*"-a- 0 /#'(.

P'n%"/ ; G2' ; "0.D(p(,-( -(" p# -( /#*!'*"( 0

-(" -'(# -(" 5!(a-#). A (,#) p#)/(,a+( -( (/('# (+#)

(;/(,/a -(" #),#. Va"#)(' -( )(;()(,/a '#, -( 2$ a 3B -( (/('#

-( a)(.

; F!&/' ; ng$" ";0"n%.S( -(;,( /## "a )("a/6, (,)( (" /a"#)

(,()a-# 0 (" >)(a -( "#' !*#' )a-a,(' p#) !,-a- -( (p#. A

a0#) ;"!+# a0#) (' "a -;()(,/a -( (p()a!)a' (,)( (" ;"!-# 0 "a

'!p();/( -(" !*#. S (" /#(;/(,( -( )a,''6, -( /a"#) -(,)# -(

!*# (' *!(,# a0#) p!(-( '() (" ;"!+# -( (,()a )a-a,(.

Va"#)(' p/#' -( ;"!+#' -( (,()a )a-a,( '#,:

S00' F!&/' ; Eng$" R";0"n%, B%&-4%(

D('"a/6, -( /)!-# 1B.BBB


24/75

N8' ; 40!"2 ; %&'2 ; '&.L#' !*#' -( /#5!( '(

!"a, pa)a )(-!/) (" ;"!+# -( /a"#) (, "a' /apa' ,;()#)(' -( "a

'(//6, -( /#,(//6,. S#, !*#' ', a"(a' 0 '!("( '() !,a # -#'

/apa'.

4 E400n0" ;! 'n'. La (;/(,/a -( !, #),# (' (" p#)/(,a+( -("

/a"#) "*()a-# (, "a ""aa 5!( (' a*'#)*-# p#) (" ;"!-# /a"(,a-#.

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p)--a' -( /a"#) (, "a' pa)(-(' -(" #),# !, 2 (' a"#) a/(pa*"(

(, (" -'(# 0 "a' p()--a' (, "#' a'(' p)#-!/-#'. La (p()a!)a

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BALANCE DE ENERA EN HORNOS

M"n&"! ; O#"0'n2 PETROPERU (++5 @HORNOS EN LA

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(/("(,( ())a(,a -( -a,6'/# p()( /!a,;/a) "a (,()a

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*a'( pa)a:

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INDUSTRIA PETROLERA,-(;,( 5!( "a /#*!'6, (' !,a ;#)a

pa)/!"a) -( #-a/6, -#,-( '!/(-( "a )>p-a /#*,a/6, 5!/a -(

-#' '!'a,/a' !,a (, /#,-/6, -( /#*!'*"( p#)a-#) -(

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#-a,( (,/a)a-a -( "*()a)"a (, ;#)a -( "! 0 /a"#).

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pa)/a"(,( pa)a -a) #)(, a ,!(#' p)#-!/#' a )a' -(

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(/(-(,( )/# #*(,-# a" #-;/a) "a (')!/!)a -( "a' #"/!"a'

(,)( "#' )(a/#' 0 p)#-!/#'.

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p#'*"( '! -('a))#""#.

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(, "a /#*!'6, "#)a,-# "a #-a/6, -(" /#*!'*"(. E" #(,#

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pa)) -(" a)(.

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,a!)a" # ,(,/#,a"(,( pa)a ,/a) (" p)#/('# -( /#*!'6, 5!(

p!(-( '() !,a /'pa ("/)/a /a"#) # a"=, (;(/# -( /#5!( #

/#p)('6, /apa -( ""(a) !,a ;)a//6, p(5!(a -( (/"a a !,a

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-(#,a,( pa)a (" (,/(,--#.

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T8#"%&" ; 0n4!"8"07n

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(/"a p#(,/a"(,( ,;"aa*"(H p)#p#)/#,(' p(5!(a' #

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-( (,/(,--# a /a-a ,!(a p#)/6, -( /#*!'*"( 5!( aa '!

,)('# a" 5!(a-#).

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p)#-!/-# (, "a /#*!'6,.

