GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 1
A≤ym-]-\hpw A≤y-b-\hpw -- ˛ hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-sSbpw
c£n-Xm-°-fp-sSbpw, A≤ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw ]¶v
tUm.-Fw.-]n.-N-µ-ti-J-c≥ (ap≥ Ub-d-IvS¿, F≥.-sF.-Sn.-tIm-gn-t°m-Sv,
ap≥ Uo≥ AarX hniz-hn-Zym-]oTw, tImb-º-Øq¿)
C∂v tIc-f-Ønse ]Xn-\mdv ]Xn-t\gv hb- p≈ GsXmcp hnZym¿∞nbpw
(c-£n-Xm-hpw) BK-ln-°p-∂Xv Hcp s]m^-j-W¬ tImtf-Pn¬ ]th-i\w In´m-\m-
Wv. AXn¬Øs∂ saUn-kn≥ As√-¶n¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-°p∂
Ip´n-I-fn¬ Nne¿°v amXta Ah¿ BK-ln® _m©nepw tImtf-Pnepw ]th-i\w
In´m≥ km[y-X-bp-≈q. A√m-Ø-h¿ H´pw ZpxJn-t°-≠-Xn-√. ImcWw F©n-\o-b-dnwKpw
saUn-kn-\p-a-√msX Ip´n-bpsS A`n-cp-Nn-°-\p-k-cn® \nc-h[n tImgvkp-Iƒ Ct∏mƒ
\ne-hn-ep-≠v. amX-a-√, F©n-\o-b-dn-ßn-s\-∏‰ntbm _m©p-I-sf-∏-‰ntbm H∂pw Adn-
bm-sX-bmWv Cu BK-l-߃ Dcp-Øn-cn-bp∂Xv. ]Tn®p apt∂m´p t]mIp-tºmƒ
amXta Xm≥ BK-ln-®Xv CXv Xs∂-bmtWm F∂v Adn-bm≥ ]‰q. C∂n-hnsS IqSn-
bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ qcn-`m-Khpw s]m^-j-W¬ hnZym-`ym-k-sØ-∏‰n Imcy-amb Adnhv
t\Sm-Ø-h-cm-sW∂mWv Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv.
C∂v s]mXpsh I≠p-h-cp-∂Xv kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ GI Dt±iyw
]co£ ]m mhepw am¿°v hmßepw amX-am-sW-∂m-Wv. Cu kao-]-\Øns‚ ][m\
t]mcmbva Adnhv t\Sn, AXv kzmb-Ø-am°n Pohn-X-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈
Xøm-sd-Sp∏v \S-Øp-I-sb∂ ]mY-an-I-amb e£yw hnZym-`ym-k-Øn¬ \n∂pw
tNm¿∂p t]mIp∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. ]ªnIv ]co-£-Iƒs°√mw 98% t]sc ]m m-
°pI IqSn sNbvX-t∏mƒ [mcmfw am¿°v hmßn H∂nepw Adnhv t\SmØ Hcp
Xe-ap-dsb hm¿sØ-Sp-°m≥ C∂sØ hnZym-`ymk \b-Øn\v Ign-™n-´p-≠v. ]co-
£-bn¬ H∂pw ]Tn-°msX Xs∂ \√ am¿°v In´p-sa∂ ÿnXn h∂m¬ Ip´n-
Iƒ°v ]Tn-°m-\p≈ D’m-lhpw ]co-£-Iƒ t\cn-Sm-\p≈ ss[cyhpw \jvS-s∏-
Sp-∂p. ASpØ ImeØv s]m^-j-W¬ tImtf-Pp-I-fn¬ tNcp-∂-Xn¬ \s√m-cp
hn`mKw Ip´n-Iƒ Cu KW-Øn¬s∏´-h-cm-Wv.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 2
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
tIc-f-Øn¬ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kn\p tNcp∂ Ip´n-I-fn¬ 25˛30 iX-am\w amXta
\mev h¿jw sIm≠v tImgvkv ]q¿Øn-bm°n UnKn kºm-Zn®p t]mIp-∂p-≈q. _m°n-
bp-≈-h¿ ]e ska-Ã-dp-I-fn-embn tXm‰p InS-°p-∂p. CXns‚ ImcWw At\z-jn®p
sN∂m¬ a\- n-em-hpI \mw tIc-f-sØ-∏‰n ]d™p \S-°p∂ hnZym-`ym-k-s∏-cpa
hfsc s]m≈-bm-sW∂mWv kvIqfp-I-fn¬ F πkv tKUpw Db¿∂ dm¶pw hmßn
hcp∂ Ip´n-Iƒ Ft¥ Cßs\ tXm‰p t]mIp∂p? H∂m-asØ ImcWw kzmib
ioehpw At\z-jW _p≤nbpw \nt»jw \in-∏n®v tNmZy-ßfpw DØ-c-ßfpw
ImWmsX ]Tn®p ]co£ ]mkm-Ip∂ coXn ]Øp ]¥≠p sIm√w ]cn-N-bn-®-Xn-\p-
tijw Bi-b-sØ-fn-®hpw k¿§m-fl-I-Xbpw Bh-iy-ap≈ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ]T-\-coXn
XnI®pw A\y-ambn tXm∂p-∂p F∂XmWv ]e Ip´n-Ifpw H∂mw h¿jsØ hnj-b-
ß-fpsS ap∂n¬ ]I®p \n¬-°m≥ ImcWw. Pohn-X-Øn¬ Hcn-°epw tXm¬°mØ
Ip´n-Iƒ°v CXv Hcp `oI-c-amb A\p-`-h-am-Wv. Ah¿ Cu ÿnXn-hn-tijw t\cn-Sp-
∂Xv c≠p hn[-Øn-em-Wv. H∂v, BZy-ambn hcp∂ tXm¬hnsb Hcp sh√p-hn-fn-bmbn
kzoI-cn®v Ah-\-hs‚ ]cmPbw DS®p hm¿Øp hn⁄m\w t\Sn apt∂-dp-I. c≠v,
tXm¬hn-bn¬ \ncm-i-\mbn ¢m n¬ t]mImsX ho≠pw tXm‰v tXm¬hn Hcp ioe-
am°n am‰p-I. Aß-s\-bp-≈-h-cmWv \mev sIm√w sIm≠v ]Xn-\©pw Ccp-]Xpw
_m°v t]∏-dp-ambn tIm-tf-Pp-I-fn¬ ASn™p InS-°p-∂-Xv.
Cu ÿnXn hnti-j-Øn\p Hcp ImcWw hnNn-X-amb bqWn-th-gvkn‰n \nb-a-
ß-fm-Wv. FX hnjbw tXm‰mepw Ah-km\ h¿jw hsc Ib-dn-t∏m-Im≥ bmsXmcp
XS- hp-an-√. hnhcw amXm-]n-Xm-°sf Adn-bn-°p∂ Nne ÿm]-\-ß-fp-≠v. ]s£
`qcn-]£w c£n-Xm-°fpw Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ A⁄-cm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v a°sf
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pn¬ Ab-bv°p∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ ]Tn-t°-≠p∂ ]mTw
H∂v: Ip´n skj-\¬ ]co-£-Iƒ°pw bqWn-th-gvkn‰n ]co-£°pw hmßp∂
am¿s°X? ]mkm-bn-´pt≠m? Cs√-¶n¬ F¥mWv ImcWw? F∂o Imcy-߃ \nc-
¥-c-ambn At\z-jn®p Xr]vXn-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn\p tImtf-P-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-tSbpw
]Tn-∏n-°p∂ A[ym-]-I-cp-tSbpw klmbw tXSm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv
tImtf -Pn¬ tXm‰p InS -°p -∂-h -sc√mw Xs∂ ""aSn -b≥ ae Npa -°p∂''
h¿§-Øn¬s∏´-h-cm-Wv.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 3
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hnj-b-ß-fn¬ ]eXpw NcnXw t]mse X\nsb ho´n-en-cp∂v
]Tn-°m-hp-∂-h-b-√. amX-a-√, Ah-bn¬ ]eXpw C\n ]Tn-°m≥ t]mIp∂ hnj-b-
Øns‚ ASn-Ø-d-bm-bn-cn-°pw. ]co£ Ign-™m¬ ad-∂p-I-f-bm≥ ]‰n-√. ¢m n¬
t]mbn-cp∂v ÿnc-ambn F√m Znh-khpw Iptd-s»-bmbn ]Tn®p kzmb-Ø-am-t°-≠-h-
bmWv GXm-s≠√m hnj-b-ß-fpw. ]co-£°v Xte-Zn-hkw Hcp-an-®v hmbn®p a\- n-em-
°m\pw ]tbm-Kn-°m\pw ]‰nb hnj-b-ß-f√ CXv. Hcp ap´ hncn-bn-°m≥ Bh-iy-
amb NqSv aq∂mgv® sIm≠v ItaW sImSp-Ømte ap´ hncn-bq. AtX NqSv ]Øv an\p´v
sIm≠v sImSp-Øm¬ ap´ hncn-bp-I-b-√ sNøp-I, ]co-£°v Xte-Zn-hkw amXw ]Tn-
°p∂ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Cu XXzw a\- n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. mKyw sIm≠v ]co£
IS∂p IqSn-bm¬ t]mepw hnj-b-Øn-ep≈ hnhcw h´-∏q-Py-am-bn-cn-°pw. AXp-sIm≠v
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ ¢m n¬ t]mIm-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv hfsc A]-I-S-I-c-am-
Wv. Hcp ska-Ã-dn¬ ]Tn-t°-≠p∂ A©p hnj-b-ß-fnepw Assk≥sa‚ v, ¢m v
sSÃv, Iznkv F∂nh \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. CXn\p ]pd-sa-bmWv ]mŒn-°¬ ¢m p-
Ifpw AXv kw_-‘n® tPmen-I-fpw, i\n-bm-gv®bpw Rmb-dm-gv®bpw sNbvXp Xo¿t°-
≠p∂ ]Wn-Iƒ [mcm-f-ap-≠m-Ipw. CXn-s\m∂pw Xøm-dm-ImsX kn\n-abpw ]m´pw
IqØp-ambn PohnXw Bkz-Zn®p I-gn-b-W-sa-∂p-≈-h¿ Ffp-∏-ap≈ a‰p hnj-b-߃
h√Xpw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-I-bmhpw \√-Xv. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ IjvS-s∏-´p-≠m-°nb ]Ww
shdpsX If-tb-≠-t√m. Chn-sS-bmWv A®-S-°-Øns‚ N´-°q-´n¬ \n∂v ]h¿Øn-
®m¬ amXta \s√mcp s]m^-j-W¬ hnZym¿∞n-bm-Im≥ ]‰q. Ah-\-h≥ k©-cn-
°p∂ hgn-I-fpw, Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ Iq´p-Imcpw Gsd ]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p.
[mcmfw ]Ww, IW°p tNmZn-°mØ c£n-Xm-°ƒ, ]Tn-°m-\p≈ D’m-l-an-
√mbva \nc-¥-c-amb tXm¬hn F∂n-h-sb√mw Ip´nsb A®-S-°-cm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ am¿§-
Øn-te°v X≈n-hn-Sp-∂p. A[ym-]-I¿°v tcmK-\n¿Wbw kmam\yw Ffp-∏-am-°p-∂Xv
hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS lmP¿ ]´n-I-bm-Wv. ¢m n¬ hcm-Ø-hsc ]tXyIw i≤n-®m¬,
AXns‚ ImcWw At\z-jn-®m¬ sNs∂-Øp-∂Xv ]e-t∏mgpw aZy-]m-\-Ønepw I©m-
hn-ep-am-bn-cn-°pw. Cu hnhcw c£n-Xm-°sf Adn-bn-®m¬ In´p∂ ]Xn-I-cWw ckI-
c-am-Wv. hnhcw Adn-bn® A[ym-]-Is\ ]Xn-°q-´n-em-°m-\p≈ ia-amWv s]mXpsh
I≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv. h¿jm-h-km\w ]ø\v ]co-£-sb-gp-Xm-\p≈ lmP-cn-s√∂v ImWp-tºmƒ
\m´n¬ I≠ a¥n-am¿ Fw.-F¬.-F.-am¿ XpS-ßnb cmjvSo-b-°msc Cd°n ]n≥kn-∏-
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 4
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
ens\ hcn™p sI´m-\p≈ ia-amWv ]e-t∏mgpw c£n-Xm-°ƒ sNøp-∂-Xv. ]øs\ t\sc-
bm-°n-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈ ia-ß-sfm∂pw ]Xn-hn-√. ]pX-hm-’eyw sIm≠v Ipew apSn®
[rX-cm-jvS-cmWv C°m-cy-Øn¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS Kpcp-\m-Y≥.
Xs‚ ]pXs‚/]pXn-bpsS ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ a\- n-em-°m-Ø-XmWv amXm-]n-Xm-
°-fpsS ][m\ ]iv\w. sNdp∏w apX¬°v KWn-Xim-kvX-Øn¬ A`n-cpNn ImWn-
°p∂ Ip´n-Iƒ amXta F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ]T-\-Øn¬ tim`n-°q. A√m-Ø-h¿°v
]s≠m∂pw ]th-i\w In´n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. C∂-X√ ÿnXn, _kv tÃm∏v tXmdpw F©n-
\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pv, ko‰p-Iƒ \nd-°m≥ Ip´n-Isf In´mØ Ah-ÿ. amt\-Pvsa‚p-
Iƒ°v apS-°nb aqe-[\w Xncn®p ]nSn-°m-\p≈ hyKX, \ne-hmcw Im‰n¬ ]d-Øn-
s°m≈m≥ HØmi sNøp∂ k¿°m¿ kwhn-[m-\-߃, F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pn¬
Ib-dn-∏-‰n-bm¬ ]ns∂ Db¿∂ iº-f-ap≈ tPmen Dd-s∏∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ hnZym¿∞n-
Ifpw c£n-Xm-°fpw, ]ns∂ ]Tn-∏ns‚ KpW-\n-e-hm-c-Øn-s\¥p ]k‡n?
