Tratado Enciclopedico de Ifa Oyekun Meyi

7/23/2019 Tratado Enciclopedico de Ifa Oyekun Meyi

1/222

PRLPL@G FDINICGZF@NIG @F NALG^FMVD EF^N

-: :: :: :: :

AVF G^FMVD EF^N \VNFD RFQFCG IGEG GRVDENCL CF FDYF(G L CLOVELDN@L@ CL AGREL @F ZRGPFKFRYF @F CL EVFRPF ZRFELPVRLIVLD@G FC OGEBRF AVF IRFL@G# CL EVFRPF IGDYN@FRG L CLDVFQL IRNLPVRL IGEG CL IGEN@L ZRFAFRN@L ZLRL FC LCNEFD%PLRYF LYN# AVF CL EVFRPF CL VDNIL @NQNDN@L@ \VF YF LCF%KRG @F \VF @NGY IRFLRL LC OGEBRF ENFDPRLY \VF GPRLY@NQNDN@L@FY IGDYN@FRLBLD LC OGEBRF IGEG L VD YFR NDAFRNGRIRFL@G ZLRL YFRQNRCLY# CL EVFRPF CG IGDYN@FRLBL IGEGZRGQNYNGD @F LCNEFDPG DG GBYPLDPF# FYZFRG L \VF FC OGE%

BRF YF EVCPNZCNILRL ^ @FYZVFY @F FYPG YF @NRNKNG L ILZRN%IOG L YVY EGRL@LY L FYIGKFRCGY IGD FC AND @F VPNCNXLRCGYIGEG IGEN@L ZGR ILRFIFR @F CGY EF@NGY @F @FAFDYL ZRG%ZNL# YND EFDINGDLR CL CVIOL ZGR RFYZVFYPL# FC OGEBRF YFRFYNKDG L CL EVFRPF# @FC LPL\VF NDIFYLDPF ZGR CL EVFRPFCGY OGEBRFY DG PNFDFD L \VNFD LZFCLR ^L \VF CL CGKNIL FRL\VF PLDPG IGEG FCCGY IGDYN@FRLBLD L CGY LDNELCFY NDAFRNG%RFY IGEG IGEN@L ZLRL LCNEFDPLRYF# CL EVFRPF IGDYN@FRLBLLC OGEBRF IGEG ILRDF ZLRL IGEFR

YNFEZRF \VF DGYGPRGY IGEZRFD@LEGY CL QFDIF@GRL ANCGYGANL@F CL F_NYPFDINL @F CLY ZCLDPLY ^ LDNELCFY# CGY IVLCFYAVFRGD IRFL@GY ZLRL YFRQNR VD ZRGZGYNPG FD FC YNYPFELZCLDFPLRNG# DG @FBFEGY EGCFYPLRDGY ND@FBN@LEFDPF LDPF CLNDFQNPLBNCN@L@ @F CL EVFRPF PLC ^ IGEG DGYGPRGY VPNCNXL%EGY CLY ZCLDPLY ^ CGY LDNELCFY NDAFRNGRFY ZLRL YLPNYALIFRDVFYPRGY OLBNPGY ^ @FYFGY ZRFAFRN@GY# @F CL ENYEL ELDFRLDGY FDIGDPRLEGY L EFRIF@ @F CLY @NQNDN@L@FY ELY ZG@FRGYLYOLBNFD@GYF @L@G VD ZLZFC \VF @FYFEZF(LR FD FC YNYPFELZCLDFPLRNG# FD FC \VF YF NDICV^F CL ZRGQNYNGD @F IGEN@LZLRL CGY LCPGY ZG@FRFY# @NGY DG OL GPGRKL@G FC NDPFCFIPGZLRL @FAFD@FRDGY IGEG EFHGR ZG@LEGY# ^L YFL LZLINKVLD@GG EF@NLDPF CL @NQFRYNGD FYPG FYPL ICLRLEFDPF NCVYPRL@GFD CLY YNKVNFDPFY RFQFCLINGDFY @F G^FMVD EF^N

VMV ^FF

NRVMV ^FF


2/222

FMV EF^N CGGRV[F

FHL EF^N GHGMG CGGRF

GCVCF L@N^F

N@FRFKBF LLBL EVRF@F

LKBGKOLML# FHN CLBL G@VEFPL

LMG FCNCL PGVD PG GYOVMLLRF

CL EVFRPF YF LCFKRG @F CL IRFLINGD @FC OGEBRF#

RGBG OVELDGY L ILZRNIOG ZLRL IGEFRYFCGY#

@GY RLPLY FYPLBLD HVKLD@G FD CL PNFRRL#

@GY ZFYIL@GY FYPLBLD HVKLD@G FD FC LKVL#

CL KLCCNDL OLBNL ZVFYPG YVY OVFQGY ^ OLBNL N@G L@FYILDYLR#

FC IONQG OLBNL PFDN@G EVIOGY ONHGY#

FC AVFRPF ILRDFRG @F PRFY L(GY @F F@L@#

FC ELIOG @F CL QLIL @GPL@G @F HVKGYL ILRDF#

AVFRGD PG@GY IRFL@GY ZLRL LZLINKVLR L CL EVFRPF#

FYPL LYLEBCFL @F LDNELCFY DN LZLINKVG DN YLPNYANXG L CLEVFRPF#

CL EVFRPF IGDPNDVL FDAGILD@G# YV ENRL@L FD CL ILRDFOVELDL

IVLD@G FC OGEBRF FQFDPVLCEFDPF YF LIFRIG L GRVDENCL FDBVYIL @F L@NQNDLINGD LIFRIL @F IGEG @FPFDFR CL LEFDLXL @FCL EVFRPF# FYPF CF @NHG \VF DG OLBNL YLIRNANING \VFZV@NFRL @FYQNLR CL LPFDINGD @F CL EVFRPF YGBRF FC OGEBRFYV ILRDF IGDYPNPVNL CG VDNIG \VF ZG@NL YLPNYALIFR YV@NQNDG LZFPNPG PG@GY CGY GPRGY# RLPLY# ZFYIL@GY# LQFY#IONQGY# ILRDFRGY# F NDICVYG QLILY# FRLD CLY IGEN@LYZRFAFRN@LY @F CGY YLIFR@GPFY @F CLY @NQNDN@L@FY FC CFYZRFKVDPG YN OLBNL LCKG \VF ZV@NFRL NEZF@NR \VF FCCGY YFLCNEFDPLRLD IGD YVY IGEN@LY ZRFAFRN@LY DG GBYPLDPF# CFY@NHG \VF CL EFHGR AGREL @F ZRGPFKFRYF @F VDL @NQNDN@L@ELCQL@L FRL OLINFD@G YLIRNANING IGD CG \VF FCCL ZRGONBNLGRVDENCL# FD YV ILZLIN@L@ @F FCFRN VMZND /PFYPNKG @F @NGYFD CL IRFLINGD.# FY FC VDNIG \VF YLBF CG \VF IL@L VDL @FCLY @NQNDN@L@FY ZRGONBF

FDPGDIFY FC CF LIGDYFHG \VF ZRFZLRLRLD (LEFY ELIOLIL@GYG RFQVFCPGY / GBGBG FD BNDN ^ F[G V FCG FD ^GRVBL . L CGIVLC YF CF @FBNL LKRFKLR ZF\VF(LY KVNHLY PLEBNFD CFY

LIGDYFHG \VF BVYILRLD VD ZGCCG ZF\VF(G QNQG FCCGYBVYILRGD CGY ELPFRNLCFY ^ PG@GY CGY OGEBRFY YF RFVDNFRGDFD FC YLCGD @F IGDAFRFDINLY @GD@F CL EVFRPF LIGYPVEBRLBL


3/222

L FYIGKFRCGY VDG PRLY GPRG GRVDENCL CFY LIGDYFHG \VF YFIGENFRLD FC (LEF ELIOLIL@G# ZFRG \VF BGPLRLD CLY KVNHLYPLEBNFD @FBNLD LPLR FC ZGCCG L CL FDPRL@L @F CL ILYL @FFYV# YND ELPLRCG

IVLD@G CL EVFRPF YF LIFRIG L CL ILELRL @F IGDAFRFDINLYZLRL LYFYPLR LVD GPRG LPL\VF# OLCCG CLY KVNHLY \VF CGY

OGEBRFY FYPLBLD @FYFIOLD@G @F YVY IGEN@LY LC ZGDFRYF CGYKVNHLY FD CL BGIL IGD FC AND @F ZRGBLR CG \VF CGY OGEBRFYFYPLBLD IGENFD@G# DG CLY ZV@G ELYPNILR# FDPGDIFY ZFDYG\VF L\VFCCGY \VF FRLD ILZLIFY @F IGEFRYF GBHFPGY PLD@VRGY @FBNLD YFR IRNLPVRLY LPFRRL@GRLY ILZLIFY @F CVIOLRYN YF CFY ZRGQGILBL @FELYNL@G ENFDPRLY \VF CL EVFRPFEF@NPLBL FD FC ZRG_NEG ZLYG \VF NBL L @LR# FC ZGCCG L CLFDPRL@L @F CL ILYL @F FYV IGEFDXG L F_ICLELR VMV ^FF LCFYIVIOLR LC KRNPG @FC ZGCCG# CL EVFRPF YF LCFHG IGRRNFD%@G ZGR PFDFR ZRGONBN@G FC YGDN@G @F VD ZGCCG CL EVFRPFFDPGDIFY @FHG L CGY OGEBRFY FD ZLX ^ FCCGY YF LCFKRLRGD#@LD@GCFY CLY KRLINLY L GRVDENCL ZGR EGYPRLRCFY FC YFIRFPG@F FCCL AVF @FY@F FYL AFIOL \VF CL EVFRPF @NYF(G GPRLYAGRELY @F ZG@FR CCFKLR LC OGEBRF

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

PF# FC RF^ @F CL EVFRPF VCPNCNXL L FDAFREF@L@# YV FYZGYL#ZLRL \VF BVY\VF IGEN@L ZLRL CL ALENCNL FYPG PVQG CVKLR@FYZVFY \VF FC OGEBRF OVBG LZRFD@N@G FC YFIRFPG @F IGEGFYZLDPLR L CL EVFRPF IGD LDPFRNGRN@L@# CL EVFRPF OLINLZRFYL ZRFYL @FC OGEBRF ZGR YN ENYEG

ZGR CG PLDPG# IVLD@G G^FMVD EF^N LZLRFIF @VRLDPF L@NQNDL%INGD L CL ZFRYGDL YF CF ZVF@F @FINR \VF CL EVFRPF CG FYPLLIFIOLD@G# ZFRG \VF @FBF OLIFR YLIRNANING L FYV IGD (LEFYELIOLIL@GY EFXICL@GY IGD YLC ^ LIFNPF @F ZLCEL ^ ILRKL@GPG@G IGD KVNHLY PLEBNFD @FBFRL LPLR VD ZGCCG QNQG FD FCCVKLR YLKRL@G @F FYV ZLRL FYZLDPLR L CL EVFRPF

YND FEBLRKG# IVLD@G G^FMVD EF^N YLCF FD L@NQNDLINGD ZLRLVD DN(G RFINFD DLIN@G# L CGY ZL@RFY YF CF @FBFRL @FINR\VF OLKLD YLIRNANINGY YNENCLRFY L CGY \VF ONXG CCVQNLLDPFY @F QFDNR LC EVD@G @F ELDFRL \VF FC DN(G YF CF ZVF@LNR ZGR FDINEL L CGY @NAFRFDPFY FDFENKGY ZG@FRGYGY \VFFYPL @FYPNDL@G L PFDFR FD FC IVRYG @F YV QN@L FYPF PNZG@F YLIRNANING RF\VNFRF @F FDILDPLENFDPGY FYZFINLCFY \VFYGCG ZVF@FD YFR OFIOGY ZGR L@FZPGY LC NANYEGGPRGY PRLBLHGY IFCFYPNLCFY @F G^FMVD EF^N%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

IGD FC YGBRFDGEBRF @F F@N@V MZFRF GHVEVDL# FC ONXG L@NQN%

DLINGD ZLRL CCVQNL FD FC INFCG LDPFY @F \VF FYPF QNDNFRLOLINL FC EVD@G CCVQNL YF CCLELBL GHGKN@NKN@N PNNDYOF GEGGMVRND GRVD FC CF LIGDYFHG L CL CCVQNL \VF ONINFRL YLIRN%


4/222

ANING @FBN@G L \VF FYPF NBL L ZRFYFDPLRYF FD FC EVD@G FDEF@NG @F FDFENKGY L CCVQNL YF CF @NHG \VF ONINFRL YLIRN%ANING IGD VD ELIOG ILBRNG# PFCL DFKRL ^ VD EGDPGD @FKLRRGPFY CCVQNL ONXG FC YLIRNANING LDPFY @F ZLRPNR OLINLCL PNFRRL

IVLD@G FYPF FYPLBL L ZVDPG @F DLIFR# YVY EL^GRFY ELY LKRF%

YNQGY ^L YF FDIGDPRLBLD FD CL PNFRRL FCCGY FRLD8 FC YGC#CL ICLRN@L@ ^ CL YF\VNL LDPFY @F CL CCFKL@L @F CL CCVQNLPG@GY OLBNLD HVRL@G \VF DG NBL OLBFR CVKLR ZLRL CL CCVQNLFD CF PNFRRL ENFDPRLY PLDPG# CCVQNL IGEFDXG L LEFDLXLRIGEG ^L FC OLBNL OFIOG YLIRNANING L FYV# YF @NYZVYG LYLCNR FD YV QNLHF OLINL CL PNFRRL FYV FDPGDIFY YLIG CLPFCL GYIVRL IGD CL \VF CCVQNL OLBNL OFIOG YLIRNANING ^ CL@FYZCFKG ZLRL AGRELR VDL KRVFYL ILZL @F DVBFY LRRNBL FD FCINFCG YF ZRG@VHG VDL GYIVRN@L@ PGPLC FD CL PNFRRL FDPGD%IFY FYV CF FDPRFKG L CCVQNL EVIOGY @F CGY KLRRGPFY \VF VYGZLRL OLIFR YLIRNANING ^ CF LIGDYFHG \VF CGY VPNCNXLRL ZLRLKGCZFLR L IVLC\VNFRL \VF YF LPRFQNFRL L ZLRLRYF FD YVILENDG FYPGY KLRRGPFY YGD CGY LKVLIFRGY \VF VPNCNXL CLCCVQNL ZLRL ILYPNKLR PLDPG L RF^FY IGEG L FYICLQGY# L CGY@F LRRNBL LC NKVLC \VF L CGY @F LBLHG# OLYPL FYPF @NL AVFLYN IGEG ZV@G YGEFPFR LC RGING# CL YF\VNL# FC ILCGR# FCZGCQG# CGY LRBGCFY# FPI# CGY IVLCFY FRLD YVY FDFENKGY

IGEG ZFYIL@G CCFKG L EVCPNZCNILRYF%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

N[G G^F

FEN G^F

G^F GDPGMF BG

GYOFBN GHV CGGEG

G^FMVD EF^N ONXG L@NQNDLINGD ZLRL ZFYIL@G IVLD@G FCCLFYPLBL CCFKLD@G ZRGIF@FDPF @FC INFCG ZFYIL@G FRL CL ONHL@FC RNG FD FC INFCG G^FMVD EF^N CF LIGDYFHG \VF ONINFRLYLIRNANING IGD FC AND @F \VF ZV@NFRL PFDFR EFDGY ONHGY FDCL PNFRRL

YF CF @NHG \VF ONINFRL YLIRNANING IGD VD IONQG# KLCCNDL ^ZLCGEL FCCL ONXG FC YLIRNANING ^ QNDG LC EVD@G @GD@FIGEFDXG L PFDFR ONHGY FD EVCPNZCFY @F INFDPGY L CL QFXG^FMVD EF^N RFQFCL FC YFIRFPG @F CLY @NQNDN@L@FY LC EVD@G%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

VHN G@G DNEG KBV VHN G@G

NBN GDG EFF[L EG KBV HN F@VD

LMFMF KF NKN VD VKBG

LKBGVD RF KFKFRFKF

N^G^G LKBG DN RND MGDRF MGDRF

GCVCF GHF KBRNRGDEV RGEV GHL PGDPGDPGD


5/222

GCVCF FPN KBNRGDEV

RGDEV GHL PNPN RGDRGDRGD

L@NAL AVD GRVDENCL DN NKBL PG PN MG

RVD BG[L MGCF L^F

FC YGDN@G @FC EGRPFRG RFZFRIVPF @FY@F FC ZVDPG FD FC IVLCYF OLCCL8

EF @FPVQF FD FC ILENDG ^ FYIVIOF FC OLIOL PLCLD@G FC LR%BGC= FC OLIOL FYPLBL PLCLD@G VD LRBGC FD FC BGY\VF ^ FCYGDN@G RFZFRIVPNG L QLRNLY ENCCLY @F @NYPLDINL

L EF@N@L \VF FC ILRDFRG YF EVFQF# YV ILZVIOL GYINCL @FNX\VNFR@L L @FRFIOL

FC OGEBRF \VF OL N@G FD VDL ILYL IFRIL @FC EFRIL@G FYIVIOLFC YGDN@G @F CL ZCLXL

FYPG FRLD CGY DGEBRFY @F CGY L[GY \VF ONINFRGD L@NQNDL%INGDFY ZLRL G^FMVD EF^N IVLD@G FYPF FYPLBL QNDNFD@G OLINLFC EVD@G FCCGY CF LIGDYFHLRGD \VF ONINFRL YLIRNANING IGDVD ELIOG ILBRNG L FYV ^ \VF GARFINFRL IONQG# KLCCG# ZLCG%EL# PFCL BCLDIL ^ ILVRNY L GCGMVD# CL @NQNDN@L@ @FC LKVLFC ONXG CGY YLIRNANINGY

CLY 2:: @NQNDN@L@@FY /VKBL RVD EGCF FD ^GRVBL# NOFDVRN FDBNDN. @FIN@NFRGD QNYNPLR CL PNFRRL ZLRL QFR IGEG CL FYPL%BLD ZLYLD@G YVY OLBNPLDPFY IVLD@G CCFKLRGD L CL ARGDPFRL

FDPRF FC INFCG ^ CL PNFRRL FD GHL LHNBGEFMGD# YF FDIGDPRL%RGD IGD @GY EVHFRFY CCLEL@LY GHL ^ LHF FYPLY EVHFRFY ZFR%YGDNANILBLD FC @NDFRG ^ CL ZRGYZFRN@L@ IGEG QFRFEGY ELYL@FCLDPF# ILYN DNDKVDL @F CLY 2:: @NQNDN@L@FY ONXG YLIRN%ANING LDPFY @F LBLD@GDLR FC INFCG DN YF EGCFYPLRGD FDGBPFDFR ZFRENYG @F FYV# L \VNFD PG@LY @FYZRFINLBLD ZGR YFRVD GYIVRLDPNYPLLZFDLY OLBNLD LBLD@GDL@G FC INFCG# FYV @FYLPG FC IGR@GD @FCL CCVQNL ZRGDPG FYPL IGEFDXG L ILFR ZFYL@LEFDPF ^ PG@LYCLY GPRLY @NQNDN@L@FY BVYILRGD RFAVKNG FD VD CVKLR V GPRGGRVDENCL LC CCFKLR L CL PNFRRL# YND ZRFGIVZLRYF ZGR IVLDZFYL@LEFDPF CCGQNFRL# IGDPNDVG YGCG FD YV QNLHF LIGEZL(L@GZGR CLY @GY EVHFRFY

