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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONALDEL CALLAO
FACULTAD DE ING. MECANICA ENERGIAXXXI CURSO DE ACTUALIZACION PROFESIONAL
AUDITORIAS ENERGETICAS
Dr. Ing. JUAN MANUEL PALOMINO CORREA
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INTRODUCCION
• En !"#$# $%$rg$n&$# '(%( $) P$r*+ )! '!!',-!- -$ #%,n,#&r( !r($'!%,$n&( 2&,%( -$ )(# r$'r#(# $n$rg3&,'(#+ #(n4!'&(r$# -$&$r%,n!n&$# !r! '(%!&,r )! (r$6!+ -,#%,n,r $),%!'&( !%,$n&!) )(gr!r n %$(r $8,),r,( #(',!). N( $#$9&r!:( !r! )! '(%n,-!- $n g$n$r!)+ 8$ $n )(# r29,%(# !:(#
$) %n-( !4r(n&!r; r$&(# r$)!',(n!-(# '(n $) !!#&$',%,$n&('(n4,!)$ -$ r$'r#(# $n$rg3&,'(# ),%,(#. R$'r#(# n$'$#!r,(#!r! #!&,#4!'$r )!# -$%!n-!# -$ $)$'&r,',-!- -$ '!)(r $n )(#-,4$r$n&$# #$'&(r$# -$ )! $'(n(%"!< In-#&r,!)+ R$#,-$n',!)+C(%$r',!) Tr!n#(r&$. P!r! )(gr!r)( $# n$'$#!r,( ,%)$%$n&!rr('$-,%,$n&(# ,n&$gr!)$# -$ g$#&,2n $n$rg3&,'! ,n&$gr!) $n'(n4(r%,-!- '(n )(# $#&!n-!r$# ,n&$rn!',(n!)$# )! g$n$r!',(n-$ n! ')&r! r(,! -$ #( r!',(n!) -$ )! $n$rg,!.
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EL EFECTO INVERNADERO• L! r$('!',2n (r $) $4$'&( ,n$rn!-$r( n( $# n$!.
E) r,%$r( $n $9r$#!r)! 4$ $) 4"#,'( Arr$n,# =1>5?@1?7B $n 1>?. E) r$#)&!-( -$ $#&; r,%$r! (#$r!',2n4$ 8$ -),'!n-( )! '(n'$n&r!',2n -$ CO $n )!!&%2#4$r!+ #$ r(-',r"! n '!)$n&!%,$n&( g)(!) %$-,(-$ $n&r$ ! gr!-(# C$)#,#.
• E) (%r$ ! )(gr!-( !gr$g!r >0 % $n #()( 00 !:(#'(n )( 8$ )! '(n'$n&r!',2n -$ CO $# -$ 50 %. E#&(r$r$#$n&! n n,$) n( !)'!n6!-( $n )(# *)&,%(# 10 %,)!:(#. Nn'! -r!n&$ )(# *)&,%(# 10 %,) !:(# )!'(%(#,',2n -$ )! !&%2#4$r! !"! '!%,!-( &!n r;,-(
'(%( $n )(# *)&,%(# 00 !:(#.
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• E) 4&r( !r($'!%,$n&( -$ )!# $n$rg"!# 42#,)$#
r(-',r"! n n$( !%$n&( -$ )! '(n'$n&r!',2n -$) g!#,n$rn!-$r( -,29,-( -$ '!r(n( $n )! !&%2#4$r!. !( $)$#'$n!r,( business as usual+ $# -$',r $) $#'$n!r,( $n$) '!) #$ %!n&,$n$ n '(n#%( $)$!-( -$ '(%#&,)$#42#,)$# )! ()!',2n %n-,!) #,g$ 'r$',$n-( !#&! ))$g!r
$n 0>5 ! 11 00 %,))(n$#+ #$ $#&,%! 8$ !r! 0>5 )!'(n'$n&r!',2n -$ CO #$ -),'!r"! ,n'r$%$n&!n-( )!&$%$r!&r! %$-,! -$) %n-( $n !r(9,%!-!%$n&$ gr!-(#. E#&( #,gn,4,'! n '!%,( -$ 0+ gr!-(# '!-! 10!:(#. .
• P!r! )(gr!r n '!%,( '),%;&,'( -$ #2)( n gr!-( C$)#,#!#&! $) !:( 100+ )!# $%,#,(n$# -$ -,29,-( -$ '!r(n(-$$r"!n r$-',r#$ ! )! %,&!- !#&! $) !:( 050.
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• E) URE =#( r!',(n!) -$ )! $n$rg,!B ,%),'! n!!)(r!',2n -$ )! $n$rg"! '(%( r$'r#( r(-'&,(+ n!g$n$r!',2n -$ n! ')&r! -$) !(rr( -$ $n$rg"!+ n!,%)$%$n&!',2n -$ !'',(n$# !r! %$(r!r )! $4,',$n',!
$n$rg3&,'! -$ )(# $8,(# '(n#%,-(r$# -$ r$'r#(#$n$rg3&,'(#+ !#" '(%( &!%,3n+ $) -,#$:( -$ $#&r!&$g,!#-$ ##&,&',2n -$ $n$rg3&,'(#+ '(n#,-$r!n-( 8$ )(#r$'r#(# $n$rg3&,'(# &,),6!-(# $n $) %n-( '(n %!(r
4r$'$n',! #(n !8$))(# 8$ #(n !g(&!)$#.
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• E) '(n'$&( -$ $4,',$n',! #$ r$)!',(n! '(n $) $'( 8$ $)r('$#( -$ &r!n#4(r%!',2n -$ )! $n$rg"! ,%),'! 3r-,-!# -$$n$rg"! 8$ $-$n #$r -$#$'(# ,rr$'$r!)$# g$n$r!-(r$#-$ ,n$4,',$n',!#. E) '(n'$&( -$ $4,',$n',! $#&! !#(',!-( '(n
)(# -,4$r$n&$# $8,(# ( &,( -$ &$'n()(g"! &,),6!-!# !r!))$!r ! '!( )( -,4$r$n&$# r('$#(# -$ &r!n#4(r%!',2n. L(#r(gr!%!# -$ #( r!',(n!) -$ $n$rg"! r((n$n !'',(n$#&$n-,$n&$# ! %$(r!r )! ($r!',2n -$ $8,(# &$'n()(g"!#+ -$&!) %!n$r! 8$ )!# 3r-,-!# -$ $n$rg"!
#$ r$-6'!n )( %;9,%( (#,)$..
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• L!# $#&r!&$g,!# -$ ##&,&',2n -$ $n$rg3&,'(# #$ !#!n$n 8$ $# (#,)$ (&$n$r n! %,#%! '!n&,-!- -$$n$rg"! &3r%,'! ( $)3'&r,'! ! !r&,r -$ -,4$r$n&$#r$'r#(# $n$rg3&,'(# $r( -$$n-,$n-( -$) #(+ $) '(#&(
&,( -$ &$'n()(g"! !r; n r$'r#( 8$ (4r$'$ %;#$n$4,',(# 8$ (&r(.
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EL CONCEPTO DE SUSTENTAILIDAD DE RECURSOSENERGETICOS
P!r&$ -$ )! $n$rg"! 8$ $) (%r$ ! !'%)!-( !) !),%$n&!r#$ -$ )!n&!# !n,%!)$#8$-! !'%)!-! $ )! &,$rr! $n gr!n !r&$ $n (r!# $ ,n4r!$#&r'&r!.D$ &(-! )! $n$rg"! 8$ ))$g! -$) #()+ !r&$ #$ !'%)! $n )! &,$rr! !r&$ #$-,#$r#!.L! $n$rg"! #$ !'%)! -$ %'!# 4(r%!#+ $n !),%$n&( !r! $) (%r$ )(#!n,%!)$#+ $n ,(%!#!+ $n !%$n&( -$ )! $n$rg"! (&$n',!) -$) !g!.
L! ##&$n&!,),-!- -$ r$'r#(# $n$rg3&,'(# -$$r"! 4n-!r#$ $n '!&r( r,n',,(#.<
En'(n&r!r )!# ,n$r#,(n$# n$'$#!r,!# 8$ g!r!n&,'$n )! ##&,&',2n ( r$n(!',2n (rn! 4(r%! -$ $n$rg"! r$n(!)$ =Er$B.
• E#&!)$'$r n(# 'r,&$r,(# !r! )! r(&$'',2n -$) '!,&!) n!&r!) 'r"&,'(.
•E#&!)$'$r n(# 'r,&$r,(# !r! g!r!n&,6!r $) !g( -$ )(# #$r,',(# !%,$n&!)$# -$)!,r$+ &!)$# '(%( )! '(n&!%,n!',2n -$) !,r$ '!#!-! (r )!# $%,#,(n$# -$ g!#'(n&!%,n!n&$+ -$) #$)( -$ )!# !g!# '!#!-!# (r )(# -$#$'(# )"8,-(# #2),-(#.