CØcw samØw ]cn-ÿnXn IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd∏p
hcp-tØ-≠p∂ `mcn® Npa-Xe A[ym-]-I-cp-tS-XmWv. Cu Xncn-®-dn-hn¬ \n∂p-f-hm-
Ip∂ ]Xn-tcm[ i‡n sIm≠p amXta \ne-hmcw \ne-\n¿Øm-\m-Iq. ¢m n¬ hcp-
∂-h\pw hcm-Ø-h\pw lmP¿ sImSp-°m-\pw, ]Tn-°p-∂-h\pw, ]Tn-°m-Ø-h\pw skj-
W¬ am¿°v sImSp-°m-\pw, IrXn-a-ambn hnP-b-i-X-am\w Db¿Øm\pw hnZym¿∞n-I-
fn¬ \n∂pw amt\-Pvsa‚n¬ \n∂pw hcp∂ kΩ-¿±-ßsf sNdpØp ]md-t]mse Dd®p
\n¬°p-∂-h¿°v amXta ]n¬°m-eØv \√ A[ym-]-I-cm-hm≥ ]‰q. ¢m n¬ ]Tn-∏n-
°pI amX-a-√, ]Tn-∏n® Imcy-߃ ]Tnt®m F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw Cs√-¶n¬
th≠ ]Xn-hn-[n-Iƒ FSp-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv A[ym-]-Is‚ IS-a-bm-Wv. CXv e-
]-Z-ambn sNøm≥ hnZym¿∞n-bpsS kl-I-cWw IqSntb Xocq.
]T\ Imcy-ß-fn¬ A[ym-]-I-\p-ambn kl-I-cn-°m≥ G‰hpw sshapJyw Im´p-
∂-h-cmWv tIc-f-Ønse Ip´n-Iƒ. ¢m nse tNmZy-߃°v Bcpw DØcw ]d-bn-√.
Adn-bp-∂-h¿ t]mepw, kl-]m-Tn-I-fpsS kΩ¿±-am-Wn-Xn\p ImcWw. Xms\mcp "]Tn-
∏nÃv' BsW∂v a‰p-≈-h¿ ]d-™mtem F∂-XmWv `bw. Cu at\m-`mhw ImcWw
¢m n¬ Imcy-amb N¿®-I-sfm∂pw \S-°m-dn-√. ]T-\-Øns‚ hnhn[ L´-ß-fn-eqsS
IS-∂p-t]m-ImsX Kl-\amb Hcp hnj-bhpw kzmb-Ø-am-°m-\m-In-√. 1. ]cnNbw
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 5
(Familiarity), 2. Hm¿Ω-i‡n (Memory and reproduction), 3. A]-K-Y\w (Analysis)
4. kwtbm-P\w (Synthesis), 5. k¿K-i‡n (Creativity) F∂o L´-ß-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-
t]m-Im≥ eIvN¿ ¢mkv amXw t]mcm. \nc-¥cw N¿® sNbvXpw tNmZyw sNbvXpw
thWw Kl-\-amb hnj-b-߃ ]Tn-°m≥. ¢mkn¬ \n∂v bmsXmcp sh√p-hn-fnbpw
t\cn-SmØ A[ym-]-I≥ Xm≥ ]≠p ]Tn® ImesØ a™ t\m´p-I-fpw, Aßm-Sn-
bn¬ In´p∂ \ne-hm-c-an-√mØ ]pkvX-I-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn®p ¢m n¬ Fs¥m-s°tbm
Im´n-°q-´p-∂p. AXn\p \mw A[ym-]\w F∂v t]cv ]d-bp-∂p. hnZym¿∞n-bpsS k¿K
i‡n°p \o°n-sh-®n-´p≈ t]mPŒv h¿°v t]mepw kzbw sNømsX Aßm-Sn-bn¬
\n∂v hmßn k_van‰v sNøp∂ hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw AXv kzoI-cn-°p∂ A[ym-]-Icpw
D≠v \ΩpsS \m´n¬ CXn-s\-Xnsc k¿hcpw DW¿hpw PmK-Xbpw ]pe¿Øn-bm¬
amXta \ap°v ASpØ Xe-ap-dsb c£n-°m≥ Ign-bq. kzman hnth-Im-\-µ\v G‰hpw
]nb-s∏´ D]-\n-jZv hmIyw D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v Cu teJ\w D]-kw-l-cn-°-s´.
DØn-jvT-X, PmKX ]m]y hcm-∂n-t_m-[-X,
£pcky [mcm \ninXm Zpc-Xybm
Zp¿Kw ]Y-kvXXv Ihtbm hZ-¥n.
.........................
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 6
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
F©n\obdnwKv D]cn]T\ km[yXIƒ
C¥ybnepw hntZiØpw
F©n\obdnwKn\p tijw F¥v ?˛ \h_ncpZ[mcnIsf hebv°p∂ Cu
tNmZyØn\v DØc߃ ]eXps≠¶nepw IrXyam-b [m-c-W ]-e¿°pw D-≠m-bn-s°m-≈-
W-sa-∂n√.
hnIkzc cmPysa∂ \nebn¬ C¥ysb kw_‘n®nStØmfw
F©n\obdnwKn\pff ]m[m\yw hfsctbsdbmWv. _lp. ap≥ C¥y≥ ]knU‚ v
io. tUm. A_vZpƒ Iemw I≠ ëhnj≥ 2020í F∂ kz]v\Ønte°pff ]bmWØn¬
`mcXØnse Hmtcm F©n\obdnwKv _ncpZ[mcnbpsSbpw ]¶v hf-sc hn-e-s∏- -XmWv.
tIhesamcp _ncpZsa∂ \nebn¬ F©n\obdnwKn\pff ]m[m\yw Hcp]mSps≠¶nepw
XpS¿∂pff D]cn]T\߃ krjvSn°p∂ Ahkcßfpw Ahbv°p≠mIp∂
]m[m\yhpw Ffp∏Øn¬ Duln°mhp∂tXbpffp.
\h_ncpZ[mcnbmb Hcp F©n\ob¿°v kzm`mhnIambpw kaqlØn¬ Xmsg
]dbp∂ aq∂p hn`mKßfn¬ FsX¶nepsam∂n¬ FØnt®cm\pff km≤yXIfmWv
s]mXphmbn ImWs∏SmdpffXv.
1. hyhkmb taJe / tkh\ taJe
2. KthjWw / A≤ym]\w
3. amt\-Pv-sa‚ v taJe
ta¬∏d™hbn¬ KthjWw, A≤ym]\w, amt\-P v -sa‚ v taJe
F∂nh°mhiyamb ]cn⁄m\w F©n\obdnwKn\p tijapff D]cn ]T\ØneqsS
amXta km[n°pIbpffq. C¥ybnse F©n\obdnwKv hnZym¿∞nIƒ°mbn
C¥ybv°IØpw ]pdØpambpff D]cn ]T\Øn s‚ A\¥km≤yXIfnte°v shfn®w
hoip∂XmWv Cu teJ\w.
F©n\obdnwKv _ncpZ[mcnIfpsS D]cn]T\Øn\mbn Hcp]mSv AhkcßfpsS
hmXmb\߃ Xpd∂ncn°p∂p≠v. GsX¶nepw Hcp ]tXyIhnjbØn¬ BgØnepff
]T\Øn\pw KthjWØn\pw BKln°p∂ hnZym¿∞nIƒ IqSpXepw Fw.sSIv /
Fw.Fkv tImgvkpIfmWv D]cn]T\Øn\mbn Xncs™Spt°≠Xv. c≠p h¿jw \o≠p
\n¬°p∂ Fw.sSIv tImgvkn¬ GsX¶nepw sF—nI hnjbØn¬ Kl\amb Adnhv
kºmZn°mw. Fw.Fkv tImgvkv kab_‘nXa√. H∂c apX¬ aq∂c h¿jw hsc
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 7
\o≠p\n¬°mhp∂ Cu tImgvkv KthjW X¬∏ccmb hnZym¿∞nIƒ°mWv IqSpX¬
]tbmP\Icw. C¥ybn¬ ]ikvX ÿm]\ßfmb IIT Ifpw IISC bpw Dƒs∏sS
Hcp]mSp bqWnthgvkn‰nIfn¬ Fw.sSIv. tImgvkv \nehnep≠v. Fw.Fkv tImgvkv
][m\ambpw IISC, IIT aZmkv, IIT U¬ln F∂o ÿm]\ßfnemWv \nehnepffXv.
Fw.sSIv , Fw.Fkv tImgvkpIfnte°pff Nhn´p]SnbmWv tK‰v ]co£. IIT
IfpsS ta¬t\m´ØnemWv tK‰v ]co£ \SØp∂Xv. D]cn]T\Øn\pff Ahkcw
IqSmsX ONGC, IOCL, BPCL, HPCL, NTPC XpSßnb Hcp]mSp s]m-Xp-taJe
ÿm]\ßfn¬ sXmgnehkcßfpw tK‰v ]co£bneqsS e`n°p∂p. aq∂mw h¿jw
apX¬ \nc¥camb ]bXv\ØneqsS tK‰v ]co£bn¬ Db¿∂ dm¶v
Icÿam°mhp∂tXbpffq. F√m h¿jhpw s^_phcn amkØnemWv tK‰v ]co£
\SØmdpffXv. _ncpZ ]T\Øn\ptijw ITn-\amb kzbw ]T\ØneqsSbpw
tIm®nwKneqsSbpw Db¿∂ kvtIm¿ t\Sp∂ [mcmfw hnZym¿∞nIfpw C¥ybnep≠v.
_ncpZm\¥c _ncpZØn\ptijw ]ikvX ÿm]\ßfn¬ KthjWw ]q¿Ønbm°p∂
hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v tIµ Kh¨sa‚ns‚ Iognepff ISRO, NAL, DRDO XpSßnb
KthjW ÿm]\ßfnepw IIT, IISC, hnhn[ F©n\obdnwKv tImtfPpIƒ,
bqWnthgvkn‰nIƒ XpSßnb hnZym`ymk ÿm]\ ßfnepw [mcmfw KthjW /
sXmgn¬ km[yXIƒ \ne\n¬°p∂p.
amt\Pvsa‚ v cwKØv anIhpsXfnbn°m≥ BKln°p∂ hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v
G‰hpw tbmPn® D]cn]T\amWv Fw._n.F. C¥ybn¬ sF. sF. Fw Dƒ∏sS Hcp]mSp
tImtfPpIfn¬ Fw._n.F tImgvkv D≠v. D∂X\nehmcw ]pe¿Øp∂ tImtfPpIƒ
CAT ]co£bpsS ASnÿm\ØnemWv MBA ]thi\w \SØp∂Xv. CAT ]co£bpsS
kvtImdns\m∏w C‚¿hyqhnse s]¿t^m¿sa≥kpw hfsc ][m\amWv. ct≠m aqt∂m
h¿jsØ ]h¿Øn ]cnNbØn\ptijw Fw. _n. F °p ]Tn°p∂XmWv IqSpX¬
A`nImayw.
aƒ´n\mjW¬ Iº\nIfn¬ amt\Pvsa‚ v tPmenIƒ BKln°p∂
hnZym¿∞nIƒ Fw. _n. F tImgvkv sNøp∂Xv \∂mbncn°pw. lyqa¨ dntkmgvk v,
am¿°‰nwKv, skbn¬kv, UnPn‰¬ am¿°‰nwKv, ^n\m≥kv XpSßn ]ehnjbßfnepw
Fw. _n. F tImgvkv sNøm\mIpw. CAT ]co£°p]pdta Nne bqWnthgvkn‰nIƒ
AUvanj\mbn XAT, XNAP, CMAT XpSßnb ]co£Ifnse kvtImdpw ]cnKWn°mdp≠v.
C¥y°p]pdØpw F©n\obdnwKv hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v D]cn]T\Øn\v Ht´sd
Ahkcßfp≠v. hntZiØv Fw.sSIv /Fw.Fkv ]T\Øn\v BKln°p∂ hnZym¿∞nIƒ
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 8
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
Db¿∂ A°mZan°v \nehmcØns\m∏w GRE, TOEFL, IELTS F∂o ]co£Ifn¬
IqSn anIhp sXfnbnt°≠Xp≠v. qcn`mKw hnZym¿∞nIfpw bp Fkv, bp. sI, Im\U,
BkvtSenb F∂o cmPyßfmWv D]cn]T\Øn\mbn Xncs™Sp°mdv.
bp.F-kn¬ Hmtcm A≤yb\ h¿jhpw BKk‰v amktØmSpIqSn XpS-ßp-∂-Xm-
bn- mWv ImW-s∏-Sm-dp≈Xv. GRE/ TOEFL, ]co-£-I-fn-se anIhv ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv
hnZym¿∞nIsf A`napJØn\v Xncs™Sp°mdv. ap≥Imeßfnse IW°pIƒ
]cntim[n°pIbmsW¶n¬ GRE kvtIm¿ 340 ¬ 305 ¬ IqSp-Xepw TOEFL kvtIm¿
120 ¬ 90 ¬ IqSp-Xepw hnZym¿∞nIƒ ChntS°pff AUvanj\v t\tS≠Xmbn´p≠v.
AUvanj≥ e`n®Xn\ptijw tIm-tf-Pv \n-›-bn-°p∂ \n›nX _m¶v _me≥kv XpIbpsS
hnhc߃ IqSn Kh¨sa‚nte°v ka¿∏n°Ww. A¬∏w NnethdnbXmsW¶nepw
]T\tØmsS∏w tPmenIqSn sNømsa∂pffXpsIm≠v kmºØnIamb _p≤nap´pIƒ
hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v Hgn-hm-°m≥ I-gn-bp-∂-XmWv. ]ehn[Ønepff kvtImf¿jn∏pIfpw
kmºØnI klmbßfpw kvt]m¨k¿jn∏pIfpw \nehmcw ]pe¿Øp∂
bqWnthgvkn‰nIƒ hnZym¿∞nIƒ°mbn \evIp∂p≠v.
bp.sI-.bnse _ncpZm\¥c _ncpZ tImgvkpIƒ sk]vXwº¿ / HIvtSm_¿
amktØmSpIqSnbmWv s]mXpsh Bcw`n°mdpffXv. TOEFL / IELTS aptJ\bpff
Xncs™Sp∏v coXnbmWv ChnsS I≠phcmdpffXv . ]h¿Øn ]cnNbw
ChnSßfnte°pff AUvanj≥ Ffp∏am°p∂Xn\v klmbn°mdp≠v. hnZym¿∞nIƒ
XßfpsS A≤ym]I¿ aptJ\tbm at‰m ip]m¿iIØpIƒ D]tbmKn°p∂Xv
A`nImayamWv. Atacn°≥ bqWnthgvkn‰nIfpambn XmcXays∏SpØnbm¬
Nneshmc¬∏w IpdhmWv ChnsS. ]T\tØmsS∏w tPmensb∂Xv ChnsSbpw
ImWs∏Sp∂ Hcp ÿnXn hntijamWv.
