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CQUAN DINH DNG(Thn cy)
Trn Th Thanh HngKhoa Khoa hc
Chng III
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THN CYTHN CY LL bb phphnn ccaa cycy nnii lilinn gigiaa ll vv rr
ChChcc nngnng ccaa thnthn::
NngNng
VVnn chuychuynn nhnhaa nguynnguyn vv nhnhaa luyluynn
TngTng ccngng bb mmtt ngng hoho
NgoNgoii rara cncn llmm nhinhimm vv quangquang hhpp vv sinhsinhssnn dinhdinh ddngng
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HHnhnh ththii thnthn CCcc bb phphnn ccaa thnthn
CCcc loloii chchii
CCcc ddngng thnthn
CCcc loloii thnthn trongtrong khngkhng giangian
BiBinn ddngng ccaa thnthn
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Cc b phn ca thn
H thnLng
H rR chnh
R bn
Thn chnh
Phin lCung lL
Cnh
Chi nch
Mu
HoaChi ngn
Chi ca cnh
Gc thn
Nch l
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CCcc bb phphnn ccaa thnthn Thn chnh: thng c dng hnh tr, cthphn nhnh hoc khng, mang l v chi
Cnh: l nhng nhnh bn ca thn chnh
Mu: l ni l nh vo thn hoc cnh
Nch l: gc to bi thn hoc cnh vicung l
Lng (Ging): khong cch gia 2 mu gn nhau nht
Gc thn: ranh gii gia thn v r
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CCcc loloii chchii ChChii ngngnn ((chchii ttnn ccngng)):: NNmm uu ttnn ccngng ccaa
ngngnn thnthn hayhay ccnhnh,, trongtrong chchii ngngnn cc mm phnphn sinhsinh ngngnn
ChChii nnchch ((chchii bnbn)):: NNmm cccc nnchch ll,, ccuu ttoo gigingngnhnh chchii ngngnn,, ss ttoo rara ccnhnh hayhay hoahoa
ChChii ngng:: ll chchii nnchch trtrngng ththii nghngh nhinhiuu nmnm khngkhng
ththii hhnn.. ChChii ngng:: cccc vvngng nn ii,, cccc chchii ngngnn vv chchii
nnchch trtrngng ththii nghngh kkoo ddii trongtrong mmyy ththngng llnhnh ggii llchchii ngng..
ChChii phph:: CC ththmmcc tt nhinhiuu vv trtr vv cc quanquan khkhccnhaunhau ccaa cycy.. VV dd:: TrnTrn thnthn chchnhnh,, trntrn ccnhnh,, trntrn ccccmmuu ((tretre,, mmaa,, llaa),), trntrn cccc rr cycy ((xoanxoan,, hhngng),), trntrnll cycy ((thuthucc bbngng))
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CCcc ddngng thnthn ThnThn gg:: ll thnthn ccaa nhnhngng cycy ssngng lulu nmnm,,
cc ccuu ttoo ccpp 22 rrtt phphtt tritrinn,, thnthn chchnhnhphphtt tritrinn mmnhnh vv chch phnphn ccnhnh tt mmttchichiuu caocao nhnhtt nhnh
CyCy
gg
nhnh
::
caocao
tt
55
--15m .15m .
VV
dd
::
CyCy
bb
ii,,
ii......
CyCy gg vvaa hayhay trungtrung bbnhnh:: caocao 1515--25m.25m. VV
dd:: DD,, NgNgcc lanlan...... CyCy gg llnn:: caocao trntrn 25m .25m . VVdd:: ChCh chch,,
Lim...Lim...
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CCcc ddngng thnthn ThnThn bbii:: cycy gg ssngng nhinhiuu nmnm,, cc ccuu
ttoo ccpp 2,2, thnthn chchnhnh kkmm phphtt tritrinn,, cc ss
phnphn ccnhnh bb
tt
uu tt
gg
cc cc
aa thnthn chchnhnh..VVdd:: SimSim,, MuaMua......