• E#&!)$'$r )!# r$&r,',(n$# (r ,%!'&(# '!#!-(# (r )! $9)(&!',2n -$) r$'r#(#(r$ )! $'(n(%"! )!# '(n-,',(n$# -$ ,-! )('!)$#.
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L(# #$r$# %!n(# $%(# -$%(#&r!-( #$r )(# r,n',!)$#'!#!n&$# -$ )(# !'&!)$# r()$%!# !%,$n&!)$#. A#" (r $$%)(+
$n )(# *)&,%(# !:(#+ $%(# %(,-( %;# &,$rr! 8$ !8$))!&r!n#(r&!-! (r '!#!# n!&r!)$# '(%( $r',(n$# ()';n,'!# ($r(#,(n$#. Un! r$!),-!- $# 8$ $) '(n#%( -$ r$'r#(# #&r!n#(r&$ #,g$n 'r$',$n-( %(%$n&( ! %(%$n&(.S$g*n HS'%,-&@)$$+ 1??+ )!# .000 %,))(n$# -$ &(n$)!-!# -$
'!r2n 8$ 8$%!%(# '!-! !:( &,$n$n n! %(',)! $'()2g,'! -$15.000 %,))(n$# -$ &(n$)!-!# -$ !g! $#'(%r(#. A $))( #$#%!n )!# 10.000 &(n$)!-!# -$ $%,#,(n$# -$ -,29,-( -$ '!r(n(g$n$r!-(# (r )! '(%#&,2n. E) '(n'$&( -$ %(',)! $'()2g,'!+'r$!-( (r S'%,-&@)$$ HS'%,-&@)$$+ 1??+ r$r$#$n&! )!,n&$n#,-!- -$ '(n#%( -$ %!&$r,!)$# (r n,-!- -$ r(-'&( (#$r,',( -r!n&$ &(-( $) ',')( -$ ,-!.
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ENERGIA Y AMBIENTE
• En $) !:( 1??? E) M,n,#&$r,( -$ En$rg"! M,n!# )!C!r) D,#$rg G$#$))#'!4& $ V. =CDGB ))$!r(n $)Pr($'&( KU#( R!',(n!) -$ )! En$rg"! '(n $) !(( -$)M,n,#&$r,( F$-$r!) -$ C(($r!',2n E'(n2%,'! D$#!rr())( -$ A)$%!n,!+ -,r,g,-( &!n&( ! '(n#)&(r$#
(r,$n&!-(# ! !#$#(r!r ,n-#&r,!# '(n )! ,n&$n',2n -$!%),!r ## '(n(',%,$n&(# $n $) ;%,&( -$ )! '(n#)&(r"!$n$rg3&,'!+ '(%( ! )(# $4$# -$ )!n&! %!n&$n,%,$n&(-$ )!# $%r$#!# ,n-#&r,!)$# 8$ $#&3n $n n r('$#(-$ *#8$-! $ ,%)$%$n&!',2n -$ '(n'$&(# -$ %$(r!
-$ )! #,&!',2n $n$rg3&,'! -$n&r( -$ ## $%r$#!#.
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PROBLEMAS MUNDIALES UOBSTACULOS PARA EL DESARROLLO
SOSTENIBLE E INTERRELACIONADOS• las escandalosas die!encias econ"#icas en$!e las
!e%iones del #undo&
• la 'ol($ica de a!#a#en$o ) las %ue!!as&• los '!oble#as a#bien$ales *eec$o in+e!nade!o, la
con$a#inaci"n de a%uas dulces, la e!osi"n de la $ie!!a-&
• el c!eci#ien$o de#o%!ico ) la escase/ de los ali#en$os&
• la c!ecien$e de#anda de ene!%(a ) de !ecu!sos&
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BIOSFERA Y TECNOSFERA
• E# % ('( )( 8$ )! ',$n',! #!$ ( -$) #,#&$%!T,$rr! ## ##,#&$%!# ,(#4$r! &$'n2#4$r!. L!&$'n2#4$r! '(%r$n-$ )!# !'&,,-!-$# -$ $9)(&!',2n '(n#%( -$ r$'r#(# n!&r!)$#+ !,r$ !g!#+ !#" '(%( -$&r!n#4(r%!',2n '(n#%( -$ $n$rg"!. E#&!# !'&,,-!-$#
## &$'n()(g"!# $#&;n (r,$n&!-!# ! !)'!n6!r $) ))!%!-(,$n$#&!r. $# $) '(nn&( -$ )(# %$-,(# !r&,4,',!)$# 8$#((r&!n $) -$#!rr())( -$ )! #(',$-!- %!n! 8$$()',(n! !',! n! !n!)(g"! -$ )! ,(#4$r! '(n )! 8$,n&$r!'&*!. L(# #$r$# %!n(# !'&*!n #(r$ $) !%,$n&$!r! #!&,#4!'$r -,#&,n&(# &,(# -$ n$'$#,-!-$# 'r$!r (4!r,'!r !,#!$# !gr!r,(#+ ,n-#&r,!)$#+ ,!)$#+ r!n(#.
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• L! ,(#4$r! $# $) (&r( ##,#&$%! 8$ ,n')$ $)$#!',( $n $) 8$ #$ $n'$n&r! )! 4)(r! 4!n!!#" '(%( ## ,n&$rr$)!',(n$# $n n r('$#('(n&,n( -$ $()',2n. L! ,2#4$r! $# $) #,#&$%!8$ !!r'! ! &(-(# )(# #$r$# ,,$n&$# -$n$#&r( )!n$&! ! # ;,&!& $# -$',r+ $) )g!r-(n-$ #$ -$#!rr())! # ',')( ,&!)< $) !,r$+ $) !g! $) #$)( -(n-$ -$#-$ )(# (rg!n,#%(# %;#-,%,n&(# !#&! )!# ,%(n$n&$# $#$',$# -$)!n&!# !n,%!)$#+ !n $n'(n&r!-( $) ##&$n&(!r! #(r$,,r.
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0Cules son las '!inci'ales consecuencias del ca#bio cli#$ico1
• E9,#&$n -,$r#!# (,n,(n$# -$ ',$n&"4,'(# $ ,n$#&,g!-(r$# #(r$ )(#• (#,)$# ,%!'&(#+ $r( $n g$n$r!) !'$r-!n 8$ $) ,n'r$%$n&( -$
)! &$%$r!&r! $#&; r(-',$n-( r(-',r;+ $n&r$ (&r(#<• 1. C!%,(# $n )(# !&r(n$# -$ r$',,&!',2n %$-!- -$) #$)(<
,nn-!',(n$# #$8"!#
• . A%$n&( -$) n,$) %$-,( -$) %!r• . F!)&! -$ !g! (&!)$ $n 6(n!# -(n-$ ! $# n r$'r#( $#'!#(+
'(%( $n 4r,'!+ M$-,( Or,$n&$ '$n&r( -$ A#,!• . D$#,$)( -$ g)!',!r$#• 5. In'r$%$n&( -$ )! 4r$'$n',! -$ 4$n2%$n(# $9&r$%(# '(%( )!#
&(r%$n&!# &r(,'!)$#• . P3r-,-! -$ ,(-,$r#,-!-.
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UN ESCENARIO ENERGETICOSOSTENIBLE
• Un $#'$n!r,( !r! n 4&r( #,#&$%! %n-,!) $n$rg3&,'(#(#&$n,)$ ,n$#&,g!-( (r $#$',!),#&!#+ r((n$ 8$!r! r$-',r )!# $%,#,(n$# -$ -,29,-( -$ '!r(n( ! )!%,&!- !#&! $) !:( 050+ $) '!%,( -$ &$%$r!&r! -$$
!)'!n6!r n gr!-( C$)#,# '(%( %;9,%( !#&! $) !:(100.
• Un #,#&$%! $n$rg3&,'( #(#&$n,)$ -$) 4&r( -$$r;!#!r#$ #(r$ &r$# ,)!r$#< r,%$r!%$n&$ $n n #(,n&$n#,( -$ $n$rg"!# r$n(!)$# $n #$gn-( )g!r+ $nn !r($'!%,$n&( $4,',$n&$ -$ )(# r$'r#(#-,#(n,)$# $n &$r'$r )g!r+ $n n! -$',#,2n '(n#',$n&$#(r$ )(# )"%,&$# -$) '(n#%( -$ -,'(# r$'r#(#
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MEDIDAS 2ACIA UN SISTEMAENERGETICO SOSTENIBLE.
