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GROUP 5
Ooi Jia Min SCM-031946
Patrina Bte Saidin SCM-031817
Por Yen Ten SCM-0319!4
S"er#aine $o %a" Yan SCM-030917
Tan &"e %en SCM-03194!Tan 'o(ie SCM-031945
Te) S( Jeanne SCM-030!10
Te) S( ')nne SCM-030!03
*an +(r $a,i#a" inti *an Ro,("an SCM-0318!9
*an. %ai *en SU%/-1503863
M'R +/ OR' COMP'CTO+S
Mi2roioo.) Se#inar
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INTRODUCTION
•
Maaria i a ie-t"reatenin. dieae• T)i2a) tran#itted t"ro(." t"e ite
o an ine2ted no"ee #o(ito
• ne2ted #o(itoe 2arr) t"e Plasmodium araite
• T)e o roto,oan in t"e .en( Plasmodium t"at 2a(e "(#an #aaria - P. vivax
- P.malariae - P. ovale
- P. falciparum → ao no:n a 2erera #aaria
; i t"e #ot et"a ; eti#ated to 2a(e !00 #iion 2ini2a 2ae and 1-3 #iion deat"
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CAUSES OF MALARIA
Bitten ) #o(ito ine2ted :it" t"e Plasmodium araite
n ine2ted #ot"er 2an ao a t"e dieaeto "er a) at irt"
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• T)i2a) de>eo :it"in 10 da) to o(r :ee oo:in. t"e ine2tion
• n o#e eoe? )#to# #a) not de>eo or e>era #ont"
SYMPTOMS OF MALARIA
Ot"er )#to# Anemia ? ood) too? addo#ina 2ra#? o o aetite? diarr"ea?
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• Se>ere 2ae 2(te read o t"e dieae to t"e rain :"i2"
2a(e 2erera #aaria
- ead to 2"ied or roen teet"? i#aired2on2io(ne? ei,(re? 2o#a? and deat"
• Materna #aaria in2reae t"e ri o ontaneo( aortion?
tiirt"? re#at(re dei>er)? and o: irt" :ei."t
re#at(re a) 2o#a
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1 /(rin. t"e ite? t"e #o(ito tae a ood #ea and in@e2t araite into
t"e ne: "otA oodtrea#! T"ee araite re2ei>e 2"e#i2a 2(e t"at ao: t"e# to raid) enter 2e
o t"e "otA i>er
3 *it"o(t 2a(in. an) at"oo.) to t"e i>er? t"e Pa#odi(# araite
#(tiie and de>eo into a ood ta.e on2e a.ain
- /eendin. on t"e e2ie? it :i re#ain in t"e i>er or 6da) to 1 )ear eore reenterin. t"e oodtrea#
4 T"ro(." recognition of cell surface recetors? t"e araite in>ade t"e
n(trient-ri2" red ood 2e
- n t"i ta.e? t"e araite .ro: and #(ti)
raid)? in>adin. ne: red ood 2e e>er) 48 "o(r to 7!
"o(r (nti t"e "ot itera) 2ontain iion o araite
5 Cone(ent)? t"e :oen red ood 2e (rt and t"e araite and t"eir
toi2 #etaoi2 )rod(2t are reeaed into t"e "otA oodtrea#?