ThnThn nnaa bbii:: cycy ssngng nhinhiuu nmnm,, ccthnthn hhaa gg mmtt phphnn phphnn ggnn ggcc,,phphnn ngngnn khngkhng hhaa gg vv chchtt ii vvoo cucuii
ththii kk dinhdinh ddngng..
VVdd:: CC lloo,, DDaa ddii......
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CCcc ddngng thnthn ThnThn ththoo ((ThnThn cc)):: PhPhnn thnthn trntrn mmtt tt
chchtt vvoo cucuii ththii kk rara hoahoa kktt ququ..
ThnThn ththoo 11 nmnm:: bbtt uu vv kktt ththcc ii ssngngccaa nn trongtrong vngvng mmtt nmnm.. VV dd:: LLaa,, ngng,, llcc,...,...
ThnThn ththoo 22 nmnm:: nmnm uu phphtt tritrinn cc quanquan sinhsinhddngng,, nmnm sausau chocho rara cc quanquan sinhsinh ssnn.. VV dd::cycy cc rrtt
ThnThn ththoo nhinhiuu nmnm:: CyCy cc thnthn ngngmm phphtttritrinn ddii tt ssngng nhinhiuu nmnm.. VV dd:: CC tranhtranh,,cc may,...may,...
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CCcc loloii thnthn trongtrong khngkhng giangian
ThnThn ngng:: ThnThn mmcc ththngng ngng..
HHuu hhtt cccc cycy thnthn gg vv mmtt phphnn cycy thnthn ccthuthucc loloii nnyy
ThnThn bb:: CyCy khngkhng
ccngng rrnn
ngngththngng mm phphii bb lanlan sstt mmtt tt..
VV dd:: dudu tyty,, raurau mm,, khoaikhoai langlang
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CCcc loloii thnthn trongtrong khngkhng giangian
Thn leo (dy leo): Cy khng kh nng mcng mt mnh, phi da vo cc cy khc hoc da vogin
Leo nh thn qun V d: Bm bm, mng ti
Leo nh tua cun V d: Bu, BLeo nh gai mc V d: Cy my
Leo nh r bm V d: Tru khng, h tiu
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BiBinn ddngng ccaa thnthn CCnhnh hhnhnh ll:: CCnhnh bibinn
ii ththnhnh ll trntrn cc mangmang
nhnh
ngng
ll
nhnh
hh
nhnh
vv
yy
.
.
VV dd:: CyCy ququnhnh
GiGi thnthn:: thnthn ddyy lnln,, chchiingngnn bb tiutiu gigimm chch mangmangmmtt nn haihai ll phphtt tritrinnbbnhnh ththngng,, tt chchii nnchchss phphtt tritrinn ththnhnh gigi mmii
VV dd:: CyCy lanlan
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BiBinn ddngng ccaa thnthn ThnThn cc trntrn mmtt tt
((VV dd: Su: Su hhoo)) cc dodothnthn bibinn ii ththnhnh
ThnThn cc ddii mmtt tt((VV dd:: cc khoaikhoai tyty)) ccdodo ccnhnh nnmm ddii tt
bibinn ii ththnhnh
ThnThn cc
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BiBinn ddngng ccaa thnthn ThnThn rr:: ll loloii thnthnngngmm ddii tt mm bb
ngongoii trngtrng gigingng nhnhrr chchaa chchtt ddtrtr..
VV dd:: CC tranhtranh,, GGngng,,
ChuChuii......