• @ A '(n&,n!',2n !)gn!# r($#&!# '(n'r$&!# -$ !'',(n$#r$g)!-(r!# !r! !'',(n$# )$g,#)!&,!#<@ A$r&r! -$) %$r'!-( $n$rg3&,'( r$g)!n-( $) !''$#( ! )!r$- ! $8$:!# '$n&r!)$#
@ E9,#&$n',! -$ n! &!r,4! g!r!n&,6!-! !r! )(# r($$-(r$#-$ $)$'&r,',-!- ! !r&,r -$ $8$:!# '$n&r!)$# -$ $n$rg"!#r$n(!)$#@ O),g!&(r,$-!- -$ r(-',r n! !r&$ -$ )! $n$rg"! ! !r&,r-$ 4$n&$# r$n(!)$# =n(n 4(##,) 4$) (),g!&,(nB
@ In&r(-'',2n -$ $n&!!# ,%(#,&,!# !r! ,n$r#,(n$# $nr($'&(# -$ #( r!',(n!) -$ $n$rg"! -$ $n$rg"!#
r$n(!)$#
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@ R$4(r%!# 4,#'!)$# (r,$n&!-!# ! !(!r $) #( -$ $n$rg"!#r$n(!)$# -$#)!6!r )! $n$rg"! ! !r&,r -$
'(%#&,)$# 42#,)$#
@ F(r%!',2n -$ ,ng$n,$r(# &3'n,'(# $n $) ;r$! -$ !n;),#,#+'(n#)&(r"! !-,&(r,!# $n$rg3&,'!#C)!r!%$n&$ '!-! $%r$#! $-$ '(%$n6!r (r #" %,#%! !#!r r!',(n!)%$n&$ )! $n$rg"! ! ,n&r(-',r $n$rg"!#r$n(!)$#. L( %;# ,%(r&!n&$+ (r #(r$&(-(+ $# '(%$n6!r !(r!.
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ESTANDARES AMIENTALES• 3.4 Es$nda! de Calidad A#bien$al *ECA- ) L(#i$es M5i#os Pe!#isibles *LMP-
E) E#&;n-!r -$ C!),-!- A%,$n&!) =ECAB $) L"%,&$ M;9,%( P$r%,#,)$ =LMPB #(n ,n#&r%$n&(#-$ g$#&,2n !%,$n&!) 8$ '(n#,#&$n $n !r;%$&r(# (),g!',(n$# 8$ #'!n r$g)!r r(&$g$r)! #!)- *),'! )! '!),-!- !%,$n&!) $n 8$ ,,%(#+ $r%,&,3n-()$ ! )! !&(r,-!- !%,$n&!)-$#!rr())!r !'',(n$# -$ '(n&r()+ #$g,%,$n&( 4,#'!),6!',2n -$ )(# $4$'&(# '!#!-(# (r )!#!'&,,-!-$# %!n!#.
• L(# ECA #(n ,n-,'!-(r$# -$ '!),-!- !%,$n&!)+ %,-$n )! '(n'$n&r!',2n -$ $)$%$n&(#+##&!n',!#+ !r;%$&r(# 4"#,'(#+ 8"%,'(# ,()2g,'(#+ r$#$n&$# $n $) !,r$+ !g! ( #$)(+ $r(8$ n( r$r$#$n&!n r,$#g( #,gn,4,'!&,( !r! )! #!)- -$ )!# $r#(n!# n, !) !%,$n&$.
L(# LMP %,-$n )! '(n'$n&r!',2n -$ $)$%$n&(#+ ##&!n',!#+ !r;%$&r(# 4"#,'(#+ 8"%,'(# ,()2g,'(#+ r$#$n&$# $n )!# $%,#,(n$#+ $4)$n&$# ( -$#'!rg!# g$n$r!-!# (r n! !'&,,-!-r(-'&,! =%,n$r"!+ ,-r('!rr(#+ $)$'&r,',-!-+ $&'.B+ 8$ !) $9'$-$r '!#! -!:(# ! )! #!)-+ !),$n$#&!r %!n( !) !%,$n&$.
Un! -$ )!# -,4$r$n',!# $# 8$ )! %$-,',2n -$ n ECA #$ r$!),6! -,r$'&!%$n&$ $n )(# '$r(#r$'$&(r$#+ %,$n&r!# 8$ $n n LMP #$ -! $n )(# n&(# -$ $%,#,2n $r&,%,$n&(. S,n $%!rg(+!%(# ,n#&r%$n&(# #(n ,n-,'!-(r$# 8$ $r%,&$n ! &r!3# -$) !n;),#,# -$ ## r$#)&!-(#+$#&!)$'$r ()"&,'!# !%,$n&!)$# =ECAB '(rr$'',(n$# $) !'',(n!r -$ !)gn! !'&,,-!- $#$'"4,'!=LMPB.
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• ISO 67773 r$r$#$n&! )( *)&,%( $n '!n&( ! %$(r$# r;'&,'!# ,n&$rn!',(n!)$# $n g$#&,2n-$ )! $n$rg"!+ !#;n-(#$ $n )!# n(r%!# n!',(n!)$# r$g,(n!)$# $9,#&$n&$#+ !#" '(%( $n,n,',!&,!#. L! n(r%! ! $#&!-( $n -$#!rr())( -r!n&$ !r,(# !:(# -$ )! %!n( -$ $9$r&(#
$n g$#&,2n -$ )! $n$rg"! r$r$#$n&! ! %;# -$ 0 !"#$# -$ &(-( $) %n-( 8$ #$ n$n!r! $#&!)$'$r n %!r'( '(%*n.
• ISO 67773 )$ !-!r; ! ,%)$%$n&!r )(# r('$#(# n$'$#!r,(# !r! $n&$n-$r # #( -$ )!$n$rg"!+ (n$r $n %!r'! )!n$#+ ($&,(# $ ,n-,'!-(r$# -$ $4,',$n',! $n$rg3&,'!. T(-($))( !r! r$-',r $) '(n#%( $ ,-$n&,4,'!r r,(r,6!r )!# ((r&n,-!-$#+ !r! %$(r!r $) #( $) r$n-,%,$n&( -$ )! $n$rg"!.
! ',$n&(# -$ $%r$#!# #$ !n $n$4,',!-( -$ )!# n(r%!#+ ),'!',(n$#+ 4(r%!',2n+#(4&!r$ -$ )! '$r&,4,'!',2n.
• QP!r! 8,3n $# r$)$!n&$ )! ISO 50001
• ISO 50001 $# !-$'!-! !r! '!)8,$r (rg!n,6!',2n @ #$! '!) #$! # &!%!:(+ #$'&(r (
,'!',2n g$(gr;4,'!. E# -$ !r&,')!r r$)$!n',! #, &r!!! $n n! ,n-#&r,! '(n '(n#%(,n&$n#,( $n $n$rg"! ( 4r$n&$ ! n! r$g)!',2n -$ $%,#,(n$# -$ GEI (&r! )$g,#)&!&,(n.
L! '$r&,4,'!',2n ISO 50001 -$ SI '(%( &$r'$r! !r&$ ,n-$$n-,$n&$ $# )! g!r!n&"!-$4,n,&,! !r! ## !r&$# ,n&$r$#!-!# $ ,n$r#(r$# -$ # (rg!n,6!',2n !#$gr! 8$'%)$ '(n )!# %$(r$# r;'&,'!# $n g$#&,2n -$ )! $n$rg"!.
17/10/15
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17/10/15
C(n')#,2n
• E) P$r* n( $# n ,%(r&!n&$ !"# r(-'&(r -$ $&r2)$( -$ A%3r,'! -$) Sr.
• E) g!# n!&r!) -$ C!%,#$! )$ $-$ r($$r n ,%(r&!n&$gr!-( -$ ,n-$$n-$n',! -$) $&r2)$( '!r( $ ,%(r&!-(.
• L!# r$#$r!# -$ g!# $-$n !%$n&!r ##&!n&,!%$n&$+$r( )!# '(n-,',(n$# -$ r$',(# r$g!)"!# #$r;n -,#&,n&!#.
• Dr!n&$ )! '!%!:! $)$'&(r!) -$) 00 #$ )!n&$2 n,%$#&( ! )!# #(r$g!n!n',!# %,n$r!# -$ ,-r('!rr(#.
P$r(+ ! $n $) g(,$rn(+ $#( 4$ -$#$#&,%!-(.• L(# )!n$# -$ ,n&$gr!',2n $n$rg3&,'! r$g,(n!) #$r;n$#&(# $n %!r'! (r $) #$'&(r r,!-(.
• P$&r($r* (-r"! g!r n r() ,%(r&!n&$+ #, #$ '(n'r$&! )!!),!n6! $#&r!&3g,'! '(n P$&r(r!#.
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UNI8ERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CALLAOFACULTAD DE ING. MECANICA ENERGIA
• AUDITORIA ENERGETICAS EN SISTEMAS DE
8APOR• POLITICA DE CAMBIO CLIMATICO
• D!. ING. 9UAN PALOMINO CORREA
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POLITICA INTERNACIONAL DE CAMBIOCLIMATICO
• En $) !:( 1?? #$ !-(&2 )! C(n$n',2nM!r'( -$ )!# N!',(n$# Un,-!# #(r$ $)C!%,( C),%;&,'( '(n $) ($&,( -$ -$)(gr!r )! $#&!,),6!',2n -$ )!#'(n'$n&r!',(n$# -$ g!#$# -$ $4$'&(,n$rn!-$r( $n )! !&%2#4$r! ! n n,$)
8$ ,%,-! ,n&$r4$r$n',!# !n&r(2g$n!#$),gr(#!# $n $) #,#&$%! '),%;&,'(.