IVLD@G CCFKLRGD L CL PNFRRL# YVY ONHGY CFY @NFRGD RGZLYZLRL \VF YF ILEBNLRLD CFY @NFRGD PRLHFY BCLDIGY ZLRL \VFYF CGY ZVYNFRLD

CL CCVQNL CCFKG @F ELDFRL IGDPNDVL@L @VRLDPF PRFY L(GYGRVDENCL# ENFDPRLY PLDPG# QNQNG FD ELPRNEGDNG IGD CLY @GYEVHFRFY# LHF ^ GHL# ^ FCCLY OLBNLD PFDN@G ONHGY# ZFRG CLYGPRLY @NQNDN@L@FY DG OLBNLD CCFKL@G

@FYZVFY @F FYZFRLR FD QLDG ZGR CL CCFKL@L @F CLY GPRLY@NQNDN@L@FY# YVY ONHGY ^ YFKVN@GRFY FD CL PNFRRL @FIN@NF%

RGD YLCNR L BVYILRCL IVLD@G CGY INV@L@LDGY @F CL PNFRRLYF FDIGDPRLRGD IGD CLY @NQNDN@L@FY ^ CLY ZFRYVL@NFRGD @F\VF CGY YNKVNFRLD L CL ILYL# FCCLY @FICNDLRGD CL GAFRPL


6/222

LCFKLD@G \VF FYPLBLD BLYPLDPF IGEG@LY FD YV DVFQL EGRL@LY^ LEBNFDPF

ZGR YV ZLRPF# GRVDENCL OLBNL FYPL@G ZRLIPNILD@G FC LRPF @FNAL @F ELDFRL F_NPGYL FD CL PNFRRL ^ OLBNL RFICVPL@G LQLRNGY IGDQFRYGY PLEBNFD YF @F@NIG LC IGEFRING IGD CLL^V@L @F LHF ^ GHL# \VNFDFY YF OLBNLD IGDQFRPN@G FD YVY

FYZGYLY LEBLY EVHFRFY CG ONINFRGD F_IFYNQLEFDPF RNIG

FYPL RFQFCLINGD F_ZCNIL ZGR\VF CGY CVKLRFY YLKRL@GY @F CLEL^GR ZLRPF @F CLY GPRLY @NQNDN@L@FY YF ELDPNFDFD AVFRL@F CL ILYL OLYPL FYPF @NL# IGD CL F_IFZINGD @F GRVDENCLIGDHVDPLEFDPF IGD LHF ^ GHL /GCGMVD. \VNFDFY YNKVNFRGD LGRVDENCL LC EVD@G FC RFYPG YF ELDPNFDF FD CLY @NAFRFDPFYCGILINGDFY @GD@F PGELRGD RFAVKNG @F CL CCVQNL IVLD@G FYPL%BLD CCFKLD@G LC EVD@G CL RLXGD ZGR CL IVLC L GCGMVD ^ LGRVDENCL YF CFY YNRQF IGD RGZLY BCLDILY OLYPL FYPF @NL YF@FBF L \VF FYGY AVFRGD CGY PRLHFY \VF VPNCNXLRGD IVLD@GCCFKLRGD L CL PNFRRL FEZLZL@GY ZGR CL CCVQNL \VF IL^GIVLD@G RFLCNXLBLD YV QNLHF

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

ILYLRYF IGD CL EVHFR L@FIVL@L PFEZRLDG FD CL QN@L

CL EFHGR ZRGAFYNGD ZLRL CGY ONHGY @F G^FMVD EF^N FY CLIRNL @F LDNELCFY @F KRLDHL G FC IGEFRING FYPF AVF FC IGD%YFHG @L@G L G^FMVD EF^N LDPFY @F \VF LBLD@GDLRL FC INFCG#@FBNFD@G FC# IGEFRINLR GQFHLY G LDNELCFY# LQFY# IFR@GY#IONQGY# QLILY G CG \VF AVFRF FYPG CF @LRNL VD BVFD NDNINGFD CL QN@L# LVD\VF @FY@F LON YF KRL@VLRLD OLYPL CCFKLR LCVKLRFY ELY LCPGY @FC FEZF(G FIGDGENIG

FC DLINENFDPG @F G^FMVD EF^N%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

FC ZL@RF @F G^FMVD EF^N FRL PLD ZLINFDPF IGEG FC QFRPF@FRG@F FYIGEBRGY /GPNGD FD ^GRVBL ^ GPNMV FD BNDN.# ENFDPRLY\VF YV EL@RF FRL PLD AVFRPF IGEG FC IRVIF @F PRFY ILENDGYFD GPRLY ZLCLBRLY# FC ZL@RF FRL VD CFKG# ENFDPRLY \VF CLEL@RF FRL VDL BRVHL \VF YGCNL PRLDYANKVRLRYF FD FC EVD@GLYPRLC ^ YN\VNIG ZLRL LYNYPNR L RFVDNGDFY IGD CGY LDINLDGY@F CL DGIOF

IVLD@G CGY ZG@FRFY @F CL FYZGYL YF ONINFRGD @FELYNL@G@GENDLDPFY ZLRL FC ZL@RF FYPF AVF ZGR L@NQNDLINGD ^ YF CF@NHG \VF ONINFRL YLIRNANING IGD VDL BGL /GMLL FD ^GRVBL ^

LRVD[GPG FD BNDN. FC ONXG FC YLIRNANING ^ CL FYZGYL ZRGD%PG \VF@G FEBLRLXL@L


7/222

CL DGIOF FD \VF FCCL NBL L ZLRNR# DVFQLEFDPF YF PRLDYAGREGZLRL ZLYLR LC EVD@G @F CL BRVHFRNL IVLD@G YF @FYZFRPG#FYV OLBNL IGCGIL@G CL BGL IGD CL IVLC FC FYZGYG OLBNLOFIOG YLIRNANING# FD FC AGD@G @F CL ILYL FD FYG# FCCLYNDPNG @FYFGY @F OLIFR YVY DFIFYN@L@FY# YF @NRNKNG LCAGD@G @F CL ILYL ZLRL NR LC YFRQNING# FC IVLC PRL@NINGDLC%EFDPF YF OLCCLBL LCFHL@G @F CL ENYEL IVLD@G NBL OLINL FC

YFRQNING QNG L CL YFRZNFDPF ^ IGRRNG LPFEGRNXL@L LCFHLD@G%YF @F CL ILYL OLYPL \VF CCFKG LC IRVIF @F CGY PRFY ILEN%DGY AVF LCCN @GD@F @F RFZFDPF YF CF ZRFYFDPLRGD CGY @GCG%RFY ^ ZLRNG VD QLRGD YND \VF DL@NF CL L^V@LRL

FCCL FYPLBL PLD IGDPFDPL ZGR CL @GBCF YLCQLINGD ^ LCFKRNL\VF OLBNL PFDN@G FD VDL DGIOF \VF LC DN(G YF CF CCLEGG^FMVD EF^N YF CF OLBNL FYILZL@G L CL EVFRPF YGBRFQNQNFD%@G FC LPL\VF @F CL BGL ^ LC ENYEG PNFEZG PVQG FC ONHG \VFOLBNL FYPL@G @FYFLD@G @VRLDPF L(GY

IVLD@G G^FMVD EF^N YLCF FD L@NQNDLINGD ZLRL VDL EVHFR\VNFD FYPL @FYFLD@G VD ONHG YF CF @FBFRL @FINR \VF FCCL FYRFYZGDYLBCF @F YV NDAFIVD@N@L@ ^L \VF DG YGCLEFDPF FY ELYAVFRPF \VF YV FYZGYG# YNDG \VF QF ELY @F CG \VF FC QF YFCF @FBFRL LIGDYFHLR \VF YF YVBGR@NDF L CL LVPGRN@L@ @FCFYZGYG YN QFR@L@FRLEFDPF @FYFL PFDFR VD ONHG

YN YLCF FD L@NQNDLINGD ZLRL VD OGEBRF FC IVLC FYPL LDYNGYG@F \VF CL FYZGYL PFDKL VD ONHG# YF CF @FBFRL @FINR \VFFCCL DG FYPL PLD @FYFGYL IGEG FC @F PFDFR VD ONHG IGD FCAND @F \VF CL EVHFR PFDKL FC ONHG FC @FBFRL VPNCNXLR VDLBGL ZLRL OLIFR YLIRNANING L YV NAL# YN PNFDF VDG G @FBFRLOLIFR CGY ZRFZLRLPNQGY ZLRL PFDFR YV ZRGZNG NAL ^ LYN IGD%PFDFR CGY ZG@FRFY @NLBGCNIGY YVZFRNGRFY @F YV FYZGYL

CL QFDN@L @F HF[FYVD L CL PNFRRL%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

PLEBNFD AVF G^FMVD EF^N \VNFD RFQFCG IGEG HF[FYVD QNDG LFYPF EVD@G FC L[G \VF ONXG L@NQNDLINGD ZLRL FC LDPFY @F\VF LBLD@GDLRL FC INFCG YF CCLELBL=

BN LBL MZF GMV DN MZGDMZG

LCL^N^F# CGGEL @LVD

G@NAL AVD G@G LKVPLD

PNDYOF GMGEBN GEG GCG@VELRF

GQF CLL LRNDRND NKBLPFEL GEG LRL^F

\VF \VNFRF @FINR8

IVLD@G L CL EVFRPF YF CF CCLEL L @NYPLDINL FY VD YFR OVEL%DG \VNFD QL L RFYZGD@FR LC CCLEL@L

LC ONHG @F @NGY YF CF CCLELBL HF[FYVD FD FC INFCG# YF CF@NHG \VF ONINFRL YLIRNANING IGD VDL GQFHL ^ PFCL RGHL ZLRL\VF ZV@NFRL YGBRFQNQNR CL IGDYZNRLINGD \VF YF NBL L GRKL%


8/222

DNXLR IGD CGY YFRFY OVELDGY IGDPRL FC FD CL PNFRRL YF CF@NHG \VF PLEBNFD @NFRL VD ELIOG ILBRNG L FYV# CG IVLCBRVYILEFDPF RFIOLXG @FBN@G L \VF FC OLBNL HVRL@G QFDNR LCEVD@G L @FYPRVNR CLY AVFRXLY @FC ELC RFZRFYFDPL@G ZRFINYL%EFDPF FD FYV

YND FEBLRKG# LIIF@NG OL OLIFR YLIRNANING IGD CL GQFHL ^

CL PFCL RGHL FC L[G CF @NHG \VF YNDG OLINL FC YLIRNANINGL FYV# CGY LKFDPFY @F FYPF YFRNLD CGY \VF CG ELPLRNLD ^LIGRPLRNLD FC PFRENDG @F YV QN@L ^ YVY GBRLY ENYNGDFRLYFD CL PNFRRL DG GBYPLDPF# IGEG ^L FC OLBNL OFIOG YLIRNAN%ING IGD CL GQFHL# YF @FYZFRPLRNL ZLYL@G PRFY @NLY ^ YVALEL CG YGBRFQNQNRNL @FYZVFY \VF OVBNFRL RFKRFYL@G LCINFCG

IVLD@G CCFKG LC EVD@G F NBL L IGEFDXLR YV PRLBLHG @F ZRF%@NILR CL GBHFPNQN@L@ @F CL QFR@L@# CL AGREL FD CL IVLC CLKFDPF QNQNL FD FC INFCG ^ FC LEGR L @NGY ZGR YVY IRNLPV%RLY# FYV YF CF LZLRFING FD VD YVF(G ^ CF L@QNRPNG \VF DNYN\VNFRL @NGY ENYEG OLBNL ZF@N@G FCNENDLR YV NDACVFDINL/CL @F FYV. @F PG@G FC YNYPFEL ZCLDFPLRNG FYV CF @NHG FDFC YVF(G \VF YN DG CF @LBL FC ELIOG ILBRNG FC PFD@RNL \VFFIOLRYF CL IVCZL L YN ENYEG ^L \VF NDACVNFRNL YGBRF YVYYFKVN@GRFY ZLRL \VF CG @FYPRV^FRLD

HF[FYVD DVFQLEFDPF YF DFKG L YFRQNR L FYV BLYL@G FD \VF FCBNFD DVDIL ZG@NL RFD@NRYF LDPF FC ELC

L HF[FYVD RFLCEFDPF CG ELPLRGD PRFY L(GY @FYZVFY @F OLBFRNDNINL@G YV PRLBLHG FD CL PNFRRL

IGEG AVF \VF CG CCLELRGD HF[FYVD%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

YV EL@RF YFIRFPLEFDPF OLBNL N@G L GRVDENCL FD CL QNYZFRL@F CL ZLRPN@L @F G@G LKVPLD OLINL CL PNFRRL ^ CG ZFRYVL@NGZLRL \VF ONINFRL FC YLIRNANING L FYV \VF YV ONHG OLBNLRFOVYL@G OLIFR FCCL CCFKG L CL ILYL @F GRVDENCL IGD FCELIOG ILBRNG HVYPG @FYZVFY \VF FC YGC YF ZVYG GRVDENCL CF@NHG \VF FC PFDNL \VF LRRLDILR 2:< OGHLY @NAFRFDPFY FD FCEGDPF IGD CLY \VF @FBNL CLQLR CL ILBFXL @F YV ONHG FD FCCVKLR YLKRL@G @F FYV IGEG FY NEZGYNBCF CLQLR CL ILBFXL @FVDL ZFRYGDL FD YV LVYFDINL# DG OLBNL EG@G @F RFLCNXLR FCYLIRNANING L FYV IVLD@G CL EVHFR NDYNYPNG \VF GRVDENCL@FBNL NEZRGQNYLR LCKVD LRRFKCG# FC RFZCNIG @NINFD@G \VFCLY OGHLY @FC BGY\VF ^L FYPLBLD @VRENFD@G ^ \VF DG YF CFY@FBNL EGCFYPLR FYPL F_ZRFYNGD FD ^GRVBL YNKDNANIL8"HF[FYVD"# ZGR CG IVLC GRVDENCL @NHG \ VF @FBNL YFR FCDGEBRF @F G@G LKVPLD# PNDYOF GMGEBN GEG GCG@VELRF# IVLD@GCCFKLRL L CL PNFRRL

IGEG HF[FYVD @FBNL ZLRPNR OLINL CL PNFRRL CL EL(LDLYNKVNFDPF# DG OLBNL ZGYNBCN@L@ @F OLIFR FC YLIRNANING LFYV ^ FYPF DVDIL YF RFLCNXG

IVLD@G FYPF G@@VD YLCF FD L@NQNDLINGD ZLRL VD DN(G IGDIF%

BN@G# L CGY ZL@RFY YF CFY @FBFRL @FINR \VF FYPF QNFDF FCEVD@G IGEG VD RFAGREL@GR ZFRG \VF# L EFDGY \VF YF OLKL FCYLIRNANING FYZFINLC ZGR FC# LC NKVLC \VF IGEG YF CF @NHG L


9/222

G@G LKVPLD FD FC INFCG# FC DN(G DG QNQNRL ZLRL IVEZCNR YVPLRFL ^ \VF YV ZGZVCLRN@L@ YGCG ACGRFIFRL @FYZVFY @F CLEVFRPF

CGY PRLBLHGY PFRRFDLCFY @F G^FMVD EF^N%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

FC ONXG L@NQNDLINGD ZLRL FC AVFKG /GCGBL.

LLEV FMV# FHL# L@N^F# MZFCV F[VRF

LEVYOF L ^F GCGBL#

L^F GCGBL MV @V@V@V

[GD CG BFRF CG[G F^N G^F#

MNDN NLLEL EV YOL^F GCGBL

ML^F RF L@N@F

GCGBL /FC AVFKG. YF OLCCLBL FDAFREG ^ YF FYPLBL EVRNFD@G

CL RLPL# FC ZFYIL@G ^ CL KLCCNDL AVFRGD GARFIN@GY FD

YLIRNANING

FC IONQG AVF ELY PLR@F VPNCNXL@G ZLRL OLIFR YLIRNANING ^RFQNQNR LC AVFKG

L ZFYLR @F FYPGY YLIRNANINGY CL FDAFREF@L@ YF ONXG LVDELY KRLQF

L GRVDENCL FDPGDIFY YF CF ZRFKVDPG \VF ZG@NL OLIFRYF ZLRLRFQNPLCNXLR LC AVFKG

@FYZVFY @F CL L@NQNDLINGD# GRVDENCL RFQFCG \VF CL VDNILELDFRL @F PRLFR LC AVFKG @F RFKRFYG L CL QN@L FRL EF@NLD%PF FC VYG @F LIFNPF @F ZLCEL# PRFY ZF@LXGY YFIGY @F DVFX@F MGCL# OGHLY YFILY @F ZLCEL ^ VD KLCCG ZLRL ZRFZLRLR VDYLIRNANING FYZFINLC ZLRL BL(LRCG @FYZVFY @F ZRFZLRLR FCYLIRNANING# GRVDENCL CG CCFQG L VD IRVIF @F ILENDGY ^LCCN CG CLQG @FYZVFY @FC BL(G L GCGBL YF CF CCFQG @F RF%KRFYG L CL ILYL CGY PRFY ZF@LXGY @F DVFX @F MGCL# CLYOGHLY @F ZLCEL ^ FC LIFNPF @F EGCNFRGD HVDPGY ^ IGD FYGYF ELRIG CL ILBFXL @F GCGBL

ZGIG @FYZVFY# YOLDKG CNBFRG FC RL^G FD FC INFCG# CG IVLCNDQGIG L GCGBL @F RFKRFYG L CL QN@L ^ FDIFD@NG FC AVFKG\VF RLZN@LEFDPF @FYLPG VDL IGDACLKRLINGD

FY ZGR FYG \VF L GRVDENCL YF CF LCLBL IGD CL ILDINGD ZGF%EL \VF F_ZRFYL \VF FC AVF CL VDNIL @NQNDN@L@ \VF @FQGCQNG


10/222

CL QN@L LC AVFKG IVLD@G FYPF FYPLBL PLD FDAFREG ^ @FBNC\VF DG ZG@NL \VFELR DNDKVDL IGYL G ZFRYGDL

DG GBYPLDPF# GRVDENCL CF @NHG \VF DVDIL @FBNL ZLKLRCF IGDNDKRLPNPV@ ^ \VF YNFEZRF @FBNL RFIGR@LR CG \VF OLBNL

OFIOG ZGR FC FY ZGR FYPG \VF OLYPL FYPF @NL IVLD@G FCAVFKG FDPRL FD VDL ILYL @GD@F FYPF GRVDENCL# YN YF IGDYV%EF# DG PGILRL FC CVKLR YLKRL@G @F GRVDENCL YNFEZRF OLRLVD INRIVCG LCRF@F@GR @FC CVKLR YLKRL@G FC ZGFEL ILDINGDFY FC FDILDPLENFDPG VPNCNXL@G ZGR CGY YLIFR@GPFY @F NALZLRL LZLKLR FC AVFKG LR@NFD@G IVLD@G FYPL LEFDXLD@G IGDILVYLR CL @FYPRVIINGD

ZGR\VF CGY ONHGY @F G^FMVD EF^N DG VYLD KGRRGY%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