P\kwJybnse Ipdhv ImcWw a‰pff cmPyßfnse hnZym¿∞nIsf
hym]Iambn BI¿jn°p∂ Hcp coXnbmWv bqtdm∏nepw HmkvtSenbbnepw a‰pw
ImWmdpffXv. a‰p cmPyßsf At]£n®v Nnehp Ipd™Xpw F∂m¬ \nehmcw
DffXpamb ]e bqWnthgvkn‰nIfpw Im\Ubnepw HmkvtSenbbnepw D≠v F∂Xv
]e¿°pw A⁄mXamWv. TOEFL ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv AUvanj≥.
bp Fkv˛bp sI, bqtdm∏y≥ cmPy߃°pw ]pdsa Gjy≥ cmPyßfmb
knwK∏q¿, Xmbvhm≥, ssN\ apXemb cmPyßfpw hntZihnZym¿∞nIƒ°mbn
D]cn]T\Øns‚ hnlmb pIƒ Xpd∂nSp∂p≠v. knwK∏qcnse NTU (Ninyang
Technical University) temI]ivkvXamWv.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 9
apIfn¬ ]d™ ]co£Ifn¬ anIhp sXfnbn°m≥ ]‰mØhcpw IqSqX¬ kabw
Bhiyamb D]cn]T\Ønt\mSv Xm¬]cyw C√mØhcpamb hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v
GsX¶nepw lkzIme sXmgne[njvTnX tImgvkpIƒ Xncs™Sp°mw. hnZym¿∞nIfpsS
Adnhpw hyhkmb taJeIfpsS Bhiyhpw XΩnepff A¥cw Ipd°m≥ Cu
lkzIme tImgvkpIƒ klmbIcamWv. Embedded Technology, Piping Engineering,
Robotics, Quality Controller XpSßn Hmtcm _m©nse hnZym¿∞nIƒ°pw hnhn[Xcw
tImgvkpIƒ Xncs™Sp°mhp∂XmWv.
.........................
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 10
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ]th-i\wXm¬]-cy-hpw, A`n-cp-Nnbpw hne-bn-cp-Ø-Ww
tUm.-Sn.-]n.-tk-Xp-am-[-h≥
(A-°m-Z-anIv I¨kƒ´‚ v& Ub-d-IvS¿ Hm v F‚¿s]-W¿jn∏v
tIcfm sh‰-ds-\dn B‚ v B\n-a¬ kb≥kkv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n, Xr»q¿)
ASp-ØbnsS tIc-f-Øn¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ]th-i\ ]co£m dm¶v enÃn¬
Dƒs∏-Sm≥ 10 am¿°v thW-sa∂ \n_-‘-\-am‰n Hcp tNmZy-Øn\v icn-bp-Ø-c-sa-gp-
Xn-bm¬ aXn-sb∂ Xocp-am\w hnhm-Z-am-b-tXmsS Kh¨sa‚ v ths≠-∂p-shs®-¶nepw
]th-i-\ ]-co-£bv°v At]-£n-°p∂ c£n-Xm-°fpw hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw \nc-h[n
Imcy-ßfdn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.
tIc-f-Ønse kzmib F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pp-I-fn-e-S°w C∂v 54000
e[nIw _n.-sSIv ko‰p-I-fp-≠v. kb≥kv hnj-b-ß-fn¬ UnKn°v ]th-i\w e`n-°p-
∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Ffp-∏-amWv C∂v _n.-sS-°n\v AUvan-j≥ t\SpI F∂Xv. tIc-f-Ønse
Nne kzmib F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pp-I-fn¬ hnPb iX-am\w 30% ¬ Xmsg-bmWv.
KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ A≤ym-]-I-cpsS FÆhpw Ipd-hm-Wv.
tImgvkv sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS A`n-cp-Nn, at\m-`m-
hw, Xm¬]cyw F∂nh ]tXyIw hne-bn-cp-Ø-Ww. C∂v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pp-
I-fn¬ \n∂pw tImgvkv ]q¿Øn-bm-°msX sImgn-™p-t]m-Ip∂ hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS
FÆw h¿≤n®p hcn-I-bm-Wv. c£n-Xm-°-fpsS Xm¬]cyw amXw hne-bn-cpØn a°sf
F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kn\v tN¿°-cp-Xv. aq∂v h¿jw _n.-sS-°ns‚ tImgvkp-I-sfm∂pw ]m m-
Im-Xn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv c£n-Xmhv a°sf a‰p tImgvkp-I-fn-te°v tN¿°m≥ Xm¬]-
cy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. At∏m-gmWv hnZym¿∞n-bpsS Xm¬]cyw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xv. ]n∂o-SmWv
kmº-ØnI kab \jvS߃ c£n-Xm-°ƒ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv.
h°o-em-Im-\pw, A≤ym-]-I-\m-Im\pw Xm¬]-cy-ap≈ hnZym¿∞n-Isf F©n-
\o-b-dnw-Kn\v tN¿°p-tºmƒ CXv hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS A`n-cp-Nn-°n-W-ßnb tImgvk-
s√∂v c£n-Xm-°ƒ Adn-bp-∂n-√. IW-°n-epw, nkn-Ivknepw anI-hp≈ hnZym-¿∞n-
Isf amXsa F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kn\v tN¿°m-hq. π vSphn\v c≠p XhW FgpXn
^nknIvkv ]mkmbn F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kn\v tN¿∂ hnZym¿∞n c≠p h¿j-Øn-\p-tijw
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 11
_n.-_n.-F. bv°v tNcp-∂p. ImcWw as‰m-∂p-a-√. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ]T\w icm-i-cn-°m-
c\v AX Ffp-∏-a-√. hnZym¿∞n-bpsS A`n-cp-Nn, Xm¬]-cyw, at\m-`mhw, ]Xn-_-≤X,
Ignhv, Ign-hp-tI-Sp-Iƒ, km[yX F∂nh hne-bn-cpØn amXsa F©n-\ob-dnwKv tImgvkp-
Iƒ°v At]-£n-°m-hq. C¥y-bn¬ \n∂v ]Tn-®n-d-ßp∂ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv _ncp-Z-[m-
cn-I-fn¬ 68% hpw Adnhv, ]h¿Ø-\-an-Ih,v Cw•ojv ]mhoWyw, sXmgn¬ e`yXm
\nc°v F∂n-h-bn¬ ]nd-In-em-sW∂ Atkm-kn-tb‰v tNwt_gvkv Hm^v tImtagvkv
B‚ v C≥UkvSn (ASSOCHAM) bpsS Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ kwÿm-\sØ F©n-\o-b-
dnwKv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ C¥y≥ F©n-\o-
b¿am-cpsS ]mXn-\n[yw 15% amWv. CXv 2020 HmsS 25% am°m-\mWv e£y-an-´n-cp-°p-
∂-Xv. Adn-hpw, ]h¿Ø\ anIhpw anI® sXmgn¬ e`yXm \nc-°p-ap≈ F©n-\o-b-
dnwKv _ncp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ°mWv Gsd sXmgn¬ km[y-Xbp≈-Xv. AXn-\m¬ Imº v
C‚¿hyq-hn¬ anI® ]I-S\w ImgvN-sh-bv°m≥ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Xøm-sd-Sp-°-Ww.
A¥- ns‚ ]XoIamb-√, a°-fpsS A`n-cp-Nn-bpw, Xm¬]-cyhpw e£y-an-´m-
bn-cn-°Ww hnZym¿∞n-Isf F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImgvkn\v tN¿t°≠Xv F∂ Imcyw
c£n-Xm-°ƒ ]tXyIw Hm¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
tkh\ taJ-e- apt∂dp-∂p-
2014-˛15 kmº-ØnI k¿s∆-bn¬ Im¿jnI taJe e£y-an´ 4.4% hf¿®m \nc-
°n¬ \n∂pw 1.1% ambn Ipd-™n-´p-≠v. hyh-kmb taJe ap≥ h¿jßsf At]-
£n®v 0.1 iX-am-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw 2.1 iX-am\w hf¿® ssIh-cn-®n-´p≠v. F∂m¬
tkh\ taJ-e-bn¬ 9.1% Øn¬ \n∂pw 10.6 iX-am-\-ambn h¿≤n-®n-´p-≠v. tkh\
taJe a‰p taJ-e-Isf ]n≥¥-≈n-s°m≠v 60% hf¿® ssIh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. tkh-\ -ta-J-
e-bn-emWv C\n hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ sXmgn-ep-I-tf-sd-bpw.
kz®v `mc-Xv, sabv°v C≥ C¥y, UnPn-‰¬ C¥y, kv°n¬ C¥y F∂o
Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ]Jym-]nX ]≤-Xn-Iƒ A\p-k-cn-®mWv _P-‰n¬ hnZym-`ymk sXmgn¬
taJ-e-Iƒ°v ]m[m\yw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xpd-ap-J-߃ hmWn-Py-h-Xv°-cn-°p-∂Xpw,
]Xn-tcm-[w, knhn¬ Ghn-tb-j≥ taJ-e-I-fn¬ hntZi \nt£]w A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xpw
Cu cwKØv IqSp-X¬ sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ klm-bn-°pw. sabv°v
C≥ C¥y-bpsS ë mK-ambn ta¬ kqNn-∏n® taJ-e-I-fn¬ kq£va, sNdp-In-S, CS-Øcw
hyh-km-b-߃ i‡n-s∏-Spw. `uXnI kuIcy hnI-k-\-Øn\v 70000 tImSn-tbmfw
cq] \o°n sh®n-´p-≠v. Cu taJ-e-bn¬ s]mPIvSv amt\-Pvsa‚ v, C≥^m-kvS-IvN¿
amt\-Pvsa-‚ v F∂n-hbv°v 20% tØmfw A[nI sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃ cq-]-s∏-Sm≥
klm-bn-°pw.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 12
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
sXmgn¬ kwcw- -I-Xzw (F‚¿]-W¿jn∏v) C∂v Gsd hn]p-e-s∏´p hcp-∂p.
kwcw-`IXz hnI-k-\-Øn-\mbn sSIvt\m-fPn _nkn-\ v C≥Iyp-t_-‰-dp-Iƒ, Ãm¿´∏v
Iº-\n-Iƒ, C∂-th-j≥-˛-C≥Ip-t_-j≥ sk‚-dp-Iƒ F∂nh XpS-ßp-hm-\p≈ _P‰v
\n¿t±-i-߃ A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cmb bphXo bphm-°ƒ°v anI® sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃
]Zm\w sNøpw.
Kth-j-Ww, temtIm-Øc \ne-hm-c-Øn-ep≈ sSIvt\m-fPn l∫p-Iƒ F∂n-h-
bv°p≈ ]m[m\yw cmPysØ anI® sSIvt\m-]m¿°p-Isf i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-tXm-
sSm∏w IqSp-X¬ sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃ krjvSn-°pw. F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv, amt\-Pvsa‚ v, Irjn,
A\p-_‘ _ncp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ F∂n-h¿°v anI® kwcw-`-߃ XpS-ßm≥ CXv hgn-sbm-
cp°pw.
BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ Im¿_-Wns‚ Afhv Ipd®v ]mc-º-tcy-Xc Du¿÷-Øn\v
Du∂¬ \¬Im-\p≈ \o°w Gsd kzmK-Xm¿l-am-Wv. Im¿_¨ ]pd-Øp-hn-Sp-∂-Xn¬
C¥y-bpsS ip]m¿i sNbvX tXmXv 0.6% amWv. kutcm¿÷ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ, Im‰n¬
\n∂pw sshZypXn DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ bqWn-‰p-Iƒ F∂nh F\¿Pn amt\-Pvsa‚ v taJ-
e-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ sXmgn-ep-Iƒ krjvSn-°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.
kv°n¬ C¥y-bpsS ë `mK-ambn sXmgn¬ ss\]pWy hnI-k\-Øn\v (kv°n¬
sUh-e-]vsa‚ v) IqSp-X¬ XpI hI-bn-cpØn-bn-´p-≠v. ASp-Ø-bnsS \S-Ønb Atkm-
®m-ans‚ ]T\ dnt∏m¿´n¬ C¥y-bn¬ \n∂v ]Tn-®n-d-ßp∂ _ncp-Z-[m-cn-I-fn¬ 67%hpw
sXmgn¬ ss\]p-Wyw, Bib hn\n-a-bw, Cw•ojv ]mhoWyw F∂n-h-bn¬ ]nd-In-em-
sW∂v hne-bn-cp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.
kmt¶-XnI taJ-e-bn¬ sXmgn¬ kwcw-`-IXzw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°m-\p-X-Ip∂
sNdp-InS, CS-Øcw hyh-kmb taJ-e-I-fn¬ sXmgn-e-h-kc߃ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm-≥ klm-
bn-°p∂ apZ (MUDRA), kwcw- -IXz t]m’m-l-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ GI-Pm-eI t]m¿´¬
F∂nh anI® e£yw ssIh-cn-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ ]≤-Xn-I-fm-Wv. CS-Øcw IpSpw-_-ßsf
e£y-an-´p≈ hnZym¿∞nIƒ°m-bp≈ sF.-Sn. hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bnse ][m\a¥n
hnZym-e£van ]≤-Xn, 31 skIvS¿ kv°n¬ Iu¨kn-ep-Iƒ F∂nh sXmgn¬ e`yXm
\nc°v Db¿Øm≥ kmlm-bn-°pw. \mj-W¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v t^m¿ kv]o®v B‚ v
lnb-dnwKv tZiob k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bmbn Db¿Øn-bXv HmUn-tbm-f-Pn, kv]o®v
emwtKzPv ]mtØm-fPn F∂n-h-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃ Dd∏p hcp-Øpw.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 13
UnPn-‰¬ C¥y-bpsS ë `mK-ambn C˛-K-th¿¨kv, sF.Sn., hnZym-`ymkw F∂n-
hbv°v ]m[m\yw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. C‚tK‰Uv FUyp-t°-j≥ B‚ v sse^v kv°n¬
Uh-e-]vsa‚ v, Hcp IpSpw-_-Ønse Hcmƒ°v sXmgn¬ F∂n-hbpw ]h¿Ø\£a-am-
bm¬ IqSp-X¬ sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃ Dd∏p hcp-Øpw. hnZym-`ymk taJ-ebv°v 68000
tImSn cq]-bmWv _P-‰n¬ \o°n sh®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
Sqdnkw, tlmkv]n-‰m-en‰n taJ-e-I-fn¬ tkh\ \nIp-Xn-bn-ep≈ h¿≤-\hv
IqSp-X¬ sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃ krjvSn-°p-hm≥ klm-bn-°pw. tZiob Im¿jnI hn]Wn
krjvSn-°p-hm-\p≈ Xocp-am\w AKn _nkn-kn-\ v tImgvkp-Iƒ°v Icp-tØ-Ipw.
amdp∂ bpK-Øn¬ kvam¿´v sXmgn-ep-Ifpw tImgvkp-Ifpw cq]s∏-Sp-tºmƒ tkh\
taJ-e-bv°n-W-ßnb tImgvkp-Iƒ Is≠-Øm≥ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ ian-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
Ime-Øn-s\mØ ]pØ≥ tImgvkp-Iƒ
cmPyØv tkh\ taJe Icp-Øm¿÷n®p hcp-tºmƒ Im¿jn-I, hyh-kmb
taJeIsf A]-£n®v tkh\ taJ-e-bn¬ 69% tØmfw A[nI sXmgn-e-h-k-c-ß-
fmWv cq]-s∏´p hcp-∂-Xv. CtXm-sSm∏w Im¿jnI _nkn-\ v kwcw- -߃°n-W-ßnb
tkh\ taJ-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ tImgvkp-Iƒ°v ]k-‡n-tbdn hcp-∂p. sF.-Sn.