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PROTOCOLO DE OTO
• COMPROMISO< REDUCIR SUS GASES DE EFECTOINVERNADERO EN UN PROMEDIO DE 5+ EN EL PERIODODEL 00> AL 01 EN RELACION A LOS NIVELES DE 1??0
• ASPECTOS IMPORTANTES CONTENIDOS
LIMITACION DE EMISIONES COMPROMISOS DE REDUCCION+ TRANSFERENCIA
COMERCIO DE UNIDADES DE REDUCCION DE EMISIONES
MECANISMO DE DESARROLLO LIMPIO
LISTA DE GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO
CATEGORIAS DE EFECTO INVERNADERO METAS DE LIMITACION A LAS EMISIONES O
REDUCCIONES
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GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADEROCONSIDERADOS EN EL PROTOCOLO
• DIOXIDO DE CARONO =COB
• METANO =CB
• OXIDO NITROSO =NOB• EXAFLUORURO DE AZUFRE =SFB
• PERFLUOROCARONOS =PFCB
• IDROFLUOROCARONO =FCB
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En r$)!',2n ! )(# #%,-$r(# -$ g!#$# -$ $4$'&(
,n$rn!-$r( • A'&,,-!-$# r$)!',(n!-!# ! )! 4(r$#&!',2n
r$4(r$#&!',2n+ 8$ $n r,n',,( '(n&r,$n! !#(r$r COA+ $) r,n',!) g!# -$ $4$'&(
,n$rn!-$r(. E#&!# !'&,,-!-$# #(n-$n(%,n!-!# #%,-$r(#K.
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En r$)!',2n !) ,nn(!-(r C(n'$&( )$ '(%(
P!r&$ -$) Pr(&('()( • Un )(gr( ,%(r&!n&$ -$ )! C(%n,-!-
Er($! 4$ )! ,n&r(-'',2n -$) C(n'$&()$ . !( $#&$ !'$r-( #$ $r%,&$ !
)!# !r&$# -$) An$9( I !gr!r#$ =#,n,%(r&!r n$'$#!r,!%$n&$ )! ,'!',2ng$(gr;4,'!B ! 4,n -$ '(nn&!%$n&$
'%),r )!# %$&!# -$ r$-'',2n -$$%,#,(n$#.
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INSTRUMENTOS ECONOMICOS DELPROTOCOLO
• IMPLEMENTACION CONJUNTA =ICB
• COMERCIO DE DERECOS DEEMISIONES =CDEB
• MECANISMO PARA UN DESARROLLOLIMPIO =MDLB
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INTENSIDAD DEL CONSUMO DE ENERGÍA A NIVEL
MUNDIAL Y REGIONAL
• E) ,n-,'!-(r ,n&$n#,-!- -$ '(n#%( -$ $n$rg"!$# n !)(r 8$ -; %;# ,n4(r%!',2n !'$
r$4$r$n',! !) '(n#%( -$ $n$rg"! $n r$)!',2n !)r$n-,%,$n&( $'(n2%,'( ( g$n$r!',2n -$ r,8$6!-$) !"# ( r$g,2n.
• E# -$',r $) '(n#%( -$ $n$rg"! $n #" n( $# *&,)
'(%( ,n-,'!-(r -$) #( !-$'!-( -$ )! $n$rg"!$n )!# -,4$r$n&$# r$g,(n$# -$) %n-(.
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• La in$ensidad ene!%:$ica es un indicado! de la eiciencia
ene!%:$ica de una econo#(a. Se calcula co#o la !elaci"nen$!e elconsu#o ene!%:$ico *E- ) el '!oduc$o in$e!io! b!u$o *PIB- de un 'a(s;
• #$ ,n&$rr$&! '(%( #$ n$'$#,&!n 9 n,-!-$# -$ $n$rg"! !r!r(-',r 1 n,-!- -$ r,8$6!. A#"+ In&$n#,-!- $n$rg3&,'! $)$!-!<,n-,'! n '(#&$ !)&( $n )! '(n$r#,2n -$ $n$rg"! $n r,8$6! =#$&r!&! -$ n! $'(n(%"! $n$rg3&,'!%$n&$ (r!6B. S$ '(n#%$
%'! $n$rg,! (&$n,$n-( n PI !(.• In&$n#,-!- $n$rg3&,'! !!< ,n-,'! n '(#&$ !(. S$ '(n#%$('! $n$rg"!+ (&$n,$n-( n PI !)&(.
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Ra/ones 'o! las <ue se debe au#en$a! laEiciencia Ene!%:$ica
F$r&$ !)6! -$ )! En$rg"!. C!)8,$r !(rr( $#,%(r&!n&$.
C(%),'!',(n$# -$ !!#&$',%,$n&( -$) g!# n!&r!).
L(gr!r $'(n(%"!# %!(r '(%$&,&,,-!- -$ )! ,n-#&r,! -$) !"#.
C()!(r!r '(n )! ##&$n&!,),-!- -$ )(# #,#&$%!#$'(n2%,'(# $'()2g,'(#
P(r8$ n!-! #$ -$$ -$#!r($'!r.
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. E$a'as de un Plan de A=o!!o de Ene!%(a
3. AUDITOR>A ENERG?TICA;
In')$ )! ,-$n&,4,'!',2n E!)!',2n -$ )!# E'(n(%"!# (#,)$# -$ (&$n$r ,n')$n-( 4!'&,,),-!- -$ '!%,(# $n $) A!#&$',%,$n&( En$rg3&,'(.
@. PROGRAMA DE TRABA9O ; C(n#,#&$ $n )! -$4,n,',2n -$ r,(r,-!-$# $n )! )!n,4,'!',2n -$ )!# r$!),6!',2n -$ )!# -,$r#!# $'(n(%"!# '(n $!)!',2n $'(n2%,'! (#,&,! -,)g!',2n
-$) )!n ! )(# $$'&,(# -$ )! $%r$#! ! &(-(# )(# n,$)$#.. MATERIALIACIN DE CADA ECONOM>A.
.1. Pr($'&(# ,n-,,-!)$#... P$&,',2n -$ Pr($#&!# #$)$'',2n -$ r($$-(r$# /( '(n&r!&,#&!#
.. C(n#&r'',2n %(n&!$ .. S$r,#,2n -$ )! (r! $#&! $n %!r'!
.5. C(%r(!',2n -$ )!# $'(n(%"!# (&$n,-!#.
. CREACIN DE UN SISTEMA DE CONTROL DE RESULTADOS. .1. D$4,n,',2n '(n&r() -$ ',4r!# $ "n-,'$# -$ $4,',$n',! $n$rg3&,'!.
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UNI8ERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CALLAOFACULTAD DE ING.MECANICA ENERGIA
• AUDITORIAS ENERGETICAS EN SISTEMAS DE8APOR
• BARRERAS EN LA IMPLEMENTACION DE MEDIDASDE USO RACIONAL DE ENERGIA
• D!. In%. 9UAN M. PALOMINO CORREA
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En )! %!(r"! -$ )(# !"#$# -$#!rr())!-(# )! $4,',$n',! $n$rg3&,'! ('! n)g!r ,%(r&!n&$ $n )! !g$n-! ()"&,'!. L! ,%(r&!n',! -$ )! ()"&,'! -$ #($4,',$n&$ -$ )! $n$rg"! '(%( ($&,( ()"&,'(+ #$ (r,g,n! $n # ,n')!',2n'(n )! '(%$&,&,,-!- ,n-#&r,!) '(%$r',!)+ $) '(#&( -$ ,-! -$ )!()!',2n+ )(# $n$4,',(# -$r,!-(# -$ )! #$gr,-!- -$ !!#&$',%,$n&($n$rg3&,'( 'r$',$n&$%$n&$ '(n $) ($&,( -$ r$-'',2n -$ $%,#,(n$# -$g!#$# -$ $4$'&( ,n$rn!-$r( =GEIB.En $4$'&(+ &,),6!r )(# r$'r#(# $n$rg3&,'(# -$ 4(r%! %;# $4,',$n&$ #,gn,4,'!n %$n(r '(#&( -$ )! $n$rg"! '(%( 4!'&(r r(-'&,(+ $n '(n#$'$n',!n! %$(r! -$ '(%$&,&,,-!- -$ )!# $%r$#!#. A#,%,#%(+ n #( $4,',$n&$-$ )! $n$rg"! (r !r&$ -$ )(# (g!r$# ,%),'! )! r$-'',2n -$) g!#&($n$rg3&,'( $n $) r$#$#&( 4!%,),!r+ 4!(r$',$n-( ! )(# (g!r$# %;#(r$#+ -(n-$ $) $#( -$ )! $n$rg"! $n $) g!#&( 4!%,),!r $# %!(r.