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2. S(/a-()#' a*, -(,#,a-#' ('!;a' -( '(/a-# /!a,-# ("

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pa)(/(, ;#)a) pa)( -( !, "(,!a+( a, /#=, 5!( '( a !("#

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5!( '( p)('a, pa)a ="p"(' ,()p)(a/#,('. La ;a"a -( !,a

-(;,/6, =,/a -( /a-a /)()# p!(-( /#,)*!) a /#,;!'#,(' a"#'

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E40"0"

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',;/a )!- a/-a- ;!()a 0 p#-() pa)a #*)a).

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ap"/a a "a' /#'a' # p()'#,a' 5!( p!(-(, p)#-!/) (" (;(/# # p)('a)

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45/75

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170


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(;/(,( ' '( /!p"( (, (" (,#) (p# p#'*"(.

Eficiencia tcnica ! eficiencia econ"mica

Pa)a ap#)a) a !,a a0#) /"a)-a- -( (),#"#a /#,(,(

-;()(,/a) "a (;/(,/a /,/a 0 "a (;/(,/a (/#,6/a. La (;/(,/a

/,/a (a,a "a )("a/6, (,)( (" p)#-!/# # )('!"a-# (,()a-# 0

"a /a,-a- -( !, -((),a-# ,'!# !"a-# (, '! (,()a/6,.

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171


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a/!,a-#' p#) #)a


48/75

La (;/(,/a /,/a (-)a (" pa/# 5!( (,( /a-a p)#p!('a

'#*)( (" ;)a/a'# ('/#"a) 0 (" !'# -(" ,'!# )("(a,( (p# -("

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-( "#' !#)a"(' /#p!a)a-#' (, (" !'# -( (p# -(

/#p!a-#)a' 0 (#' p()# !0 -(a,-a,( (,#' (;/(,( (, ("

!'# -(" (p# -(" a(')#. E" !'# -( !,-a-(' ;'/a' -( "#' ,'!#'

pa)a "a (p)('6, -( (;/(,/a ,#' "a "a /apa/-a- -( /#,/"!) /!>"

p)#/('# (' (, ),#' (,()a"(' >' (;/(,(.

(.1+.( D40n00'n2 '#"0'n"!2

E" p)('(,( )a*a+# -( ,('a/6, '( /#p#,( -( !,a

a)a*"( -(p(,-(,( 5!( (' "a E;/(,/a -(" #),# 0 "a

a)a*"( ,-(p(,-(,( #pa/6, -(" p)#/('# -(

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173


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CAPITULO III

METODOLOA

+.1 INTRODUCCIN

La (#-#"#a -( "a ('' (' "a D('/)p/6, (p"/a/6, 0

+!';/a/6, -( "#' #-#' ap"a, 19Y4. E" p)('(,( /ap!"#

-('/)*( "a (#-#"#a 5!( '( !"6 pa)a "a )(/#"(//6,

p)#/('a(,# a,>"'' ( ,()p)(a/6, -( "a ,;#)a/6, 0 "#' -a#'

,!)/#' (, (" -('a))#""# -( ('( ('!-#.

+.( TIPO NIEL DE INESTIACION

174


50/75

E" p# -( ,('a/6, 5!( '( ""(a)> a/a*# '()> -( %0#'

%n'!7g0" 0a 5!( (,( /## p)#p6'# ap"/a) (" /#,#/(,#

/(,;/# pa)a '#"!/#,a) "#' -;()(,(' p)#*"(a' 5!( *(,(;/(, a "a

'#/(-a- 0 -( !, n0! "#!0"%0',0a 5!( /#, ('( )a*a+# *!'/a#'

ap"/a) "#' )('!"a-#' -( "a ,('a/6, (p()(,a" (, -'(a)

(/,#"#a' -( ap"/a/6, ,(-aa pa)a "a '#"!/6, -( p)#*"(a'.

+.(.1 INESTIACIN CORRELACIONAL

E' -( /a)>/() /#))("a/#,a" -(*-# a 5!( (,( "a ;,a"-a- -(

/#,#/() "a )("a/6, # )a-# -( a'#/a/6, 5!( ('(, (, ,!(')a'

a)a*"(' (, ('!-#. Pa)a (a"!a) (" )a-# -( )("a/6, -( ,!(')a'

a)a*"(' p)()a(,( (-)(#' 0 )(/#()(#' ,;#)a/6, -(

,!(')a' a)a*"(' VD: I,/)((,# -( "a P)#-!/-a- 0 VI:

Opa/6, -( "#' /#'#' -( #p()a/6, 0 a,(,(,# 5!(

p)('!,a(,( -(/#' 5!( ('>, )("a/#,a-a'.