CNKBG CFRF CNKBG

CNKBG DLL RF FRN

CNKBG DLL PNFRN FCF@F VCF

CNKBL DLL RN L[GRN

LNRN FRGD FMGD HFVD EG@VD EG@VD

OL^ QNRPV@ FD FC QLCGR#

FC FC QNKGR CG \VF YF EVCPNZCNIL

CG \VF ZFRENPF \VF CGY IFR@GY

L CLY GQFHLY IVLD@G CCFKLD L VD ZVFBCG

FYPGY YGD CGY DGEBRFY @F CGY L[GYFY \VF ONINFRGD L@NQNDL%INGD ZLRL G^FMVD EF^N FCCGY CF LIGDYFHLRGD \VF ONINFRLYLIRNANING @F EG@G \VF FC ZV@NFRL EVCPNZCNILRYF YF CF@NHG \VF ONINFRL YLIRNANING IGD CLY ILRDFY @F LDNELCFY@GEFYPNIGY ^ @FC EGDPF PLCFY IGEG IFR@GY# KVNDFLY ^ @GYGQFHLY @F ELDFRL \VF YVY OFRELDGY ZV@NFRLD EVCPNZCNILRYFFC ONXG FC YLIRNANING

CGY YLIFR@GPFY ZRFZLRLRGD VDLY @F CLY GQFHLY IGD EF@NIN%DLY# L@NINGDLD@G CLY OGHLY L@FIVL@LY ^ FC N^FRFYVD @FG^FMVD EF^N @FYZVFY @F FYPG# CCFQLRGD L CL GQFHL LC ZNF@F CL ZLCEL @GD@F YF CF BL(G IGD CLY OGHLY ZRFZLRL@LY LG^FMVD EF^N ZFRYGDLCEFDPF YF CF @NHG \VF YF BL(LRL IGDCLY OGHLY LC ZNF @F CL ENYEL ZLCEL FRL VDL ZLCEL HGQFD\VF RFINFDPFEFDPF OLBNL IGEFDXL@G L IRFIFR

@FYZVFY @FC BL(G# CL GCCL ^ YV IGDPFDN@G YF ZVYNFRGD BGILLBLHG ZLRL IVBRNR CL HGQFD ZLCEL @F FCCL YF FYZFRLBL \VFFIOLRL CL GCCL L VD CL@G IVLD@G IRFINFRL AVF LYN IGEGG^FMVD EF^N ACGRFING @FYZVFY @F FIOLR L VD CL@G FC KGRRG

@F CL ZGBRFXL LC ZNF @F CL ZLCEL FY ZGR FYPG \VF YFYVZGDF \VF CGY ONHGY @F G^FMVD EF^N DG VYFD KGRRGY FD YVILBFXL


11/222

G^FMVD EF^N FDPGDIFY PRLHG ZLRL CL ILYL L CL GQFHL BL(L@LCL YFKVD@L GQFHL ^ CGY LDNELCFY'ILRDF RFYPLDPFY YF ZRFZL%RLRGD ^ FDPFRRLRGD FD FC YVFCG @F YV ILYL AVF LYN IGEGCL ILBFXL @F G^FMVD EF^N YF ONXG AVFRPF FC @FHG \VF CLGQFHL YF ZLYFLRL ZGR FC ZVFBCG ENFDPRLY \VF PFDNL BVFDIVN@L@G @F FCCL L EF@N@L \VF CL GQFHL KRL@VLCEFDPF

IGEFDXG L EVCPNZCNILRYF# G^FMVD EF^N PLEBNFD IGEFDXG LEVCPNZCNILRYF FC PVQG QLRNLY FYZGYLY F ONHGY

IVLD@G G^FMVD EF^N YLCF @VRLDPF VDL NDNINLINGD FD VKBGRV#L CL ZFRYGDL YF CF @FBFRL @FINR \VF YV ILBFXL DG FY AVFR%PF \VF @FBFRL YFR CCFQL@G# ZGR CG PLDPG# L VD IRVIF @FILENDGY ZGR VD YLIFR@GPF OLBNCN@GYG \VF IGDGXIL FC GDGNAL /G@NOL. L@FIVL@G IGD VD KLCCG# PRFY ZF@LXGY @F DVFX@F MGCL ^ OGHLY YFILY @F ZLCEL ZLRL LCCN YFR BL(L@GPLEBNFD YF CF @FBFRL @FINR \VF FC FY VDNGD ^ \VF @FBF YFRBL(L@G ZGR L[GYFY FD VD IRVIF @F ILENDGY YN FY ILZLX @FOLIFR YLIRNANING# ZRGYZFRL FD CL PNFRRL YF CF @FBF LIGD%YFHLR \VF IGENFDIF FD CL QN@L IGD CL IRNL @F GQFHLY LIFR@GY# CGY IVLCFY YF @FYLRRGCCLRLD IGD @NEFDYNGDFY @FEL^GR LEZCNPV@

IGEG FHN%G^F YGCVINGDG FC ZRGBCFEL @F CL EVFRPF%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

PLD ZRGDPG IGEG G^FMVD EF^N IGEFDXG L ZRGYZFRLR# CL EVFRPFYF ZVYG PRLY YV RLYPRG @FBN@G L \VF ARFIVFDPFEFDPF YF @NIF\VF CL EVFRPF DG ELPL L VD IONQG \VF DG PFDKL VDL F_NYPFD%INL FYPLBCFIN@L @FC ENYEG EG@G# RLRLEFDPF CL EVFRPF QL@FPRLY @F EFD@NKGY ^ QLKGY FD FC EGEFDPG FD \VF VDL ZFR%

YGDL IGENFDXL L FYILCLR FC LRBGC @F CL ZRGYZFRN@L@ FYIVLD@G CL EVFRPF IGENFDXL L ZFRYFKVNRCG FY ZGR FYPG \VFGRVDENCL @NIF \VF FC ZLYG L CL ZRGYZFRN@L@ ARFIVFDPFEFDPFFY PGRPVGYG ^ @VRG

FD FYPL GILYNGD G^FMVD EF^N IGEFDXG L PFDFR YVF(GY LPFRRG%RNXLDPFY NDQNPG L LCKVDGY @F YVY YVYPNPVPGY L \VF ONINF%RLD L@NQNDLINGD ZLRL FC

CGY L[GYFY \VF NDQNPG YF CCLELBLD8

GMZL KBGVDKBG GVDYON[LHV @V GDL

FYF EFHFHN GDHNHL @V GDL

FCCGY CF @NHFRGD \VF ONINFRL YLIRNANING IGD IVLPRG KLCCN%DLY# IVLPRG RLPLY ^ IVLPRG ZFYIL@GY ZLRL \VF ZV@NFRLYGBRFQNQNR L CLY ELCQL@LY EL\VNDLINGDFY @F CL EVFRPF FD YVIGDPRL FC ONXG FC YLIRNANING ^ FHN%G^F QNQNG OLYPL VDLF@L@ LQLDXL@L YF OL RFQFCL@G \VF FC FD RFLCN@L@ DG EVRNG#ILENDG @F RFKRFYG LC INFCG

IGEG G^FMVD EF^N KLDG ALQGRFY ^ RFKLCGY%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

ZLRL ZG@FR @NYARVPLR CGY ARVPGY @F YV PRLBLHG YND EGCFY%PNLY ^ YND FC RNFYKG L CL ZFDVRNL# G^FMVD EF^N PVQG \VF


12/222

OLIFR GPRG YLIRNANING

@FYZVFY @F GARFIFR VDL RLPL ^ VD ZFYIL@G ZLRL ZRGPFKFRYF@F CL EVFRPF ^ @F CL FDAFREF@L@ YF CF @NHG \VF GARFINFRLVD IFR@G L NAL ^ VD YFKVD@G IONQG L YV ILBFXL FC ONXGCGY YLIRNANINGY ^ YF ONXG PLD RNIG \VF DG ZG@NL IRFFR \VFAVFRL @VF(G @F PG@G CG \VF PFDNL CGY ONHGY @F G^FMVD

EF^N IGD ARFIVFDINL YGD EV^ ZRGYZFRGY @FBN@G L FC YLIRN%ANING OFIOG ZGR FC LC ZRNDINZNG @FC PNFEZG

CGY L[GYFY \VF ONINFRGD L@NQNDLINGD ZLRL FC YF CCLELBLD8

FRGMF NCF LLBFRV KFKFRF ^ FRGMF NCF LBN@N BNRNMZF

FC PLEBNFD @NG ELIOG ILBRNG L FYV# KLCCG L GKKVD ^ PGRPVKLL GYGD^ND YN IGEZRG ZRGYZFRN@L@ @F PG@LY CLY @NQNDN@L@FYZRNDINZLCFY

G^FMVD EF^N YF IGDQNFRPF FD RF^ @F CL DGIOF%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

CLY @NQNDN@L@FY PFDNLD FC OLBNPG @F IFCFBRLR RFVDNGDFYIL@L INDIG @NLY FD VDL @F CLY RFVDNGDFY YF ONXG VDL ZRG%ZGYNINGD @F \VF IL@L VDL @F CLY @NQNDN@L@FY @FBNL @FEGY%PRLR YVY OLXL(LY ZLRL \VF CGY GPRGY CLY QNFRLD ZGR YVCL@G# G^FMVD EF^N YF QLDLKCGRNG @F \VF FC FRL FC VDNIG \VFYLBNL IGEG NEZF@NR \VF CGY KVYLDGY ZFDFPRLRLD FD VDL IGYLZG@RN@L ^ IGEG OLIFR \VF VD LDNELC EVFRPG AVFRL ELY ALEGYG\VF YV F\VNQLCFDPF QNQG YF CF @NHG \VF FD CL ZRG_NEL RFV%DNGD @FBNL @FEGYPRLR CLY ILZLIN@L@FY @FICLRL@LY

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

FD FC @NL YF(LCL@G# FC AVF L CL RFVDNGD IGD VD PLEBGR VD%PL@G IGD VD HLBGD DFKRG FC IVLC AVF FYZFINLCEFDPF ZRFZL%RL@G ZLRL F_ZVCYLR L CLY BRVHLY @FC LEBNFDPF @GD@F VDG YF@FYLRRGCCL FDPGDIFY YF CF CCLEG ZLRL \VF @FEGYPRLRL CGYZVDPGY \VF YF OLBNLD EFDINGDL@G FD CL RFVDNGD LDPFRNGR FCRFYZGD@NG ZRFKVDPLD@G YN LCKVNFD OLBNL FYIVIOL@G FC YGDN@G@FC IONQG QNQG \VF RFINFDPFEFDPF YF OLBNL ZLYFL@G ZGR PG@GFC ZVFBCG VDGY ZGIGY ENFEBRGY IGDANRELRGD \VF OLBNLD FY%IVIOL@G CGY BFRRN@GY @FC IONQG# ZFRG EVIOGY GPRGY F_ZVYNF%RGD \VF DG OLBNLD FYIVIOL@G YGDN@G LCKVDG DVFQLEFDPF# FCZRFKVDPG YN LCKVNFD OLBNL FYIVIOL@G FC YGDN@G @FC PLEBGR\VF OLBNL FYPL@G PGILD@G @VRLDPF CGY @GY VCPNEGY @NLY

PG@GY IGDANRELRGD OLBFR FYIVIOL@G FC YGDN@G @FC PLEBGR#LVD\VF YF ZRFKVDPLRGD IGEG NBL L @FEGYPRLR YV ZVDPG


13/222

FDPGDIFY FC F_ZCNIG \VF FC HLBGD ZFKLHGYG FD CL ILRL @FCPLEBGR FRL FC LDNELC ZG@RN@G \VF DG PFDNL KVYLDGY# ENFD%PRLY \VF FC PLEBGR RFZRFYFDPLBL LC LDNELC EVFRPG \VFYGDLBL ELY LCPG \VF VDG QNQG PG@GY CGY ENFEBRGY IGEZRFD%@NFRGD CGY ZVDPGY ^ LC NDYPLDPF AVF OFIOG RF^ @F CL DGIOF

YN G^FMVD EF^N YLCF FD L@NQNDLINGD @F NMND ZLRL VD OGEBRF#

L FYPF YF CF @FBFRL @FINR \VF GARFXIL VD IONQG EVFRPG LNAL ELPLD@GCG LDPFY @F YFRQNR L NAL IGD FC FYPL FY VDLGARFD@L FYZFINLC @FBN@G L \VF GRVDENCL @FYFL OLIFR VDLRFQFCLINGD YFIRFPL LC OGEBRF

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

L FC G L FCCL PLEBNFD YF CF @FBFRL @FINR \VF YN DG YF CFYOL ZFR@N@G LCKVD @NDFRG# FYPG ZRGDPG YVIF@FRL# LVD\VF DGYF @FBFRLD EGCFYPLR ZGR FYPG ^L \VF CL ZFR@N@L FYPL @FYPN%DL@L L ZLKLR ZGR ILCLEN@L@FY ELY @GCGRGYLY

IGEG G^FMVD EF^N CF ZVYG L@FDNEN L VD DN(G%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

CNNENNMG# ENNENNMG# NFRNENNMGG

EN FHNGKBF ^NG YOF PFFRF MLLRN

CNENMG ENNENMG FRNENMG

EN N[GRN EF^N ^NG YOLBF ANRN^LD


EN N@N EF^N ^NG KBNMV PVFN PVFN


EN GBLRL EF^N ^NG YOGRN PF BFCF


EN GMGDRG EF^N ^NG YOGYF KBFRFKF


EGHF [G G BGD [GG@ YOGRGEN

EFEG PNN ENNMG NL AN G[VD

G^FMVD EF^N ^NG G[VD DVMGD ENENL^F MGBFE BFE


14/222

GEG PGVDBL PN BN DN [L MLPN PFVD L LDMZF CL@FENDN

IVLD@G YLCF FYPL L@NQNDLINGD ZLRL VDL EVHFR FEBLRLXL@L#@F YFKVRG PFD@RL VDL OFEBRL L \VNFD YF CF CCLELRL L@FDN%EN G^FMVD ZRFKVDPG L YVY YFKVN@GRFY8

\VNFD PNFDF VD ANYNIG RGCCNXG ^ IGRZVCFDPG7

FCCGY RFYZGD@NFRGD# FY FHNGKBF7 FC RFYZGD@NG FHNGKBF FYLCPG ZFRG @FCKL@G

FC @NLCGKG IGDPNDVG IGD RFYZFIPG L GPRGY IVLPRG GCG@VY#ZLRL IL@L VDG# G^FMVD RFYZGD@NG8

N[GRN PNFDF ILBFXL KRLD@F ^ ZNFRDLY KGR@LY# ZFRG LB@GEFDZF\VF(G

N@N PNFDF ILBFXL ZF\VF(L ^ ZNFRDLY ZF\VF(LY# ZFRG BLRRNKLKRLD@F

GBLRL PNFDF ILBFXL ZF\VF(L# ZFRG LB@GEFD ^ ZNFRDLY KRLD@FY

GMGDRGD PNFDF ILBFXL KRLD@F ^ FYPGELKG KRLD@F# ZFRG ZNFR%DLY ZF\VF(LY ^ @FYZRGZGRINGDL@LY

G^FMVD EF^N FDPGDIFY LCLR@FG @F \VF DG OLBNL DNDKVD GPRGGCG@V IGD VD ANYNIG YNEFPRNIG @F CL ILBFXL L CGY ZNFY

FY YGCG FC# G^FMVD EF^N# FC \VF FYPL @GPL@G @F VD IVFRZGAGRDN@G @FY@F LRRNBL OLYPL LBLHG FDPGDIFY ZRGICLEG \VFIVLC\VNFRL \VF DLINFRL @VRLDPF FYPF PNFEZG YF CF @FBFRNL&ZL

CCLELR L@FDNEN /"CL IGRGDL RGCCNXL ^ IGRZVCFDPL".

CL YNKDNANILINGD @F FYPF FCGKNG FKGIFDPRNIG YGCG YF ZVF@FLZRFINLR FIOLD@GCF GPRL ENRL@L L CGY YNKDGY @F IL@L VDG@F CGY GCG@VY LDPFRNGREFDPF EFDINGDL@GY

GKBF N[GRN N@N GBLRL GMGDRGD G^FMVDN : N N : :N N : : : :N N : : : :N : N : N :

CGY YNFPF ZRNDINZFY8 CL AGRELINGD @F CL PNFRRL%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

GRLDN^LD FY FC ONHG @F LMLEBN @F G@V@V[L# ZRNEFR RF^ CFKFD%@LRNG @F CGY ^GRVBLY# FC AVF NKVLCEFDPF FC YFKVD@G RF^ ^FC ZL@RF @FC PFRIFR G^LML CCLEL@G PLEBNFD L@L ^ FC IVLRPGYOLDKG GRLDN^LD \VF PFDNL VD PFEZFRLEFDPG KVFRRFRG FYPL%

BCFING CL YGBFRLDNL @F CGY RF^FY ^GRVBLY YGBRF CGY ZLNYFY\VF PFDNLD L G@V@V[L IGEG IGDIFZPG IGEVD


15/222

LCKVDLY IGDIFZINGDFY @NIFD \VF IVLD@G EVRNG LMLEBN CGY ON%HGY YF RFZLRPNFRGD FDPRF FCCGY CGY PFYGRGY ^ RN\VFXLYGCGKBG PVQG CL IGRGDL# LCLMFDPV CGY QFYPN@GY# GHNYF RF^ @FCL ZCLPL# GRLKVD RF^ @F NCFL ^ CGY EL^GRFY GDN YOLKBL CGYRFBL(GY# GCVG ZGZG CLY ZFRCLY ^ DG \VF@G DL@L ELY \VF CLYPNFRRLY ZLRL GRLDN^LD \VNFD YF FDIGDPRLBL FD VDL F_ZF@N%INGD KVFRRFRL FD FC EGEFDPG @F CL RFZLRPNINGD FC YF EGY%

PRG YLPNYAFIOG IGD YV @GPF# ZGR\VF IGEG @VF(G @F CLYPNFRRLY RFINBNRNL @F YVY OFRELDGY @GPFY ^ PRNBVPGY

@F FYPL YVZRFELINL @F GRLDN^LD DGY OL CCFKL@G CL NDAGREL%INGD ZGR FPNIL @F CL YNKVNFDPF CF^FD@L8

LC ZRNDINZNG @FC EVD@G CL PNFRRL DG F_NYPNL# LRRNBL FYPLBLFC INFCG ^ @FBLHG FC LKVL# DNDKVD YFR LDNELBL DN FC INFCGDN CLY LKVLY# FDPGDIFY FC GDNZGPFDPF GCG@VELRF# FC @VF(G@F PG@LY CLY IGYLY# IRFG YNFPF ZRNDINZFY IGRGDL@GY ZLRLLCNFDPG ^ FDPRFDLENFDPG @F CGY ZRNDINZFY= IRFG @FYZVFYYNFPF ILCLBLXLY EV^ KRVFYLY CCFDLY @F YOLBL /ZLZNCCL LBLYF @F ELNX. ^ YNFPF YLIGY @FDPRG @F CGY IVLCFY OLBNLIGDIOLY# ZFRCLY# PNFRRLY# VDL KLCCNDL ^ 2< BLRRLY @F ONFR%RG IRFG PLEBNFD @FDPRG @F VDL PFCL DFKRL VD ZL\VFPF QGCV%ENDGYG @FC \VF DG YF YLBNL CL DLPVRLCFXL# IRFG FD AND VDLIL@FDL EV^ CLRKL CL IVLC LELRRL CLY ZRGQNYNGDFY# CGY PFYG%RGY ^ CGY YNFPF ZRNDINZFY@FHG ILFR PG@G @F CG LCPG @FC INFCG# LC ANDLC @FC QLINGYGCG OLBNL LKVL GCG@VELRF @FY@F CG LCPG @F YV EGRL@L@NVRDL CLDXG VDL DVFX @F ZLCEL \VF IL^G FD FC LKVL# LCEGEFDPG VDL KNKLDPFYIL ZLCEFRL YF FCFQG OLYPL CGY ZRND%INZFY GARFINFD@GCFY LBRNKG# ZLYPG YFKVRG FDPRF YVY RLELY