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USO RACIONAL DE ENERGIA
• UNA SOLUCION EFICAZ PARA LA DISMINUCION DELEFECTO INVERNADERO ES EL USO EFICIENTE DE LAENERGIA.
• LA ESTRATEGIA PARA UN AORRO DE ENERGIA ESPRINCIPALMENTE IMPORTANTE EN LOS SECTORES
INDUSTRIALES SERVICIOS WUE MUESTRAN UNCONSUMO INTENSIVO DE ENERGIA
• LOS CALCULOS PARA ESTIMAR LOS POTENCIALES DEL AORRO TIENEN EN CUENTA MEDIDAS TECNICAS PARA AUMENTAR LA EFICIENCIA
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ETAPAS DE UN PROECTO DE USO RACIONALDE ENERGIA =UREB
En '!-! r($'&( URE #$ $-$n -,#&,ng,r -,4$r$n&$# $&!!#&!)$# '(%(<
• I-$! M(&,!',2n
• Pr$!-,&(r,! r$#$)$'',2n
• A-,&(r,! -$&!))!-! =';)')(# &3'n,'(# -$ r$n&!,),-!-B• Pr($#&!# !r! %$-,-!# -$ %$(r!%,$n&(
• D$',#,2n -$) '(n&$n,-( -$) r($'&( URE • P)!n,4,'!',2n $ ,%)$%$n&!',2n -$) r($'&(
• M(n,&(r$( $!)!',2n -$ )(# !)'!n'$# -$) r($'&(
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ARRERAS EN LA IMPLEMENTACION DEMEDIDAS
P(r '!-! $&!! $9,#&$n !rr$r!# 8$ '(n4r$'$n',! (#&!'),6!n )! ,%)$%$n&!',2n-$ r(gr!%!# URE $#&!# #(n<
• !rr$r!# -$ Org!n,6!',2n $ In4(r%!',2n• !rr$r!# T$'n()2g,'!#
•!rr$r!# F,n!n',$r!#• !rr$r!# E#&r'&r!)$#
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ARRERAS DE ORGANIZACIN EINFORMACION
• Cuando los $!abaado!es de una e#'!esa no saben si el consu#o delas 'lan$as es al$o o bao 'o!<ue no cuen$an con da$os bsicos 'a!auna eec$i+a co#'a!aci"n. Po! ello no e5is$e una !eco#endaci"n 'o!'a!$e de los $:cnicos a la di!ecci"n ace!ca de la #eo!a de eicienciade la 'lan$as.
• Cuando los !es'onsables en la Fi!#a #an$ienen cie!$o !ec=a/o =aciael a'!o+ec=a#ien$o de $ecnolo%(as #s eicien$es o de ene!%(as!eno+ables a causa de un desconoci#ien$o.
• Cuando a causa de es$!uc$u!as in$e!nas de la Fi!#a, a<uellos <uedeciden ace!ca de las in+e!siones no $ienen una idea del con$e5$o
$:cnico ) los 'o$enciales de #eo!a <ue !esul$a!(an a $!a+:s de una'!o+ec=a#ien$o de $ecnolo%(as #s eicien$es o de ene!%(as
!eno+ables.
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ARRERAS TECNOLOGICAS
• P. e. cuando los '!o)ec$is$as sob!ees$i#an la de#anda deilu#inaci"n desde la ase de 'laniicaci"n, lo <ue '!o+oca unainu$ili/aci"n ) desa!$iculaci"n de conce'$os e5is$en$es 'a!a unailu#inaci"n eicien$e.
• P.e. cuando el $i'o de cons$!ucci"n del ediicio ) las ins$alacioneses $al <ue i#'osibili$a el ca#bio de conce'$o ene!%:$ico =acia o$!o$i'o de sis$e#a <ue inclu)e un a'!o+ec=a#ien$o de $ecnolo%(as
#s eicien$es o de ene!%(as !eno+ables.
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ARRERAS FINANCIERAS
• Cuando la di!ecci"n de la e#'!esa es$ablece'e!iodos de !e$o!no de la in+e!si"n *'a)bacs-#u) co!$os lo <ue diicul$a la i#'le#en$aci"n de#edidas adecuadas 'e!o con !e$o!no de la
in+e!si"n a #ediano ) la!%o 'la/o.• Cuando la Fi!#a no cuen$a con un ca'i$al )o
uen$es c!edi$icias a dis'osici"n
ARRERAS
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ARRERASESTRUCTURALES
• Cuando la e#'!esa $iene un 'e!il de%es$i"n 'oco inno+ado!a ) 'o! lo $an$oes !enuen$e a nue+as #edidas e
in+e!siones !elacionadas a ca#bios enla '!oducci"n.
COMO VENCER LAS
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COMO VENCER LASARRERAS
• Pa!a au#en$a! el :5i$o de '!o)ec$os del uso !acional de la ene!%(ase !eco#ienda =ace! un anlisis de i#'edi#en$os ) '!oble#as'o! un lado, ) '!o'one!, 'o! o$!o lado soluciones, =e!!a#ien$as oconside!aciones en la consul$o!(a.
• Los i#'edi#en$os en el caso de dis'onibilidad de ino!#aci"n, se
'ueden eli#ina! de la #ane!a #s cil usando ino!#aciones )ee#'los de e#'!esas del #is#o sec$o! ) #eo! aHn de laco#'e$encia a #ane!a de co#'!obaci"n de lo ace!$ado de las#edidas i#'le#en$adas 'o! la i!#a.
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CONCLUSION
• C(n')$n-(+ -(# '(n-,',(n$# !r! n! '(n#)&(r"!$n$rg3&,'! $9,&(#! =$# -$',r 8$ r$-n-$n $n n!r$-'',2n -$ '(#&(# -$ $n$rg"! -$) '),$n&$ -$$%,#,(n$# -$ g!#$# ,n$rn!-$r(B+ $# )! '(n#,-$r!',2n
-$ !rr$r!# 8$ $-!n ('rr,r -r!n&$ $) 'r#( -$ nr($'&( URE )! *#8$-! -$ #()',(n$# $n $)%!r'( -$ )!# $#&r'&r!# $9,#&$n&$# $n )!# $%r$#!#.
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UNI8ERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CALLAOFACULTAD DE ING. MECANICA ENERGIA
• AUDITORIAS ENERGETICAS EN SISTEMASDE VAPOR
• Dr. Ing. JUAN M. PALOMINO CORREA
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USO RACIONAL DE LA ENERGIA
• FUNDAMENTOS DE USO RACIONAL DELA ENERGIA
• TECNOLOGIAS INTERSECTORIALES
TECNOLOGIAS
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TECNOLOGIASINTERSECTORIALES
• TECNICAS PERIFERICAS O DE SERVICIOWUE SE USAN EN LAS PLANTASINDUSTRIALES+ INDEPENDIENTEMENTE DELA RAMA O SECTOR INDUSTRIAL. TIENENUNA GRAN IMPORTANCIA CON RESPECTO ALA ENERGIA. UNA PARTE MU IMPORTANTEDE LA ENERGIA ES TRASNFORMADA ENOTRA FORMA DE ENERGIA EN LOS
CALDEROS+ EN LOS SITEMAS DE AIRECONPRIMIDO+ EN LOS SISTEMAS DE AIRE
ACONDICIONADO+ ETC+
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GENERADORES DE VAPOR
GENERACION DE VAPOR
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GENERACION DE VAPOR AGUA CALIENTE
• LOS EWUIPOS DE MAOR USO EN LASINSTALACIONES INDUSTRIALES+COMERCIALES DE SERVICIOS SON LOSCALDEROS DE VAPOR DE AGUACALIENTE. ESTOS SON USADOS PARATRANSFERIR ENERGIAS DE UNCOMUSTILE A UN FLUIDO WUETRANSPORTA CALOR A DIFERENTES
TEMPERATURAS A SEA PARA SERUSADOS EN EL PROCESO O PARA UNCALENTAMIENTO EN DIFERENTES FORMAS.
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CLASIFICACIÓN
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CLASIFICACIÓN
• D,#(#,',2n -$ )(# 4),-(#• Tr!n#%,#,2n -$ '!)(r -(%,n!n&$
•C(%#&,)$ $%)$!-(• Pr$#,2n -$ &r!!(
• T,r(
• Lg!r -$ %(n&!$
EFICIENCIAS DE LAS CALDERAS
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EFICIENCIAS DE LAS CALDERASDE VAPOR
• POR EXPERIENCIAS SE SAE WUE LASEFICIENCIAS TERMICAS DE LAS CALDERASESTAN POR DEAJO DE LAS MAXIMAS ALCANZALES. LOS VALORES MAS APROXIMADOS PARA CALDERAS DE VAPORSON<
• CALDERAS PIROTUULARES ESTANDAR DE PASOS =1000 PB< 7> Y >5
• CALDERAS ACUOTUULARES SINRECUPERADOR DE CALOR =1000 PB< >0?0
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Ó Ó
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CLASIFICACIÓN POR DISPOSICIÓN
DE FLUIDOS
• Acuo$ubula!es
• E) !g! ',r')! (r $) ,n&$r,(r-$ )(# 4)9$# -$ )! '!)-$r!.
