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8/13/2019 Visita Iglesia Manila
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Visita Iglesia8 O L D M A N I L A C H U R C H E S
TEXT AND PHOTOS BY
ESTAN CABIGAS
SIMBAHAN.NET
8/13/2019 Visita Iglesia Manila
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ESTAN CABIGAS ESTANCABIGAS.COM SIMBAHAN.NET +639189456962 [email protected]
Visita Iglesia8 O L D M A N I L A C H U R C H E S
TEXT AND PHOTOS BY
ESTAN CABIGAS
SIMBAHAN.NET
The City of Manila was the capital of what was
then known during the Spanish colonial period as
the province of Tondo. It was established un der the
command of Miguel Lopez de Legaspi in 1571 over the
remnants of Rajah Soli mans kingdom.
The most important area is Intramuros, a citadel where
Spains colony was administered. Within its walls the
major religious orders built their churches. Outside
were also constructed several edifices to attend t o the
spiritual needs of parishioners.
This segment of the visita iglesiaseries features eight
of the surviving Spanish colonial era churches within
Manila either wholly built o r still retaining its orig inal
faade.
Churches featured:
Malate Church
San Agustin ChurchMa nila Me tropolitan Cathed ral
Tondo Church
Binond o Mi nor Basilica
Quiapo Minor Basilica
San Sebastian Minor Basilica
Sta. Ana Church
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Malate Church
Malate was formerly
known as Maalat,
derived from the salty
waters near it which
the Spaniards latercorrupted to its current
name. The first church
was constructed by t he
Au gu st in ia ns in 15 88
under the protection
and care of the Nuestra
Seora de los Remedios
whose miraculous image
was brought in 1624
from Andalucia, Spain.
Upon orders of Governor-General Sabiniano Manrique de
Lara, it was destroyed in 1661 over fears of an attack by the
pirate Li Ma Hong but rebuilt in 1677-79.
In 1762, it was made the headquarters of the British during
their brief invasion of Manila. In 1864, it was rebuilt for the
third time after t he great earthquake of 1863 that destoyed
many other churches.
The faade is said to be a blend of Muslim and Baroque
architectural styles, one of the impressive ones in Manila.
Unfortunately, because the paletada has been scraped off
the surface, wearing and deterioration has been apparent
with two of its emblelishments, the two heart relieves at the
side of the main portal disintegrating.
San Agustin Church
San Agustin Church
in Intramuros is the
mother of all churches
in the country. It was
constructed in 1587 andfinished in 1604. This
church has survived
earthquakes, fires,
typhoons and when
Manila was bombed out
by the Americans to
flush out the Japanese
in World War II, the second most destroyed city in the
world after Warsaw in Poland, it was the only structure left
standing in Intramuros suffering a gaping hole in what is now
the Chapel of Legazpi and a damaged bell t ower.
The left belfry was torn down by Spanish authorities after
it posed a security risk for passersby after it cracked in the
1880 earthquake. The interior offers a peek of the richness of
religious edifices in times past with its stunning trompe l oeil,
beautiful 17th century pulpit and intricately carved portals
make it one of the must see churches in the country.
The church and the monastery complex is one of two
remaining example of its kind in the Phil ippines. The titular
patron of San Agustin church is the Conversion of St. Paul.
During the pre-war period, it was one of seven major
churches within the walls that people come for the visita
iglesia. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Manila Metropolitan
Cathedral
The Manila
Cathedral, the
ecclesiastical seat of
the Archdiocese of
Manila is just one of
two surviving churches
that can still be found in
Intramuros.
It was first built in
1581 made from nipa
and bamboo. In its428 years of history, it has been destroyed by fire, typhoon,
earthquakes and the last World War but always rising from
the ashes.
Af ter Worl d War II, on ly th e wa ll s an d faad e st oo d. Th e
current structure, the 8th, was built between 1954 and 1958
over its remains. Even now, one can still see some of the
original portion at the choirloft.
It was elevated to a minor basil ica by Pope John Paul
II during his Manila visit in 1981 and is dedicated to the
Immaculate Conception.
The architecture is a blend of Romanesque-Byzantine with
Baroque elements that typifies many Phil ippine Spanish
colonial era churches in the country. Its main portal feature
bronze relieves that depict its construction history.
Tondo Church
Tondo was the first
city of the province
with the same name and
the churchs convent
was one of the firstfew in Luzon having
been accepted by the
Au gu st in ia n fri ar s in
1572. It is under the
protection of the Sto.
Nio de Cebu.
The first stone church
was believed to have
been finished in 1625. It got damaged in 1641 during the
Chinese revolt and by an earthquake in 1645. In 1661,
together with Malate Church, it was torn down upon orders of
Governor-General de Lara due to fears of an invasion by the
Chinese pirate Li Ma Hong (or Koxinga) from Formosa (now
Taiwan). It was rebuilt later that year.
The current stone church, the third to be built was started
after the earthquake of 1863 damaged the previous one. It
is the first church in the country to use steel framing for the
media naranjaor dome and iron sheets for the roofing that
were imported from England.
The faade of the church is done in the neoclassical style
flanked by twin belltowers.
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Quiapo Minor
Basilica
Quiapo District was
first established
in 1586 by Governor-
General Santiago de
Vera. The Fransciscans
erected the first church
made of nipa and
bamboo under the
advocacy of St. John
the Baptist.