P#'()#) a (""# "a' /!a,;/a)(#' 0 a,a"a)(#' '!

,/!"a/6, a" /#))("a/6, "a '!'(,a)(#' (, !,a p6(''

'#(-a a p)!(*a.

+.3 DISEO DE LA INESTIACIN

175


51/75

Pa)a "a '("(//6, -(" -'(# -( ,('a/6, ( *a' (, "a

p#"#a -( C"8#!! S%"n! 1>55 '(=, (" /#,/(p# -( "#'

'#' "a ,('a/6, a )(a"a) /#))('p#,-( a !, D02Y' P

G#08n%"! 'n &n 2'!' g' -a-# 5!( a" =,/# )!p# "( ap"/a)(

!,a p)!(*a p)(a a" )aa(,# (p()(,a" E;/(,/a -(" #),#

a,(' -(" )aa(,# p#'()#) a (""# "( a-,')a) (" )aa(,#

(p()(,a" P)#/('# -( /#*!'6, -(" #),# pa)a ;,a"(,(

ap"/a)"( !,a p)!(*a p#'()#) a" )aa(,# E;/(,/a -(" #),#

-('p!' -(" )aa(,#

E" -'(# '( -a)aa -( "a '!(,( a,()a:

D6,-(:

: E;/(,/a A/!a"

Q : E;/(,/a E'p()a-a

O1 : Ca"/!"# a/!a" -( "a E;/(,/a

O2 : N!(# />"/!"# -( "a E;/(,/a

+.) POBLACIN MUESTRA DE LA INESTIACIN

176


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Pa)a (;(/#' -(" p)('(,( ('!-# '( /#,'-()a)>, "a'

-(;,/#,(' -( p#*"a/6, 0 !(')a ('a*"(/-a' p#) ?EIERS1989

(" /!a" a;)a 5!( "a p#*"a/6, @E2 ! %'%"! ; !8n%'2 2' !

&"! &8'2 " &n" 0n4n0" "2


53/75

F0"2 ; T""/' /#, "a a0!-a -( ('( ,')!(,# p#-)(#'

#)-(,a) 0 /"a';/a) "#' -a#' /#,'!"a-#' "a' ;/a' a !'a) (, "a

,('a/6, '()>,: &/a %*"#)>;/a 0 "a ;/a -( T)a'/)p/6, #

(!a". C#, a0!-a -( ('a' ;/a' p#-)(#' )(/#"(/a) "#' -a#'

-( "#' /#'#' '6)/#' -( #p()a/6, -( #),# a*, p#-)(#'

)(/#"(/a) -a#' # ,;#)a/6, -( "#' a,!a"(' 0 /a>"##'

'!,')a-#' p#) "#' p)#((-#)(' "a )('6, -( (#' -(

/#,'!"a ,;#)(' 0 a"!,a' ,#)a' p()!a,a' /#, (" ;, -(

/#p"((,a) "#' ;!,-a(,#' (6)/#' -( "a p)('(,(

,('a/6,.

F0"2 ; O2"07n '/"2 ; g02%'2 /#, a0!-a -( ('(

,')!(,# p#-)(#' )(')a) #-# "# 5!( #/!))( (, !,a

'!a/6, )(a" /"a';/a,-# 0 /#,',a,-# "#' a/#,(/(,#'

p(),(,(' -( a/!()-# /#, a"=, ('5!(a p)('# 0 '(=, ("

p)#*"(a 5!( '( ('!-a /#, ('( p# -( ,')!(,#

)(/#"(/a)(#' "#' -a#' -(" ('!-# -( (p# 5!( '( )(a"a)a (,

/ap#.

+.* OPERATIIZACIN DE ARIABLES

T"!" 3.(: O#"0'n"!09"07n ; !" "0"! ;#n;0n%

"0"! D#n;0n%: E;/(,/a -(" #),#

D40n007n

'n#%&"!D08n207n In;0";'

La (;/(,/a -( !,

#),# (' ("

E;/(,/a -("

P)#/('# (,

*E (%) = (Qsr Qsc) ! "c #$C & '((

D6,-(:

178


54/75

p#)/(,a+( -("

/a"#) "*()a-# (, "a

""aa 5!( ('

a*'#)*-# p#) ("

;"!-# /a"(,a-#.