• L! r$#,2n -$ &r!!( $-$!)'!n6!r !#&! )(# 150 g/'%.
• L! r(-'',2n -$ !(r $# -$)(r-$n -$ 5 !#&! 1000 &/.
• E4,',$n',! -$ ($r!',2n< >5@?0
COMPONENTES
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COMPONENTES
• C#a!a deco#bus$i"n
• P!ecalen$ado! de
a%ua• P!ecalen$ado! de
ai!e
• ue#ado!es
• So'lado!es de =oll(n
• Flu5es o $ube!(as• Colec$o!
• Do#o
• Da#'e! o #a#'a!a• C=i#enea
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VARIABLES IMPORTANTES
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PROCEDIMIENTOS DE E8ALUACION
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PROCEDIMIENTOS DE E8ALUACIONENERGETICA DE CALDERAS
• LA EVALUACION ENERGETICA DECALDERAS DE VAPOR AGUACALIENTE ES UNA DE LAS ACCIONES
MAS IMPORTANTES EN CUALWUIERPROGRAMA DE AORRO DE ENERGIATERMICA EN UNA INSTALACION LA
OPTIMIZACION DE UNA CALDERADEE COMENZAR CON UNA AUDITORIA ENERGETICA.
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PROCEDIMIENTO3. CONOCER LAS CARACTERISTICAS DE LA CALDERA.
• DISEO• VARIALES DE DISEO• CONTROLES• COMUSTILES USADOS
@. DETERMINAR LAS CONDICIONES OPERATI8ASACTUALES UE ESTEN ALTERANDO LA EFICIENCIA.• MODO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO• REGIMEN DE OPERACIN• VARIALES DE OPERACIN• CONTROLES• MANTENIMIENTO
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REALIAR MEDICIONES PARA OBTENER UNABASE DEL DIAGNOSTICO• ANALISIS DE GASES 0+ CO+ CO• OPACIDAD DE GASES• MEDICION DE TEMP[RATURAS DE GASES• MEDICION DE FLUJOS< COMUSTILE+ VAPOR+
PURGAS• TEMPERATURAS SUPERFICIALES< PERDIDAS POR
RADIACION CONVECCION
EFECTUAR DIAGNOSTICO• DIAGNOSTICO ENERGETICO DE LA CALDERA• PLANTEAMIENTO DE MEJORAS JUSTIFICADAS
TECNICA ECONOMICAMENTE
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6 LOS RECURSOS NECESARIOS PARA 2ACER UNAE8ALUACION ENERGETICA SON;• PERSONAL ESPECIALIZADO SOPORTE• INSTRUMENTOS< ANALIZADOR DE GASES+
TERMOMETROS+ MEDICIONES DE FLUJO+
PIROMETROS.
CONOCIENDO LAS CARACTERISTICAS TECNICASDE LA CALDERA+ SU MODO DE OPERACIN+CONSUMO ENERGETICO TENIENDO UN
DIAGNOSTICO DE SU EFICIENCIA LIMITACIONESES POSILE PLANTEAR UNA SERIE DE MEDIDASPARA EL AORRO DE ENREGIA MEDIANTE UNASERIE DE TECNICAS.
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REGULAR EL EXCESO DE AIRE
CONSISTE EN REGULAR LOS FLUJOS DE AIRE COMUSTILE DE TAL MANERA WUE SE MANTENGA UNARELACION AIRE COMUSTILE WUE PRODUZCA UN MINIMODE EXCESO DE AIRE PARA LA POTENCIA DEL WUEMADORWUE SE TRAAJE CON UNA MINIMA PRODUCCION DE
SUSTANCIAS RESULTANTES DE UN COMUSTIONINCOMPLETA.
TIPOS DE SISTEMAS
• CONTROL MANUAL
• CONTROL AUTOMATICO
• EN UCLE AIERTO
• CON RETROALIMENTACION
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DICOS SISTEMAS PUEDEN DAR ORIGEN A TIPOSDE CONTROL<
• EN SERIE• EN PARALELO• EN SERIE@ PARALELO LOS ENEFICIOS WUE SE CONSIGUEN AL REDUCIR
EL EXCESO DE AIRE SON LOS SIGUIENTES<• MENORES PERDIDAS DE CALOR CON EL GAS DE
CIMENEA WUE AANDONA LA CALDERA
• MAOR TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR RADIANTE.• REDUCCION DE GASES CONTAMINANTES• UNA MAOR EFICIENCIA DE LA CALDERA A MENOR
COSTO DE PRODUCCION DE VAPOR.
REEMPLAAR UEMADORES ON4OFF
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REEMPLAAR UEMADORES ON OFFPOR UEMADORES MODULANTES
E) r$$%)!6( -$ )(# #,#&$%!# -$ r$g)!',2n (n@(44-$ )! (&$n',! -$) 8$%!-(r (r #,#&$%!# 8$%(-)!n )! (&$n',! -$ !'$r-( ! )! '!rg! -$ )!'!)-$r!+ $r%,&$n n( #()( r$-',r )!# !)&!#&$%$r!&r!# -$) g!#+ #,n( &!%,3n )!# $r-,-!# -$'!)(r 8$ #$ -!n $n $) )!#( -$) #&!n-@+ !#, '(%()!# $r-,-!# !#(',!-!# '(n )! rg! -$ g!#$#'!),$n&$# -$ )! '!)-$r! !n&$# -$#3# -$ '!-!
',')( -$ 4$g(. $) '!%,( -$ #,#&$%! $-$,n'r$%$n&!r )! $4,',$n',! -$ n! '!)-$r! -$#-$75 ! 77. )! ,n$r#,2n r$8$r,-! $-$ #$r'!n&,(#!.
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REDUCIR LA PRESION DE 8APOR
A %$-,-! 8$ )! r$#,2n -$ !(r $n n! '!)-$r! !%$n&!+ &!%,3n!%$n&!n )!# $r-,-!# -$ $n$rg"! -$,-( ! )!# !)&!# &$%$r!&r!#-$) g!# -$ ',%$n$!+ %!(r$# 4g!# -$ !(r+ $r-,-!# -$ '!)(r !&r!3# -$ )!# !r$-$# -$ )! '!)-$r! &$r"!# -$ -,#&r,',2n %!(r$# $r-,-!# -$ !(r ! &r!3# -$ &r!%!#.
#, )! r$-'',2n $# $9'$#,! $-$n #rg,r r()$%!# '(%(<• ,n'r$%$n&( -$) !rr!#&r$ -$ %$-!- $n )! '!)-$r!.• !%$n&( -$) ()%$n $#$',4,'( -$) !(r =%/gB !) r$-',r )!
r$#,2n.• 4n',(n!%,$n&( ,n!-$'!-( -$ &r!%!# !)gn(# ,n#&r%$n&(#
#$n#,)$# ! )! &$%$r!&r!.• %$n(r &r!n#4$r$n',! -$ '!)(r $n )(# $8,(# #!r,(# -$ !(r.• $r-,-!# -$ r$n-,%,$n&( $n $8,(# !'',(n!-(# (r !(r.
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RECUPERAR CONDENSADOS
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L! r$'$r!',2n -$ '(n-$n#!-(# ,%),'! n!(rr( -$ '(%#&,)$ $n )! '!)-$r! %$n(r$#'(#&(# -$ !(r (r )!# #,g,$n&$# r!6(n$#<
• $) '(n-$#!-( n(r%!)%$n&$ r$&(rn! ! n!
&$%$r!&r! -$ 70\' ! ?0\'.• #, $) '(n-$n#!-( #$ ,$r-$ $) !g! -$!),%$n&!',2n &,$n$ 8$ #$r &r!&!-!.
• $) !g! -$ !),%$n&!',2n 8$ r$$%)!6! ! n
'(n-$n#!-( n( !r($'!-( '(n&,$n$,%r$6!# 8$ ,n'r$%$n&!n $) r3g,%$n -$ rg! )!# $r-,-!# -$ '!)(r !#(',!-(# ! -,'! rg!.
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CONDENSADOR DE 8APOR POR CONTACTO
E) '(n-$n#!-(r -$ !(r $# n $8,( 8$ #$ &,),6! !r! (&$n$r!g! '!),$n&$ !r($'!n-( )(# !(r$# r$#,-!)$# -$ !!+$n4r,;n-()(# #!)%$n&$ '(n !g! 4r"!.