Im¿jnI taJ-e-bp-ambn ka-\z-bn-∏n-®p≈ AKn C≥^¿am-‰n-Ivkv, AKn _nkn-
\ v amt\-Pvsa‚ v, kssπ sNbn≥ amt\-Pvsa‚ v, dos´-bn¬, temPn-ÃnIvkv amt\-
Pvsa‚ v, n\m≥jy¬ A\m-en-kn-kv, amt\-Pvsa‚ v I¨kƒ´‚ v, BIvNzdn, tkm-
jy¬, samss_¬, ¢uUv Iw]yq-´nw-Kv, C˛-sIm-tagvkv tImgvkp-Iƒ°v km[y-X-tb-
sd-bm-Wv.
Xan-gv\mSv Im¿jnI k¿∆-I-em-ime \S-Øp∂ _n.-sS°v AKn C≥^¿am-‰n-
Ivkv, C¥y≥ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚ v sIm¬s°m-Ø-bpw, C¥y≥ C≥Ãn-
‰yq´v Hm^v sSIvt\m-fPn Jc-Kv]q-cpw, sIm¬°-Ø-bnse C¥y≥ Ãm‰n-Ãn-°¬ C≥Ãn-
‰yq´pw tN¿∂v \S-Øp∂ t]mÃv KmUp-th‰v Untπma C≥ _nkn-\ v A\-en-‰n-Ivkv,
tIcf Im¿jnI k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bpw, sslZ-c-_m-Znse \mj-W¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v
FIvkv‰≥j≥ amt\-Pvsa‚pw \S-Øp∂ AKn-_n-kn-\ v amt\-Pvsa‚ v tImgvkp-Iƒ
F∂nh anI® tImgvkp-I-fm-Wv. sIm®n imkvX kmt¶-XnI k¿∆-I-em-im-e, \mj-
W¬ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n Hm^v tem F∂nhbpsS C‚-e-IvNz¬ t]m∏¿´n tem, C‚-e-
IvNz¬ t]m∏¿´n ssd‰vkv _ncp-Zm-\-¥c tImgvkp-Iƒ, sslZ-c-_m-Znse knw_-tbm-
kv tem kvIqƒ \S-Øp∂ C‚-tK-‰Uv _n. _n. F., F¬. F¬. _n. t]mKmw, lcn-
bm-\-bnse \mj-W¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v pUv sSIvt\m-fPn B‚ v F‚¿]-W¿jn∏v
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 14
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
amt\-Pvsa‚ v \S-Øp∂ pUv sSIvt\m-f-Pn, ë A`n-cp-Nn £y-kw-kv°-cWw F∂nh-
bnse _n.sS-°v, Fw.sS°v t]mKmapIƒ, sF.-sF.-Fw. _mw•q¿ KqKn-fp-ambn tN¿∂v
\S-Øp∂ Um‰m am¿°-‰nwKv tImgvkp-Iƒ F∂nh Gsd sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃
Dd∏p hcp-Øpw.
\mj-W¬ sk‚¿ t^m¿ IΩyq-Wn-°-_nƒ Unkokv \S-Øp∂ ]ªn°v sl¬-
Ønse MPH t]mKmw, Pn≥Um¬ kvIqƒ Hm v ]ªnIv t]mfnknbpsS ]ªnIv t]mfn-
kn-bnse _ncp-Zm-\-¥c t]mKmw, aWn-∏m¬ bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bpsS Pntbm s]mfn-‰nIvkv,
kXy-Pn-Øv td nenw B‚ v sSen-hn-j≥ C≥Ãn-‰yq- ns‚ A\n-ta-j≥, nenw s]mU-
£≥ F∂n-h-bnep≈ _ncp-Zm-\-¥c Untπma tImgvkp-Ifpw, temPn-Ãn-Ivkv, kssπ
sNbn≥, dos´-bn¬ amt\-Pvsa‚ v tImgvkp-Ifpw F∂nh cmPy-Øn-\-IØpw ]pdØpw
anIhm¿∂ sXmgn¬ e`yX Dd∏p hcp-Øpw.
_ncp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ°v Du¿÷-ta-J-e-bn¬ Ah-k-c-ß-tfsd.
P\-kwJym h¿≤-\-hn-\m-\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn cmPyØv Du¿t÷m-ev]m-Z-\-Øn\v
km[yXtb-dn hcp-∂p. Ko≥ F\¿Pn-bn-epƒs∏-SpØn kutcm¿÷w, Im‰v, Pe-ssh-
ZypXn, ssPthm¿÷ taJ-e-Iƒ Icp-Øm¿÷n®p hcp-∂p. CtXm-sSm∏w sXmgn¬
taJ-e-I-fnepw h≥ h¿≤-\-hmWv ]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv. sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bn¬ Ko≥ F\¿Pn
hgn Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v sXmgn-e-h-k-c-ß-fmWv hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
BtKmf \nt£]w kutcm¿÷- taJ-ebn¬ 25 _n√y≥ Ata-cn-°≥
tUmfdmWv. 100 Hmfw BtKmf Iº-\n-Iƒ ]mc-ºtcy-X-c Du¿t÷m-ev]m-Z\ taJ-e-
bn-te°v IS-°m-\m-K-ln-°p-∂p. Ipd™ DXv]m-Z-\-s®-ehv, Imem-hÿm hyXn-bm-
\w, h¿≤n®p hcp∂ BtKm-f-Xm]w F∂nh hnI-kzc cmPy-ßsf lcn-tXm¿÷Øn-
te°v tNt°dm≥ t]cn-∏n-®p-h-cp-∂p. hcpwIme-ß-fn¬ kutcm¿÷w, Im‰n¬ \n∂p-
≈ sshZypXn Dev]m-Z\w F∂nh°v km[y-X-tb-sd-bm-Wv.
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv _ncp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ°v t^mt´mthmƒ´m-bn°v sk√p-Iƒ, tkmfm¿
]m\-ep-Iƒ, KnUv knÃw, sshZypXn hnX-cWw XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn¬ ]h¿Øn-
°mw. ]kvXpX taJ-e-Ifn¬ ]pØ≥ km-t¶-XnI hnZy-Iƒ°pw, \qX\ Bi-b-
߃°pw ]k-‡n-bp-≠v. \nc-h[n k¿∆-I-em-im-e-Iƒ Du¿÷-ta-J-e-bv°n-W-ßnb
_ncpZ, _ncp-Zm-\-¥c tImgvkp-Iƒ cq]-I¬∏\ sNbvXp hcp-∂p. TERI bqWn-th-
gvkn‰n CXn-s\mcp sXfn-hm-Wv. Imº v tπkvsa‚pw Cu cwK-Øp≠v.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 15
_ncp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ°mbn F\¿Pn taJ-e-bn¬ \nc-h[n tImgvkp-I-fp-≠v. F\¿Pn
Fw.-_n.-F, sa‰o-cn-bn¬ amt\-Pvsa‚ v, kssπ sNbn≥ amt\-Pvsa‚ v F∂n-h-bn¬ \nc-
h[n tImgvkp-I-fp-≠v. U¬ln sF.-sF.-Sn. bn¬ Du¿÷ taJ-e-bn¬ Fw.-sSIv F\¿Pn
ÃUo-kv, F\¿Pn B‚ v F≥hn-tdm¨sa‚ v amt\-Pvsa‚ v F∂o tImgvkp-I-fp-≠v.
sh√q¿ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v sSIvt\m-f-Pn-bn-epw, t`m∏mense cmPohv Km‘n hniz hnZym-
e-b-Ønepw CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ tImgvkp-I-fp-≠v. Du¿t÷m-ev]m-Z\ taJ-e-bn¬
cmPyØv 50 Hmfw h≥InS k¿°m¿ ]≤-Xn-I-fp-≠v. Cu cwK-Øv Gsd Kth-j-W-
Øn\v km[y-X-bp-≠v. sF.-sF.-Sn. dq¿s°, ]©m-_nse k¿±m¿ kzc¨knwKv \mj-
W¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v F∂n-h-bn¬ Im‰n¬ \n∂p≈ sshZypXn Dev]m-Z-\w, ssPthm¿÷w
F∂n-h-bn¬ Kth-jWw \S-Ømw.
Du¿÷ taJebn¬ DtZym-Km¿∞n-Isf dnIq´v sNøp∂ \nc-h[n Iº-\n-I-fp-
≠v. Sm‰m ]h¿ tkmfm¿, tamk¿ _sb¿ tkmfm¿, kpkvtem¨, dne-b≥kv C¥y,
]n.-F¬.-Pn. ]h¿, ¢mtKm ksÃ-bn-\-_nƒ ¢o≥ sSIv skmeyq-j≥kv, ssS‰-m≥, Fw.-
hn. tkmfm¿ knÃw-kv, epan-\ v ]h¿sS-°v, ]oan-b¿ tkmfm¿ knÃw, sImS°v
Du¿÷w F∂n-h- Chbn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv.
kwcw- IXz taJ-e-bn¬ Du¿t÷m-ev]m-Z\-Øn\v ]k-‡n-tb-dp-∂p. cmPyØv
]Xn-io¿j sshZypXn D]-t`mKw aWn-°q-dn¬ 800 Intemhm´vkmWv. temIØnXv
icm-icn 2500 Intem-hmSv pw. 2030 HmsS CXv 3000 Intem-hm-Svkm-°m-\mWv e£y-an-
´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. cmPy-sØ Du¿÷-\bw, sXmgn¬ e`yX, Ipd-™-sN-ehv, ÿew, sh≈w
F∂n-h-bpsS e`yX F∂nh e£y-an-´mWv ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv.
I¬°-cn, Im‰v, kutcm¿÷w F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂p≈ sshZypXn Dev]m-Z-\-
Øn\v Xmc-X-tay\ sNehv Ipd-hm-Wv. ssPhm-h-in-jvS-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw sshZypXn Dev]m-
Z-n-∏n-°mw. cmPyØv ]Xn-h¿jw 200 Zi-e£w S¨ sshZypXn Im¿jn-Im-h-in-jvS-߃
DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bmWv IW-°v. Hcp en‰¿ FÆ°v ]I-c-ambn 3˛3.5 IntemKmw
ssPhm-h-in-jvS-߃ Du¿t÷m-ev]m-Z-\-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. Du¿t÷m-ev]m-Z\ taJ-
e-bn¬ cmPyØv ssl_nUv lyqh-_nƒ Du¿÷ tamU-ep-I-fp-≠v. Cu cwKØv \nc-
h[n kwtbm-PnX tamU-ep-I-fp-ap≠v.
.........................
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 16
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv taJ-e-I-fnse sXmgn¬ km[y-X-I-fpw, ]Xo-£-Ifpw
am\y-amb Hcp sXmgn¬ F∂Xv GsXmcp _ncp-Z-[m-cn-bp-tSbpw G‰hpw henb
e£yhpw kz]v\-hp-amWv. imkvX kmt¶-XnI cwKØv C∂v BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ Xs∂
h≥ IpXn-∏mWv kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu apt∂-‰-Øn-eqsS \h F©n-\o-b-
dnwKv _ncp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ°v temI-sa-ºmSpw sXmgn¬ km[y-X-bpsS A\-¥-amb hmX-b-
\-ß-fmWv Xpd-∂p-In-´n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. temI-Ønse Xs∂ h≥ i‡n-I-fn-sem-∂m-bn,
AXn-thKw ]cn-W-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ C¥ysb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfhp-w ÿnXn
as‰m-∂-√.
icn-bmb Adnhpw Ign-hp-ap≈ \h-_n-cp-Z-[m-cn°v FÆ-a‰ Ah-k-c-ß-fmWv
sXmgn¬ cwKØv D≈-sX∂ncns° C∂v sNdp-∏-°m¿°n-S-bn¬ sXmgn-en-√mbva h¿≤n-
®-h-cp∂p F∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Hcp hntcm-[m-`m-k-am-Wv. AXn-\qX-\hpw k¶o¿Æ-
hp-amb kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Iƒ A\p-kyqXw IS-∂p-h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ sXmgn¬ cwK-
Øn\v DX-Ip-∂-co-Xn-bn¬ Adn-hpw, ]h¿Øn-]-cn-N-b-hp-ap≈ F©n-\o-b¿amsc kw`m-
h\ sNøp-∂-Xn¬, hfsc sshIn-amXw am‰-߃ kzoI-cn-°p∂ \ΩpsS hnZym-`ymk
kº-Zmbw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv CXn\p ][m-\-Im-c-Ww.
sXmgn¬ cwK-Øp-≠m-Ip∂ Hmtcm ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw A∏-t∏mƒ a\- n-em-°n,
AXv F¥mtWm Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv B tbmKy-X-I-sfms° t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ F©n-
\o-b-dnwKv ]T-\-Øns‚ XpS°w apX¬ Xs∂ Hcp hy‡-amb ]≤-Xn-tbm-Spw, e£y-
tØmSpw IqsS ]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°p∂ Hcp hnZym¿∞n°v Xs‚ sXmgn-se∂ kz]v\w
km£m-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v bmsXm∂pw XS- -am-hp-∂n√ F∂-XmWv bmYm¿∞yw. F©n-
\ob-dnwKv _ncp-Z-[m-cn-I-fpsS sXmgn¬ taJ-e-Isf Xmsg-]-d-bp∂ coXn-bn¬ hnim-e-
ambn Xcw Xncn-°mw.