Qsc = calor sensible del combustible,

cal!#

Qsr = calor sensible del "luido ue sale de

la ona radiante, cal!#

"c = "lu-o de combustible, .!#

$C = $oder calor/"ico in"erior, cal!.#

&!(,(: #+a -( )(')# #+a -( /(/ "' #+a -( ,'p(//6, -(" (5!p#

T"!" 3.3: O#"0'n"!09"07n ; !" "0"! 0n;#n;0n%

"0"! In;#n;0n%:P)#/('# -( /#*!'6,

D40n007n 'n#%&"! D08n207n In;0";'

E' !,a ;#)a -(

#-a/6, -#,-( '!/(-(

"a )>p-a /#*,a/6,

5!/a (,)( !,

p#)a-#) -( (,()a

/#*!'*"( 5!/a 0

!, #-a,(

/#*!)(,((,/a)a-a -( "*()a)"a (,

;#)a -( "! 0 /a"#).

C#*!'6,

T)/a

Combustible + O2+QSC= H2O+CO2+QC

D6,-(:

QSC: calor sensible del combustible,

QC: Calor de combustin

&!(,(: E"a*#)a/6, p)#pa

179


55/75

+.5 DISEO INSTRUMENTOS DE RECOLECCION DE DATOS

A,(' -( -'(a) "#' ,')!(,#' -( )(/#"(//6, -( -a#'

-(;,)(#' a "#' '!+(#' a 5!(,(' '( "(' ap"/a)> "#' ,')!(,#'.

La !,-a- a (-) (, "a a)a*"( ,-(p(,-(,( "#' p)#/('#' -(

/#*!'6, -(" #),# p()#"()# 311 1 "#' /!a"(' '( /#,'(!)>, /#,

"a ,;#)a/6, p)#p#)/#,a-a R(;,()a I5!#' P()#p()=.

La !,-a- 5!( ;!( (--a (' "a a)a*"( -(p(,-(,( 5!( (' "a

(+#)a -( "a (;/(,/a -(" #),#.

+.5.1 INSTRUMENTOS DE ANLISIS DOCUMENTAL

Pa)a #*(,() (" a)/# (6)/# 0 "#' -a#' -( "#' p)#/('#' -(

/#*!'6, 0 p#-() #*'()a) "a (;/(,/a -(" #),# '( a !"a-#

-#' p#' -( ;/a' "a ;/a **"#)>;/a 0 "a ;/a -( )a'/)p/6, #

(!a" "a' /!a"(' '#, a" /## '( !(')a, (, "a' '!(,(' ;!)a'.

&IGURA 3.1: &/a %*"#)>;/a

180

AUTOR

TITULO @ SU%TITULO

EDICIN

LUGAR DE EDICIN

EDITORIAL

AO DE EDICIN NZ PAGINAS

LOCALIKACIN DE LA O%RA


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181


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&IGURA 3.2: &/a -( T)a,'/)p/6, # T(!a"

+.6 ALIDACIN DE LOS INSTRUMENTOS

La a"-( -( "#' ,')!(,#' '( )(;()( a" )a-# (, 5!( !,

,')!(,# )(a"(,( -( "a a)a*"( 5!( p)((,-( (-) pa)a

,!(')a ,('a/6, 5!()(#' (-) "#' p)#/('#' -( /#*!'6, -("#),# -( "a )(;,()a I5!#' 0 p#-() #*'()a) "#' /a*#' (, '!

(;/(,/a.

Pa)a (" ('!-# -( (p#' '( !"6 #+a' -( )(')#' /#, "a

;,a"-a- -( #*(,() ,;#)a/6, p)(/'a -( "#' p)#/('#' -( /#*!'6,

(, (" #),# ('( ,')!(,# ;!( a"-a-# p#) "a p)#pa )(;,()a -(P()#p()=.

