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¡Ven Conmigo!Spanish 1
Capítulo 2: ¡Organízate!
Primer paso
Objective:
1. To be able to talk about what you want and need (school supplies).
Vocabulario:Útiles para la escuela
1. una mochila
2. una goma de borrar
un borrador
3. un cuaderno
4. un libro
5. una regla
Vocabulario:Útiles para la escuela
6. papel
7. una carpeta
8. una calculadora
9. un bolígrafo
una pluma
10. un lápiz
Vocabulario: Útiles para la escuela
11. un diccionario
12. un lápiz de color
13. un marcador
Talking about what you wantTo find out what someone wants, ask:
¿Qué quieres? What do you want?
¿Paco quiere una mochila? Does Paco want a backpack?
To answer, say:
Quiero una mochila. I want a backpack.
Sí, él quiere una mochila. Yes, he wants a backpack.
Talking about what you need
To find out what someone needs, ask:
¿Qué necesitas?
¿Necesitas papel?
¿Qué necesita Merche?
To answer, say:
Necesito un cuaderno.
No, ya tengo papel. …I already have…
¡Ella necesita muchas cosas! She needs a lot of things!
Activity to practice vocabulary
What do you need …?
1.to write a report2.to carry loose papers3.to make a poster for art class4.to add up your bill5.to do your geometry homework6.to take notes in class7.to carry your supplies8.to look up unknown words
Nota CulturalIn many high schools in Spain and Latin America, students stay in the same room for their classes all day and the teachers change classrooms. Because of this, it’s rare to find a school that has lockers. Students carry their supplies to and from school each day in backpacks.
In Spanish-speaking countries many items are sold in specialty shops like a papelería. There are not as many supermarkets or department stores that sell almost everything one might need as there are in the United States.
Gramática: Making nouns plural
1. To make a noun plural, add –s if it ends in a vowel: diccionario → diccionarios. If the noun ends in a consonant, add –es: papel → papeles.
2. If a noun ends in –z, change –z to –c and add –es: lápiz → lápices.
3. How would you make these nouns plural?
a) cruzb) luzc) vez
Nota gramatical
Un and una mean a or an. Use un with masculine nouns: un bolígrafo. Use una with feminine nouns: una regla.
El and la mean the. Use el with masculine nouns. Use la with feminine nouns.
Gramática:Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)
1. Once again, un and una mean a or an. Unos and unas mean some or a few.
Singular Plural
Masculine un bolígrafo unos bolígrafos
Feminine una mochila unas mochilas
2. Use unos with a masculine plural noun. When referring to a group of people that includes both males and females, the masculine plural is used (unos estudiantes).
3. In a negative sentence, un, una, unos and unas are often dropped.
¿Necesitas unos bolígrafos? No, no necesito bolígrafos.
Nota gramatical
In chapter 1 you learned to use the subject pronoun yo when talking about yourself and tú when talking to another student or someone your own age.
When you want to talk about someone else, use él to mean he and ella to mean she.
Activity to practice subject pronounsAnswer the questions using the correct pronoun (él or ella).
Example: ¿Qué tiene Marta? (lápiz) Ella tiene un lápiz.
1.¿Qué tiene Paco? (bolígrafos)2.¿Qué quiere Merche? (mochila)3.¿Qué necesita Carlos? (cuaderno)4.¿Qué tiene la abuela? (libros)5.¿Qué necesita tu amigo? (carpeta)6.¿Qué quiere Beatriz? (papel)7.¿Qué necesita Ana? (calculadora)8.¿Qué tiene Raúl? (regla)
Nota Cultural Many schools in Spain and Latin America require their students to wear uniforms and usually the students must purchase them.
It is also normal for students to have to buy their own textbooks, since these are not provided by the schools.
Segundo paso
Objective:
1. To be able to describe the contents of your room.
Vocabulario:Contents of your room
1. la cama2. el armario
3. la ropa
Vocabulario:Contents of your room
4. la puerta5. la ventana
6. el cartel el póster
Vocabulario:Contents of your room
7. el escritorio el pupitre
8. la silla
9. el televisor la televisión
10. la mesa
11. la lámpara
Vocabulario:Contents of your room
12. el reloj
13. las zapatillas de tenis (Spain) los tenis
14. la radio
15. la revista
16. el teléfono (celular)
Vocabulario:Contents of your room
17. la computadora
18. el estéreo
19. el DVD
21. la videocasetera
20. el reproductor de DVD
Vocabulario extra22. una alfombra
23. un balcón
25. unos discos compactos
26. un tocador de discos compactos
24. un estante
Describing the contents of your roomTo Find out what there is in someone’s room, ask:
¿Qué hay en tu cuarto? What is in your room?