1. sF.-Sn. taJe (C≥t^m¿ta-j≥ sSIvt\m-fPn)
2. sF.-Sn. CXc taJe
1. sF.-Sn. taJe (C≥t^m¿ta-j≥ sSIvt\m-fPn)
tIµ GP≥kn-bmb NASSCOM 2013¬ \S-Ønb k¿t∆-]-Imcw C¥y-bpsS
GDP bpsS 16% hpw sF.-Sn. taJ-e-bpsS kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. hnh-c-km-t¶-XnI taJ-e-
bn¬ Ct∏m-gp≈ hº≥ sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃°v ta¬∏-d™ IW°v Hcp DØ-a-Zr-
jvSm-¥-am-Wv. kzIm-cy-ta-Je arKo-b-amb B[n-]Xyw ssIbm-fp∂ cwK-amWv C¥y≥
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 17
sF.-Sn. taJ-e. \mj-W¬ C≥t^m¿am-‰nIv sk‚¿ t]mep≈ Npcp-ßnb ÿm]-\-ß-
fmWv s]mXp-ta-J-e-bn¬ C¥y≥ sF.-Sn. cwKØp ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv.
sF.-Sn. k¿∆o-k-kv, _nkn-\ v t]mk v Hu´vtkm-gvknwKv XpS-ßnb
]h¿Ø\ taJ-e-I-fn-embn sXmgn¬ km[y-X-bpsS Hcp temIw Xs∂ \h-_n-cp-Z-[m-
cn-Iƒ°mbn sF.-Sn. cwKw Hcp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. C¥y-bnse H´p-an° sF.-Sn. Iº-\n-
Ifpw A¥m-cmjvS Iº-\n-Iƒ AYhm aƒ´n-\m-j-W¬ Iº-\n-I-fm-b-Xn-\m¬ AXXp
Iº-\n-I-fpsS hntZ-i-cm-Py-Øp≈ imJI-fn¬ hfsc Db¿∂ thX-\-Øn¬ tPmen
sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ [mcmfw Ah-k-c-ßfpw Ah-bnse Poh-\-°m¿°v e`n-°p-∂p.
DZm:˛ C≥t^m-kn-kv, Sn.-kn.-F-kv., hnt]m, F®v.-kn.-F¬
CXp IqSmsX ssatIm tkm^v‰v, sU¬, C‚¬ t]mep≈ At\Iw hntZ-i-I-º-\n-
Ifpw FÆ-a‰ sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃ Xpd∂n´p-sIm≠v \ΩpsS sF.-Sn. cwK-Øn¬ Icp-
Øp-]-I-cp-∂p. \n¿-±n-„ -tbm-Ky-X-I-fp≈ F√m hn`mKw F©n-\o-b-dnwKv _ncp-Z-[m-cn-
Iƒ°pw sF.-Sn. tPmen-Iƒ XnI®pw ]m]y-am-Wv.
2. sF.-Sn. CXc taJe
C¥y≥ kº-Zvhy-h-ÿ-bn¬ s]mXp-ta-J-ebpw kzIm-cy-ta-J-ebpw Xpey-]-
¶m-fnØw ssIbm-fp-∂-XmWv sF.-Sn. CXc taJ-e. hnt\m-Zw, hnZym-`ym-kw, _m¶nMv
B≥Uv ^n\m≥kv, sSen-I-Ωyq-Wn-t°-j≥, sshZy-im-kvXw, sSIvÃ-bn¬, aoUn-b,
Sqdn-kw, KXm-K-Xw, apX¬ _ln-cm-Imi Kth-jWw hsc A\-¥-ambn \o≠p-In-S-
°p∂ sF.-Sn. CXc taJe F©n-\o-b¿am¿°mbn Ah-cpsS A`n-cp-Nn-°pw, Ign-hn\pw,
_ncp-Z-tbm-KyX (_m-©v) °pw A\p-k-cn®v CjvS-ap≈ sXmgn-ep-Iƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-
∂-tXm-sSm∏w AXv kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-tbm, s]mXp-ta-J-etbm Bhp-∂-Xn-\p≈ kzm¥yw
IqSn \¬Ip-∂p. DZm:˛
sF.-Sn. CX-c-ta-Je s]mXp-ta-Je Iº-\n-Iƒ kzIm-cy -ta-Je Iº-\n-Iƒ
Banking State Bank of India HDFC
Punjab National Bank ICICI
Insurance LIC Birla
TATA
Telecommunication BSNL Airtel
Idea
Petroleum Indian Oil Reliance
Tourism ITDC Taj Group
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 18
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
]Xn-\mev tZi-km¬IrX _m¶p-Iƒ°mbn \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ s]mXp-]-th-i\
]co-£-bmb sF.-_n.-]n.-F-kv. hnP-bn-°p-∂-h-cn¬ _lp-`q-cn-`m-Khpw F©n-\o-b-dnwKv
_ncp-Z-[m-cn-I-fm-sW-∂mWv kao-]-Ime k¿t∆-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-t]mse
ap≥]v F©n-\o-b¿am¿ IS-∂p-sN-√p-∂-Xn\pw, Ahsc kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw, aSn-Im-
Wn-®n-cp∂ [mcmfw taJ-e-Iƒ C∂v Ah¿°mbn Ah-k-c-ß-sfm-cp°n ImØn-cn-°p-
∂p.
\h-_n-cp-Z-[m-cn-I-fn¬ \n∂v B[p-\nI sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bpsS ]Xo£
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv _ncp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ°v th≠X sXmgn-ep-Iƒ e`n-°p-∂n-√ F∂
]cmXn hfsc hym]-I-ambn Db-cp-tºmƒ Xs∂, sshZ-KvZy-ap≈ sXmgn-em-fn-Isf e`n-
°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ B[p-\nI sXmgn¬ cwKw ISpØ ]Xn-k‘n t\cn-Sp∂ Ahÿ
C∂v \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.
Cu sshcp-≤ym-fl-I-amb ]Xn-`m-ksØ A]-K-Yn-°p-tºmƒ a\- n-em-hpI
B[p-\nI hnZym-`ym-k-cw-Khpw sXmgn¬cw-Khpw XΩn¬ henb A¥cw \ne-\n¬°p-
∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. sXmgn¬ cwKsØ kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-fpsS h≥Ip-Xn-∏n\pw Bh-iy-
X-Iƒ°pw A\p-k-cn-®p≈ Adnhpw Ignhpw ]pXp-X-e-apd F©n-\o-b¿am-cn¬ Ipd-
™p-h-cp-∂p. Cu Ipdhp adn-I-S-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn sXmgn¬ cwKw G‰hpw A[nIw Bh-
iy-s∏-Sp∂ Nne tbmKy-X-Iƒ Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.
1. A°m-Z-anIv \ne-hmcw
kmam\yw t`Z-s∏´ an° ÿm]-\-ßfpw ]pXp-Xmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-h¿°v
10, +2, _n.-sS°v XpS-ßn-b-h°v Npcp-ßn-bXv 60 iX-am-\-Øn\p apI-fn-se-¶nepw am¿°v
t\Sn-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂ tbmKyX sh°m-dp-≠v. IqSmsX F√m hnj-b-ßfpw ]m m-bn-cn-
°p-Ibpw thWw. ]i-kvX-amb ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ Cu iX-am\w 70Dw 80Dw Hs° BIm-
dp-≠v. kmt¶-XnI hnZy-Iƒ FX ]ptcm-K-an-®mepw F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ASn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-
߃ AYhm t_knIvkv amdp-∂n-√. ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ß-fnse Ah-Kmlw A°m-Z-
anIv am¿°v \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ ]Xn- -en-°p-sa-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv CXv IW-°n-se-Sp-°m≥ ÿm]-
\-ßsf t]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬ Db¿∂Xpw ÿnc-X-bp-≈-Xp-amb Hcp A°m-Z-
anIv ]I-S\w Imgv®-sh-°m≥ ]T\-Øns‚ XpS°w apX¬t° hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ i≤n-
t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
2. kmt¶-XnI Ah-Km-lhpw ]mtbm-KnI _p≤nbpw
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ]T-\-Øn-eqsS kzmb-Ø-am-°n-bn-´p≈ XXz-ßfpw kn≤m-¥-
ßfpw bYm¿∞ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°m≥ Ign-bpI F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv, Hcp
DtZym-Km¿∞n-bn¬ \n∂v sXmgn¬ taJe ]Xo-£n-°p∂ G‰hpw ][m\ tbmKy-X-
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 19
I-fn-sem∂v. AtXm-sSm∏w sXmgn¬ cwKØp IS-∂p-h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ \qX\ kmt¶-
XnI hnZy-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adnhpw ][m-\-am-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Hcp knhn¬ F©n-
\o-b¿°v B cwKsØ \qX\ tkm^v‰vshb-dp-I-sf-°p-dn®≈ ]mho-Wyw, tPmen
t\Sp-∂-Xn\v XnI®pw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.
3. ]mtTy-Xc Ign-hp-Iƒ (Soft Skils)
]T\ hnj-b-߃°pw UnKn-°p-sa√mw ]pd-ta, Hcp s]m -j-W-en-\p-th-≠p∂
XnI®pw ][m-\-s∏´ Nne ]mtTy-Xc Ign-hp-Iƒ Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.
1. lrZy-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bw, kw`m-j-W-Nm-Xpcyw
2. BI¿j-I-amb hy‡n-Xzhpw s]cp-am-‰hpw
3. Bfl-hn-izmkw
4. t\Xr-]m-Shw
5. kl-I-cW at\m-`mhw
6. Inbm-flI Nn¥m-KXn
7. ]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-]m-Shw
8. Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-°m-\p≈ tijn
9. ka-b-_-‘n-X-amb Imcy-߃ ]q¿Øn-bm-°m-\p≈ Ignhv
10. GXp kml-N-cy-hp-ambpw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sm-\pw, kml-N-cy-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v
amdm\pw Ign-bpI
11. am\-knI kΩ¿±-߃ AXn-Po-hn-°pI
12. hy‡n-]-c-amb ASp°pw Nn´bpw A®-S-°hpw
13. kl-Po-hn-I-tfm-Sp≈ klm-\p-`qXn
ta¬-]d™ KpW-ß-sf√mw Xs∂ sXmgn¬ A`n-ap-J-ß-fn¬ Imcy-ambn hne-
bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬, Ch hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v DtZym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ Xoh-]-cn-
io-e\w XpS-tc-≠Xv AXym-h-i-amWv.
s]mXp-hmb dnIq-´nwKv kº-Zmbw
_ncp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ°v H‰ A`n-apJw amXw hgn tPmen e`n-®n-cp∂ Imew C∂v
C√m-Xm-bn Ign-™p. kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bnepw s]mXp-ta-J-e-bn-ep-ap≈ ÿm]-\-߃
At\Iw DtZym-Km¿∞n-I-fn¬ \n∂v hnhn-[-L-´-ß-fnepw coXn-bn-ep≈ ]co-£-W-
߃°v tij-amWv G‰hpw anI® GXm\pw t]sc Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv ÿm]-\-
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 20
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
߃°v A\p-k-cn®v Xnc-s™-Sp∏v coXn-I-fn¬ am‰w hcp-sa-¶nepw s]mXp-hmb Nne-
L-´-߃ CtXm-sSm∏w tN¿°p-∂p.
1. tbmKyX ]cn-tim-[\ (Application Scrutiny)
dnIq-´v-sa‚ns‚ G‰hpw ]mY-anI L´-am-Wn-Xv. DtZym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ am¿°v iX-
am\w, ]mb-]-cn-[n, ]h¿-Øn-]-cnNbw, A[nItbmKy-X-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS ASn-
ÿm-\-Øn¬ ASpØ L -Øn-te°v Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂p. DtZym-Km¿∞n-bpsS _tbm-
Um-‰-bnse hnh-c-W-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv ta¬∏-d™ L´w \S-°p-I.
2. A`n-cpNn ]co£ (Aptitude Test)
\n¿±njvS ASn-ÿm\ A`n-cp-Nn-bp-≈-hsc Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬, hen-∏-s®-dp-∏-
at\y ÿm]-\-߃ C∂v k¿∆ km[m-c-W-ambn Cu D]m[n Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂p.
A`n-cpNn ]co-£-Iƒ, Fgp-Øp-]-co-£-bmbpw Iºyq-´¿h¬°r-X-co-Xn-bnepw
\S-Ø-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. \nan-j-߃°Iw aqey-\n¿Æbw km[y-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Iºyq- ¿ h¬Ir-
X-co-Xn-bmWv an° ÿm]-\-ßfpw C∂v Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂-Xv. 30 an\n´p apX¬ aq∂p
aWn-°q¿ hsc-bp≈ A`n-cpNn ]co-£-I-fmWv km[m-c-W-bmbn I≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv. CXn¬
H‰-hm-°n¬ DØcw Fgp-tX≠ H_vP-Œohpw, hni-Zo-I-cn-s®-gp-tX≠ UnkvIn-]v‰ohv
tNmZy-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°pw.
A`n-cpNn ]co-£-I-fn¬ s]mXp-hn¬ Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-
Sp∂ tNmZy-߃ hcm-dp-≠v.
a. Quantitative Aptitude: ]q¿Æ-ambpw IW-°ns\ Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bp≈ tNmZy-
߃, KWn-X im-kv-X-Øn-se ]m-hoWyw Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬ AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.
b. Critical Reasoning: Hcp kml-N-cy-tam, kµ¿`tam, ]iv\-tam, A]-K-Yn®v
AXn-s\mcp DØcw AYhm ]cn-lmcw ImWp∂ coXn.
c. Verbal Skills : Cw•ojv `mj ]mhoWyw Af-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ tNmZy-߃.
d. General Knowledge: s]mXp-hn-⁄m\w ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ tNmZy-߃.
e. Computer Knowledge: Iºyq-´¿ A`n-cp-Nnbpw Adnhpw ]co-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈
tNmZy-߃.