CGY ZRNDINZFY YF RFAVKNLRGD LCCN ^ YF NDYPLCLRGD# LBLD@G%

DLRGD CL IL@FDL \VF RFEGDPLBLD OLINL FC GEDNZGPFDPF PG@GYFRLD ZRNDINZFY IGRGDL@GY ^ ZGR IGDYNKVNFDPF PG@GY \VFRNLDELD@LR ^ IGEG FYG DG ZG@NL YFR @FIN@NFRGD YFZLRLRYF

CGY EL^GRFY PGELRGD CGY PFYGRGY ^ @FHLRGD L GRLDN^LD IGDFC YLIG @F PFCL DFKRL ^ CGY 2< ZF@LXGY @F ONFRRG# CGYYNFPF ZRNDINZFY YF RFZLRPNFRGD FC @FYIVBRNENFDPG @FDPRG @FCLY RLELY @F CL ZLCEFRL

IVLD@G GRLDN^LD \VF@G YGCG LBRNG FC BVCPG @F PFCL DFKRL ^QNG \VF @FDPRG OLBNL VDL ELPFRNL DFKRL \VF FC DG IGDGINL#FDPGDIFY CL YLIV@NG ^ CL ELPFRNL DFKRL IL^G LC LKVL ^ YFIGDQNRPNG FD VD EGDPNIVCG \VF FEFRKNL @F CL ENYEL CLKLCCNDL QGCG ZLRL ZGYLRYF FD FC EGDPNIVCG ^ IVLD@G CCFKGIGEFDXG L FYILRBLR CL ELPFRNL DFKRL ^ FYPL YF FYZLRING CF%HGY LKRLD@LD@GYF FC EGDPNIVCG ^ FD CVKLR @F LKVL PGEGIVFRZG ^ DLING CL PNFRRL

GRLDN^LD YF ZVYG IGDPFDPG# FDIFRRG FD CL PFCL DFKRL CLY2< BLRRLY @F ONFRRG ^ YF @FIN@NG L @FYIFD@FR YGBRF FC EGD%PNIVCG ^ PGEG ZGYFINGD @F CL PNFRRL# ZFRG CGY YFNY ZRNDIN%ZFY RFYPLDPFY \VNYNFRGD LRRFBLPLRCF CL PNFRRL ^ GRLDN^LDPGEG YVY LRELY /CLY 2< BLRRLY @F ONFRRG. \VF YNKVNFD@G CLQGCVDPL@ @FC PG@GZG@FRGYG YF OLBNLD PRLDYAGREL@G FD CLDXLYQLRNLBCFY# OLIOLY# FPI ^ BCLD@NG VDL FDGREF FYZL@L @F

KRLD ANCG ^ ELY ANCGYL \VF CGY ANDGY IGOGCCGY @F GCGAND ^FC CFY @NHG8 VYPF@FY YF RGBLRGD PG@GY CGY PFYGRGY ^ DG EF@FHLRGD ELY \VF FYPL PNFRRL ^ FYPGY ONFRRGY# CL PNFRRL OL


16/222

IRFIN@G ^ PLEBNFD FYPF ONFRRG# ^ ZLRPNG OLINL LRRNBL @FCGY ZRNDINZFY CGY IVLCFY ZN@NFRGD ICFEFDINL ZN@NFD@GCF\VF CF @FHLRL VDL ZLRPF @F CL PNFRRL ZLRL ZG@FR QNQNR

GRLDN^LD CFY IGDIF@NG CL QN@L ^ CFY @NHG @NRNKNFD@GYF LFYPGY8 VYPF@FY ^ YVY @FYIFD@NFDPFY IL@L L(G QFD@RLD L RFD%@NR OGEFDLHF ^ ZLKLRCF PRNBVPG L CL INV@L@ L AND @F @FEGY%

PRLRCF ^ RFIGR@LRCF \VF OLBNLD RFINBN@G CL KRLINL @F CLQN@L ^ @F CL PNFRRL

GRLDN^LD RF^ @F G^G%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

FY L\VN @GD@F GRLDN^LD YF ONXG RF^ @F G^G ^ YGBFRLDG @FPG@G FC ZLNY ^GRVBL# FY @FINR @F PG@L CL PNFRRL

CL PRL@NINGD IVFDPL \VF FC ZLRPNG @F NAF L CL ILBFXL @FVDL F_ZF@NINGD OLINL FC FYPF ZLRL QFDKLR L YV LBVFCG CLEV%RV@V DG ZV@G CCFQLR YV ZRG^FIPG L ILBG IGD BVFD AND OLBN%FD@G FYPF @F NDPFRRVEZNR CL QNL ZGR VDL NDPFRENDLBCF IG%CVEDL @F OGRENKLY DFKRLY# ILEBNG FC NPNDFRLRNG FD VD CVKLRCCLEL@G NKLD KLD# YVRKNFD@G VDL @NYZVPL IGD YV OFRELDG ZGRVD HLRRG @F IFRQFXL ^ GK@G FC EL^GR \VF CG OLBNL LIGEZL%(L@G# @FHG CL F_ZF@NINGD

GRLDN^LD PRLPG @F YFKVNR L PRLQFY @FC ZLNY PLMVL# ZFRGCGY OLBNPLDPFY @FC CVKLR CF IFRRLRGD FC ILENDG

@FYZVFY ZGR GPRLY @NAFRFDINLY YV ZRNEG LMNHFCF# ONHG @FGRLDN^LD# FC ELY HGQFD @F CGY ONHGY @F G@V@V[L# CG @FHGPLEBNFD ^ AVF L AVD@LR FHNKBG NDYPLCLD@G LCCN L GYOL%KRN(LD# FC GRNYOL @F YV ZL@RF

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

GRLDN^LD AVF IGDIFBN@G FD IGD@NINGDFY EV^ ZLRPNIVCLRFYFD FAFIPG VDL CF^FD@L @NIF8 FC YF IGDQNRPNG PLR@F FDGRNYOL @F CGY KVFRRFRGY ^ @F CGY OFRRFRGY# IGD\VNYPG CLINV@L@ @F GKGAVD# CL YL\VFG ^ PGEG VD NEZGRPLDPF BGPNDVDL ZRNYNGDFRL CCLEL@L LCLMLN^F CF KVYPG ^ PVQG IGD FCCL

RFCLINGDFY LEGRGYLY# ZFRG IVLD@G G@V@V[L CL QNG YF PVRBG^ @FICLRG \VF OLRNL @F FCCL VDL @F CLY EFHGRFY ^ \VFFYZFRLBL \VF DL@NF OVBNFRL LBVYL@G @F FCCL


17/222

GKKVD DG IGDAFYG DL@L ^ DVFQF EFYFY ELY PLR@F GRLDN^LDQFD@RNL LC EVD@G ^ YV IVFRZG FYPLBL @NQN@N@G FD @GYIGCGRFY#BCLDIG L CL @FRFIOL# ZGR\VF G@V@V[L FRL @F ZNFCEV^ ICLRL ^ DFKRG L CL NX\VNFR@L# ZGR\VF GKKVD FRL @F ZNFCDFKRL

FDPGDIFY G@V@V[L F_ICLEG8 GKKVD PV PVQNYPF RFCLINGDFYIGD LCLMLN^F FYF @NL LKRFKL CL CF^FD@L \VF GKKVD IGDAV%@N@G ^ LZVRL@G DG YVZG \VF RFYZGD@FR \VF@LD@G ILCCL@G ^ FY&ZLFD RFIVFR@G @F FYPG \VF CGY YFRQN@GRFY @F NCF NAF FYPLDZNDPL@GY ENPL@ BCLDIG ^ ENPL@ DFKRG

FYF @NL FD FC CVKLR CCLEL@G GMF EGYVD @GD@F GKKVD YVARNGVDL EFPLEGRAGYNY IGDQNRPNFD@GYF FD VDL ZNF@RL RNKN@L# FCGDN# RF^ @F NAF @FYIFD@NFDPF ^ YVIFYGR @F G@V@V[L YGBRF FCPRGDG IRVXLBL YV YLBCF FD YNKDG @F LCNLDXL IGD GYOGKVD# FCYLIFR@GPF GKKVD

FYPL VDNGD FDPRF GKKVD ^ GRLDN^LD FD CL CF^FD@L @F CLIRFLINGD @F CL PNFRRL INPL@L ELY LRRNBL GKKVD YNEBGCNXLCLY IL@FDLY @F ONFRRG# FC YNFEZRF FYPL @FCLDPF ^ LBRF FCILENDG ZGR CLY 2< BLRRLY @F ONFRRG FD CLY IVLCFY FYPLD CLYLRELY @F GRLDN^LD

---


18/222

PRLPL@G FDINICGZF@NIG @F NALG^FMVD EF^N

-G GG GG GG G

RFXG8 GYOFN[GDG GYOFMV GEG GCGMV L[G GDN GKBGDN GKVDKVDVEBG[DNCF GRVDENCL GYGR@F G^N^N FBBG GRND@NCGKVL LBGFMLD GYOFN[GEG MGBG N^LMV FKKVDKVD BLBL LCLKBLDLKBLGMVDN GCFHL NMGDGDN^F PL@LKG LYONMVFCV GLHG G^FMVDL[G MGBG GYG@F GYOFN[GDG GYOFVDCG FKKVD L@NALAVD GEGGCGMVD L[G MLAFRFAVD FKKVD

FD FYPF G@@VD DLIF8%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% CGY HNELKVLY


19/222

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

G^FMVD EF^N FY FC ELY QNFHG @F PG@GY CGY YNKDGY# ZVFYDLING LDPFY \VF FCCGY# FY FC YVZFRQNQNFDPF @FC @FYLYPRF @FCL INQNCNXLINGD LDPFRNGR YF @NIF FD YV GRNMN"G^FMVD ^FMV EL^FMF" \VF \VNFRF @FINR "DGYGPRGY YGEGYIGEZVFYPGY @F QN@L ^ EVFRPF"

G^FMVD EF^N FY VD G@@VD AFEFDNDG FY ONHL @F @GY EVHFRFY8G^LDPLRG ^ GENCGYOF# ZFRG YF @FYIGDGIF @F \VF AGREL FCCLYCL IGDINBNFRGD

G^FMVD EF^N AVF FC \VF NDPRG@VHG L NMV FD FYPF EVD@G ^ @FFC @FZFD@FD CLY LCELY IGD CL EVFRPF ^ CL RFYVRRFIINGD

RFZRFYFDPL L CNYLHV# FC GIIN@FDPF# CL DGIOF ^ CL EVFRPF FYFC \VF YF GIVZL @F CGY IVCPGY AVDFBRFY /NPVPV. ^ PNFDF IGEGL^V@LDPF L YV ONHL G^FMVD BNML

L G^FMVD EF^N YF CF YNDIRFPNXL IGD CL LRL(L ZFCV@L#IVLD@G FYPL ILDPL# YF @NIF \VF RFQNQF CL EVFRPF ^FDPGDIFY FY IVLD@G G^FMVD YF ELDNANFYPL

G^FMVD EF^N FD CL PNFRRL AVF ELY KRLD@F \VF BLBL FHNGKBF

FC ONHG @F G^FMVD FYILZL @F CL FDAFREF@L@ ^ CGYLIIN@FDPFY# DVDIL FY QFDIN@G ZGR CGY FDFENKGY

G^FMVD PNFDF \VF QFR IGD CL LKRNIVCPVRL ZVFY LVD\VF FDGPVRL EF^N YF @NG L IGDGIFR HGRGMGPG# FC DLING @FELRNMGPG \VF FY YV ZL@RF# FC IVLC AVF RF^ FD FCIGDPNDFDPF ZFR@N@G# OG^ PNFRRL @F CL EVFRPF# \VF RNKF

G^FMVD EF^N FYPF RNKF CL CNPGYAFRL G ZGRINGD NDEF@NLPL@FBLHG @F CL IGRPFXL PFRRFYPRF

G^FMVD EF^N FY FC ZL@RNDG @F NRGYG YL# FC @VF(G @F CGYIFRFLCFY

FD FYPF G@@VD AVF @GD@F CGY OGEBRFY LZRFD@NFRGD L IGEFRZFYIL@G FC AVF FC \VF PRLHG FC YFIRFPG @F GRG L CLPNFRRL

L\VN OLBCL CL QFHFX# OLBCL FC FYZNRNPV @F CGY EVFRPGYL\VN FY @GD@F OLBCL FC FYZNRNPV @F CGY HNELKVLY \VF FYVDG YGCG ^ YF FDILRDL FD @GY IVFRZGY @NYPNDPGY# FCYFIRFPG @F G@V@V[L

OLBCL FC EVD@G @F CL EL@FRL ^ CL FYILEL @FC ILNELD

YF AGRELD FD FYPF G@@VD CLY LBFHLY# CGY ZLHLRGY ILDPGRFY#CGY ZCLPLDGY# CGY INPRNIGY# FC ELDKG&ZLFD FYPF YNKDG DG YF ZVF@F IGEFR ZVFRIG# ZVFY CL QNRPV@ @FG^FMVD FYPL FD GARFIFRCF FCF@L LYL@G L YV KVNL ZRGPFIPGR

YV BL(G FY IGD LKVL @F RGYLY# DG YF ZVF@F ZGDFR DL@L

EVFRPG L CGY GRNYOLY L\VN YF ELRIL FBBG IGD LRBGCFYFYZNDGYGY# FYZFINLCEFDPF CL RGYL ARLDIFYL


20/222

YV IGCGR ZLRL QFYPNR FY FC QFR@F ZLCN@G

YV EFPLC FY FC ZCGEG

YV @NL ZRGZNING GHG GBL ENPG /FC YLBL@G.= YV ZCLDFPL FY BL[G/YLPVRDG.= YV GMNMN FY LCLKBL ELPN[G

YF ZL@FIF @F ZLCV@NYEG ^ ANCLRNL YLDKVNDFL# PLEBNFD @FCFYPGELKG YF EVFRF @F VDL @NYZVPL

DLIF FC LPLRF ZLRL FKKVD

DG YF ZVF@F QFYPNR NKVLC L DL@NF DN @F RGHGDG YF ZVF@FD PFDFR KLPGY DN ZFRRGY# DN LQFY RLZLIFY DNLDNELCFY YLCQLHFY

FD FYPF G@@VD YF CF @LD YFNY ILRDFRGY L FKKVD# VDG IL@LYFNY EFYFY ZLRL ZG@FR PFDFR FC ZG@FR @F FKKVD GDNBLRL

FC FYZNRNPV \VF PRLBLHL FD G^FMVD EF^N FY LCFMGYN ^QNQF FD FC LKVL

FC FCFKBL @F FYPF YNKDG CCFQL @GY IVIONCCLY GRNFDPL@LY FDYFDPN@GY GZVFYPGY

YF @NIF \VF FCFKBLRL DLING FD FYPF YNKDG ELRIL CLRKL QN@L#ZFRG IGD CL IGD@NINGD @F \VF DVDIL @FHF @F OLIFR FBBG

FYPL ZFRYGDL DVDIL @FBF FDPRLR YGCL FD FC EGDPF

L\VN CGY OGEBRFY LZRFD@NFRGD L IGEFR ZFIFY AVF FC \VF

PRLHG FC YFIRFPG @F GRVD L CL PNFRRL

L\VN CGY LRBGCFY ONINFRGD FBBG ZLRL \VF DG CGY IGRPLRLD# CGONINFRGD IGD8 LMVMG EF^N# L@NF EF^N @VD @VD# FMV EF^N# LKL@LEF^N# FMG EF^N# NPV EF^N# FYMNHG EF^N# GZGCGZG G[G

YF(LCL CL @NRFIINGD @F CGY EGQNENFDPGY YGINLCFY CL RFLCFXL#CL ZCFDNPV@

L\VN DLING CL LPFEGCFPL

FC FBBG @F FYPF YNKDG QL L VDL ILYL FD RVNDLY# ZLRL \VF FCFYZNRNPV \VF LCCN QNQF CG LIGEZL(F FC FBBG PLEBNFD ZVF@FNR FDPFRRL@G FD VD HGRG HGRG LC ZNF @F VD ZLCG G LRBGC&ZLYFIG

LDVDINL @NYPLDINLENFDPG @F CGY LONHL@GY

YNFEZRF OL^ \VF FYPLR OLINFD@GYF FBBG ZLRL DG ZFR@FR CLYVFRPF

CLY IGYLY ZFRYGDLCFY DG YF ZVF@FD OLBCLR IGD DL@NF

DLING FC YFDPN@G @FC ZV@GR# ZGR FYG CGY YFRFY OVELDGY

IGEFDXLRGD L IVBRNYF IGD ONFRBLY YVY ZLRPFY ZV@FDPLY#@FYZVFY IGD OGHLY# @FYZVFY IGD ZNFCFY# OLYPL CCFKLRL CL RGZL LIPVLC


21/222

CL EF@NINDL @F G^FMVD EF^N FY FC ARLYIG @F G(N L@F /ENFC@F CL PNFRRL.# L CL \VF YF CF RFXL FYPF NAL# YF ZGDF YNFPF@NLY LC YGC ^ FD L^VDLY YF PGEL FD IVIOLRL@LY

YF CF ZGDF L GRVDENCL VD ELIOFPF PNZG LCALDKF @F EL@FRL

OLBCL @F ZFRYGDLY \VF YNFEZRF FYPLD BNFD QFYPN@LY ^ YGDIVN@L@GYLY FD YV LZLRNFDINL

CGY YFIRFPGY DG YF CF ZVF@FD IGDPLR L CLY EVHFRFY ZGR\VFFCCLY RGEZFD CGY HVRLEFDPGY

G^FMVD EF^N FY NAL @F PNDNFBCLY ^ @F IGDIFZPGY @F ZG@FR ^ @F@FYPRVIINGD

ZFRYGDL CCLEL@L L YFR KRLD@F ^ ZFCNKRGYL# ZVFY FC ZG@FR CGYVYL ZLRL FC ELC G OLIF IGYLY PRGIL@LY IGD FC AND @F FDRN%\VFIFRYF RLZN@LEFDPF ^ DG ZLRL FC BNFD @F CL OVELDN@L@

@GD@F CL ZFRYGDL ZNYL FYPL ZG@RN@G ZGR YV ZRGZNL ILVYL# ZVFYDG OL YN@G CFKLC ^ YNDIFRG IGD YVY LONHL@GY ^ ELY @F VDL QFXCGY OL FDKL(L@G ^ OLYPL FYPLAL@G

YVY ALENCNLRFY DG OLD YN@G CFKLCFY IGD VYPF@

V@ PNFDF NDYPNDPG @F ELPLR

DG LBVYF @FC \VF FYPF ILN@G

YGBRF PG@G @FBF RFYZFPLR L YVY ZL@RFY

ZGR FYPF NAL YF CF CFQLDPG G YF CF CFQLDPLRL CL ELDG L CLEL@RF

OF PFDN@G PRFY IGD^VKFY ^ PG@LY OLD PRLPL@G @F @FYPRVNRCG

@LRCF VDL FVRF L GRVDENCL= ZLRL \VNPLRYF PG@G FC LRL^F @FYV IVFRZG BL(LRYF IGD F[F8 \VNPL ELC@NINGD ^ ELCGHL

CL HVYPNINL CG ZFRYNKVF G CG ZFRYFKVNRL YN YF @FYIVN@LYVARNRL VDL ZRNYNGD ZGR CLRKG PNFEZG

FCFKBL @FC YNKDG8 FYOV BG@F

FYOV BG@F8%%%%%%%%%FYPF FY FC KVLR@NFRG @F FKKVD FYPF FY FC \VF LIGEZL(L LCGY FKVDY# ZLRL ALBRNILRCG# CL ELYL @F CL ILRKL YF FIOLYGBRF VD FYZFHNPG