+.= PROCEDIMIENTO DE LA INESTIACIN

182

AUTOR PAGINAS

TITULO @ SU%TITULO


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INICIOTITULO

PLANTEAMIENTO DEL ESTUDIOTEMA DE INVESTIGACIN

PRO%LEMA DE INVESTIGACIONPRO%LEMA GENERAL

O%ETIVO GENERALUSTI&ICACIN

IPOTESISMARCO TEORICO%ASES TEORICAS

METODOLOGIATIPO @ NIVEL DE INVESTIGACIN

DISEO DE LA INVESTIGACINPO%LACIN @ MUESTRA DE LA INVESTIGACIN

OPERATIVIKACIN DE VARIA%LES

RESULTADOS DE LA INVESTIGACINANALISIS ESTADISTICO DE LOS RESULTADOSPRUE%A DE IPOTESIS

INTERPRETACIN DE LOS RESULTADOSCOMPARACIN DE RESULTADOS

EVALUACIN DE RESULTADOSCONSECUENCIAS TEORICASAPLICACIONES PRACTICAS

CONCLUCIONESRECOMENDACIONES

FIN

TA%LA 3.4: P)#/(-(,# -( "a ,('a/6,

&!(,(: E"a*#)a/6, p)#pa

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CAPITULO I

PRESENTACIN DE RESULTADOS

).1 ANALISIS DEL BALANCE ENERETICO

P#) "#' -a#' #*(,-#' a)((' -( "#' ,;#)(' p)('(,a-#' 0 "#'

/>"/!"#' )(a"a-#' (, (" '# '( p!(-( -((),a) "a )("a/6, -(

(,()a -(" #),# 311


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D( ('# '( -(-!/( 5!( "a (,()a =" (' -(" $8.87 -(*-# a a)#'

;a/#)(' 5!( '( ('!-a)a, a /#,,!a/6,:

).1.1. P[RDIDAS POR SOBRE-CARA.

S( -(*( /#,'-()a) (" ,(" -( /a)a (, )("a/6, /#, "a a)a/6,

-(" )(,-(,# -( !, #),# (' ap)(/a*"(. D(*-# a 5!( a"

)a*a+a) /#, !,a /a)a '!p()#) a "a -( -'(# '( p)('(,a)a,

!,a '()( -( p)#*"(a' a"(' /##:

a M>' /#,'!# -( /#*!'*"(.

* D('a'( -( "a' *#5!""a' a#a-#)a'.

/ P)#*"(a' (, (" /#,# -( "a ""aa.

- Ipa/# -( "a ""aa /#,)a "#' !*#'.

( A!(,# -(" (/('# -( a)( pa)a /#,)#"a) "a ;#)a -( "a ""aa

0 (a) (" pa/# /#,)a "#' !*#'.

; D(()#)# (, (" a'"a(,#.

185


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L#' '#' /a!'a, !, a"# p#)/(,a+( -( p)--a (,()/a 0

)('p#,-(, a" *a+# )(,-(,# -(" #),#.

E" #),# P


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)(-(-#) -( 2212B3.B83

187


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C"#$%&!' 1:

DISCUSIN E INTERPRETACIN DE RESULTADOS

1.1 INTERPRETACIN DE LOS RESULTADOS

E, "a a*"a $.1 '( !(')a "a p)#-!/-a- -( "a ;"#a -(

'/##p)a' a,(' 0 -('p!' -( "a #pa/6, -( "#' /#'#' -(

#p()a/6, 0 a,(,(,# a,(' 0 -('p!' -( ap"/a) ("

)aa(,# (p()(,a" -(" /!a" '( p!(-( #*'()a) 5!( a,(' -(

"a #pa/6, "a p)#-!/-a- p)#(-# -( "a ;"#a p#) )a'p#)a)

!,a #,("a-a -( ,()a" ()a -( 1.48B USc#, 0 -('p!' -(

ap"/a) (" )aa(,# (p()(,a" (' -( 1.B41 USc#,

,()p)(a,-# 5!( -('p!' -( ap"/a)"( (" )aa(,# (p()(,a"

a "a ;"#a -( '/##p)a' "( /!('a (,#' )a,'p#)a) !,a #,("a-a

-( ,()a".