¿Qué hay en el cuarto de Andrea? What is in Andrea’s room?
¿Tienes un televisor? Do you have a TV set?
¿Qué tiene Martín en su cuarto? What does Martín have in his room?
Describing the contents of your roomTo answer, say:
Tengo una mesa y dos sillas en mi cuarto. I have … in my room.
Hay libros y cuadernos en su cuarto. There are … in his room.
No, no tengo televisor. No, I don’t have a TV set.
Martín tiene unos carteles y una radio en su cuarto. …has …in his room.
Nota culturalIn Spain, most people live in pisos (apartments) in cities or towns.
Bedrooms are often smaller, and sisters or brothers will sometimes have to share a room.
Generally, the family shares a single TV set and a single phone.
It’s not as common for teenagers to have a TV or a phone of their own in their bedroom.
GramáticaAgreement of mucho and ¿cuánto? with nouns
1. Many nouns and adjectives have the following endings:
Singular Plural
Masculine -o -osFeminine -a -as
Gender
Number
Making the endings in adjectives and nouns match is called agreement in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural).
GramáticaAgreement of mucho and ¿cuánto? with nouns
2. The forms of ¿cuánto? are used to ask how much? or how many? ¿Cuánto? matches the noun it describes.
(el papel) ¿Cuánto papel tienes?(la tarea) ¿Cuánta tarea?(los bolígrafos) ¿Cuántos bolígrafos?(las carpetas) ¿Cuántas carpetas?
3. The forms of mucho mean a lot, much, or many.
No necesito muchas carpetas, pero necesito muchos bolígrafos y mucho papel.
Tengo mucha tarea.
Tercer paso
Objectives:
1. To be able to talk about what you need and want to do.
Talking about what you need to do
To ask:
¿Qué necesitas hacer? What do you need to do?
¿Y qué necesita hacer Paco? What does Paco need to do.
To answer, say:
Necesito organizar mi cuarto. … to organize my room.
Necesita ir a la librería. … to go to the bookstore.
Talking about what you want to do
To ask:
¿Qué quieres hacer? What do you want to do?
¿Y qué quiere hacer Antonio? And what does Antonio want to do?
To answer, say:
No sé, pero no quiero hacer la tarea. I don’t know, but I don’t want …
Quiere ir a la pizzería. …wants to go to …
VocabularioNecesito… I need…
poner la ropa en el armario to put the clothes in the closet
encontrar el dinero primero to find the money first
VocabularioQuiero … I want…
ir al centro comercial go to the mall
conocer a muchos nuevos amigos to meet a lot of new friends
comprar muchas cosas to buy a lot of things
Nota gramatical
The infinitive is a form of the verb found in the dictionary.
There are three kinds of infinitive endings in Spanish: -ar, -er, and –ir.
Comprar, poner, conocer, and ir are infinitives.
Vocabulario: los números31 treinta y uno
32 treinta y dos
33 treinta y tres
34 treinta y cuatro
35 treinta y cinco
36 treinta y seis
…
40 cuarenta
50 cincuenta
60 sesenta
70 setenta
80 ochenta
90 noventa
100 cien
101 ciento uno
102 ciento dos
103 ciento tres
…199 ciento noventa y nueve
Los números: nota gramatical
Uno at the end of a number changes to un before a masculine noun and una before a feminine noun: veintiún dólares (dollars), veintiuna reglas.
Nota culturalThe centro comercial in Latin America has become a new focal point for some Latin American teenagers.
Teenagers in large cities spend time in malls, shopping, eating or just seeing other people. (Like in the U.S.)
Teenagers, in Latin America, tend to meet in larger groups.
They often gather in cafes to chat.
Nota culturalPeople in Spanish-speaking countries do not use personal checks for purchases as often as people in the United States do.
In Mexico many people pay their utility bills with personal checks, but in Spain bills are usually paid by direct withdrawal.
Cash is universally accepted, and most stores in larger cities accept credit cards.