ILRKL8%%%%%PNFRRL @FC IFEFDPFRNG# LXGKVF# CLY > ONFRBLY @F GXLND @FFKKVD8 ELRZLINANIG# LCKLRRGBG# LCBLOLIL# LRPFENYL# ELRLQN%YLCQL@FRL# RGEZF ILENYL# \VNPL ELC@NINGD# FYZLDPL EVFRPG/LBFRNMVDCG.# 9 NKVN AVFRPFY8 RGEZF OVFYGY# RLEGD ^ BGBG#

RLNX @F IFNBL8 @F EGRVRG# @F ZNDG# > N[FRF^F^F# > LPLRF# >YFENCCLY @F ELRLQNCCLY# NDCF @F CLY 0 FY\VNDLY @FC NCF#N^F @F FCFRN ^ ILDNCCLY @F FKKVD EGMFMFRF# VD NDMND GAG#


22/222

CFRN @F LMVMG8 @F F^FCF @F FKKVD FYPG YF FDQVFCQF FD LYOG@VD @VD ^ AVD AVD ^ YF RFIVBRF IGD IFEFDPG

CCFQL PRFY IVIONCCLY IGD VDL HVHV @F LCLMLYG IL@L VDL @FFCCLY# CGY GHGY ^ CL BGIL YGD ILRLIGCFY QNRL@GY FC RFQFYYV NMGMG CCFQL CL YNKVNFDPF LPFDL @F FKKVD ZNDPL@L FD FCAGD@G ^ ZGR YV ZLRPF NDPFRNGR8

: : , : :N N , : :: N , : :: N , : :

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

: : , N NN N , N :: : , N NN N , N N

F[F @FC YNKDG8%%%%%%%%%%%%%ELR ZLINANIG# HGBG# LCKLRRGBG# CNEG# IGRPL@FRL# YLDKRF @F@RLKGD# ZFD@FHFRL ^ KVNRNPG

GBRLY ^ PRLBLHGY @F G^FMVD EF^N%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

FBBG ZLRL \VF CGY FDFENKGY DG CG @FRRGPFD8%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%VD ZF@LXG @F DV@G @F LRBGC# VDL YGKL IGD DV@G# ZCLPG @FBLRRG# VD KLCCG ^ VDL KLCCNDL

FC DV@G @FC LRBGC ^ CL YGKL YF IGCGILD FD FC ZCLPG# FD FCIVLC FC L[G OL FIOL@G LKVL ^ ZCVELY @F CGY LDNELCFY#@FYZVFY YF @FYZGHL L CL ZFRYGDL# CL ZFRYGDL YF CCFQL FCZCLPG ZLRL CL ILYL ^ IGD FC LKVL OLIF LBCVYNGDFY= FCL[G KVLR@L CGY LDNELCFY ^ FC G[G

FBBG ZLRL IGDYFRQLR FC ZG@FR ^ CL QN@L8%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%VD ZFYIL@G# VD ZGCCG HLBL@G# VDL HNILRL# FZG FC ZFYIL@GYF EFPF FD CL HNILRL IGD FC ZGCCG /@FYIVLRPNXL@G QNQG.#ZGR ZF@LXG YF FIOL FD CL HNILRL PG@G YF @FHL FD FC EGDPFZVFY FC FBBG YF OLIF CFHGY @F CL ILYL

FBBG ZLRL LCLRKLR CL QN@L8%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%YFNY FPV# YFNY ELD@LRRNLY# G[G CL EFAL

@FYZVFY @FC FBBG# CLY ELD@LRRNLY QLD FDINEL @F NAL

FBBG ZLRL IFRRLR CL AGYL @F NMV8


23/222

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%VDL ILDLYPL# VDL BGCL @F LRINCCL# VD IONQG FYPF FBBG YFOLIF FD CL ILYL @FC L[G= CL BGCL @F LRINCCL YF EFPF FD CLILDLYPL# IGCGIL@L @FCLDPF @F NAL# FC IONQG YF @FKGCCLFDINEL @F CL ILDLYPL# FIOLD@G CL YLDKRF @FDPRG @F FYPLFDYFKVN@L YF YLIL FYPL AVFRL @F CL ILYL# YF EFPF FD VDOVFIG ^ YF PLZL

FBBG ZLRL LCFHLR CL EVFRPF8%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%VDL ILXVFCL CCFDL @F DFKRG @F OVEG# VD EFPRG @F PFCLBCLDIL# VDG @F PFCL DFKRL# VDL EF@NLDL ZNDPL@L @FDFKRG# VDL ILXVFCL CCFDL @F ILYILRNCCL# VD ZL(G @F PFCL @FYLIG# VDL KLCCNDL DFKRL# VDL BCLDIL# VD MGN@F

FC L[G ZNDPL @FDPRG @F CL PNDLHL FC YNKDG G^VMVD EF^N ^LYN IGD PG@GY CGY NDKRF@NFDPFY @FC FBBG @F RNKGR FD FCPLBCFRG= @FYZVFY IGKF CL PNDLHL DFKRL ^ CL EFPF @FDPRG @FCL ILXVFCNPL @F OVEG ^ CL FDQVFCQF IGD CL PFCL DFKRL=CL ILXVFCNPL IGD FAVD YF IGCGIL YGBRF FC ZL(G @F YLIG ^CL FDQVFCQF FD CL PFCL BCLDIL# FYPG YF CCLEL YFFQN# ^CLY ZCVELY RGHLY @F CGRG CG RFELPL PG@G

CL L@NF @VD @VD YF ELPL YGBRF FC BVCPG DFKRG ^ CL AVDAVD YGBRF FC BCLDIG

FD VD YFD@FRG FD FC ILEZG YF LBRF VD OVFIG# YF FDPNFRRL CLPNDLHL DFKRL# YF RFCCFDL @F ELNX ^ YF @FZGYNPL YGBRF FYPGFC YNEBGCG BCLDIG LC CL@G @F FYPG YF ZGDF FC PLBCFRG^ YF CF FIOL N^FAL# YF ZLRPF LC EF@NG# ^ FD FC CL@G@FRFIOG YF ZGDF FHNGKBF ^ FD FC NX\VNFR@G G^FMVD

YF RFXL FD LEBGY YNKDGY# FC N^FAL @F FHNGKBF YF FIOLZRNEFRG ^ FC @F G^FMVD @FYZVFY FYPF FBBG YNRQF ZLRLFHNGKBF# ZFRG FDPGDIFY YF OLIF LC RFQFY

FYPG ZFRENPF FDQNLR L NMV LC INFCG# RFZRFYFDPL@L ZGRG^FMVD EF^N ^ ELD@LR L YV YVYPNPVPG \VF FY FHNGKBF L CLPNFRRL

ZLRL IGDYFRQLR FC ZG@FR8%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%YF ZGDF @FDPRG @F VDL NKBL VD F^L PVPV FEBLRRL@G FD FZG ^YF IGCGIL ARFDPF L GYLND YF OLIF YLRL^F^G IGD VD GYNL@NFHLBL@G# YF @FYIVLRPNXL QNQG ^ YF FIOL @FDPRG @F CL NKBLYF CF @L GBN GEN PVPV L GYLND ^ YF CCFQL LC EGDPFYF CF ZGDF L FKKVD ZVFRIG LYL@G ^ @FYZVFY BL(LRYF IGD LKVL@F RGYLY

FBBG8%%%%VD IONQG# VDL HNILRL# LELCL ^ FZG

FBBG8%%%%@NFINYFNY LBG# FMV NKDN /EL@FRL @F LRBGC YFIG.# ILRFPL

LYOG AVD AVD# PFCL @F LRL(L# VD ELIOFPF# KBGKBG PFDV^FD

FBBG8


24/222

%%%%/FYPF YF OLIF YNFEZRF FD VD NAL. GZGCGZG FZG# GZGCGZGFAVD# GZGCGZG GYVD# L@NF GMLD# F^FCF GMLD# FMV# F^F#L[L@G# LYOF AVD AVD# LYOF ZVZVL# GPN# ELRN[G# GZGCGZGG[G# GPL FCFBG

DGPL8 LDPFY @F IGEFDXLR FC FBBG L CL HNILRL YF CF

FYIRNBF @FDPRG FC YNKDG G^FMVD# FYPG YF OLIF IGDFAVD# GYVD ^ YLDKRF @F PG@GY CGY LDNELCFY YF CF @LF^FRBLCF LC FBBG CCLELD@G L YOLDKG# ^ GCGAND DG YFZRFKVDPL FC @FYPNDG YNFEZRF QL L VDL ZLCEL

FBBG8%%%%LMVMG EF^N# F^F EF^N# L@NF EF^N @VD @VD# ELIOFPF EF^N#PLEBGRFY EF^N# FMV EF^N# FZG EF^N# L[L@G# $


25/222

@FELY NDKRF@NFDPFY YF ZGDFD 2< NDMND NAL# FYPG YFFDPNFRRL IGD GKKVD ^ YOLDKG FC FBBG PLEBNFD QLFDPFRRL@G FD FYF HGRG HGRG

NDYOF8%%%%%FC NDYOF @F FYPF NAL FY VD LKBGRLD IGD AGREL @F F^L

PVPV \VF YF ILRKL IGD CFRN @F F^L GRG# CFRN @F F^LBG# ZLCG EGRVRG# FRV# GBN# MGCL## GYVD# LNRL YF CLQL#IGEF ^ QNQF IGD YOLDKG \VF AVF FC \VF PVQG FC LYOF @F@LR L IGDGIFR FC ZFYIL@G FD FC EVD@G ZLRL YLCQLR L CLOVELDN@L@

YFIRFPG @FC F^L PVPG L YOLDKG8%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%YF ZGDF L YOLDKG FD FC YVFCG ^ @FDPRG @F CL BLPFL YF ZGDFG^FMVD EF^N ^ YF RFXL8

"BLBL LKBL CG@F GCGAND L@VZVF BLBL YOLDKG ^FRF AGBLF GCGANDDN YOLDKG LMLKLELYN GCVG LKKL^V (L(L LRL(L GCVANDL LMLDMNGMF GBL GRN GBL DN YOLDKG VD^FD ELAVD F^L DNRF DN YOLDKGF^L EG^NRF F^L GBL FMVD DN YOLDKG GBL@N CG@G YOLDKG"

FBBG8 @GY F^L PVPG# ZNDPVRL @F ILYILRNCCL# CFRN @F F^L GRG#VDL KGPNIL @F GYV# VD ZG\VNPG @F N^F @F EGRVRG# GPN ^VD KLCCG

IFRFEGDNL8@FDPRG @F CL BLPFL YF ZGDF G^FMVD EF^N ^ FD FC YVFCG PLEBNFD^ YF IVBRF IGD LRFDL \VF PLEBNFD YF CF @L F^FRBLCF# YF PLZL L

YOLDKG IGD


26/222

RFXGY ^ YV^FRFY%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

RFXG8%%%%BLBL G^FMVD EF^N LRNMV EL@L[L F^G GKKVD YNKVD EGCFZGRGRF^LRVD G(N ZG VD BLBLCL[G L@NALAVD GKBF GCV[G LKGKG#LBG CFBG

RFXG8%%%%BLBL G^FMVD EF^N BLBL GCGAND G^V NDCF FKBL DN^FRVDFKBL LMVF CFCF YOLDKG GMG GEG LBBL L^F G[G GRND@NCVKVDBF[L G^FMV NAL YOLDKG LPFAL G@@VD NAL GMVF @LRLGRVDENCL DN CLRF NAL G@LRL BLBL EGMNG YOLDKG EGRLRLGBBL GMVFCFCF G^FMV EF^N BG^GEN[G L[G MVFCFCF BLBLGCGAND GRVDENCL L^G^F GRVD GEN BLRKLBLDN CFKVD

RFXG8%%%%G^FMVD EF^N BLBL G^F@N L@NALAVD BLRFGMG G^G G^NEN AVDGMLDL RFAV GMV@L

RFXG8%%%%L@NALAVD YOLDKG G^N^N GZGD F^L PVPV FMVL@G F^L PVPVF^NKVEFMVD LRV^F GPFDVRF L^F LN^F IGD^F LNMV GAG LRVDNMV GZL DN FKVDKVD MGZGDN YOLDKG MGZGDN GCGAND F^LBLPVPG VEBG [LN^F YFMVD G@LRL CG@LAVD YOLDKG F^LGEGCGRVD MLAFRFAVD GCF^F MLAFRFAVD GCGAND

RFXG8%%%%L^L^L GEGDNAVD LAGD BLCF BFCFCF NRGMN L@NALAVD L[G^FDNGEGCVDN GRVD GYOVD L[GDN GRVBG DLPGRN GEG GKBGDN GAGHNGEN GYN GKBG FRN LPVMFYOV GPVD MLMLRL FBBG ^LAVD L[GDG(N NAL NDCF GYOVD GBL^F[G BF[L GBLCV L^F GEGCV GRVDENCLGRVD CLCL GYOVD MLAFRFAVD GBLCV L^F MLAFRFAVD GRVDENCL

RFXG8%%%%N[G G^F FENG^F G^F YOFYOFDCL BGCGMF L[GYOF BG^VEG DNEGL@NALAVD F^L PNDYOGEG [G CL@F G@G L[GDN F^L GRVBG L[GDNZNZG DNRF GEG@F YOVKBG BGRVMG MGRVBG LRF^F MGRV GDN BL[GCL[G GPL LYOFCF GDNRLD LRL[G GEG GVD CLCF G@G GZL[GCFMF GZL FYOV CGCF G[GRVD (L(L BN FDNPN GDNMV GMGPNGYOFBG PGEG LRL^F @N@F L[G DL[G GMG L@L LPN GKBVD L[GYF G@V L[G YNBFRF YNKBGDG NKBL PG ENPLCF( F^L LPN L[G

GEG GRF DN L[G GEG LRBLEV L[G LKBL YNAN LKBLCFRN N(LLYOF FYOV DN MG^FBN L[G GEG F^L GCF FCL^F LYOVKBG PNPN@GDN GCGDN L[G GEG LRL^F NMG L[G GEG F^LDN


27/222

RFXG8%%%%GMVDN MNLKF MFMG ELEV GEN CG[G NDCF YONYOF ELDV GEGNDYOF NCF CG@LAVD GRVDENCL L@NALAVD GMVDN MLAFRFAVD

GYOF@L

RFXG8%%%%BLBL G^N^N EF^N L@NMV EL@L[L AGAG AGRG YFKVD EGCLFKKVD GCVG LKGKG GRLDN^LD YOLDKG BLBL L^LZL EGCVAF GZLGRLDN^LD GEG GMVDN LMNG LCLBLRL ELDL ELDL YOLDKG YOLDKGG^L ENDN BLBL LCLANL GBL F^G CLEGRVD NAF LCGRVD GCG^GGBLDN^LD GBGDNBGYOF LMNDAL L@NF [L[LYOF PN LKVFEL LMVLG@V@V[L [L[LYOF PNBGDN LYOF GYOL CG[L GYOLKRN(LD LNKLDNDCF NBLRNBL F^GCL GRLDN^LD GBL LCLN^FCVDL

YV^FRF8%%%%%%F^G ZLZL AGIOG [LG YLPGRN LBGRFDYF BGBGNMV ZLMGCFZLLPGRN

YV^FRF8%%%%%%BLBL NMV GYOFV[GEG GYOF VDCG FKVDKVD

@NIF NAL8%%%%%%%%

\VF @GD@F VYPF@ QNQF OL^ @GY ZFRYGDLY# \VF CF @VFCFD CLILBFXL /BLRRNKL. VDG OL YG(L@G IGD VD YLDPG# PNFDF VDLRGZL \VF PFD@RL \VF OLIFR RGKLINGD IGD FCCL# ZLRL\VNPLRYF CL EVFRPF @F FDINEL @FCF KRLINLY L YOLDKG LVYPF@ CF RFKLCLRGD VDL ELDPL @F ACFIGY VYPF@FY YGDPRFY OFRELDGY ^ VD LENKG= DG YF ZGDKL RGZL @F CNYPLY#FYF LENKG YF QNYPF NKVLC NKVLC \VF VYPF@# DG YF YNKLDQNYPNFD@G NKVLCFY# ZGR\VF CL EVFRPF FYPL @FPRLY @F YVYLENKG ^ CG ZVF@F IGDAVD@NR PFDKL IVN@L@G IGD VD DN(G\VF OL^ FD YV NCF# DG QL^LD L PFDFR IGDPRLPNFEZGYGNKLD CGY IGDYFHGY \VF CF @LD# ZGR\VF VYPF@ PNFDF QFIFY\VF DG OLIF ILYG VYPF@ PNFDF VD @NYKVYPG ^ \VF ZLRL\VF DG ZNFR@L YV QLCN@FX# V@ YNFEZRF FYPL @FBNFD@G CLNCF ^ FD FYL NCF FD \VF V@ QNQF ILFD KGPFRLY# EV@FYFLCCL OL^ VDL ZFRYGDL \VF PNFDF YLDPGY ^ LC CL@G @F YVNCF OL^ VDL ZFRYGDL \VF FYPL FDAFREL# \VF YN DG OLIFRGKLINGD YF ZVF@F EGRNR FD FC @NYKVYPG \VF VYPF@ PVQG\VNYG \VF CF @NFRLD VDL YLPNYALINGD VYPF@ PNFDF \VFOLIFR RGKLINGD IGD CL ELDPL \VF CF RFKLCLRGD G FCQFYPN@G# ZLRL OLIFR \VF CL EVFRPF YF LCFHF# ZGR\VFYOLDKG DG \VNFRF \VF VYPF@ YF EVFRL

RFARLDFY8%%%%%%%%


28/222


29/222

CGY RFIL@GY# ZFRG LC ENYEG PNFEZG RFINBNL RFKL(GY @F IL@LICNFDPF @GD@F FC LZRFD@NX DG ZG@NL @FYZFRPLR LC ONHG @FYOLDKG

CCFKG FC @NL FD \VF FC LZRFD@NX YF ILDYG @F CL CVIOLIGD CL KFDPF ZGR IVCZL @F YV LEG# ^ CF @NHG L FYPF \VF DGFYPLBL @NYZVFYPG L YGZGRPLR ELY CGY RFKL(GY# FDPGDIFY FC

ELFYPRG CG @FYZN@NG

FC LZRFD@NX YF AVF ^ ZVYG VD DFKGING @F OFRRLENFDPLYYND YFR GZFRLRNG FC DFKGING CF AVF BNFD= ENFDPRLY \VF LCONHG @F YOLDKG CF FEZFXG L NR ELC ^L \VF CL KFDPFNDIGDAGREFY DG CF ELD@LBLD L OLIFR CGY PRLBLHGY FYPFFDAFREG ^ AVF L QFR L GRVDENCL# ^L \VF FC ZFDYLBL \VF CG\VF CF FYPLBL ZLYLD@G FRL ZGR\VF FC LZRFD@NX CF FYPLBLOLINFD@G BRVHFRNL GRVDENCL CG F_LENDG ^ CF @NHG \VF PG@GCG \VF CF FYPLBL ZLYLD@G FRL @FBN@G L CL ELCL ZRGZLKLD@L\VF CF OLBNLD OFIOG# VDN@G L CLY ELCLY CFDKVLY ^CGY ELCGY GHGY YGBRF FC# \VF ONINFRL FBBG ZLRL \VF YFZV@NFRL YFDPNR BNFD @F YLCV@# ZFRG DG ZLRL ZRGYZFRLR FDFC DFKGING @F OFRRLENFDPLY @F YLDPG