A fi re de st ro ye d th e fi rs t st ru ct ur e in 16 39 . It wa s la te rrebuilt but this second church was damaged during the 1863
earthquake. While the Franciscans built the first church, later
structures were erected by the Seculars.
In 1787, the Archbishop of Manila, Basil io Sancho de Santas
Justa y Rufina ordered the transfer of the image of the
Black Nazarene that was then enshrined at the Augustinian
Recollects main church, the San Nicolas de Tolentino, in
Intramuros. This transfer or translacion is commemoratedevery 9 January.
The third church was inaugurated in 1899. In 1928, fire
consumed the edifice and was rebuilt with the architect Juan
Nakpil in charge of the plans for reconstruction. It was later
expanded to its current form sometime in the 80s.
Now known as the Minor Basil ica of the Black Nazarene, it is
the center of the icons devotion in the country.
San Sebastian Minor
Basilica
The Minor Basilica
of San Sebastian
is a sight to behold. Its
towering spires, soaring
high into the heavens,
and impressive neo-
gothic architecture
sends one to ecstasy.
The current structure,
the national shrine
to the Our Lady ofMt. Carmel, was built
by the Augustinian
Recollects in 1893 after
the one made of stone
was destroyed by an
earthquake. Its first church was built in the middle of the
17th century.
The iron sheets and panels were manufactured in Belgiumand was assembled by local artists and craftsmen when it
arrived in 1888. Its beautiful st ained glass windows were
imported from Germany.
The architecture is neo-gothic with those fan vaults and
lancet arches. However, because of the material, the intricate
details and embell ishments of the typical architectural style
is at a minimum.
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Sta. Ana Church
The Franciscans were
the first to establish
a mission outside the
walls of Intramuros in
1578 to better servethe needs of the laity.
This is the present town
dedicated and named
after St. Anne of the
Ab an do ne d.
The present churchs
cornerstone was laid
in 1720 by the Bishop
of Manila and acting
Governer General of the
Phil ippines that time,
Francisco de la Cuesta.
It was built under the supervision of Fray Vicente Ingles.
The church is known for its beautiful baroque retablo, the
only one of its kind that can be found sti l l intact in Manila.
The statue of the Our Lady of the Abandoned is a copy of
the original at Valencia, Spain and holds a crystal baton that
used to belong to the Governer General, symbolic of his
authority and was donated by the Archbishop.
In 1966, the National Museum excavated the inner patio of
the church and found a rich horde of artifacts with the oldest,
a white and blue ceramic with floral designs, dating to the
11th century. This indicates its rich pre-hispanic past.
Binondo Minor
Basilica
Binondo Church
was founded by
the Dominicans for the
spiritual adminsitration
of the Christian
Chinese.
The first structure was
built in 1596 presumably
of light materials and
was dedicated to San
Gabriel. It was rebuiltin stone in 1606. In 1740, it was decided to demolish the old
church and build a new one which was inaugurated in 1749
and dedicated to the Nuestra Seora Santissima del Rosario.
The church and its belfry were damaged by the 1863
earthquake. During World War II, bombs were dropped in
1944 and left only a shell of the Church. It was later rebuilt.
Acco rd in g to Pe dr o Ga le nd e, OS A in Ph il ip pi ne Ch ur chFaades:
its front and belfry is a fine example of Mexican-Spanish
colonial architecture, expressing, as some historians wrote,
the graceful and l ively form of the baroque Phil ippine Style.
It is now known as the Minor Basil ica of San Lorenzo Ruiz as
this was where the first Fil ipino saint l ived, worked and grew
up .
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Visita Iglesiain Mani laMap
Tondo Church
Manila Cathedral
San Agustin
Church
Malate Church Sta. Ana Church
San Sebastian
Basilica
Quiapo Basilica
Binondo Basilica
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Simbahan.netP H I L I P P I N E R E L I G I O U SCOL ON I A L HE R I TA GE
A R C H I T E C T U R E
Simbahan.net is devoted to Phil ippine Catholic
religious colonial architecture like heritage
churches, cemeteries, fortifications and parochial
houses or what is colloquially known as kumbento. As
much as possible, I highlight these as detailed as I can.
The posts that you can read i n the blog are b ased on
actual field work, documentation and research.
Background and history, however, all depend on the
references that I can find. All photographs, unless
stated otherwise are personally taken in situ.
Check simbahan.net for additional downloadable PDF
files.
Simbahan.net covers thefollowing:
Spanish colonial era churches
Conventos
For tifica tion s
Cemeteries
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Estan CabigasP H O T O G R A P H E R A N D B L O G G E R
Estan Cabigas is a multiawarded blogge r and
freelance photographer based in Makati City, the
Philippines. A true blue Cebuano, he makes stunning
images and meaningful photo stories. He has writtten
for CNN Go and his photograph wil l be published in the
May 2010 issue of the National Geographic Magazine.
He is available for photo projects, assignments and
talks on Photography as well as contributes t ravel
related features and articles with beautiful images.
To know more about him and his photography, visit his
portfolio site at estancabigas.com.
Estan Cabigass websites:
EstanCabigas. comSimbahan.net
Lan gya w.com
Salagubang.net
FitandRu n.In fo
http://estancabigas.com/http://estancabigas.com/