3. Kq∏v UnkvI-j≥
A`n-cpNn ]co£ ]m m-Ip∂ DtZym-Km¿∞n-Isf 10 apX¬ ]Xn-\-©p-t]¿
hsc AS-ßp∂ sNdp kw-L-ß-fm-°n, s]mXp-hmb Hcp hnj-b-Øn≥ta¬ N¿® \S-
Øp-hm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ coXn-bm-WnXv. 15 ap-X¬ 20 an-\n-‰p-h-sc-bmWv Hcp Kq∏n\v
A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ ka-bw.
DtZym-Km¿∞n-I-fpsS Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Nm-Xp-cyw, A]-K-Y-\-]m-S-hw, ]Xn-I-c-
W-ti-jn, kl-I-cW at\m-`m-hw, t\Xr-]mShw XpS-ßnb Imcy-߃ CXn-eqsS ]cn-
tim-[n-°p-∂p.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 21
4. A`n-ap-J-]-co£ (Personal Interview)
Kq∏v UnkvI-j-\n¬ anI® ]I-S\w Imgv®-sh-°p∂ DtZym-Km¿∞n-I-fn¬
\n∂v Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ DtZym-Km¿∞n, ÿm]-\-Øns‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-s∏´ Bfp-
I-fpsS Hcp kan-Xn-°p-ap-ºn¬ A`n-apJ]co£bv°v lmP-cm-tI-≠n-hcpw. km[m-c-W-
bmbn c≠v L´-ß-fmWv A`n-ap-J-]-co-£-bn¬ D≠m-hp-I.
a. sSIv\n-°¬ C‚¿hyq
]q¿Æ-ambpw ]mTy-hn-j-b-ß-tfbpw a‰p kmt¶-XnI Imcy-ß-tfbpw Bkv]-
Z-am-°n-bp≈ tNmZy-ß-fp-amWv Cu L´-Øn¬ D≠m-hp-I.
b. lyqa¨ dntkm-gvkkv C‚¿hyq
hy‡n-]-c-amb tNmZy-ß-fmhpw Cu L´-Øn¬ D≠m-hp-I.
DZm:˛ \n߃ F¥p-sIm≠v Cu Iº\n sXc-s™-SpØp?
Hcp DtZym-Km¿∞nsb ]q¿Æ-ambn a\- n-em-°m≥ DX-Ip-∂-XmWv Cu L´w.
hy‡-amb Xøm-sd-Sp∏pw ]cn-io-e-\hpw Cu L´w hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-
Xn\v DtZym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ°v Bfl-hn-izmkw \¬Ip-∂p.
Hcp DtZym-Km¿∞nsb Xnc-s™-Sp-°tWm th≠tbm F∂v Xocp-am\w ÿm]-
\-߃ ssIs°m-≈p-∂Xv Cu L´-Øn-em-Wv. Cu L´-Øn¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂
DtZym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ°v tPm-en D-d-∏p-\¬-In-s°m-≠p-≈ Hm-^¿ se-‰¿ t\-cnt´m C˛sa-
bn¬ hgntbm \¬-Ip∂p.
[mcmfw ]Xn-_-‘-ßfpw sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw Ds≠-¶nepw, XpS°w apX¬ Nn´-
bmb ]T\hpw IrXy-amb ]cn-io-e-\-hpw, A¿∏W at\m-`m-h-h-pap≈ bph-X-e-ap-d°v
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv taJe tim`-\-amb Hcp `mhn-bmWv Icp-Xn-sh-®n-´p-≈-sX∂v \n w-
ibw ]d-bmw.
.........................
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 22
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
CHANGING FACE OF TECHNOLOGY
io.-k-t¥mjv kn Ipdp∏v
(No^v FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv Hm^o-k¿, sF.-kn.-Sn.-A-°m-Zan Hm^v tIc-f)
Often we hear that we live in a fast growing and rapidly changing
world. If one takes a moment and tries to understand one reason for these
fast-paced changes in the world, it becomes clear that these are powered by
the advancements in Technology. Gone are the days when one needs to
wait for a week to get an information sent from the other side (as technologist
call it, the snail mail). Worlds biggest retail store ‘Amazon’ doesn’t have a
single retail outlet in the world. Random sampling of data to analyse
population behaviour can be replaced by analysis of a full population using
advanced analytics. The unmanned drones that used to be a creation of a
fiction writer are now in action for both military and civil purposes.
In the early 60s Technology was limited to academic purposes and
defence activities, where as now common citizens of the world use technology
massively. The number of services delivered using technology has increased
multi-fold. This has led to creation of a whole lot of career opportunities for
students having skills in Technology area.
From an Information and Communication Technology perspective,
the opportunities are very wide. Students graduating from Computer
Science, IT, Electronics& Communication Engineering stream and any
stream of Engineering with supplementary subjects relating to Technical
concepts of Technology tools can fulfil their career options by choosing the
interesting world of Information Technology.
Technology Stack
It is important for the aspiring students to understand at a high
level the various stacks of a Typical ICT system. The diagram attached below
provide a conceptual view of the technology stack used in ICT systems.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 23
An integrated set of Hardware, networks, system software, application
software and I/O devices make up an ICT System. Presence of I/O layer,
number of application software, system software, types of hardware and the
kinds of network connectivity are dependent on a number of parameters
and the Business requirements.
The above technology layers are used to create Engineering and
Business applications and products, which enable the users to experience
technology supported business / citizen services.
OS & Systems Software
Hard Ware Level
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 24
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
Career opportunities in Technology domains
Career opportunities are varied across the stack of Technology and
it is offered to students from Fresh graduates to people with experience.
Some of the career roles available to individuals, and a typical career
growth opportunities for students choosing ICT industry, are depicted in
the following diagram.
As fresh graduates, one would typically get trained on ICT skills (or
expect students to possess Industry Skills) and get deployed into junior
roles such as programmers, Junior analysts, Testers, network executive,
technical support executive etc. As individuals gain experience and as they
demonstrate their ability to understand specific areas of technology, they
get deployed into various high-end roles. Typically in 5-8 years, the employee
gets an opportunity to lead teams and in a period of 8-15 years they get to
manage large projects and teams as well. Beyond 15 years of experience,
People will move into Middle and Senior management roles.
------------------------
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 25
imkvX kmt¶-XnI Xe-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-⁄m\w am\-h-cm-in°v D]-bp-‡-am-
°p∂ coXn-bn-ep≈ hnhn-[- Xcw b¥-ß-fpw, sI´nS kap-®-b-ß-fp, Ce-IvtSm-WnIv
D]-I-c-W-ßfpw cq] I¬]\ sNøp∂ hy‡n-bmWv F©n-\o-b¿.
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hn`m-KsØ ][m-\-ambpw tIm¿_m-©pIƒ, AsseUv _m-
©pIƒ F∂n-ßs\ c≠mbn Xcw Xncn-°mw. ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb F©n-\o-b-dnwKv _m©p-
I-fmb sa°m-\n-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv, knhn¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv, Ce-IvSn-°¬ F©n-
\o-b-dnwKv F∂n-h-bm-Wv ][m-\-ambpw tIm¿_m-©pIƒ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ta¬]-
d-™n- p≈ tIm¿ _m©p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn-™n- p≈ Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv B≥Uv
IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥, Iºyq-´¿ kb≥kv, C≥t^m¿ta-j≥ sSIvt\m-f-Pn, _tbmsaUn-
°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv, _tbm sSIvt\m-f-Pn, Hmt´m samss_¬ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv, Fb-
tdm-t\m-´n-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv, Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv B≥Uv C≥kvSp-sa-t‚-j≥ F©n-
\o-b-dnwKv F∂n-h-Ifpw ][m-\-s∏´ _m©p-I-fm-Wv.
][m-\-s∏´ _m©p-Isf Ipdn-®p≈ Hcp eLp hnh-cWw Xmsg sImSp-Øncn-°p-∂p.
sa°m-\n-°-¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv
kmt¶-XnI cwKsØ ]pcm-X-\-amb hn`m-K-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv sa°m-\n-°¬
F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv. Ime-L-´-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v ]pXnb D]-hn-`m-K-߃ ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-sØ-
¶nepw ]mtbm-KnI hn⁄m-\-Øn\v ]m[m\yw I¬]n-°p∂ ASn-ÿm\ hn`m-K-amWv
sa°m-\n-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv. Bb-Xn-\m¬ sa°m-\n-°¬ hn`mKw Cu Ime-L-´-
Ønepw hf-sc-b-[nIw ]k-‡n-bm¿÷n-°p-∂p.
hnhn[ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hn`m-K-ßfpw km[y-X-IfpwtUm.-Fkv.-]n.-kp-_-“-Wy≥
(]n≥kn-∏¬, io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚ v & sSIvt\m-fPn)
temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb I∏-ep-I-fn-sem-∂mWv sImf-k v Hm^v Z ko . Hmbn¬ dn§p-I-fpw, anen-´dn dUm-dp-I-fpw, F¥n-\v, henb I∏-ep-Iƒ t]mepw CXn-eqsS Sm≥kvt]m¿´v sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 26
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
sa°m-\n-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hn`m-K-Øn≥ Iogn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ hnZym¿∞n-
Iƒ°v, Unssk-\nw-Kv, am\p-^m-IvN-dnw-Kv, Hm∏-td-j≥kv B≥Uv sabn‚-\≥kv,
Du¿t÷m-ev]m-Z-\w, sa‰o-cn-b¬kns\ Ipdn-®p≈ ]T\w F∂n-h-I-fn¬ ]mho-Wyhpw
]mtbm-KnI ]cn-⁄m-\hpw t\Sp-hm≥ Ign-bpw. Bb-Xp-sIm≠v amX-am-‰n-Ivknepw
^nkn-Ivknepw sIan-kvSn-bnepw A`n-cp-Nn-bp≈ GsXmcp hnZym¿∞n°pw sa°m-\n-
°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv sXc-s™-Sp-°mw.
]mtbm-KnI ]cn⁄m\w ]I-cp∂ hnhn-t[m-t±y-i-ß-fmb \nc-h[n hnj-b-
߃ sa°m-\n°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kn¬ ]Tn-°m-\p-≠v. Ah-sb-°p-dn®p≈ Adnhv
hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v sa°m-\n-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv sXc-s™-Sp-°m≥ klm-b-I-c-am-Ip-
∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Ah-bn¬ NneXv NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.
][m\ hnj-b-߃ Design & Analysis Production & Manufacturing Thermal Engineering
Mechanics Casting & Joining Thermodynamics
Mechanics of Solids Metal Cutting & Forming Fluid Machinery
Mechanics of Fluids Computer Integrated Heat & Mass Transfer
A\p-_-‘-hn-j-b-߃ Manufacturing
Machine Design Operations Research I C Engines & Gas Turbines
Theory of Machines Tools Engineering & Design Power Plant Engineering
Metallurgy and Operations Management Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
Material Science
Finite Element Methods Metrology & Instrumentation Compressible Fluid Flow
& Rocket Propulsion
sa°m-\n-°¬ _ncp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ°v D∂X hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bmb Fw.-sS-°v,
Fw.-F-kv.-K-th-j-W-Øn\v ]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂ ]n.-F-®v.-Un, t]mÃv tUmIv‰-d¬
s^t√m-jn∏v F∂n-hbv°pw km[y-X-Iƒ hn]p-e-am-Wv.
sa°m-\n-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv _ncp-Z-[m-cn°v C¥y-bnse Xs∂ s]mXp-ta-
J-e-bn-sebpw kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bn-tebpw tPmen km[y-X-Iƒ A\-¥-am-Wv. CXn-ep-]cn
hntZ-i-cm-Py-ß-fnse FÆ-bp-ev]m-Z\ taJ-e-bn¬ sa°m-\n-°¬ _ncp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ Hgn®p
IqSm≥ Ign-bmØ LS-I-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ sa°m-\n-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv
_ncp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ°v D≈ sXmgn¬ Ah-k-c-߃ AXn-hn-]p-e-am-Wv.
sa°m-\n-°¬ _ncp-Z-[m-cn-Isf dnIq´v sNøp∂ A\-h[n s]mXp-ta-Je,
kzImcy taJe Iº-\n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Npcp°w Nne Iº-\n-I-fpsS hnh-c-߃ NphsS
tN¿°p-∂p.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 27
s]mXp-ta-Je Iº-\n-Iƒ kzImcy Iº-\n-Iƒ
IOCL TATA
ONGC Reliance
HPCL Worley Parsons
BPCL L&T
NPCIL Petrofac
BARC Thermax
DRDO Bosch
Cochin Shipyard Pricol
HAL Roots
NAL Automobile Companies
like Tata, Hyundai, Maruti etc
ISRO Appollo Tyres
HMT etc. MRF
knhn¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv
""Nmµvt_mdn'' cmP-ÿm-\n¬ÿnXn sNøp∂ Cu Pem-ibw ]pcm-X\ C¥y-bnse Hcp F©n-\o-b-dnwKvhnkva-b-am-Wv. F.-Un.10˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬\n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´ Cu Ipfw `q\n-c-∏n¬\n∂pw \qd-Sn-tbmfw Xmtg°p \ofp-∂p.3500˛¬ A[nIw I¬∏-S-hp-Iƒ 13 \ne-I-fn¬. \n¿ΩmW sshZKv≤yw sIm≠pwAXp-ey-amb wKnsIm≠pw C∂pw \sΩhnkva-bn-∏n-°p-∂p.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 28
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
G‰hpw ]ucm-Wn-I-amb F©n-\o-b-dnwKv imJ-bmWv knhn¬ F©n-\o-b-dnw-
Kv. a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øns‚ Hmtcm hf¿®m-Im-e-L-´-Ønepw Cu apt∂-‰-Øn\v Xmßmbn
Hcp knhn¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv apt∂‰w ImWmw. Npcp-°-Øn¬ Cu taJ-e-bnse apt∂‰w
am\-h-cm-in-bpsS Xs∂ apt∂-‰-ambn amdp∂p F∂-XmWv Ncn-Xw.
a\p-jys‚ ASn-ÿm\mhiyß-fn¬ H∂mb ]m¿∏nSw F∂-Xp-ambn _‘-
s∏´p InS-°p∂p F∂-XmWv Cu taJ-ebv°v CX ]m[m\yw sImSp-°p-∂Xv. IqSmsX
Hcp cmPy-Øns‚ hf¿®-bpsS Hcp am\-Z-WvU-ambn IW-°m-°p-∂Xv Ahn-SpsØ Xmak
kuI-cyw, KXm-KX kuI-cy-߃ XpS-ßnb C≥^m-kvS-IvN¿ hnI-k\w t\m°n-bm-
Wv. AXm-bXv sa®-s∏´ knhn¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv kt¶-X-߃ F∂m¬ sa®-s∏´
hnI-k\w F∂Xp Xs∂.