En $#$n',! $#&; 4(r%!-( (r n -$2#,&( ',)"n-r,'( $r&,'!) '(n!r,!# $n&r!-!# #!),-!#<
@ $n&r!-! -$ !g! r$4r,g$r!n&$. @ $n&r!-! -$ !(r -$ !! r$#,2n. @ #!),-! -$ !g! '(n-$n#!-!. @ #!),-! -$ ,n'(n-$n#!)$#. -,'( #,#&$%! -$ r$'$r!',2n -$ '!)(r #$ %$#&r! $n )! 4,gr! .
En )(# '(n-$n#!-(r$# -$ '(n&!'&(+ $) !(r -$ !! r$#,2n #$(n$ $n '(n&!'&( '(n !g! %;# 4r"! -$ &!) 4(r%! 8$ $) !(r #$'(n-$n#! &r!n#4,$r$ # '!)(r )!&$n&$ !) )"8,-(+ $) '!) $)$! #&$%$r!&r!.
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En $) -,#$:( -$ n '(n-$n#!-(r -$$ #$g,r#$ n! #$r,$-$ 'r,&$r,(# '(n-'$n&$# !<
• $,&!r -$%!#,!-!# '!"-!# -$ r$#,2n.• $,&!r !rr!#&r$# -$ g(&!# -$ !g!.
• $),%,n!r ()#!# -$ !,r$.• &,),6!r !g! &r!&!-! !r! $,&!r ,n'r#&!',(n$#. L(# '(n-$n#!-(r$# -$ %$6')! #$ $%)$!n
$#$',!)%$n&$ '(%( %$-,(# -$ r$'$r!r '!)(r #, n( $#,%(r&!n&$ )! %$6')! -$) '(n-$n#!-( '(n $) !g! -$
$n4r,!%,$n&(+ ( ,$n $n #,&!',(n$# $n )!# 8$ )(#!(r$# $#&;n '(n&!%,n!-(#+ '(%( %$-,-! r$,! ! #$!'!',2n.
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• E) !(r 4)!# #$ r(-'$ #,$%r$ 8$ #$
r$-'$ )! r$#,2n -$) '(n-$n#!-( (r $$%)($n &r!%!# -$ !(r+ rg!# -$ '!)-$r!+ $&'
• E) !(rr( (&$n,-( $# % ,%(r&!n&$ )!,n$r#,2n #$ !%(r&,6! $n % ('( &,$%(+ !
8$ )! ,n#&!)!',2n #$)$ #$r !#&!n&$ #,%)$.• L! #$!r!',2n -$) !(r 4)!# -$) '(n-$n#!-(
#$ r$!),6! $n n &!n8$ -$ $9!n#,2n. -(n-$ #$
r(-'$ n! -,#%,n',2n -$ $)(',-!- -$ 4)(-$ !(r '(n-$n#!-(.
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FUGAS DE VAPOR DE AGUAC!n-( n! &$r"! #$ -!:! (r '(rr(#,2n ( !)g*n g()$ $n )(#$%!8$# ( n&!#+ $-$ ('!#,(n!r 4g!# -$ -,4$r$n&$ %!gn,&-.D,'!# 4g!# -$$n r$!r!r#$ )( !n&$# (#,)$+ ! 8$ r(('!n3r-,-!# -$<
Vapor Combustible
Dinero
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REDUCCION DE FUGAS DE 8APOR
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REDUCCION DE FUGAS DE 8APOR
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$n$rg"!. $n $) '!-r( #,g,$n&$ #$!'$ $r )! ,%(r&!n',! -$ n$n r(gr!%! -$ %!n&$n,%,$n&(
r$$n&,(.• A'',(n$# ! &(%!r<• C!%!:!# -$ #$n#,,),6!',2n
'(n',$n&,6!',2n -$) $r#(n!).• Pr(gr!%! -$ r$-'',2n -$ 4g!#
!r! $,&!r)!#.
• S$ )(gr!n ,%(r&!n&$# !(rr(# -$-,n$r(.
S$g*n )(ng,&- -$) $n!'( -$!(r
S$g*n $) &!%!:( -$ (r,4,',(
=!(r ! 100 #,gB
L(ng,&- =%B g/ Or,4,',( =)gB g/
0.5 01@!g( 1
0.75 11 %!r@1 >
1.00 1 Y 77
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1.50 > Y 1>
1.75
.00 10
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TRAMPAS PARA VAPOR
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TRAMPAS PARA VAPOR
DE AGUA
• Deinici"n
• E# n! ;))! !&(%;&,'! '! 4n',2n $# -$#'!rg!r'(n-$n#!-( #,n $r%,&,r 8$ $#'!$ !(r ,(
• Funciones
• Dr$n!r '(n-$n#!-(#
• E),%,n!r $) !,r$ (&r(# g!#$# n( '(n-$n#!)$#• Pr$$n,r )!# 3r-,-!# -$ !(r
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APLICACIONES DE LAS TRAMPAS DE
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APLICACIONES DE LAS TRAMPAS DE
VAPOR • T$r"!# -$ !(r
• C!)$4!'',2n -$ )('!)$#
• D$2#,&(# r$',,$n&$#
• Pr$n#!# -$ )!&(#%*)&,)$#
• C!)-$r!# -()$ 4(n-(!r! r('$#(#,n-#&r,!)$#
• E!(r!-(r$#
• S$'!-(r$# (r !,r$'!),$n&$
• C,),n-r(# #$'!-(r$#• T!n8$# -$!)%!'$n!%,$n&(
• C!)$n&!%,$n&( -$
&$r"!#
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MANTENIMIENTO DE TRAMPAS DE8APOR
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8APOR En n! r$- -$ -,#&r,',2n -$ !(r+ $) %!)
4n',(n!%,$n&( -$&$r,(r( -$ )!# &r!%!# -$ !(r (rg!-(r$# $-$n r(-',r $r-,-!# #$r,(r$# !) 10-$) &(&!) r(-',-( (r )!# '!)-$r!#. !r! )( '!) #$ -$$'(n#,-$r!r )( #,g,$n&$<
• #$)$'',2n -$) &,( !-$'!-( -$ &r!%! !r! $) #$r,',(
r$8$r,-(• -,#$:( !-$'!-( -$ )!# &$r"!# -$ -r$n!$ -$'(n-$n#!-(.
• #( -$ 4,)&r(# -$ r(&$'',2n !r! )!# &r!%!# -$ 4,)&r(.• r$,#,(n$# $r,2-,'!# -$) 4n',(n!%,$n&( -$ &r!%!#
),%,$6! -$) 4,)&r(#.• %!n&$n,%,$n&( n$'$#!r,( !r! '(n#$r!r $) #,#&$%!&r!!!n-( $n )!# '(n-,',(n$# (&,%!#. En )! r!'&,'! #$!-%,&$ n %!rg$n -$ 4!))!# $n 4g!# -$ !(r -$ n 5'(%( %;9,%(
CAUSAS DE LAS PERDIDAS DE
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ENERGIA A TRA8ES DE LAS TRAMPAS
• P$r-,-!# -,r$'&!#< #(n !8$))!# 8$ #$r(-'$n (r )! -$#'!rg! -$) !(r ,( !&r!3# -$ )! ;))! -$ $#'!$ -$ )!
&r!%!.• P$r-,-!# ,n-,r$'&!#< #(n &(-!# !8$))!#
8$ n( #(n$n !#( -$ !(r ! &r!$#
-$ )! ;))! -$ )! %,#%! &r!%!.
• E#&!# $r-,-!# #(n #,$%r$ '(n&,n!# # %!gn,&-
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E#&!# $r-,-!# #(n #,$%r$ '(n&,n!# # %!gn,&--$$n-$ -$ -(# 4!'&(r$#<!B &!%!:( -$ )! &r!%!
B &$%$r!&r! -$ -$#'!rg! -$ )! %,#%! 4!#$ $n #,n&$r,(r
M3&(-(# !r! '(%r(!r $) 4n',(n!%,$n&( -$ )!# &r!%!#
-$ !(r<
4%3&(-( ,#!)@'(n&r() (r %$-,',2n -$ &$%$r!&r! !n&$# -$#3# -$ )!
&r!%!@%3&(-( !'*#&,'(
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• E8,( %,'r( #2n,'( $#&$&(#'(,( ]7
AISLAMIENTO
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AISLAMIENTO
• Deinici"n
• M!&$r,!) &$r%(!,#)!n&$ 8$ (#$$ !! '(n-'&,,-!-&3r%,'! 8$ (r &!n&( r$#$n&! r$#,#&$n',! !) 4)( -$
'!)(r.
• Sis$e#a $e!#oaislan$e
• C(%,n!',2n -$ %!&$r,!)$# 8$ ,n'(r(r! n %!&$r,!)&$r%(!,#)!n&$+ %!&$r,!)$# -$ #$',2n+ !rr$r! -$ !(r=!r! #$r,',( ! !! &$%$r!&r!B %!&$r,!)$# -$!'!!-(+ $n $) r$'r,%,$n&( -$ $8,( ( &$r"!#.