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E, "a p)!(*a -( p6('' '( a a"-a-# "a ()-a- -( "a p6(''

-( ,('a/6, pa)a "#' ,("(' -( ',;/a,/a -( B.B$ 0 B.B1 (,

/#,'(/!(,/a ' #pa#' "#' /#'#' -( #p()a/6, 0

a,(,(,# p#) (-# -( !, R(;"#a(,# -( Ma5!,a)a '(

"#)a ,/)((,a) "a p)#-!/-a- -( "a ;"#a a/!a" -( '/##p)a'

-( "a ,()a V#"/a, !,-a- T/"#.

1.( COMPARACIN DE RESULTADOS

E, "a '!(,( a*"a '( p)('(,a "#' -a#' -( "a p)#-!/-a-

#*(,-#' a,(' 0 -('p!' -( "a #pa/6, -( "#' /#'#' -(

#p()a/6, 0 a,(,(,# -( "a ;"#a -( '/##p)a'.

COMPARACIN DE RESULTADOS

I%8 C7;0g'FLOTA ACTUAL FLOTA REPOTENCIADA

M"" M';!' P';&% M"" M';!' P';&%B1 SC < B1 Ta)#/ EC 13B 13$ A"a' C#p/# ST 71B B937B2 SC < B2 Sa,- EC 14$ 13$ A"a' C#p/# ST 71B B937B3 SC < B3 A"a' C#p/# ST 71B 13Y A"a' C#p/# ST 71B B937B4 SC < B4 A"a' C#p/# ST 71B 134 A"a' C#p/# ST 71B B937B$ SC < B$ ^a,() ST YC 1$$ A"a' C#p/# ST 1B3B 11B1BY SC < BY Sa,- T#)# 7 1$B A"a' C#p/# ST 1B3B 11B1B7 SC < B7 Caa)p""a) R1YBBG 1$$ A"a' C#p/# ST 1B3B 11B1B8 SC < B8 A"a' C#p/# ST 1B2B 1Y$ A"a' C#p/# ST 1B3B 11B1B9 SC < B9 A"a' C#p/# ST 1B2B 1$$ A"a' C#p/# ST 1B3B 11B11B SC < 1B A"a' C#p/# ST 1B2B 1$8 A"a' C#p/# ST 1B3B 11B111 SC < 11 A"a' C#p/# ST 1B2B 1$1 A"a' C#p/# ST 1B3B 11B1

Ta*"a $.1: P)#-!/-a- a,(' 0 -('p!' -( "a #pa/6, -( "#' /#'#' -(#p()a/6, 0 a,(,(,# -( "a ;"#a -( S/##p)a'

&!(,(: E"a*#)a/6, p)#pa

189


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D( "a a*"a '( #*'()a 5!( ap"/a,-# (" #-# -( )(;"#a(,# -(

a5!,a)a '( )(a"a)> !,a ,()'6, (, "a a-5!''/6, -( 11 (5!p#'

,!(#' a)/a A"a' C#p/# /#, (""# '( #*(,( a0#) p)#-!/-a- (,#)

)("a/6, /#'#*(,(;/# 0 p#) (,-( "a )(-!//6, -( "#' /#'#' -( #p()a/6,

0 a,(,(,# -( "a ;"#a -( '/##p)a'. A-(>' '( "#)a)> !,a

('a,-a)a/6, -( "#' (5!p#' 0 '( p#-)> !'a) a "#' (5!p#' a/!a"(' -( "a

;"#a /## p)#((-#)(' -( )(p!('#' 0a 5!( a*, '( /!(,a, /#, a0#)

/a,-a- -( (5!p#' a)/a A"a' C#p/#.

190


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1.3 EALUACIN DE RESULTADOS

La ap"/a/6, -(" R(;"#a(,# -( Ma5!,a)a (,( /##

/#,'(/!(,/a !,a )(-!//6, -(" /#'# a,!a" -( #p()a/6, 0

a,(,(,# p()# a /a*# -( ('# '( -(*( )(a"a) !,a ,()'6, (,

"a a-5!'/6, -( ,!(#' (5!p#'.

La' #)a' a,!a"(' -( #p()a/6, -( "#' '/##p)a' '#,

ap)#a-a(,( -( 4241.3 #)a' /## '( (,( (" *(,(;/# #)a)#

-( "#' '/##p)a' -( "a ;"#a 0 "#' -( )((p"a# (,#,/(' '( p#-)>

#*(,() "a /a,-a- -( a()a" 5!( #"a, a,!a"(,( p#) (-#

-( !,a !"p"/a/6, -( "a' #)a' -( #p()a/6, a,!a"(' 0 (" *(,(;/#

#)a)#.