]mtbm-KnI ]cn-⁄m-\hpw Ipd®p Iem-hm-k-\bpw ]tXy-In®v NnX-h-c,
inev]-Ie F∂n-h-bn¬ A`n-cp-Nn-bpap≈ GsXm-cmƒ°pw knhn¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv
]Tn-s®-Sp-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp≈p. ]n∂oSv ]mtbm-KnI Xe-Øn¬ tim`n-°m≥ Bflm¿∞-
amb ITn\ ]cn-iaw Xs∂ thWw.
"_q¿÷v Jeo^'
B[p-\nI knhn¬ F©n-\o-
b-dnw -Kns‚ ]Xo-I-am -bn -cn -
°p∂- Cu BImi tKm]p-cw.
a\p-jy-\n¿Ωn-X-amb G‰hpw
Db-c-ap≈ hkvXp-hmWv CXv.
829.8 ao‰¿ (2722 ASn) BWv
CXns‚ Db-cw. tlm´-ep-Iƒ,
^vfm‰p-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS
kap-®-b-amWv CXv.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 29
C∂v temI-Ønse F√m hnI-knX hnI-kzc cmPy-ßfpw Hcp am‰-Øns‚
]mX-bn-em-Wv. ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ]m[m\yw F√m-hcpw
Xncn-®-dn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. CXv knhn¬ F©n-\o-b¿am¿°v Hcp ]pXnb temIw Xs∂
Xpd∂p sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. k¿°m¿, A¿≤-k¿°m¿, kzIm-cytaJ-e-I-fn¬ e£-I-
W-°n\v sXmgn-e-h-k-c-ß-fmWv knhn¬ F©n-\o-b¿amsc ImØn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ch¿°p
]pdsa kz¥-amb Hcp kwcw`w XpS-ßp-hm\pw G‰hpw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-
ßp-∂Xv Hcp knhn¬ F©n-\o-b¿°p Xs∂-bm-Wv.
][m-\-hn-j-b-߃ Structural Geotechnical Transportation Water Resources Environmental Surveying
Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering
A\p-_-‘- Architectural Foundation Highway Hydraulic Water Supply Land Surveying
hn-j-b-߃ Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering
Earth quake Mining Railway River Topographic
Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering Surveying
Wind Geosynthetics Airport Coastal
Engineering Engineering Engineering
Energy, Oil Geomechanics Port & Harbour Ground Water
& Gas Engineering
sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃
s]m-Xp-taJ-em I-º-\nIƒ kzIm-cy taJ-em I-º-\nIƒ
Health Dept BHEL L & T Skyline Builders
PWD Railway Gammon India
Water Authority SAIL Atkins Shoba
Hindustan Developers
Irrigation Dept Indian Steel Construction
Plant Company JMC Projects
Central Water ONGC Tata Projects
Commission Ltd Brigade Group
IOCL MES Unitech
ISRO IES Bridge & Roof
Hydrographic
Surveying
Astronomical
Surveying
Cadastral
Surveying
Sanitary
Engineering
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 30
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
tPmen-km-[y-Xbv°p ]pdta Hcp]mSv D]-cn-]-T\ Kth-jW taJ-e-I-fp≠v Cu
hnj-b-Øn¬. Znh-khpw amdn amdn sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ \n¿ΩmW taJe Cu hnj-b-Ønse
Kth-jW km[y-Xsb Xs∂-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. kvSIvN-d¬ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv, Pntbm-
sS-Iv\n-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv, F≥hn-tdm¨sa‚¬ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv, hm´¿ dntkmgvkv
F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv, Sm≥kvt]m¿t -j≥ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv ][m\ D]-cn-]-
T\ hnj-b-߃. C¥y-bn¬ sF.-sF.-Sn., F≥.-sF.-Sn, a‰v bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-Iƒ F∂n-h \S-
Øp∂ Fw.-sS°v tImgvkp-I-fmWv ][m-\-s∏- h. Chbv°p ]pdta Nne ÿm]-\-߃
Fw.-F-kv. Fw.-C. tImgvkp-Ifpw \S-Øp-∂p-≠v.
CXn-\p-]p-dta amt\-Pvsa‚n¬ Xm¬]-cy-ap-≈-h¿°v Fw.-_n.-F.-t]m-ep≈
tImgvkp-Ifpw sNømw. I¨kvS-£≥ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv amt\-Pvsa‚ v F∂p-≈Xv C∂v
hfsc ]m[m-\y-ap≈ Hcp taJ-e-bm-Wv. C¥y-bn¬ \nIva¿ t]mep≈ ÿm]-\-ß-
fn¬ I¨kvS-£≥ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv amt\-Pvsa‚ v ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.
CeIvSn°¬ B≥Uv Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv F©n-\o-b-dnwKv
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv cwKsØ AXn-]-[m-\-amb Hcp I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-am-Wv awKƒbm≥.
sNm∆ Kl-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\-Øn-\mbn C¥y-bpsS ][m\ kw`m-h-\-bmWv
awKƒbm≥ hnt£-]Ww. hnIw kmcm-`mbv kvt]kv dnk¿®v sk‚-dnse ]K-¤-cmb
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hnZ-Kv≤-cmWv awKƒbm-\ns‚ \n¿Ωm-W-Øn-s‚-bpw, hnt£-]-W-Øn-
s‚bpw Npa-Xe hln-®-Xv. _ln-cm-Im-isØ C¥y-bpsS Ncn-X-]-[m-\-amb t\´-ß-
fnse kph¿Æ-en-]n-I-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp t\´-am-Wn-Xv. F©n-\o-b-
dnwKv mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn-ep≈ F©n-\o-b¿am-cpsS Iq´mb Hcp
]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ e-amWv awKƒbm-\ns‚ hnt£-]-Ww. awKƒbm-\ns‚ hnP-b-I-c-
awKƒbm≥
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 31
amb ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ AXns‚ \nb-¥-W-Øn\v Hcp kp]-[m\ ]¶m-Wp-≈-Xv. Cu
taJ-e-bn¬ Ce-IvSn-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hnZKv≤¿ kp]-[m\ ]¶mWv hln-®n-´p-
≈-Xv. sNm∆sb `aWw sNøp-tºm-gp≈ Hmtc \nan-j-Ønepw FX thK-X-bn¬ k©-
cn-°Ww F∂pw, awKƒbm-\ns‚ k©m-c-Øn¬ th≠ sshZypXn DXv]m-Z-\w, qan-bn-
te°v awKƒbm-\n¬ \n∂pw Abbv°p∂ ktµ-i-ß-fpsS kam-l-c-Ww, `qan-bn¬
\n∂p≈ \nb-¥-Ww, F∂o taJ-e-I-fn¬ Ce-IvSn-°¬ B≥Uv Ce-IvtSmWnIvkv
taJ-e-bpsS kw`m-h\ kvXpkvXy¿l-am-Wv.
imkvX-km-t¶-XnI cwKsØ Hcp \mgn-I-I-√mWv sshZyp-Xn-bpsS I≠p-]n-Sp-
Øw. sshZyp-Xn-bpsS DXv]m-Z-\w, hnX-c-Ww, D]-tbm-K-߃ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v ]Xn-
]m-Zn-°p∂ Hcp ][m\ kmt¶-XnI hn`m-K-amWv Ce-IvSn-°¬ B≥Uv CevIvtSm-
WnIvkv F©n\o-b-dnw-Kv. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Hcp F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hn`m-K-amWv CXv.
`uXn-I-im-kvX-Øn¬ \n∂p-amWv Cu F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hn`m-K-Øns‚ D¤-hw. sshZyp-
Xn-bpsS \n¿Ωm-W-sØbpw hnX-c-W-sØbpw Ipdn®v uXnI imkvX-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-
ÿm-\-K-Wn-X-Øn-s‚bpw klm-b-tØm-sS-bp≈ hni-I-e-\-amWv Ce-IvSn-°¬ B≥Uv
Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv. hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ sshZyp-tXm¬∏m-Z\ \ne-
b-ß-fpsS Unssk-\nw-Kv, I¨tSm-fnw-Kv, sabn‚-\≥kv, Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv D]-I-c-W-
ß-fmb bp.-]n.-F-kv., C≥sh¿´¿ F∂n-h-bpsS Unssk-\nwKv F∂n-hbpw Cu ]mTy-
]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. uXn-I-im-kvX-Ønepw ASn-ÿm-\-K-Wn-X-Ønepw NnX-I-
e-bnepw A`n-cp-Nn-bp≈ Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]Tn-°m-hp∂ G‰hpw \√ hn`m-K-am-Wv Ce-IvSn-
°¬ B≥Uv Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv. ka-Im-eo\ imkvX-cw-KsØ G‰hpw
B[p-\n-I-amb Hcp imJ-bmWv Hmt´m-ta-j≥ hn`mKw. \n¿ΩmW hyh-km-b-ta-J-e-
bpw, D]-t`mK hyh-kmb taJ-e-bpw.Hmt´m ta‰v sNøp∂ C°m-eØv Hmt´m-ta-j-s\-
°p-dn-®p≈ ]T\w ]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p. hnhn-[-X-c-Øn-ep≈ dnte, k¿Iyq v t_°¿,
Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv D]-I-c-W-߃ F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv F©n-\o-b-dnwKv Hmt´m-ta-
j≥ sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu D]-I-c-W-ßsf°pdn®pw hfsc hni-Z-amb coXn-bn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-
°p∂ taJ-e-bm-Wn-Xv.
Ce-IvSn-°¬ & C≥kvSp-sa-t‚-j≥ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv, C≥kvSp-sa-t‚-j≥ &
I¨tSmƒ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv, ]h¿ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv F∂n-h-bmWv Ce-IvSn-°¬ F©n-
\o-b-dnwKv hn`m-K-Øns‚ hnhn[ A\p-_‘ hn`m-K-߃.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 32
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
][m\ hnj-b-߃ Power Power Control
Engineering Electronics and Instrumentation
A\p-_‘ hnj-b-߃ Electrical Power Different types Trouble Shooting of
Generation of controlling Electrical Devices
Different types of
power generating stations Devices for motors
Different types of distribution
Economic considerations
in power generation Design of UPS Inverter Controlling of different
Power System Analysis types of Space crafts
Power System Protector
& utilization
CXp IqSmsX Fw.-sSIv ]h¿πm‚ v F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv, Ce-IvSn-°¬ F©n-\o-
b-dnwKv Unssk≥, C≥U-kvSn-b¬ ssUhvkv & I¨tSmƒ XpS-ßnb hnhn[ Xcw D]cn
]T\ km[y-X-Ifpw Cu tImgvkn-\p-≠v. ]e \h-cXv\ Iº-\n-Ifpw tPmen°p th≠n-
bp≈ Nne ]tXyI k¿´n- n-°‰v tImgvkp-Ifpw Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬ \S-Øp-∂p-≠v.
Ce-IvSn-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hn`m-K-Øn\v hnim-e-amb tPmen km[y-X-I-fm-
Wp-≈-Xv. t_knIv k¿Iyq´v Unssk-\nwKv apX¬ t]mIp∂p Cu km[y-X-Iƒ.
Unssk-\nwKv taJ-e, D]-t`m-K-ta-J-e, DXv]m-Z-\-ta-Je F∂n-ßs\ hnhn[ taJ-e-
I-fn¬ hnim-e-amb sXmgn¬ km[y-X-I-fmWv CXn-epƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xv. C¥y-bnepw
hntZ-i-Øp-ap≈ Nne Iº-\n-I-fnse tPmen km[yX Cu teJ-\-tØm-sSm∏w tN¿°p-
∂p. Kh¨sa‚ v taJ-e-bnepw kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bnepw D≈ tPmen-km-[y-X-Iƒ CXn¬
Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 33
s]mXp-ta-Je Iº-\n-Iƒ kzIm-cy-ta-Je Iº-\n-Iƒ
PWD NEYVELI LIGNITE DUBAI WATER AND ELECTRICTY
CORPORATION AUTHORITY
IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT RASHTRIYA ISPAT QATAR WATER AND
NIGAM LIMITED ELECTRICITY CORPORARION
ELECRTICAL INSPECTORATE RURAL ELECTRIFICATION MIDDLE EAST
CORPORATION LIMITED CONTROL SERVICES
KSEB COCHIN SHIPYARD LIMITED SIMENS
BHEL MAZAGON DOCK LIMITED ABB
NTPC HLL LIFE CARE LIMITED SAMSUNG
GAIL ISRO L&T
ELECTRONICS CORPORATION INDIAN ENGINEERING TEXAS INSTRUMENTS-
OF INDIA UMITED SERVICES US COMPANY
POWER GRID CORPORATION MILITARY ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS
OF INDIA LIMITED SERVICES
BSNL STEEL AUTHORITY OF HONEYWELL-INDIA
INDIA LIMITED
BEML LIMITED AIR PORT AUTHORIY OF KIRLOSKAR
INDIA LIMITED
HAL IOCL,BPCL, ONGC MIL CONTROLS
www.dpc.nic.in
- F∂ sh_vssk‰v kµ¿in-®m¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv cwK-Øp≈ hn]p-e-amb tPmen km[y-X-
I-sf-°p-dn®v Adn-bm≥ km[n-°pw.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 34
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
Iºyq- ¿ kb≥kv B≥Uv F©n-\o-b-dnwKv
hnh-c-ß-fpsS kam-l-c-Whpw ]cn-h¿Ø-\-hp-amWv Iºyq-´¿ F∂ imJbv°p
XpS°w Ipdn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn\p th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ASn-ÿm\ LS-I-ß-fmWv
Iºyq-´¿ _n‰p-Iƒ AYhm ss_‰p-Iƒ.
hnh-c-km-t¶-Xn-I-X-bp-tSbpw B[p-\nI Iºyq-´n-ßn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\XØz-
ßfpw ]mtbm-KnI hi-ßfpw kwtbm-Pn-∏n®p sIm≠p≈ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv imJ-bmWv
Iºyq-´¿ kb≥kv. hnhn-[-Xcw Iºyq-´nßv hnZy-I-fp-tSbpw t]mKm-ap-I-fp-sSbpw
\n¿ΩmW coXn-Ifpw Aπn-t°-j-\p-amWv ChnsS ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
ASn-ÿm\ KWn-Xm-`n-cp-Nnbpw bp‡n-]q¿∆-amb ]iv\ \n¿≤m-cW tijn-
bp-ap-≈-h¿°v Cu taJ-e-bn¬ tim`n-°mw. kz¥-ambn Bπn-t°-j≥ \n¿Ωn-°m-≥
Xmev]-cy-ap-≈-h¿°v Cu taJe DX-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.
tIhew GsX-¶nepw Hcp sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bn¬ amXw tIµo-I-cn-°-s∏-
SmØ imkvX-im-J-bmWv Iºyq-´¿ kb≥kv. F√mw B[p-\n-I-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-
Ibw a\p-jy-k-lm-b-an-√msX ]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ b¥-ß-fpsS Cu
temIØv, Ch-bp-sS-sb√mw ]h¿Ø-\-co-Xn-Isf \nb-¥n-°p-Ibpw klm-bn-°p-
Ibpw sNøp∂ t]mKm-ap-Iƒ°p ]nd-In-ep-≈Xv Iºyq-´¿ F©n-\o-b¿am-cpsS
kvXpXy¿l-amb tkh-\-am-Wv.