2% FC ZGR\VF G^FMVD YF GIVZL @F CL DGIOF%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

ZLPLMND8

FD FYPF ILENDG IVLD@G GRLKVD IRFG FC EVD@G# FDPRF PNDNFBCLYCCLEG L G^FMVD ^ CF @NHG8 "^G PF QG^ L @LR VDL ICLRN@L@# PVLBRNRLY CLY ZVFRPLY @F CL CVX ^ CLY @FHLRLY LBNFRPLY ZLRL

\VF CL CVX CCFKVF L PG@LY CLY IRNLPVRLY @FC EVD@G" CFRFIGEFD@G L G^FMVD DG PGELR DVDIL BFBN@LY ^ CG ONXG KVLR%@NLD @F CL CVX ^ CL ICLRN@L@ @FC @NL

FC LD@LBL FD YVY GIVZLINGDFY IGD YV OFRELDG FHNGKBF# VD@NL GRKLDNXLRGD VD AFYPND ZLRL IFCFBRLR \VF GCGAND NBL L@LRCF FC ZG@FR LBYGCVPG L G^FMVD

G^FMVD NDQNPG L PG@GY L BFBFR# NDICVYG PGEG OLYPL FEBGRRL%IOLRYF# YF ZVYG YV BGDFPF OLYPL CLY GRFHLY ^ YF \VF@G@GREN@G FHNGKBF LZRGQFIOG ZLRL NR @GD@F GCGAND ^&ZLQLCNFD@GYF @F \VF FYPF DG QFNL BNFD# YF ONXG @VF(G @FCZG@FR LBYGCVPG# \VF@LD@G G^FMVD ZGR YV @FHL@FX ^ GCQN@G @FCLY L@QFRPFDINLY RF@VIN@G L YFR VD YNRQNFDPF @F FHNGKBF

VD @NL FHNGKBF CF @NIF L GCGAND8 "G^FMVD FY EN OFRELDG#ZGR ILVYL @F CL ALCPL IGEFPN@L CG OLD RF@VIN@G L YNRQNFDPF#ZG@RNLY PV @LRCF VDL GIVZLINGD7" GCGAND CF @NHG8 ^L \VFPV FRFY FC KVLR@NLD @FC @NL FC YFRL FC @F CL DGIOF# ZGRFYG @FY@F FYF @NL G^FMVD IGELD@L CL DGIOF

9% @GD@F DLIF @LRCF @F IGEFR L FKKVD ^ L NMV%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


30/222

FBBG8 VD IONQG# VDL HNILRL# LELCL ^ FZG

ZLPLMND8

FD FYPF ILENDG CL ZRNEFRL EVHFR @F NAL LKBG FDQNG LCEFRIL@G L YV ZF\VF(L ONHL LCFVBL IGD CL ENYNGD @FIGEZRLRCF VD ZFYIL@G

LC CCFKLR# FD PG@G FC EFRIL@G OLBNL VD YGCG ZFYIL@G ^@FCLDPF @F CL QFD@F@GRL YF FDIGDPRLBL VDL EVHFR QNFHL# \VFFRL CL EL@RF @F MVMFPF /CL EVFRPF.# \VF YV ONHL OLBNLFDQNL@G NKVLCEFDPF LC EFRIL@G ZLRL \VF CF IGEZRLRL VDZFYIL@G

LCFVBL LRRLDIG @F CLY ELDGY @F CL QNFHL FC ZFYIL@G \VFFCCL OLBNL IGEZRL@G ^ FD AGREL RFQGCPGYL FYILZG IGD FC ^AVF L QFR L YV ZL@RF ^ CF IGDPG CG \VF OLBNL OFIOG ZLRLYLPNYALIFR L YV EL@RF ELCIRNL@L8 @NHG NAL# OG^ PV OLYRGPG EN ILYL# ZGR\VF PV OLY @NYZVPL@G IGD CL EL@RF @F CLEVFRPF

FDPGDIFY GRVDENCL ONXG GYG@F ^ YLCNG G^FMVD EF^N#ELRILD@G FC FBBG ND@NIL@G# FDPGDIFY FC @FKGCCG FC IONQGFIOLD@G CL YLDKRF FD CL HNILRL ^ FIOG LCKVDGY ZFCGYLRRLDIL@GY LC LDNELC FC IONQG YF IGINDL ^ CL ZLYPL @FLELCL ^ FZG YF ZRFZLRL EFXICG CL ZLYPL ^ VD ZGIG @F CLILRDF IGINDL@L IGD CL YLDKRF# ^ FDYFKVN@L IGCGIG CLHNILRL @FCLDPF @F YV ZGRPLC

MVMFPF CCFKG ZLRL QFDKLR# LPLD@G L GRVDENCL# FC NDYVCPGOFIOG L YV EL@RF# ZFRG FC LYZFIPG @FC IGDPFDN@G @F CLHNILRL CF KVYPG ^ IGENG LQN@LEFDPF OLRPLD@GYF ^ ^L

CCFDL YF LCFHG GCQN@LD@GYF @F YV QFDKLDXL

0% DLING FAF FC ELDLPN%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

ZLPLMND8

FD FYPF ILENDG FD FC RNG QNQNL VD KRLD LDNELC FC IVLCPFDNL EF@NG IVFRZG @F OGEBRF ^ EF@NG IVFRZG @F ZFX# FCIVLC RFINBNL FC DGEBRF @F FAF

IVLD@G CLY KFDPFY YF FDPFRLRGD @F FYPG LPFRRGRNXL@GYAVFRGD L ENRLRYF IGD GRVDENCL ^ CFY YLCNG FC G@@VDG^FMVD EF^N# @GD@F GRVDENCL CFY @NHG \VF NAL @FINL \VFZLRL ILZPVRLR FYF ALDPLYEL OLBNL \VF FYZFRLR L \VF FCYVBNFRL @FC AGD@G @FC ELR L CL YVZFRANINF L IGEFRONFRBL# L@FELY \VF FDPGDIFY L YVY GAL /LRZGDFY. OLBNL\VF LPLRCFY VD GXLND G ELKNL ZLRL ZG@FRCG ILZPVRLR

\VF YV ILRDF YF IGENFRL ZFRG YVY OVFYGY YGCG YFVPNCNXLRLD IGEG GBHFPG @F L@GRLINGD @F GCGMVD= \VF FYPFFRL VD OGEBRF \VF OLBNL DLIN@G FD FDHNCCF ZFRG \VF

OLBNL YN@G RF^ @F CFGD# @GD@F QNQNLD YVY ONHGY \VF FRL@VF(G @F LMLRF ^ YGDVKLKKL ^ \VF FRL FC ENYEG GCGMVD#ZVFY FRL @VF(G @F CGY KVFCF@@N \VF CGY ELD@NKLY CG


31/222

CCLELBLD EL ^ CGY OLVYYV L@HGDLYN CG ONINFRGD CGY LKVL@G ^ ZRFZLRLRGD FC L@F @FGCGMVD

6% DLINFRGD CLY OGDRLY AVDFBRFY

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

RFXG8 GYOFN[GDG GYOFMV GEG GCGMV L[G GDN GKBGDNGKVDKVD VEBG[DNCF GRVDENCL GYGR@F G^N^N FBBGGRND@NCGKVL LBG FMLD GYOFN[GEG MGBG N^LMV FKKVDKVD BLBL LCLKBLDLKBL GMVDN GCFHL NMGDGDN^FPL@LKG LYONMVFCV GLHG GCGMVD L[G MGBG GYG@FGYOFN[GDG GYOFVDCG FKKVD L@NALAVD GEG GCGMVD L[GMLAFRFAVD FKKVD

FBBG8


32/222

GYOFN[GEG LC QFR FYG IGKF VD ELIOFPF ^ IGRPL CL RLEL\VF CG LZRFYLBL ^ CFDPLEFDPF CLY PFCLRL(LY ILFD YGBRF FCMKVLKVL \VF FDILRDLBL L YV BLBLRF= FDPGDIFY GYOFN[GEG YFCFQLDPL ^ RFKRFYL L PGILR YV NCF ZFRG FC FKVDKVD @F BLBLRFCG PGEL ZGR FC BRLXG ^ CF @NIF8 "ONHG ENG# PV OLY QNYPG CLEVFRPF# FYL RLEL \VF PV IGRPLYPF FRL YGCG VDLEFPLEGRAGYNY \VF RFLCNXG LYONMVFCV ZLRL QFDKLR L NAL

ZGR PV ALCPL @F RFYZFPG ^ ^G LDPFY @F QFRPF OVENCCL@GZRFANFRG \VF \VF QFDKLY IGDENKG LC RFNDG @F CGY FKVDKVD"#@GD@F GBBL FRL NMV LCLYOF GDL ^ FC L@NQNDG FRL BLBLG^FMVD EF^N

FC BLBLRF FKVDKVD ILDPLBL LYN IVLD@G YF CG CCFQLBLD8

"BLBL NMV GYOFN[GEG GYOF VDCG FKVDKVD""PF PNFDFY \VF NR IGD FC"

DGPL8 L\VN FY @GD@F G^FMVD EF^N FY FC BLBLCL[G @F CLPNFRRL @F CGY FKVDKVD

1% DLING CL FYIRNPVRL FD FC EVD@G%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

RFXG8 BLBL G^FMVD EF^N BLBL GCGAND G^V NDCF FKBLDN^FRVD FKBL LMVF CFCF YOLDKG GMG GEG LBBL L^F G[GGRND@NCVKVD BF[L G^FMV NAL YOLDKG LPFAL G@@VD NALGMVF @LRL GRVDENCL DN CLRF NAL G@LRL BLBLEGMNG YOLDKG EGRLRL GBBL GMVFCFCF G^FMVD EF^NBG^GEN[G L[G MVFCFCF BLBL GCGAND GRVDENCL L^G^F

GRVD GEN BLRKLBLDN CFKVD

FBBG8 /FYPF YF OLIF YNFEZRF FD VD NAL. GZGCGZG FZG#GZGCGZG FAVD# GZGCGZG GYVD# L@NF GMLD# F^FCFGMLD# FMV# F^L# L[L@G# LYOG AVD AVD# LYOGZVZVL# GPN# ELRN[G# GZGCGZG G[G# GPL FCFBG

DGPL8 LDPFY @F IGEFDXLR FC FBBG L CL HNILRL YF CFFYIRNBF @FDPRG FC YNKDG G^FMVD# FYPG YF OLIF IGDFAVD# GYVD ^ YLDKRF @F PG@GY CGY LDNELCFY YF CF@L F^FRBLCF LC FBBG CCLELD@G L YOLDKG# ^GCGAND DG YF ZRFKVDPL FC @FYPNDG YNFEZRF QL L VDLZLCEL

ZLPLMND8

L GCGAND CF OLBNLD IGDPL@G \VF FD CL PNFRRL @F LKBLDN^FRVD OLBNL VD L[G \VF YF CCLELBL GKBL LMVFCFCF \VNFDFRL ONHG @F YOLDKG VD @NL GCGAND CCFKG L FYL PNFRRL ^ LCCCFKLR YF FDIGDPRG PG@G CG IGDPRLRNG @F CG \VF CF OLBNLD@NIOG ZVFY CLY KFDPFY @F L\VFC CVKLR YGCG YF FDPFD@NLDZGR YF(LY# OLBCLBLD EV^ ELC ^ FYIRNBNLD FD CL PNFRRL# ZFRGL\VFCCL FYIRNPVRL DG CF YFRQNL ZLRL FDPFR@FRYF DNIGEVDNILRYF ZGR\VF IVLD@G YGZCLBL FC QNFDPG YF CCFQLBL

CL FYIRNPVRL

GCGAND \VF LD@LBL BVYILD@G VD KRLD YFIRFPG \VF@G EV^


33/222

@NYKVYPL@G ZGR CG \VF OLBNL QNYPG FD CL PNFRRL @F LBBLDN^FRVD ^ YF AVF @F LCCN# ZGR FC ILENDG NBL ILDPLD@G8

"BLBL BL^FMVD CGRVD LPFAL GEG ^LRF LANPFMV ^L^FDNGCGAND GANPFMV"

GCGAND CCFKG L CL PNFRRL LKBL L^F ^ YF FDIGDPRG IGD \VF

CLY ZFRYGDLY \VF LCCN QNQNLD FRLD FKVDY# FYPGY PFDNLD CLIGYPVEBRF @F OLIFR YVY FYIRNPVRLY FD CLY ZNF@RLY# ZFRGQFDNLD CLY LKVLY ^ CLY BGRRLBLD

GCGAND YNKVNG @NYKVYPL@G ^ YF AVF ZLRL YV ILYL YNFEZRFIGD FC ZFDYLENFDPG \VF LCKVD @NL FDIGDPRLRNL CL AGREL @F\VF F_NYPNFRL CL KRLD FYIRNPVRL \VF ZFRENPNFYF OLIFRIGDYLKRLINGDFY ^ \VF CGY OVELDGY LZRFD@NFRLD L FYIRNBNR FDFC EVD@G ZLRL \VF F_NYPNFRLD CGY PFYPLEFDPGY&ZLVD @NL GCGAND L CLY @GIF @FC @NL IGKNG VDL F^FCF YFCNEZNG ^ GBGRN# @FYZVFY YF LIGYPG L @GRENR ZFRG EV^PRNYPF ^ ZRFGIVZL@G ZGR\VF FD L\VFC EVD@G DG F_NYPNLD CLYFYIRNPVRLY DN CGY PFYPLEFDPGY ^ DG OLBNL IGDANRELINGD @FDL@L GCGAND YF ZVYG L YG(LR \VF FC PFDNL \VF NR L CLPNFRRL BG[L G^FMVD @GD@F FC \VNXLY ZV@NFRL FDIGDPRLRCG \VF FYPLBL BVYILD@G ZLRL ZG@FR OLIFR CGY AVD@LEFDPGY@F NAL ^ @F PG@G

LC YNKVNFDPF @NL GCGAND YLCNG ILENDLD@G ZLRL VDL PNFRRLZFRG @FYIGDANL@G IGD CG \VF FYPLBL ZLYLD@G CCFQLBL FCL[G EF@NCGKVD ZLRL \VF CG LIGEZL(LRL# ZGR FC ILENDGNBLD PGILD@G ILEZLDNCCLY ^ GCGAND NBL RFXLD@G FCYNKVNFDPF YV^FRF8

"L[G @NRF L[G L[G CL^F DN^FL[N @NRF L[G CL^F DN^F BLBL GRVD"

YOLDKG \VF FYPLBL FD CL PNFRRL BG[L G^FMVD FYIVIOG LGCGAND ^ FDYFKVN@L FEZFXG L PGILR LYOFRF ^ ZRFZLRG VDLHNILRL IGD FAVD ^ GPRL IGD GYVD= IVLD@G GCGAND CCFKGYOLDKG CF @NG EGAGRNBLCF ^ CF ZRFKVDPG8 "EN ZL@RF#@NKLEF CG \VF VYPF@ \VNFRF7"# GCGAND CF IGDPFYPG8 CG\VF ^G \VNFRG DG CG OF ZG@N@G FDIGDPRLR DN FD FC ILENDG DNFD FC EVD@G= YOLDKG CF @NHG8 \VF@FYF L @GRENR L\VN FYPLDGIOF \VF EL(LDL V@ CG PFD@RL PG@G

IVLD@G GCGAND QFDNL ZGR FC ILENDG LDPFY @F CCFKLR L CLPNFRRL BG[L G^FMVD# CF GR@FDG L L[G EF@NCGKVD \VF QFDNLIGD FC \VF YF FYIGD@NFRL FDPRF CLY ZLCELY \VF ZGR LCCNOLBNL ZLRL \VF YOLDKG DG YVZNFRL \VF FC QFDNLLIGEZL(LD@GCG

GCGAND LIIF@NFD@G L CL YGCNINPV@ @F YOLDKG YF \VF@G L@GRENR FYL DGIOF LCCN ZGR CL EL@RVKL@L YOLDKG YFCFQLDPG ^ @F VDL ZLCEL PVEBL@L \VF FC PFDNL YLIG VDZF@LXG @F PLBCL ^ CL FYIGD@NG FD CL ILYL IVLD@G GCGAND@FYZFRPG L CLY 08:: LE# YOLDKG YF CF ZRFYFDPG ^ YFNDIG LDPF FC ^ CF @NHG8 L\VN PNFDF V@ VDL @F CLY IGYLY\VF DFIFYNPL ZLRL FC AVD@LEFDPG ^ FD FYPL GPRL ELDG

PRLNKG CG @FELY \VF V@ DFIFYNPL ZFRG LDPFY QG^ LIGDYLKRLR L LMVFCFCF ^ HVDPGY GCGAND ^ YOLDKG YFIGDYLKRLRGD


34/222

PG@G CG \VF YOLDKG FYPLBL OLINFD@G PFDNL L GCGAND EV^ZRFGIVZL@G ^ PLEBNFD EV^ FEGINGDL@G FYPG BLBL GCGAND#@NHG YOLDKG# YFRQNRL ZLRL CLY KRLD@FY IGDYLKRLINGDFY @F VDLPFAL ^ YND FYPG V@ DG ZG@RL FYPLR FYPG FY VD KRLDYFIRFPG FC IVLC CG PFD@RL VYPF@ FYIGD@N@G= GCGANDFYIVIOLBL PG@G CG \VF YOLDKG CF @FINL ZFRG L ZFYLR @F

FCCG DG FYPLBL IGDPFDPG FDPGDIFY YOLDKG FEZFXG L CCLELR8

"BLBL GR@LRL NAL CL(NRF NAL GR@LRL L[G CGDNRF YOLDKGBN GCGAND NAL GR@LRL GR@VD GR@LRL"

YOLDKG YF NDIG @F RG@NCCLY @NINFD@G @F GCGANDYGYPFDNFD@G FD CL ELDG VD ZLCNPG @F ELRN[G ^ CF @NHGL GCGAND8 VYPF@ IGEZRGBLRL LOGRL FC ZGR\VF V@ QL LPFDFR PG@G CG \VF DFIFYNPL ^ FYPG \VF QG^ L FYIRNBNRL\VN PFD@RL FC YNKDNANIL@G @F V@ ENYEG YOLDKG LIPGYFKVN@G ONXG


35/222

GRVDENCL CF @NHG L CGY LRBGCFY \VF ONINFRLD FBBG ZGR VDLIGYL ELCL \VF QFDNL CL EL^GRNL @F CGY LRBGCFY DG CFONINFRGD ILYG# YGCLEFDPF FC HGBG# FC ELRZLINANIG ^ FC____# GBF@FINFRGD F ONINFRGD FC FBBG LC ZGIG PNFEZG YFZRFYFDPG VD PFEZGRLC @F LKVL ^ LRRLDIG CGY LRBGCFY=PG@GY CGY \VF ONINFRGD FC FBBG YF YLCQLRGD