ThnThn hhnhnh:: ll loloii chchiingngmm ddii tt,, rrtt ngngnn
ththngng cc ddngng ddtt,,hhnhnh ququ ll,, hhnhnh ccuuddpp.. VV dd:: HHnhnh tyty
Thnhnh
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BiBinn ddngng ccaa thnthn ThnThn mmngng nncc::
ThThngng ggpp nhnhngng loloiissngng cccc nini khkh hhnn,,thnthn ththngng ddyy lnln chchaa
nhinhiuu n
n
cc vv didipp llcc
VV dd:: ThnThn cycy cccc loloii
xngx
ng rrngng,, ccnhnh giaogiao
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CCU TU TO GIO GII PHI PHU CU CA THNA THNThnThn vv ccnhnh uu cc ccuu ttoo gigingng nhaunhau,, uu cc ii
xxngng quaqua mmtt trtrccBaoBao ggmm::
CCuu ttoo ss ccpp ((ccuu ttoo ccpp 1)1) ThnThn cycy hhtt trtrnn vv thnthn cycy 22 ll mmmm
ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmm
CCuu ttoo ththccpp ((ccuu ttoo ccpp 2)2) ThnThn cycy hhtt trtrnn vv thnthn cycy 22 ll mmmm
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ThnThn cycy hhtt trtrnn vv thnthn cycy 22 llmmmm ss ccpp ((ccpp 1)1)
CCuu ttoo ggmm 22phphnn::
VV mmngng
TrTr gigiaa ddyy
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Thn cy ht trn v thn cy 2 l
mm scp (cp 1)
S cu tothn cy 2 l mm scp
Kh khng
Biu b
Hu m
Nhu m v
Tng sinh
btTr b
B libe
B g
Nhu m rut
V
TR GIA
V
Tng tng L-G
Bmch
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ThnThn cycy 22 ll mmmm ss ccpp ((ccpp 1)1)PhPhnn vv BiBiuu bb:: ththngng ggmm mmtt llpp ttbboo ssngng khngkhng chchaa llcc
llpp,, cc tt khkh khkhngng,, mmtt ngongoii ththngng cc phph mmtt llppcutincutin hohocc cc lnglng hohocc cc gaigai
HHuu mm:: ngayngay ddii llpp bibiuu bb ggmm cccc tt bboo ssngng cc
vvchch ddyy lnln khngkhng
uu,, llmm ththnhnh mmtt vngvng linlin ttcc hohoccttpp trungtrung cccc khkhaa
NhuNhu mm vv:: nnmm phphaa trongtrong hhuu mm,, ggmm vvii llpp ttbboossngng,, chchaa llcc llpp thnthn non,non, ccnhnh nonnon
TTngng sinhsinh bbtt:: tngtng ngng vvii nnii bb ccaa rr cycy.. CCuuttoo bbii mmtt llpp ttbboo ssngng chchaa nhinhiuu tinhtinh bbtt
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ThnThn cycy 22 ll mmmm ss ccpp ((ccpp
1)1)TrTr gigiaa
TrTr bb:: ggmm mmtt hohocc mmtt ss llpp ttbboo,, xxpp xenxen kkvvii ttngng sinhsinh bbtt
BB mmchch hh ggmm::
BB gg vv bb libelibe xxpp chchngng chchtt BB gg vv bb libelibe xxpp chchngng chchtt kkpp ((VV dd:: HH
khoaikhoai langlang,, bbuu bb))
XXpp ththnhnh 11 vngvng,, cc thth22 vngvng ((VVdd:: BBngng)) BB gg phnphn hhaa lili tmtm
NhuNhu mm rurutt:: rrtt nhinhiuu,, chchaa chchtt dd trtrbnbn trongtrong,,
cc mm tititt nh
nh
ttbboo tititt,, ngng tititt,, ngng nhnhaa mm
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Thn cy 2 l mm scp (cp
1)
Cu to mt phn thn cy 2 l mm cp1
Hu m
Nhu m vTng sinh bt
Tr b
B libeTng tng libegB g
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ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmmKhngKhng phnphn bibitt vv vv trtr gigiaa
ChiaChia llmm 33 loloii thnthn:: ThnThn cc
ThnThn rr ThnThn ngngmm
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Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn
c)
S cu tothn cy 1 l mm
(Thn c)
Kh khng
Biu b
Cng m
Nhu m
B libe
B gB mch
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ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmm ((ThnThn cc))
BiBiuu bb:: ggmm 11 llpp ttbboo ssngng,, cc tt khkh khkhngng.. MMngng ngongoiiccaa bibiuu bb cc ththnhinhimm silicsilic,, cutincutin hayhay llpp sspp
CngCng mm:: ngayngay ddii bibiuu bb,, llmm ththnhnh mmtt vngvng ((mmaa,...),...)hayhaybaobao quanhquanh bb mmchch
NhuNhu mm:: cccc llpp nhunhu mm phphaa ngongoii chchaa llcc llpp,, nhunhu mm phphaa
trongtrong chchaa chchtt ddtrtr BB mmchch:: kknn,, ggmm bb gg vv bb libelibe xxpp chchngng chchtt,, libelibe
ngongoii,, gg trongtrong,, libelibe phnphn hhaa hhngng tmtm,, gg phnphn hhaa lili tmtm..