Iºyq- ¿ kb≥kv F∂ imJ-bnse ]T\ hnj-b-߃°v km[y-X-Iƒ hfsc hn]p-e-am-Wv.
ENIAC
First electronic General
purpose computer (1946).
Cost 3 crores. Weight 25
tons. Space occuppied 680
sq.ft.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 35
][m\ hnj-b-߃ Computer Software Artificial Other
Network Engineering Intelligence Subjects
Digital Data Architecture Genetic Database
Communication Programming
A\p-_‘ Wireless Quality Pattern Compiler Design
hnj-b-߃ Networking Assurance Recognition
Cryptography Automata
Data Structure
_lpcmjvS Iº-\n-I-fnepw Kh¨sa‚ v ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw Db¿∂ iº-f-
tØmSp IqSnb h≥ sXmgn-e-h-k-c-ß-fmWv Iºyq- ¿ kb≥kv _ncp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ°v Xpd∂p
In´p-∂-Xv.
s]mXp-ta-Je Iº-\n-Iƒ kzIm-cy-ta-Je Iº-\n-Iƒ
ISRO Banks Google
DRDO Engineering Colleges MICROSOFT
IISC Railway INFOSYS
CAIR Navy WIPRO
BAARC Air Force TCS
GAIL Army CTS
SAIL KELTRONE
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 36
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv B≥Uv IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv
hnim-e-amb F©n-\o-b-dnwKv imJ-I-fn-sem-∂mb Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv B≥Uv
IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ C∂sØ G‰hpw ]pXnb sSIvt\m-fPn ASn-ÿm-\-am-°p∂ Hcp
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hn`m-K-am-Wv. CXv Ce-Œn-°¬ _m©n¬ \n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn™p h∂-
Xpw, ][m-\-ambpw c≠v _m©p-Iƒ kwtbm-Pn-®p-≠m-b-Xp-am-Wv. (H∂v Ce-IvtSm-
WnIvkpw c≠v IΩyq-Wn-t°-j-\pw)
C∂v Hcp Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv F©n-\o-b-dpsS ÿm\w sNdnb Hcp Ifn-∏m´w
Unssk-\nw-Kn¬ XpSßn km‰v sse‰v ˛ kvt]kv IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ Unssk≥ hsc
FØn \n¬°p-∂p.
Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv B≥Uv IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-
´p-≈Xv hnhn[ taJ-e-Ifn¬ D]-tbm-Kn®p hcp∂ CeIvtSmWnIvkv Xnb-dn, Unssk≥,
^m_n-t°-j≥, s]mU-£≥ sSÃnwKv B≥Uv am\p-^m-Iv®-dnwKv XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-Wv.
][m-\-ambpw Cu tImgvkp sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv hnh-c-km-t¶-XnI taJ-e-
I-fnse tPmen kw_-‘-amb A]-K-Y-\w, \n¿Ωm-Ww, ]h¿Ø-\w, ]cn-]m-e\w
XpSßn-b-h-bm-Wv. C∂sØ ][m-\-s∏´ hyh-kmb kwcw- -ß-fmb saUn-°¬, Bt´m-
tam-´o-hv, tdmt_m-´n-Iv, Iºyq-´¿ s\‰v h¿°nwKv XpSßn F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw Bh-iy-
ambn hcp∂ Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv D]-I-c-W-ß-sf-Ip-dn®v a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw AXv
]mh¿Øn-I-am-°m≥ ian®p hcn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
1973˛¬ temI-Øn-em-Zy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn®sk¬t^m¨, C∂v FhnsS FØn \n¬°p∂pF∂Xv Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kns‚ amkva-cn-I-Xbv°v Hcp DZm-l-cWw amX-am-Wv. ""temIw apgp-h≥ \ΩpsS hnc¬Xp-ºn¬'' F∂ hmIyw ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂Xv Ce-IvtSm-Wn-Ivkv D]-tbm-Kn-®m-Wv.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 37
][m-\-hn-j-b-ßsf \ap°v Cßs\ Xcw Xncn-°mw.
][m-\-hn-j-b-߃ Electronics Devices Micro Electronics Signal Processing
& Circuits and Digital Systems and Communication
A\p-_-‘-hn-j-b-߃ Basics of Digital Signal &
Electronics Electronics Systems
Network Analysis Computer Organisation Digital Signal
and Synthesis & Architecture Processing
Electronic Micro Field and
Circuits processor Antenna Theory
Solid State VLSI Analog &
Devices Digital Communication
Linear Integrated Digital Optical &
Circuits System Design Satellite Communication
Microwave Active High Speed Digital Design Wireless Mobile
Devices and Circuits Communication
Mechatronics Embedded Systems Data Communication
& Networking
Television Engineering Multimedia Communication
KWnX uXnI imkvX-hn-i-b-ß-fnepw hnhc kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bnepw
A`n-cp-Nn-bp≈ GsXmcp hnZym¿∞n°pw Cu taJe Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Gsd
tPmen km[y-Xbpw Kth-j-W-km-[y-Xbpw D≈ Hcp taJ-e-bm-Wn-Xv.
C¥y-bv°-IØpw hntZ-i-Øp-ambn s\‰v h¿°nw-Kv, C≥^¿ta-j≥ sSIvt\m-
fPn XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn¬ \nc-h[n sXmgn¬ km[y-X-Iƒ C∂v \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.
][m-\-ambpw Cu tImgvkp sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv hnh-c-km-t¶-XnI taJ-e-
I-fnse tPmen kw_-‘-amb A]-K-Y-\w, \n¿Ωm-Ww, ]h¿Ø-\w, ]cn-]m-e\w
XpSßn-b-h-bm-Wv. C∂sØ ][m-\-s∏´ hyh-kmb kwcw- -ß-fmb saUn-°¬, Bt´m-
tam-´o-hv, tdmt_m-´n-Iv, Iºyq-´¿ s\‰v h¿°nwKv XpSßn F√m taJ-e-Ifp-sSbpw Ahn-
`mPy LS-I-amWv Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ]cn-⁄m-\w.
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 38
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
KWnX uXnI imkvX-hn-i-b-ß-fnepw hnhc kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bnepw A`n-
cp-Nn-bp≈ GsXmcp hnZym¿∞n°pw Cu taJe Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Gsd
tPmen km[y-Xbpw Kth-j-W-km-[y-Xbpw D≈ Hcp taJ-e-bm-Wn-Xv.
C¥y-bv°-IØpw hntZ-i-Øp-ambn s\‰v h¿°nw-Kv, C≥^¿ta-j≥ sSIvt\m-
fPn XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn¬ \nc-h[n sXmgn¬ km[y-X-Iƒ C∂v \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.
s]mXp-ta-Je Iº-\n-Iƒ kzIm-cy-ta-Je Iº-\n-Iƒ
Railway BSNL L & T Communication Service
providers (Airtel, Idea etc)
Defense ONGC TCS
Airport BHEL WIPRO Electronics Manufacturing
Companies like Samsung,
Sharp, Panasonic etc
DRO NTPC IBM
ISRO BPCL CTS Teaching Opportunities
BARC KELTRON Infosis
AIR & C MET Microsft
Dooradarsan
KSEB UPSC Google
Banks KPSC Cisco
-hn-hn[ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv _m©p-Isf Ipdn-®p≈ Hcp eLp hnh-c-W-amWv apI-
fn¬ sImSp-Øn- p-≈-Xv. hnZym¿∞n-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw GXv _m©v ]Tn-°p∂p
F∂-Xn-ep-]cn Fßs\ ]Tn-°p∂p F∂-XmWv ][m-\w. icn-bmb Znim-t_m-[hpw
A¿∏W at\m- m-hhpw D≈ GXv hnZym¿∞n°pw F©n-\o-bdnwKv ]T-\-Øn¬ tim`n-
°m\pw AXp-hgn mhn tim -\-am-°m\pw km[n°pw F∂p IqSn ]d-bm-\m-K-ln-°p-∂p.
WELCOME TO THE VAST OPPORTUNITIES OF ENGINEERING
ALL THE BEST !!
.........................
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w 39
AICTE (ALL INDIA COUNCIL FOR TECHNICAL EDUCATION) bpsS AwKo-
Im-c-tØmsS Imen-°‰v bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n°v Iogn¬ ]me-°mSv Pn√-bnse ]´m-ºn-°-
SpØv hmh-∂q-cn¬ kz— kpµ-c-amb ÿeØv ÿnXn sNøp∂ anI® F≥Pn-\o-b-
dnwK hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-amW v SREEPATHY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND
TECHNOLOGY (SIMAT)
2009¬ Bcw-`n®v XpS¿®-bmbn F√m-h¿jhpw hnP-b-i-X-am\w 90%Øn\p apI-
fn¬ \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m≠v 7˛mw h¿j-Øn-te°p apt∂-dn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ SREEPATHY
INSTITUTE \v tIc-f-Ønse F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv hnZym- ymk taJ-e-bn¬ Npcp-ßnb Imew-
sIm≠v Xs∂ ]apJ ÿm\w t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ Bbn-´p-≠v. tIc-f-Ønse F©n-\o-b-
dnwKv tImtf-Pp-I-fnse ]T-\, ]T-t\-Xc kuI-cy-ßsf Ipdn®p ]Tn®v dnt∏m¿´v ka¿∏n-
°p-∂-Xn-\mbn _lp-am-\-s∏´ tIcf sslt°m-SXn \ntbm-Kn® ]cn-tim-[-\m-kw-L-
Øns‚ ]iwk ]nSn-®p-]-‰m-\m-bXv Hcp henb t\´-ambn R߃ ImWp-∂p.
D∂X hnZym-`ym-k-hpw, sshZ-Kv[yhpw sshhn-[y-hp-am¿∂ sXmgn¬ ]cn-N-b-
hpw, amt\-Pvsa‚ v sshZ-Kv[y-hp-ap≈ Hcp Iq´w Bfp-I-fpsS Iq´m-bva-bmb amt\-Pvsa‚ v,
]cn-N-b-k-º-∂-cpw, ]K-¤-cp-amb A≤ym-]-I¿, Ignhpw ]m]vXnbpw tbmKy-Xbpw
Imcy-£-a-X-bp-ap≈ ]n≥kn-∏mƒ F∂nh¿ Cu ÿm]-\-Øns‚ ]tXy-I-X-I-fm-Wv.
A¥¿tZ-iob \ne-hm-c-Øn-ep≈ Iymw]-kv, ¢m v dqap-Iƒ, B[p-\n-I-co-Xn-
bn¬ k÷o-I-cn® hnhn[ et_m-d-´-dn-Iƒ, a‰-\p-_‘ kuI-cy-߃ F∂nh io]Xn
C≥Ãn-‰yq´v tImtf-Pns\ a‰p ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Hcp-]Sn ap∂n¬ \n¿Øp-∂p.
SREEPATHYINSTITUTE OF MANANGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY
“A COLLEGE WHERE WE DO THINGS DIFFERENTLY”
GI-Zn\ inev]-ime 40
io]Xn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚v & sSIvt\m-f-Pnhmh-∂q¿, ]´m-ºn, ]me-°mSv ˛ 679 533
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ tImtfPvs_∂‰v tdmUv, Xr»q¿
F¥p-sIm≠v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ? Hcp hni-I-e\w
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ]T-\-tØm-sSm∏w a’-c-]-co-£-I-fn¬ D∂-X-hn-Pbw t\Sp-
∂-Xn-\pw, ]apJ ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ tPmen t\Sp-∂-Xn\pw hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]m]vX-cm-
°p∂ Hcp apgp-h≥ kab sSbn-\nwKv & tπkvsa‚ v hn`m-Kw, Xr»q¿, ae-∏p-dw, ]me-
°mSv F∂o Pn√-I-fnse H´p-an° F√m ]tZ-i-ß-tfbpw _‘n-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ hn]p-
e-amb Sm≥kvt]m¿´v irwJ-e, Nne-th-dn-bXpw AXy-¥m-[p-\n-I-hp-amb CNC sebvXv
sSbn-\nwKv F∂n-hbpw io]-Xn-bn¬ Hcp-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
D∂X hnZym-`ymk Nne-hp-Iƒ hf-sc-b-[nIw h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ Cu
kml-N-cy-Øn¬ A¿l-Xbpw Ign-hp-ap≈ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv
]T-\-Øn¬ Hcp ssIØm-ßmbn ]h¿Øn-°pI F∂ e£yw ap≥ \n¿Øn
^nkn-Ivkv, sIan-kvSn, amØ-am-‰nIvkv F∂o hnj-b-ß-fn¬ e`n® am¿°ns‚
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Syqj≥ ^okn¬ Cf-hp-Iƒ \¬Inhcp∂ ]≤-Xn-bmWv
""io]Xn kvtImf¿jn∏v kvIow''.
F©n-\o-b-dnwKv ]T\ hn`m-K-߃
1. knhn¬ F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv
2. Iºyq-´¿ F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv
3. Ce-Œn-°¬ & Ce-tŒm-WnIvkv F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv
4. sa°m-\n-°¬ F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv
5. Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv & IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv
F∂o 5 Under Graduate (B.Tech) _m©p-Ifpw
kvSIvN-d¬ F≥Pn-\o-b-dnw-Kv
F∂ Post Graduate (M.Tech) _m©p-amWv Rß-fpsS ÿm]-\-Ønse \ne-hn-ep≈
tImgvkp-Iƒ.
.........................
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