A LA NORMA
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A LA NORMA
• Po! !an%o de $e#'e!a$u!a; Y A)&! &$%$r!&r!+ %!(r -$ 7 ^C Y !! &$%$r!&r!+ %$n(r -$ 7 ^C
• Co#'osici"n ) es$!uc$u!a in$e!na; Y F,r!# %,n$r!)$#
Y C$))!r$# Y Gr!n)!r$#
• Fo!#a de '!esen$aci"n; Y R"g,-(# Y F)$9,)$#
Y C()'(n$&!# Y C$%$n&(# %(n()"&,'(# Y E#%!#
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ME9ORAR EL AISLAMIENTO
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REFLEXIONEMOS
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REFLEXIONEMOS
UNI8ERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CALLAO
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FACULTAD DE ING. MECANICA ENERGIA
• AUDITORIAS ENERGETICAS EN LA INDUSTRIA
Dr. Ing. JUAN M. PALOMINO CORREA
SISTEMAS ENERGETICOS
INTEGRADOS EN LA INDUSTRIA
SISTEMAS ENERGETICOS INTEGRADOS
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EL APRO8EC2AMIENTO DE CALOR
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LA REFRIGERACION POR ABSORCION
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SOL8ENTES
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UNI8ERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CALLAOFACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
ENERGIA
AUDITORIAS ENERGETICASMEDICION DE FLUJOS ENERG[TICOS
EN LA INDUSTRIADr. Ing. JUAN M. PALOMINO CORREA
INTRODUCCION
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EL BALANCE DE ENERGIA DEL EUIPO
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CLASIFICACION DE LOS MEDIDORES DECAUDAL
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Sistema Medidor
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GASES PRESENTES EN LA COMBUSTION
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ANALISIS DE RESULTADOS DE LAMEDICION DE GASES DE COMBUSTION
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MEDICIN DE INTENSIDAD DE CORRIENTE4 EL AMPER>METRO
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UNI8ERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CALLAOFACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
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FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
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Dr. Ing. JUAN M. PALOMINO CORREA
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EVALUACIONES
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CRITERIOS DE EVALUACION
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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DELCALLAOFACULTAD DE ING. MECANICA
ENERGIA
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ENERGIA
XXXVI CURSO DE ACTUALIZACION PROFESIONAL
AUDITORIAS ENERGETICASDr. Ing. JUAN MANUEL PALOMINO CORREA
METAS OJETIVOS DE UNA GESTION ENERGETICAEMPRESARIAL
ELEMENTOS DE LA GESTION ENERGETICAIMPLEMENTACION DE UNA GESTION ENERGETICAEMPRESARIAL
1. INTRODUCCION
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PROPUESTAS DEL SISTEMA DEGESTION A LA GERENCIA
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. MPLEMENTACION DE UNA GESTIONENERGETICA EMPRESARIAL
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FUNCIONES DE LOS ELEMENTOS DELCONTROLLING ENERGETICO
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• GRACIAS POR SU ATENCION
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GENERALIDADESGENERALIDADES
• LOS PROECTOS DE APROVECAMIENTO DE TECNOLOGIAS
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ENERGETICAS EFICIENTES DEEN CUMPLIR CON OJETIVOSECONOMICOS.
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• CONTRIUIR A REDUCIR LOS COSTOS DE OPERACIN
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LOS COSTOS DE INVERSIN DE OPERACINSON LOS FACTORES DE MAOR INFLUENCIA EN LA
RENTAILIDAD DE UN PROECTO.
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LOS COSTOS DE OPERACIN< R$#)&!n -$)r('$#( -$ r(-'',2n
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TRANSPORTE TRATAMIENTOB• COSTOS DE ADMINISTRACION
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DE INVERTIR EN DETERMINADA ACTUACION O PROECTO DECONSERVACION DE ENERGIA+ UTILIZA INDICADORES DERENTAILIDAD . ESTE ANALISIS CONSIDERA FACTORESCOMO INVERSIONES+ AORROS+ COSTOS+ VIDA UTIL+INFLACION+ FISCALIDAD+ ETC.
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PERIODO DE REPAGO *PAY BAC-
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LA INVERSION PUEDE SER RECUPERADA+ SIN CONSIDERARLA ACTUALIZACION DEL DINERO. ESTE PERIODO SEEXPREESA MEDIANTE LA SIGUIENTE RELACION<
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CONSIDERA LA ACTUALIZACION DEL DINERO. EL RETORNO DE LAINVERSION SE EXPRESA MEDIANTE LA SIGUIENTE IGUALDAD<
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MEDIANA O ALTA INVERSION CONSIDERANECESARIAMENTE LA DISMINUCION DEL DINERO ALO LARGO DEL TIEMPO.
• LOS AORROS POR CONCEPTO DE ENERGIA+ ASI
COMO LOS COSTOS DE OPERACIN MANTENIMIENTO+ SON VARIALES DURANTE LAVIDA UTIL DE CUALWUIER EWUIPO POR LO TANTOES NECESARIO REAJUSTARLOS AL PRESENTE+MEDIANTE EL INTERES COMPUESTO+ PARA
COMPARARLOS CON LA INVERSION INICIAL.
CALCULO COMPARATI8O DE COSTOSCALCULO COMPARATI8O DE COSTOS
E#&$ r('$-,%,$n&( -$ $!)!',2n '(n&r,$ ! n!
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'(%!r!',2n -$ '(#&(# (r n,-!- -$ &,$%( -$ )!#
-,4$r$n&$# !)&$rn!&,!# -$ ,n$r#,2n. '(n #,%,)!r$#($&,(# &!n&( '!),&!&,(# '(%( '!n&,&!&,(#+ .$.#%,n,#&r( -$ )! $n$rg"! $)3'&r,'! )! !&(g$n$r!',2n.
F!'&(r$# ')!$# $n $) !n;),#,#<
• L! -$r$',!',2n ),n$!) -r!n&$ $) &,$%( *&,)
• T!#! -$ ,n&$r3# r(%$-,( -$) '!,&!)
Fi%u!a @ Ee#'lo de Es$i#acionesPlan$a 2id!oel:c$!ica o Mo$o! Diesel
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En n !n;),#,# '(%!r!&,(# -$ '(#&(# -$ r(-'',2n #$
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r$'(n('$ 8$ )! '$n&r!) ,-r;),'! &,$n$ '(#&(# n,&!r,(#%$n(r$# 8$ )! )!n&! -,$#$). S,n $%!rg(+ !*n n( #$$-$ !4,r%!r 8$ )! '$n&r!) ,-r;),'! g$n$r! g!n!n',!#.C(n#,-$r!n-( )! %,#%! r(-'',2n -$ $n$rg"!+ )! '$n&r!)
,-r($)3'&r,'! &,$n$ n! %!(r ,-! *&,)+ &,$n$ %$n(r$#'(#&(# ($r!&,(# )(# '(#&(# !n!),6!-(# = #$ '(n#,-$r!%!n&$n,%,$n&(+ r$!r!',(n$#+ g!#&(# !-%,n,#&r!&,(#+ -$r$',!',2n +$&'.
RENTABILIDADRENTABILIDAD
• SE ESTIMA LA RENTAILIDAD DEL PROECTO CALCULANDO LOS
7/23/2019 AUDITORIAS ENERGETICAS 2015
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INTERESES DEL CAPITAL EMPLEADO.• CALCULAR UNA TASA DE RETORNO DE LA INVERSION MINIMA
• ESTE RETORNO MINIMO DEE SER MAOR A LA TASA DEINTERES.MAS LO CORRESPONDIENTE A LA GANANCIA ADICIONALDESEADO DEL CAPITAL INVERTIDO.
• UN RETORNO MINIMO MAOR A LA TASA COMERCIAL INDICA WUE ELPROECTO ES RENTALE.+ CASO CONTRARIO NO CONVIENEINVERTIR EN DICA OPCION.
• PARA VARIAS ALTERNATIVAS SI TODAS LAS TASAS DE RETORNOMINIMO SON MAORES A LA TASA COMERCIAL SE ELIGE LA DEMAOR TASA =GANANCIAB
ANUALIDAD
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• Un %$(r %3&(-( %;# $9!'&( !r!$#&,%!r )! r$n&!,),-!- $# $) ';)')(-$ )! !n!),-!-. E#&$ %3&(-(
'(n,$r&$ &(-(# )(# 4)(# 4,n!n',$r(#$n n! #$r,$ -$ !g(# !n!)$#,g!)$#+ $# -$',r+ -$) %,#%( ,%(r&$.
8ALOR PRESENTE NETO
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• Un %3&(-( !-$'!-( !r! $#&,%!r )!r$n&!,),-!- -$ n! ,n$r#,2n $# $)%3&(-( -$) !)(r r$#$n&$ n$&(. E#&$!)(r r$r$#$n&! )! #%! -$) !)(r !'&!)
-$ &(-(# )(# 4)(# 4,n!n',$r(# !#(',!-(# !)! ,n$r#,2n. E#&$ %3&(-( #$ !),'!$#$',!)%$n&$ !r! $) '!#( -$
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