?% IVLD@G CGY HGQFDFY \VNYNFRGD YLBFR ELY \VF CGYELFYPRGY'%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

ZLPLMND

FD VD PNFEZG CGY EVIOLIOGY PRLBLHLBLD IGD CGY QNFHGY FDCLY IGDYPRVIINGDFY @F CGY NCF# OLYPL \VF CCFKG VD @NL FD\VF CGY EVIOLIOGY IRF^FRGD YLBFR ^L CG YVANINFDPF ^ IGEGKLDLBLD ZGIG @NDFRG# @FIN@NFRGD YFZLRLRYF ^ OLIFR CGYPRLBLHGY ZGR YV IVFDPL= FEZFXLRGD L RFLCNXLR PRLBLHGY ELYBLRLPGY ZFRG YVIF@NL \VF IVLD@G CCGQNL CLY GBRLY YFQFDNLD LC YVFCG= AVFRGD PLDPLY CLY ZRGPFYPLY \VFCCFKLRGD L GN@GY @F GCGAND# FD @GD@F FYPF CCLEG L VDGY ^L GPRGY

GCGAND GR@FDG \VF IL@L VDG ALBRNILRL VD NCF# \VF@LD@GELC CGY EVIOLIOGY GCGAND CF ZRFKVDPG L CGY QNFHGY FD\VF IGDYNYPNL FYG# ^ FCCGY CF RFYZGD@NFRGD \VF CGYEVIOLIOGY ZGDNLD PG@LY CL PFHLY BGIL LRRNBL FD QFX @FOLIFRCG# VDL BGIL LBLHG ^ GPRL BGIL LRRNBL# ZLRL AGRELR FC

ILDLC

@FY@F FDPGDIFY CGY GRVBG /QNFHGY. YGD CGY \VF LVPGRNXLD LCGY EVIOLIOGY IGEG GZFRLRNGY

>% CGY OFRELDGY%%%%%%%%%%%%

RFXG8 G^FMVD EF^N BLBL G^F@N L@NALAVD BLRFGMG G^G G^NENAVD GMLDL RFAV GMV@L

YV^FRF8 "F^G ZLZL AGIOG [LGYLPGRN LBGRFDYF BGBGNMV ZLMGCFZL LPGRN"

ZLPLMND8

F^N@F ^ BLRFMGMG FRLD @GY OFRELDGY= BLRFMGMG FRL FC ELYIONIG ^ CCFQG L CL ILYL @F YVY OFRELDG VDL GBNDN \VFFRL YF(GRL# IGD CL \VF YF NBL L ILYLR# ZFRG DFIFYNPLBL@NDFRG ^ ZGR FYPF EGPNQG CL CCFQG# PFDNFD@GCL LCCN YFNY VGIOG EFYFY# ENFDPRLY LRRFKCLBL PG@G

IVLD@G AVF L BVYILRCL F^N@F CF @NHG \VF FCCL DG \VFRNLILYLRYF IGD FC BLRFMGMG DG YF IGDAGREG IGD CG \VF CF@NHG YV OFRELDG ^ YV DGQNL= AVF LC NCF @F GRVDENCL ZLRL


36/222

\VF CF LICLRLRL FC ENYPFRNG ^ YLBFR \VF PFDNL \VFOLIFR

GRVDENCL CF QNG FYPF NAL ^ CF @NHG FBBG F^FNCF# YF CLY@NG L YOLDKG LC ZGIG PNFEZG OVBG VD AVFKG FD ILYL @FF^N@F ^ CL \VF FRL DGQNL @F BLRFMGMG PVQG \VF YLCNROV^FD@G IGD VD DN(G \VF OLBNL @L@G L CVX @F F^N@F FC

IVLC OLBNL GANMLCF PRVZGD IGD CL EVIOLIOL# ^ CG FYPLBLGIVCPLD@G PG@G ZFRG YOLDKG @FYIVBRNG FC ENYPFRNG ^BLRFMGMG YF FDPFRG @F PG@G ^ YF ILYG IGD GPRL

LC ZGIG PNFEZG F^N@F BGPG L CL EVHFR IGD FC DN(G ^ PVQG\VF NR L CGY ZNFY @F BLRFMGMG ZGR\VF YF QNG EV^ ELC

DGPL8 FYPL ZLRPF YF PGEL YFKVD QFDKL OLBCLD@G FC NAL=YN QNFDF GYGRBG ZVF@F YFR VDL PRLEZL IGD VDL GBNDNG IGD IVLC\VNFR GPRL IGYL YN QNFDF AGRF YF QNRL LCRFQFY ^ YF QVFCQF BVFDG PG@G IGD GYGRBG ND@NILPRLNINGDFY# FZN@FENLY

OL^ \VF @LRCF LKBG L YOLDKG ^ L GCGMVDFC YV^FRF YF RFZNPF > @NLY


37/222

IFRIL @F CLY ELYLY @F LKVL# PLDPG @VCIF IGEG YLCL@LZVFY KRLD@FY EGDYPRVGY ZGBCLBLD CLY PNFRRLY ^ OLINLD CLQN@L NEZGYNBCF L CGY ZRNEFRGY OLBNPLDPFY

FD AND# CGY YFRFY OVELDGY YVARNLD EVIOG ^L \VF PG@GYYVY ZRGBCFELY FRLD ZGR CL ILRFYPNL @F VD LCNEFDPG \VFAVFRL YVANINFDPFEFDPF DVPRNPNQG ZLRL YGYPFDFR CLY

DFIFYN@L@FY @F CGY OVELDGY FYPGY \VF FRLD @NRNKN@GY FDL\VFC PNFEZG ZGR CGY NEGCFY \VF @FYZVFY ZLYLRGD L YFRGRNYOLY# IGEFDXLRGD L YVZCNILRCF# @NRNKN@GY ZGR FYPGYNEGCFY L GCGAND ZLRL \VF PVQNFRL ICFEFDINL @F YVYONHGY

YOLDKG PVQG CL QNRPV@ @F YFR FYIVIOL@G FD YVY RVFKGYZGR GCGAND# ^ FYPF CF @NHG \VF CF GARFINFRL L CLOVELDN@L@ VD LCNEFDPG \VF DG YF IGDGINL DN LVD FD CLPNFRRL# FC RNG ^ FC ELR FYPF FRL FC F^L PVPV# @GD@FGCGAND CF FDPRFKG L YOLDKG VD LKBGRLD @F FYL IRNLPVRLZLRL \VF CL IGDYFRQLRL ^ IGD FC ZV@NFRL CGKRLR CLZFRZFPVLINGD @FC ELDPFDNENFDPG @F CL OVELDN@L@ @F CGYONHGY @F GCGAND

FDPGDIFY QNDNFRGD L CL PNFRRL FD AGREL @F CCVQNL PG@LYCLY ICLYFY @F F^L PVPV @GD@F CL OVELDN@L@ PVQG CLGZGRPVDN@L@ @F ZRGBLR YVY ILRDFY \VF IGD FC PNFEZGIGDPRNBV^FRGD L AGRPLCFIFR YVY OVFYGY ^ IFRFBRGY IGD CGIVLC ZV@NFRGD NR ZRGKRFYLD@G FD YV QN@L ^ LCILDXLR CGYZVFYPGY \VF GCGAND @FYNKDLBL L CGY YFRFY OVELDGY FDIRFLINGD

FDPRF FYPGY ZFIFY OVBG @GY \VF YF @NYPNDKVNFRGD ZGR YFRCGY IGDPFDF@GRFY @F CGY YFIRFPGY IFRILDGY @F CL RFCNKNGD

ZRNENPNQL @F CGY YFRFY OVELDGY# FPGY AVFRGD8 F^L BG /FCZLRKG. ^ F^L GRG /CL KVLBNDL.

L CL QFX \VF FYPGY ZFIFY PG@GY CGY @FELY YF AVFRGDEVCPNZCNILD@G FD CLY @NYPNDPLY LKVLY PLDPG YLCL@LY IGEG@VCIFY# IRFLD@G ZGR FCCGY IGD CL QGCVDPL@ @F GCGAND ^KRLINLY L YOLDKG# VDL AVFDPF @F LCNEFDPG EV^ NEZGRPLDPFZLRL CL OVELDN@L@

DGPL8 FYPF NAL YF(LCL @FYILCINANILINGD G YFL PNYNY ^VCIFRLY ZGR @FANINFDINL @F LENDGLIN@GY OLBCLPLEBNFD CL ZNGRRFL NDAFIINGDFY FYPGELILCFY ^ @F CLYLDKRFRFIGENFD@L YGZL @F ZFYIL@G ^ KLCCNDL ^ IGEFR (LEFIGEFR (LEF IGEG LCNEFDPG @F GR@FD KFDFRLC FD FYPFNAL AVF @GD@F YF IGDGING FC ZFYIL@G FD FC EVD@G


38/222

GKBGDN GAGHN GEN GYN GKBG FRN LPVMFYOV GPVDMLMLRL FBBG ^LAVD L[GD G(N NAL NDCF GYOVD GBL^F[GBF[L GBLCV L^F GEGCV GRVDENCL GRVD CLCL GYOVDMLAFRFAVD GBLCV L^F MLAFRFAVD GRVDENCL

FBBG8 INDIG PNDLHNPLY @F @NYPNDPGY PLEL(GY# @GY L@NFLMVFRN# @GY L@NF @VD @VD# @GY LMVMG# @GY F^FCF# VD

BLYPGD# VDL ILYNPL# KBGKBG PFDV^FD# GZGCGZG G[G

ZLPLMND8

FD CL PNFRRL GRVD DNCF QNQNL GYOVD L[G^FEN# CL IVLC FRLVDL EVHFR EV^ BFCCL \VF PFDNL EVIOGY ZRFPFD@NFDPFY

FCCL PRLBLHLBL CL GBRL FYZNRNPVLC ^ IVRLBL L PG@GY CGYOLBNPLDPFY @F FYL PNFRRL ^ DG LIFZPLBL CGY RF\VFRNENFDPGY@F DNDKVDG @F YVY ZRFPFD@NFDPFY L ZFYLR @F YFR FYPGYPLD ZG@FRGYGY IGEG FYOV

VD @NL FCCL YF AVF L ILYL @F GRVDENCL ZGR\VF YVYFDLEGRL@GY FRLD EV^ NEZFRPNDFDPFY ^ CF YLCNG FYPF NAL@GD@F @FINL \VF FCCL PFDNL \VF OLIFR FBBG L FYOV ZLRL \VFDG YVARNFRL VD LIIN@FDPF FD YV QN@L

GYOVD CF @NHG L GRVDCL8 FYOV FY EN FDFENKG# ^G DG\VNFRG DN PRLPLRCG# ^ DG ONXG FBBGYOVRF ^ YF ILYG IGDYOLDKG# ^ FYOV ZLRL QFDKLRYF ZRFZLRG LAGYOF GKV ^IVLD@G FCCL ZLYLBL YF CG PNRG FD CL QNYPL ^ CL @FHGINFKL

GYOVD OLBNL PFDN@G EVIOGY ONHGY IGD YOLDKG# PLDPGY \VF ^LDG ILBNLD FD LC ILYL ^ FYPGY CL YLILRGD AVFRL LC QFRCL

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

GRVDENCL ^ GBLCVL^F CF FIOLRGD YV BFD@NINGD ^ CF @NHFRGD#@FY@F LOGRL YFRLY GYOVD L[G^FEN L^LBL L[GEN /GYOVD CL \VFL@NQNDL ZGR FC LKVL. QNFD@G GYOVD LVD\VF INFKL L PRLQFY@F VD QLYG @F LKVL# L@NQNDLD@GCF L CL KFDPF IGEG LDPFY

DGPL8 L\VN DLING FC L@NQNDLR G ENRLR IGD VD QLYG @F LKVLFYPL GYOVD CCFQL FD CLY PNDLHNPLY VD GPL @F CLILRN@L@ /ENDFRLC.# VD IGRLC# VD LEBLR# VD LXLBL%IOF# VD L@L MFMF# GYVD# GBN EGPN[LG# CFRN L@NF#

LPNPLD NCFQNQF FDPRF GRVDENCL ^ YLD CLXLRG# YF CF ZGDFARFDPF VDL IGZL KRLD@F @F LKVL @F RNG# LKVL BFD@N%


39/222

PL# LKVL @F ZGXG# \VF FY CL ICLRNQN@FDINL FYZNRN%PVLC IGD VDL ZNF@RL @F LCVEBRF @FDPRG

DGPL8 CGY LDNELCFY @FC FBBG YGD8 CGY LMVMG ZLRL FYO:V ^YLD CLXLRG# CLY L@NF @VD @VD ZLRL GRVDENCL# CLYLMVFRN ZLRL GYOVD

YF CF ZGDF FBBG YOVRF L FYOV


40/222

FYPG CCFKLRGD FYOV ^ YOLDKG ^ LC QFR \VF CGY OGEBRFYPFDNLD NYOV YLCIGIOL@G CFY @NHFRGD8 IGINDFDCGY IGD FYFNYOV ^ IGELDYFCGY \VF FY VD KRLD LCNEFDPG ^ FYPG AVF VDELD@LENFDPG ZLRL CGY OGEBRFY

DGPL8 L\VN AVF @GD@F FYOV ZRFQNDG CL IGEZCFPL LDN\VNCL%INGD @F PG@LY CLY FYZFINFY @F ZFIFY FD CL PNFRRL


41/222

LKVL ^ YF CL CCFQLRGD L GRVDENCL ^ FYPF CFY @NHG8 CFYALCPL VD YFIRFPG# PRLNKLEF ZLHL YFIL ^ @FHFDEF VDLQLYNHL# G PNDLHL

GRVDENCL LEGDPGDG CL ZLHL YFIL ^ EFPNG CL PNDLHL LONFDIFD@NFD@GCF AVFKG L CL ZLHL ^ CFY @NHG \VF QGCQNFRLD@FDPRG @F PRFY @NLY ZLRL FDYF(LRCFY FC YFIRFPG FC

AVFKG AVF IGINDLD@G FC BLRRG# IVLD@G FCCGY CCFKLRGDGRVDENCL IGKNG CL PNDLHL \VF FYPLBL @VRL ^ YGDLBL BNFD CLCCFDG @F LKVL ^ QNFRGD \VF FC LKVL \VF@G NDPLIPL#GRVDENCL NDYPRV^G L CGY OGEBRFY FD CGY YFIRFPGY @F CLLCALRFRNL FCFKBL @NHG8 "FYPG ZLYG ZGR\VF DN FD CLPNFRRL# DN FD FC LKVL OLD OFIOG FBBG"# ZGR FYG FCCGYPNFDFD \VF ZLYLR ZGR FC AVFKG ZLRL \VF YNRQLD# FYPF FY FCKRLD YFIRFPG @F G^FMVD EF^N FDPGDIFY CGY OGEBRFY CFILDPLRGD L YV NAL8

"GAVDEL[L NELRF GMVDNG^FMVD EF^N BLBL ELCNZGG^FMVD EF^N BLBL ELCNZG"

^ \VNFD CF @NG L CGY OGEBRFY FC NDKFDNG "G^FMVD EF^N FCZL@RF @FC EVD@G"

DGPL8 L\VN DLINFRGD PG@LY CLY IVCPVRLY IFRLENYPLY FDFC @FYLRRGCCG @F CL OVELDN@L@

FYPF G@@VD AVF @FC KRVZG \VF ZGR FDILRKG @F GCG@VELRFIGDYPRV^FRGD FC @FYLRRGCCG @FC YFR OVELDG


42/222

DGPL8 DG CCFQL DN OGHLY @F ELCLDKL DN FMG# ZGR\VF LCZRNDINZNG @FC EVD@G DG OLBNL ZCLDPLY FC HNG HNG YFLELRRL L CL IL@FDL ^ YF ZGDF L \VF RLYZF CL PNFRRL ^ FCLRRFINAF \VF QL @FDPRG @F VDL HNILRL IGD LKVL @F ELR ^YF CF @L FC HNG HNG L CL ZFRYGDL \VF FYPL OLINFD@G FCFBBG ZLRL \VF CG LKVLDPF ^ DG YF ELPL YNDG YF IRNL

FYPG YF @FBF L \VF FD FC ZRNDINZNG @FC EVD@G DG OLBNLPNFRRL ^ GCGMVD IGKNG VDL IL@FDL ^ LELRRG LC HNG HNGZLRL \VF AVFRL RG@LD@G ^ LYN YVRKNG CL PNFRRL CLIL@FDL RFZRFYFDPL CL VDNGD FDPRF FC INFCG ^ CL PNFRRL ^FYPG FY ZRG@VIPG @F \VF FC ZGCCG LDPFY @F IGEFR FYILRBL^ FYPL IL@FDL FY CL ENYEL \VF GPVRL EF^N FCFKBL IGRPLIVLD@G VDL ZLRPF @FC ELR QFDNL L RGBLR L CL PNFRRL ZGRFYG YF ILDPL8"L[FPGDNRFG CFRN L[L [F# BGKBG [LDN YOG[F^F"

ZLPLMND8

L GRLDN^LD# GCGAND CG ONXG QFDNR L CL PNFRRL ZGR\VF ^LOLBNLD QFDN@G


43/222

F_PFD@FRYF ZGR CL PNFRRL ^ IGKNG YVY NMNDFY NAL ^ YFQNG G^FMVD EF^N @GD@F FC YF ZVYG L ILENDG F NBLILDPLD@G8

"L^LCGRVD NAF YOLDKG GBLCGBF KBGKBG GYOL [L[L"

FD FC ILENDG YF FDIGDPRG IGD VD KRVZG @F OGRENKLY

BRLQLY \VF CF IFRRLRGD FC ILENDG ^ PVQG \VF ILEBNLR FCRVEBG ^ CCFKG L CL PNFRRL ^LDKLD# L\VN PG@GY YVY OFRELDGYCG LBLD@GDLRGD ^ YNKVNG ZGR PG@L CL PNFRRL= IGKNG FCILENDG PLMVL ZFRG CL KFDPF @F LON DG CG @FHLRGD ZLYLR

FDPGDIFY FC CCFKG L CL PNFRRL NBLRNBL ^ LON ZRFZLRG VDNDYOF GXLND \VF YF CCLEG PGVKVD ^ PFDNL AGREL @F LKVFEL ^CF ZVYG CL CFRN @F VDL F^FCF ^ IVLD@G GRLDN^LD YNKVNG FCELHL ^ CCFKG L VDL PNFRRL ANREF ^ CCLEG L GCG^G ^ LONZVYG L YOLDKG ^ QGCQNG L NDCF NAF ^ RF@GD@FG CL PNFRRL#FDPGDIFY CF @NHG L CL KFDPF @F NDCF NAF8 ^G ^L EF QG^#IL@L QFX \VF QL^LD L IGDYLKRLR L LCKVNFD FD YFIRFPG @FNDMND NAL# PNFDFD \VF CCLELREF L EN ^ L GMFHLD ^ IVLD@GVDL KVFRRL YF LQFINDF PNFDFD \VF CCLELREF FD YV @FAFDYL ^CG OLRLD LYN8

"LMN GPVD LMN GYN LMN DNCF LMN CGKVD GKKVD [LYOFCG(NG"

ZLYG VD PNFEZG ^ QNDG CL KVFRRL ^ FCCGY CG CCLELRGD ^GRLDN^LD \VF FRL CL YGEBRL# YLCPG ^ CCFKG L NAF ^FYPLBLD IGDYLDKRLD@G LC GRN@GF FC IGKNG CGY NDMND NAL ^ CGZVYG L CL @FRFIOL @GD@F @FINL8

"LMN GPVD LMN GYN LMN DNCF LMN CGKVD

[LRL [LRL L@FCF DNAL GRG MLDYOFRG DNCF"

@FYZVFY L CL NX\VNFR@L8

"[LRL [LRL L@FCF DNAL GRG MLDYOGRG DNCF"