CCcc bb mmchch xxpp ththnhnh nhinhiuu vngvng:: cccc vngvng ngongoii bbmmchch nhnh,, nhinhiuu,, vngvng cngcng mm ddyy,, ccngng vvoo tmtm ss llngngbb mmchch tt vv to,to, vngvng cngcng mm mmngng..
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Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)
Cu to mt phn thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)
Biu b
Cng m
Nhu m
B mch
Nhu m
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So snh thn cy 2 l mm
v thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)
TG
Tng tng L-
G
Kh khngBiu b
Hu m
Nhu m v
Tng sinh bt
Tr bB libe
B gNhu m rut
V
V
Khkhng
Biu b
Cng m
Nhu m
B libe
B g
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Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn r)
Rng
Biu b
Cngm
B libe
B g
Nhu m
S cu tothn cy 1 l mm
(Thn r)
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ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmm ((ThnThn cc)) BiBiuu bb:: ggmm mmtt llpp ttbboo ssngng,, cc tt khkh khkhngng..
MMngng ngongoii ccaa bibiuu bb cc thth nhinhimm silicsilic,, cutincutin
hayhay llpp sspp CngCng mm:: ngayngay ddii bibiuu bb llmm ththnhnh mmtt vngvng
rrtt phphtt tritrinn hohocc baobao quanhquanh cccc bb mmchch
NhuNhu mm:: xenxen gigiaa vngvng cngcng mm,, chchaa llcc llppllmm chocho thnthn nonnon cc mmuu xanhxanh
BB mmchch:: xxpp ththnhnh 22 vngvng,, vngvng ngongoii ggmmnhnhngng bb mmchch nhnh xxpp trongtrong llpp cngcng mm,, vngvngtrongtrong ggmm cccc bb llnn hnhn nnmm susu trongtrong thnthn
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Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)
Cu to mt phn
thn cy 1 l mm(Thn r)
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Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn ngm)
S cu tothn cy 1 l mm
(Thn ngm)
Biu b
Cng m
Nhu m v
Ni b
Tr bB libe
B g
Nhu m rut
V
V
TR GIA
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ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmm ((ThnThn ngngmm))
ChiaChia llmm 22phphnn
VV ((ddyy)) BiBiuu bb:: ggmm mmtt llpp ttbboo ssngng,, khikhi thnthn
gigi thth llpp ttbboo nnyy ngngmm chchtt bbnn
CngCng mm:: sstt bibiuu bb vv quanhquanh bb mmchch
NhuNhu mm vv:: ddyy,, ggmm nhinhiuu llpp ttbboo ssngng NNii bb:: ll mmtt llpp tt bboo ssngng cc khungkhung
subesube
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ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmm ((ThnThn ngngmm))
TrTr gigiaa ((nhnh))
TrTr bb:: ggmm vvii llpp ttbboo ssngng xxpp xenxen kkvvii llpp nnii bb
BB mmchch:: kknn,, xxpp ngng tmtm,, libelibe trongtrong,,gg baobao ngongoii.. BB mmchch xxpp llnn xxnn
NhuNhu mm rurutt:: tt