E,#,/(' (" a#))# a,!a" '( /a"/!"a)> /#, "a '!(,( (p)('6,:

A#))# T#, a,!a"(' C%&"#a


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I%8 C7;0g'F!'%" A%&"! F!'%" R#'%n0";"

M';!' US\ M';!' US\ B1 SC < B1 EC 13B 134 ST 71B B937B2 SC < B2 EC 14$ 134 ST 71B B937B3 SC < B3 ST 71B 134 ST 71B B937B4 SC < B4 ST 71B 134 ST 71B B937B$ SC < B$ ST YC 1$B ST 1B3B 11B1BY SC < BY T#)# 7 1$B ST 1B3B 11B1B7 SC < B7 R1YBBG 1$B ST 1B3B 11B1B8 SC < B8 ST 1B2B 1$B ST 1B3B 11B1B9 SC < B9 ST 1B2B 1$B ST 1B3B 11B11B SC < 1B ST 1B2B 1$B ST 1B3B 11B111 SC < 11 ST 1B2B 1$B ST 1B3B 11B1

Ta*"a $.2: C% -( "#' (5!p#' -( "a ;"#a 0 (5!p#' ,!(#'

&!(,(: E"a*#)a/6, p)#pa

E" (5!p# -( )((p"a# ST 61+ #"a a,!a"(,( 47BB71.7Y #,("a-a'

5!( )((p"aa,-# (, "a (p)('6, $.1 #*(,(#':

A#))# T#, a,!a"(' C%&"#a


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E'( />"/!"# "# p#-(#' ap)(/a) /#, a0#) -(a""( (, "a '!(,( a*"a:

#)a' #p()a/6, a,!a"(' ) )()1,3%(,(;/# #)a)# #,)ST 71B 4B 0-3 11+,=3(

ST1B3B Y$ 0-3 =3,=13

ANALISIS DE AHORROSCOOPTRAMS

),+ ;3 5,* ;3 N&" F!'%"M,()a" #"a-# #, 47BB718 3$$47Y1C% E5!p#' -( "a &"#a USc#, 134 1$C% E5!p#' -( R((p"a# USc#, B937 11B1A#))# p#) E5!p# USc 1894389 14183$U,-a-(' )((p"aa-a' 4 7 14

A#))# A,!a" USc 7$77$$7 9928447 17$BYBB3Y

Ta*"a $.3: A#))# a,!a" p#) )((p"aa) "#' (5!p#' -( "a ;"#a -( '/##p)a'

&!(,(: E"a*#)a/6, p)#pa

193


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1.) APLICACIONES PRCTICAS

E'a ,('a/6, '( )(a"6 pa)a "a M,()a V#"/a, !,-a- T/"#

pa)a a' p#-() -a) a /#,#/() 5!( #pa,-# "#' /#'#' -(

#p()a/6, 0 a,(,(,# '( "#)a ,/)((,a) "a p)#-!/-a- -(

"a ;"#a a/!a" -( '!' '/##p)a'.

E'a ,('a/6, p!(-( '() ap"/a) (, -;()(,(' (p)('a'

,()a' 5!( (,a, (" '# p)#*"(a -( ,/)((,# -( '!'

/#'#' -( #p()a/6, 0 a,(,(,# -( '! ;"#a -( /a)a-#)(' a

"# "a)# -( '!' a#' -( #p()a/6,.

A' '# ('a ,('a/6, '( p!(-( #a) /## )(;()(,/a

pa)a #)#' ('!-#' -( ,('a/6, )("a/#,a-#' /#, (" (a.

194


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CONCLUSIONES

1. E" R(;"#a(,# -( Ma5!,a)a ,#' p()( "a #pa/6, -( "#'

/#'#' -( #p()a/6, 0 a,(,(,# /#, (" /!a" '( "#)a ,/)((,a) "a

p)#-!/-a- -( "a ;"#a a/!a" -( '/##p)a'.

2. C#, (" R(;"#a(,# -( Ma5!,a)a '( )((p"aa #-#' "#' '/##p)a'

-( "a ;"#a ', )(p#(,/a) ,,!,# -(*-# a 5!( "#' (5!p#' -( "a ;"#a

a/!a" -( '/##p)a' 0a (,(, !/#' a#' -( #p()a/6, 0 0a pa'a)#,

p#) >' -( !, O()a!".