FC CG IFRRG PG@G ^ YF CG FDPRFKG L GKBF YL ZLRL IGDYLKRLRL CGY ONHGY @F GRVDENCL @FYZVFY \VF CG IGDYLKRG L CGY ?@NLY RFIGKNG CGY RFYPGY ^ YF CGY @NG L NRFPF MVPLDZLRL \VF CG FDPFRRLRL ^ CF @NG FC LMVMG \VF FC PFDNL ^YF CG IGENG GMFHLD ^ GKKVD @GD@F FC ILDPLBL8

"CL^F CL^F CL^FELCL^F CL^F CLANAN"

@FYZVFY \VF PLZLRGD FC HGRG HGRG FC IGKNG FC GENFRG @FF[F ZLNLYLEN ^ F[F LPGRN ^ CF CLQG CLY ELDGY L PG@GYENFDPRLY ILDPLBLD8

"[L[L [L[L MGRN FCFKVF@F MGMG FCFKVF@F CGDLL[LDL [LDL MGRN MGRN"

LYN DNDKVDL ILBFXL YF ZFR@NG ZGR FC YFIRFPG @F CLPNFRRL


44/222

" --- "

PRLPL@G FDINICGZF@NIG @F NAL

G^FMVD DNCGKBF-

N GN GN GN G

RFXG8 ^FMVD DNCGBF BLBL LELCV MGEL LRVKBG DNYOF FMVDBL^F LQLCG BGKBG DNYOF L^LCG GVD BNY^F GEG@F BL^LGEL LRVKBG DNPV L^F YOF GBNAND GBNAL MGDNDNBG

FD FYPF G@@VD DLIF8%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


45/222

@FCF LMVMG L FYOV ^ RVFKVFCF L CGY NBF^NY IGD NYGKVN/ARVPLY @F LRBGCFY.DG @FBF @FYZRFINLR L DNDKVD YLDPG

CF KVYPL FC YNCFDING ^ CL PRLD\VNCN@L@

IVN@FYF CL @FDPL@VRL ^ CL BGIL

DG ZGRANF IGD DL@NF ZGR\VF ZNFR@F

VYPF@ DG ZVF@F NDKFRNR BFBN@LY LCIGOGCNILY

YN FY EVHFR8 LBGRPG VDL BLRRNKL ^ DG OL \VF@L@G BNFD

L\VN FC INFCG ^ CL PNFRRL DG ONINFRGD FBBG# DN CF ZLKLRGDPRNBVPG L GXLND ^ ZGR FYG QNDG CL ENYFRNL LC EVD@G

IVLD@G YF QF FYPF NAL YF OLBCL @F LCKVNFD \VF YF LOGKG FDFC ELR# OLBCL @F YLDKRF \VF QLRNL @F IGCGR ^ @F AVFRXL

PNFDF IGYL @F EVFRPG ^ VDL ZRFD@L ELC OFIOL

IVN@FYF FC ONKL@G

L\VN FC \VF OLIF @F ILBFXL @F ILYL DVDIL @FYILDYL

FD FYPF NAL DG YF IONACL ^ ZVF@F OLBFR ILEBNG @F ILBFXL

IVLD@G YF QF FYPF NAL# YF CF @NIF L ZFRYGDL8 \VF @NYKVYPGVYPF@ OL ZRGQGIL@G FD YV ILYL# \VF OL OFIOG ILEBNLR CLIGCGILINGD @F CLY QNIFRLY L VDL ZFRYGDL G L QLRNLY ZFRYG%DLY# FYL ALENCNL FY LOGRL YV FDFENKL

CL KFDPF CG FEZVHL# DG IRVIF YGBRF OG^GY

DG ZNFDYF FD YVNIN@NG

OLBCL @F @GY GBNDN

VDG @F YV ILYL VYL LRELY

L VYPF@ YF CF YVBF CL YLDKRF L CL ILBFXL

VDL QFX NDPFDPG PNRLRYF LC ELR G L VD ZGXG# ZGR ILVYL @FYVY FDFENKGY

OLKL FBBG ZLRL \VF ZVF@L PFDFR ONHGY

ZLKVFCF L YOLDKG CG \VF CF @FBF= YOLDKG RFICLEL VDGARFINENFDPG \VF DG CF OLD IVEZCN@G ^ ZGR FYG VYPF@ FYPLLPRLYL@G

L\VN YOLDKG @L ILD@FCL# DG YLCKL L CL ILCCF @F DGIOFZGR\VF CG ZVF@FD ZRFD@FR ZGR RGBG G ZGR F\VNQGILINGD

PNFDF \VF OLIFR FBBG ZLRL \VF V@ ^ YV OFRELDG DG YF

CFQLDPFD CLY ELDGY

V@ PNFDF VD ALENCNLR \VF FY IGHG ^ VYL BLYPGD ^ VDG


46/222

\VF PRLBLHL IGD ELIOFPF ^ BLYPGD ^ FY \VNEBNYFRG ^ FYILBFXL @F ALENCNL

FD CL ILYL YF FDAFRELRL VDG ^ DG QLD L PFDFR @NDFRG ZLRLEF@NINDLY

V@ FY AFCGD# PNFDF \VF OLIFR NAL ^ RFINBNR G@V@V[L ^ L

CGY NBF^NY# PNFDF RGKLINGD ZFD@NFDPF @FCF @F IGEFR LYV LDKFC KVLR@NLD

@FCF KRLINLY L CGY NBF^NY ^ OLKLCF VDL ZN(LPL L CGYEVIOLIOGY

L\VN FY ZGR\VF CGY PLEBGRFY DG PGILD @F KRLPNY

L FCFKBLRL YF CF ZGDF PRFY ZNPGY

FC INFCG ^ CL PNFRRL DG ONINFRGD FBBG CF ZLKLRGD PRNBVPG LGYLND# ^ ZGR FYG QNDG CL ENYFRNL @FC EVD@G

DG YF IGEF ONKL@G

CL RGKLINGD @F CL CFRN FY IGD ZLCGEL ZFR@NXYF QNQF OLYPL F@L@ LQLDXL@L

YF OLIF FBBG IGD RGYLY @F IGCGRFY ^ L^FCF EF^N# @FYZVFY YF\VFEL ^ YF VYL IGEG N^FAL BL(GY IGD OGHLY @F INRVFCLYLELRNCCLY# QNDG YFIG ^ LKVL @F N^LCGR@F YF CF ZGDF LGYOVD


47/222

L\VN OLBCL FC ILENDG @FC L[G @F CL PNFRRL ^ FC L[G @FCINFCG

ZLRL RFYGCQFR ZRGBCFELY @F YLCV@ YF CF @L L FKKVD VD GBN^ VD LMVMG

FYPF G@@VD OLBCL @FC IGEFRINLDPF \VF @LBL CNEGYDLY IVLD@GCF ZF@NLD ^ ENFDPRLY CLY @LBL ^ LPFD@NL L GRVDENCLZRGYZFRG

FC FBBG @F FYPF NAL ZLRL \VF @F RFYVCPL@G OL^ \VF CCFQLRCGL YV @FYPNDG# @GD@F @FBF FYPLR 6 ENDVPGY LDPFY @F CLY


48/222

FBBG8%%%%LMVMG# L@NF# LYOG \VF PNFDF ZVFYPL# FMV# F^L# L[L@G#FZG ^ $19:

FBBG8%%%%F^L# FZG# YLC# IFDNXL# ELDN# F^FCF ^ $19: L CLY 1 ZE YFYLCV@L L FCFKBL FD CL ZVFRPL ^ YF FIOL GEN YVYALENCNLRFY

ZLRL KLDLR VD HVNING8%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%VD GYNL@NF @VD @VD# F^FCF EF^N /ZLRL G@F.# KBGKBG LYOF#LYOG @VD @VD ^ AVD AVD# NPLDL EFPL# GBN

CL FCFDV @FC GYNL@NF YGBRF VD LCKG@GD# GRN# BLCYLEGPRLD\VNCG# PRFY ZLCNPGY @F LELDYL KVLZG# FC DGEBRF FDZLZFC AVD AVD# YF FDPNXL OLINL LAVFRL IGD GV @VD @VD ^AVD AVD# YF ZNYL PRFY QFIFY ^ @FYZVFY LC ZNF @F G@F

YN FC LIVYL@G FYPL BLHG ANLDXL# YF BL(LRL FYF @NL LDPFY @FNR LC HVNING IGD8 YLCQL@FRL# ZRG@NKNGYL# F[F L^G ^CCFQLRL CL FCFDV FD FC BGCYNCCG

YN FYPL ZRFYG8 YF ZRFZLRL VD N^F IGD LBRF ILENDG# QFDIFKVFRRL# QFR@GCLKL ARLDIFYL# YLCQL@FRL G IGD CGY ZLCGY\VF ND@N\VF GRVDENCL ZLRL \VF VD ALENCNLR YF CG YGZCF FDCL YLCL @FC HVNING

BL(GY8%%%%%@GY OGHLY @F INRVFCL LELRNCCL# QNDG YFIG# LKVL @FN^LCG@F YF CF ZGDFD L GKKVD


49/222

GRG DN@F NMV @F@F GEN G@V@V[L L[G@F PFYNG@F G@NRNYOF

YV^FRF8%%%%%%LRLRL YGBF^F^G BL@G LMVF @L^GMVD ^FMV CGBF YGBF^F^GBLDG[N BLENFYN ^FMV CGKBF

YV^FRF8%%%%%%GMGMN@N NMN@N MVL@F GEG @V@V @FYOFYNGMGMN@N NMN@N MVL@F GEG @V@V @FYOFYN L[G

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

DG RFKLCF DN ZRFYPF YV RGZL= VYPF@ PNFDF VDL ONHL AVFRL@F YV CL@G \VF YF CF QL L EGRNR= PFDKL IVN@L@G IGD VDLDVFQL RFCLINGD# ZGR\VF @F VDL ^ GPRL ZLRPF OL^ FDKL(GY#DG YF ANF @F DL@NF ^ IVN@F YNFEZRF L FYOV= VYPF@ PNFDFVDL IGYL FD ZCLDFY \VF DG OL OFIOG

RFARLDFY%%%%%%%%


50/222

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


51/222

IGD G^F /VD L[G FKKVD. @GD@F HGYF CF IGDPG PG@GY YVYZFYLRFY FC FKKVD L[G @FYZVFY @F GNR PG@G FC RFCLPG CF@NHG L HGYF8 EL(LDL L CLY


52/222

ILEBNLRGD CL CFPRL

IVLD@G FCCGY NBLD ZLRL FC INFCG ZLRL CCFQLRCF NAL# FYOV YFL@FCLDPG F NBL IONACLD@G FC G@@VD \VF OLBNL YLCN@G ^IONACLBL LYN8 DG AN AGD DVAGAG# @GD@F CF @NHFRGD L FYOV\VF YF AVFRLD LDPFY \VF FCCGY CCFKLRLD

^L FYOV CF OLBNL OFIOG YLBFR L GCGAND PG@G CG \VFFYPLBL ZLYLD@G ^ IVLC OLBNL YN@G FC G@@VD \VF OLBNLYLCN@G# \VF FRL G^FMVD CGBF# ^ IVLD@G YF ZRFYFDPLRGD&ZLCGY ENDNYPRGY YF QNFRGD FD VD KRLD LZVRG# ZGR\VF PG@G YF@FYIVBRNG ^ PVQNFRGD \VF @LRCF EGAGRNBLCF L GCGAND# ^ZF@NRCF ZFR@GD# @GD@F GCGAND CF @NHG \VF YN FCCGY DG FRLDCFKLCFY IGD FC# \VF IGD \VNFD CG FRLD FDPGDIFY

0% @GD@F GBLPLCL LZLINKVG L GCGMVD%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

ZLPLMND8

GCGMVD YF FYPLBL IGKNFD@G ILYN PG@L CL PNFRRL ^ GBLPLCL CF@NHG \VF FYG DG ZG@NL YFR= FDPGDIFY GBLPLCL CF ELD@GLCKVDGY ILRLEFCGY ^ G^FMVD QNG IGEG GBLPLCL ILEBNLBL @FIGCGRFY IGEG CGY ILELCFGDFY ^ @NHG8 "YN FYPF FY LYN#IGEG YFRL YV FHFRINPG"# ^ FDPGDIFY ZLIPG IGD FC# @GD@FG^FMVD YF \VF@LRNL @GD@F FYPLBL# ZFRG L EFDV@G PFD@RNL \VF@LRCF L VDL ZFRYGDL

DGPL8 IVLD@G YF QF FYPF NAL# YF OLBCL @F LCKVNFD \VF YF

LOGKG G ZVF@F LOGKLRYF FD FC ELR OLBCL @F CLYLDKRF \VF QLRNL @F IGCGR ^ @F AVFRXLDG YF LZVRF FD @NQFRPNRYF# FDYF(F LC \VF DG YLBFCL ZFRYGDL FY FYPV@NGYL# EF@NIG G LBGKL@G

6% DLING CL ZFPNINGD L GXLND%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

RFXG8 GKBF FMG G^FMVD GKKVD GCGMGYOF F^LDML FCVCV F^NGYLFN^F# CG@LAVD GXLND# MLAFRFAVD GRVDENCL

FBBG8 VD ZLZFC IGD CL ZFPNINGD L GXLND# HVHV KBGKBG FN^F#NPLDL# GPN# GZGCGZG G[G

ZLPLMND8

GKBG FRL FC ELRN@G @F G^FMVD# ZFRG OLBNL VD RNQLC \VF\VFRNL PFDFR L G^FMVD @F EVHFR# FYPF YF CCLELBL GCGMGYOF ^FRL EL^GEBFRG \VF PRLBLHLBL IGD FCVCV F^NGYL

FCCGY IGEFDXLRGD L PRLBLHLR L GKBF L[G# FC IVLC PFDNLVDL ONHL \VF YF CCLELBL G^FMVD DNCGKVF# CL IVLC DG

OLBNL PFDN@G CL RFKCL ^ FRL GEG @F GXLND# CL \VF @NHG8"^G QG^ L QFDIFR L DVFYPRG FDFENKG" CLY CVIOLY AVFRGDPFRRNBCFY# ZGBCLD@G @F FKKVDY PG@G FC EVD@G


53/222

@FYZVFY @F CLRKG PNFEZG G^FMVD DNCGKVF ZRGDVDING VDLZFPNINGD L GXLND ZLRL QFDIFR CGY @FYNKDNGY ELCNKDGY @F CGYEL^GEBFRGY GXLND YF ZRFYFDPG ^ CF @NHG \VF FCCGY DGFYPLRNLD ELY FDPRF CGY QNQGY IVLD@G YF EFPLD IGDPNKG GIGD CGY \VF PV ZRGONHFY= ^ CGY EL^GEBFRGY YFIGDQNRPNFRGD FD ZLHLRGY PLC IGEG CG YGD CGY OFIONIFRGY

OLYPL FC @NL @F OG^

DGPL8 ZGR FYG FY \VF YF ZGDF CL ZFPNINGD @F GXLND FDYV AVD@LEFDPG RFXLD@G G^FMVD DNCGKVF

1% FC PLEBGRFRG%%%%%%%%%%%%%

ZLPLMND8

NRF CFYF FKKVD FRL VD PLEBGRFRG ^ DL@NF YF GIVZLBL @F FC^ CF OLBNLD ELRIL@G @GY CNEZNFXLY CLY IVLCFY FC DG OLBNLZG@N@G OLIFR @NLY @FYZVFY# IGD EVIOG YLIRNANING CLYONXG# CCFQG CL ZRNEFRL LC ELPL@FRG ^ CL YFKVD@L L VDILENDG RFLC ^ IVLD@G PFRENDG @F OLIFR FYPLY GBRLYGRVDENCL CF @NHG8 "ENFDPRLY FC EVD@G YFL EVD@G# VYPF@ DGZVF@F PGILR ELY @F KRLPNY"

IVLD@G FC PLEBGRFRG IGEFDXG L PGILR DVFQLEFDPF# IGBRLRL YVPRLBLHG ^ @F FYL AGREL KLDG EVIOG @NDFRG

;% @GD@F GCGAND CF @NG FC ENYEG ZG@FR PLDPG L EF^NYIGEG L GEGCVGY'%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

RFXG8 VEBGNAL NDCF GCGAND L[G EFRNCGKVD GEG NAL GVDPNYOFLPFAL L^G GEG@F GCGAND GEG CL^F CGQN GEG GCVG NDPGRNMFMFRF G@@VD

FBBG8 LMVMG EF^N# F^FCF EFRND# CGKVDL PLDL EFRNCGKVD# GBNEF^N# LXVARF# GZGCGZG FZG# ARN@FRL GMLD# GZGCGZG GV#LYOG PNEBFCLRL# F[F BLNCCFMV GV ONKG# LIONBLPL# YOL^G#^LDPFD# NRGMG# ILNENPG# KVNRG INELRRGD# LRLBG# IGRLXGD@F ZLCGEL# GZGCGZG FAVD

ZLPLMND8

FD FYPF ILENDG AVF IVLD@G GCGAND CCLEG L CGY


54/222

L ZFDYLR \VF YGBRF CL ALX @F CL PNFRRL DG ZVF@F QNQNR VDYGCG G@@VD V@Y YF OLD OFIOG CL N@FL \VF IVLD@GPFDKLD ONHGY FYPGY QLD L YFR EF^NY NKVLC \VF V@Y PG@GYL CL QFX IGDPFYPLRGD \VF YN GCGAND RFYZGD@NG8 "V@YFYPLD F\VNQGIL@GY RGPVD@LEFDPF# FYG DG ZVF@F YFR# ZVFYCGY ONHGY @F V@YYF CCLELRLD GEG GCV \VF \VNFRF @FINR ONHG@F RF^= @F VYPF@FY ENYEGY YF @FYZRFD@FRLD FYPGY YNKDGY

IGEZVFYPGY /GEG GCV." ZGR FYPL RLXGD PG@GY EF ZGD@RLD LEN IVLD@G ^G FYPF RFZRFYFDPL@G ZGR IVLC\VNFR L[G @F CLPNFRRL DG NEZGRPLD@G \VF YFL L[G EF^N G GEGCV ZGR\VFFYPLD FD CGY EF^NY ^ IGEG GCV RFZRFYFDPL@GEF L\VN FD CLPNFRRL

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

@FYZVFY @F @NIOG FYPG G^FMVD DNCGKBF YF NDIG @FCLDPF @FGCGAND ^ CGY


55/222

RFXG8 G^FMVD [GRN L@NALAVD GMVDN FCFKBLRL G[G MLAFRFAVDGYOVD# CG@LAVD GRVDENCL

FD FYPF G@@VD DLIF8%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


56/222

@L 9 BL(GY IGD FCCL ^ YF CF ZGDF L GYOVD


57/222

YF RFARFYIL L FCFKBL IGD ^ @F YVY F[F YF IGKF VDZF@LXG @F IVFRG @F PNKRF# YF CF ZGDF @F PG@G CG \VFIGEF CL BGIL ^ YF RFZLRPF FD CL ELDNKVL= FC IVFRG YFPVFYPL ^ @FYZVFY YF CF FIOLD CLY IGYLY

F[F @FC YNKDG8%%%%%%%%%%%%%ENC ACGRFY# ONF@RL# CNDG @F RNG# BGPGD @FGRG# F[F L^G ^@GRL@NCCL

FYOV @FC YNKDG8 FYOV NPGMN%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

FYOV NPGMN8%%%%%%%%%%FY

Documents

Tratado Enciclopedico de Ifa Oyekun Meyi