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ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmm ((ThnThn ngngmm))CCuu ttoo mangmang cc iimm ccaa thnthn cycy mmtt ll mmmm vvrr cycy mmtt ll mmmm
cc i
imm ccaa rr cycy 11 ll mmmmChiaChia llmm 22phphnn:: vv ddyy,, trtr gigiaa nhnhNNii bb cc khungkhung subesube
cc iimm ccaa thnthn cycy 11 ll mmmm
MM cc ll cngcng mm
BB mmchch nhinhiuu vngvngBB mmchch kknnCC bibiuu bb
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CCuu ttoo ththccppChCh cc ngngnhnh hhtt trtrnn vv llpp 22 ll mmmmccaa ngngnhnh hhtt kknn
DoDo ss hohott ngng ccaa mm phnphn sinhsinh ththccpp ggmm::
TTngng sinhsinh bbnn
TTngng ttngng libelibe gg
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Cu to thcpBn
Tng sinh bnTng sinh bnLc b
Nhu m v + humSi tr b
Si libe 2
Libe 2
Tng tng libegG 2
G 1
Tia rut
Nhu m rut
S cu tothn cy 2 l mm
thcp
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TTngng sinhsinh bbnn
HoHott ngng chocho rara bnbn ngongoii ll bbnn,, bnbn trongtrongll llcc bb
CCcc tt bboo bbnn,, ttngng sinhsinh bbnn,, llcc bb xxpp xuynxuyntmtm. 3. 3 llpp ttbboo nnyy hhpp llii ththnhnh chuchu bb
NhiNhiuu llpp chuchu bb hhpp ththnhnh thth bb ((ggpp cycy rrttgigi))
CCquanquan traotrao ii khkh vv thothott hihi nncc ll bb khkhngng
Tng sinh bn
Bn
Nhu b
Chu
b
Thb
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TTngng ttngng libelibe ggHoHott ngng chocho rara libelibe 22 bnbn ngongoii vv gg 22 bnbntrongtrong
LibeLibe 22: hay: hay vv ccpp 2,2, ggmm cccc loloii mm sausau::
MM ddnn:: mmchch ryry vv ttbboo kkmm
MM ddtrtr:: nhunhu mm libelibe,, tiatia libelibe
MM c
c
:: ssii libelibe 2,2, ssii trtr bb MM tititt:: cc thth cc ngng nhnhaa mm,, ngng
tititt
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TTngng ttngng libelibe gg G 2: nm pha ngoi g 1, gm cc loi
m sau:
M dn: mch g
M dtr: nhu m g, tia gM c: si g, cy ht trn khng c
si g
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Cu to thcp
Cu to mt phn thn cy 2 l mm thcp
Bn v tng sinh bn
Nhu m v + Hu mSi tr b + Si libe 2
Libe 2
G 2
G 1
Tng tng libe g
Tia rut
Nhu m rut
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G dc v g rngcc cy g trng thnh, g thng chialm 2 min: min ngoi gi l g dc, min
trong gi l g rng (g li)
Mt on thn cy g gi b ca ngang1. V cy; 2. G dc; 3. G rng
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GG ddcc vv gg rngrngGG ddcc:: sstt vvii ttngng ttngng ll phphnn gg ssngng,,
mmmm,, cc mmuu nhnhtt,, mmchch gg cncn ddnn nhnhaa,,
nhunhu mm gg chchaa nhinhiuu chchtt dd trtr nnnn dd bbmmii mmtt,, khngkhng cc gigi trtr kinhkinh tt
GG rngrng:: gg trungtrung tmtm ccaa thnthn,, ll phphnn ggchchtt,, cccc mmchch gg khngkhng cncn ddnn nhnhaa vv bbttcc,, cccc nhunhu mm gg chchaa nhinhiuu chchtt dduu,, tanintaninnnnn cc mmuu ssmm vv rrnn chchcc,, tt bb mmii mmtt,, ccgigi trtr kinhkinh ttcaocao