3. La ap"/a/6, -(" R(;"#a(,# -( Ma5!,a)a (,( (,a+a' /,/a' 0

(/#,6/a'. T/,/a' p#)5!( (" a,(,(,# -( "#' '/##p)a' ('>

a/#)-( a "a' )(/#(,-a/#,(' -(" ;a*)/a,( 0 (/#,6/a' p#)5!( '(

"#)a (,() !,a ;"#a ('a,-a)a-a -(*-# a (""# ,# '( /#,'-()a (,()

/#'#' p#) a,(,() '#/ -( )(p!('#' -( -;()(,(' a)/a'.

195


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4. D( a/!()-# a" a,>"'' C#'#%(,(;/# )(a"a-# pa)a "a a-5!'/6, -(

"#' '/##p)a' -( )((p"a# -( 42 0-3 (" >' )(,a*"( (, (" ()/a-#

;!( (" S/##p)a a)/a A"a' C#p/# ST71B /#, !,a p)#-!/-a- -(

B.937 USc#, ;)(,( a "#' '/##p)a' a)/a Sa,- TOROY 0 a)/a

Caa)p""a) R13BBG p!('# 5!( /#, ('#' /!('a >' )a,'p#)a) !,a

#,("a-a -( ,()a".

$. D( a/!()-# a" a,>"'' C#'#%(,(;/# )(a"a-# pa)a "a a-5!'/6, -(

"#' '/##p)a' -( )((p"a# -( Y$ 0-3 (" >' )(,a*"( (, (" ()/a-#

;!( (" S/##p)a a)/a A"a' C#p/# ST1B3B /#, !,a p)#-!/-a- -(

1.1B7 USc#, ;)(,( a "#' '/##p)a' a)/a Sa,- TORO7 0 a)/a

Caa)p""a) R1YBBG p!('# 5!( /#, ('#' /!('a >' )a,'p#)a) !,a

#,("a-a -( ,()a".

Y. La ap"/a/6, -(" #-# )(5!()( !,a ,()'6, (, "a a-5!'/6, -(

(5!p#' ,!(#' -( 3 9B$ BBB USc.

7. R(a"a,-# "a #pa/6, -( "#' /#'#' -( #p()a/6, 0 a,(,(,#

p#) (-# -( !, R(;"#a(,# -( Ma5!,a)a (" a#))# a,!a" -( /#'#'

(' -( 1 74$ Y24 USc

8. La ,()'6, )(a"a-a ,/a"(,( pa)a "a a-5!'/6, -( ,!(#'

(5!p#' '( )(/!p()a)> (, 2.24 a#' 5!(->,-#,#' B7Y a#' -( !"-a-

5!( (, -,()# )(p)('(,a 1 331 872 USc p!('# 5!( a "a' 12 BBB #)a'

-( #p()a/6, 3 a#' ap)#a-a(,( )(/#(,-a, "#' (p()#'

)(a"a) !, O()a!" a "#' '/##p)a'.

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RECOMENDACIONES

1. S( )(/#(,-a ap"/a) (" R(;"#a(,# -( Ma5!,a)a pa)a a'

#pa) "#' /#'#' -( #p()a/6, 0 a,(,(,#H 0 p#) (,-(

,/)((,a) "a p)#-!/-a- -( "a ;"#a -( '/##p)a' -( "a M,()a

V#"/a, !,-a- T/"#.

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BIBLIORAFIA

1. ESPINOZA MONTES, CIRO. METODOLOGA DE LA

INVESTIGACIN TECNOLGICA P)()a (-/6, (-#)a" Ia(,

G)>;/a SAC a)# -( 2B1B.

2. ROBERTO HERNADEZ SAMPIERI, CARLOS FERNANDEZ

COLLADO, PILAR BAPTISTA LUCIO. METODOLOGIA DE LA

INVESTIGACIN F!,a E-/6, (-#)a" M/ G)a\


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$. NICHOLS HERBERT REPARACIN @ MANTENIMIENTO DE

MAFUINARIA PESADA. S(!,-a (-/6, M/# E-#)a" M/ G)a\

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Tesis Julio Vega