ind(2in. #an) o t"e )#to# o 2ini2a #aaria
TRANSMISSION
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• $a t:o ta.e in $(#an and in Mo(ito
n "(#an
• T"e) are inter#ediate "ot Rerod(2e ) ae(a #et"od
i>a P o>ae 2a(e reae 'ierated #ero,oite 2aed
2r)to,oite
• n RBC
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B n #o(ito
De#ae ano"ee #o(ito n.et t"e e(a
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• On2e in t"e "(#an oodtrea#? t"e oro,oite arri>e in t"ei>er and enetrate "eato2)te? :"ere t"e) re#ain or 9-16da)? #(ti)in. :it"in t"e 2e
• +et t"e) ret(rn to t"e ood and enetrate red ood 2e? in:"i2" t"e) rod(2e eit"er #ero,oite? :"i2" reine2t t"e i>er?or #i2ro- and #a2ro.a#eto2)te? :"i2" "a>e no (rt"era2ti>it) :it"in t"e "(#an "ot
• not"er #o(ito arri>in. to eed on t"e ood #a) (2 (t"ee .a#eto2)te into it .(t? :"ere ea.eation o#i2ro.a#eto2)te o22(r? and t"e #a2ro.a#eto2)te areertii,ed
•
T"e re(tin. ooinete enetrate t"e :a o a 2e in t"e#id.(t? :"ere it de>eo into an oo2)t
• Soro.en) :it"in t"e oo2)t rod(2e #an) oro,oite and?:"en t"e oo2)t r(t(re? t"e oro,oite #i.rate to t"eai>ar) .and? or in@e2tion into anot"er "ot
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Ora Co#i2ation o
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Ora Condition o(nd in Patient :"o "a>e
#aaria - ind(2ed ane#ia
MucosalPallor
AngularCheilitis
Erythema oforal mucosa
Loss ofliform andfungiform
papillae ondorsum of
tongue
Malaria infection can cause severe anemia,which manifest as pallor of the tongue and
buccal mucosa in the oral cavity
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MUCOS' P''OR
• Pae 2oor een on #(2oa 2a(ed ) ane#ia? re(to a red(2ed a#o(nt o o)"ae#o.oin
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+GU'R C$''TS
• na##ation o i n2(din. t"e in aro(n t"e#o(t"? >er#iion order and t"e aia #(2oa
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RYT$M OD MUCOS'
• 2o##on ora ina##ator) 2ondition2o##on) ae2tin. t"e ton.(e
•Ma) o22(r in 2"idren and ad(t and e"iita e#ae redie2tion
• Ca(ed ) atro") o iior# aiae and
(rro(nded ee>ated :"ite order
• B(rnin. enation
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Ora Co#i2ation Seen in Patient:it" 2(te Maaria :it" eritent
!" COATED#$%ITE TON&UE
• Te#orar) 2"an.e in aearan2e o ton.(e :"en t"e (ra2e i 2ooni,ed ) ateriaH(n.i and dead 2e e2o#e traed et:een t"e #a nod(e on t"eton.(e Ca(in. ton.(e ain
'" DRY MOUT%
• Red(2ed in ai>ar) o: rate 2a(in. dr)ne? dii2(t) :it" #ati2ation?:ao:in and in2reae ri o 2arie
noreia Man(tritionDe>er 2idoi
(" ORAL MALADOUR )%ALITOSIS"
•n e#ent o (neaant ora odo(r? re(tin. in oorora ").iene and re(tin. .in.i>iti and eriodontiti
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Ora Co#i2ation Seen in Patient
:it" Cerera Maaria• Patient? 2o##on) 2"idren :it" 2erera #aaria
eerien2e eiode fe*rile con+ulsions )sei,ures"
• Ca(e tra(#a to teet" and it (rro(ndin.tr(2t(re
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Ot"er Ora Manietation
(" ORAL CANDIDIASIS# T%RUS%
• ne2tion o )eat (n.( o(nd in i##(no-2o#ro#ied atient
•S)#to# *"ite? 2rea# ? )eo: ot in #o(t"
!" CANCRUM OSIS#NOMA
• Gan.reno( ine2tion o t"e #o(t" ae2tin. #ano(ri"ed
2"idren 2o##on) ro# 1-4 )ear od• Ca(e dii2(t) in oenin. #o(t" d(e to :ein. and ain
• Pri#ar) teet" o or da#a.e to er#anent toot" (d? an)oio TMJ #a) o22(r
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C'+C' /G+OSS?
TRTM+TS
PRI+TO+S
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CLINICAL DIA&NOSIS
A- Fe*rile aro./sm0• .enera) in ear) aternoon
• 2od ta.e
• "ot ta.e
• De>er re2(r in e>er) t"ird da)
er= or o(rt" da)
er=
1- Falcierum malaria0
• t"ere #a) e no aro)#
• e>er #a) 2ontino(
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(- Microscoic Diagnosis
• ea#inin. (nder t"e #i2ro2oe a dro
o t"e atientA ood
• t"e e2i#en i tained e t"e
araite a ditin2ti>e aearan2e
!- Antigen Detection
'- Molecular Diagnosis
• Paraite n(2ei2 a2id are dete2ted
(in. o)#erae 2"ain rea2tion
aiae
(i2) eno(." to e o >a(e in
etai"in. t"e dia.noi o #aariaine2tion
TYPES OF DIA&NOSIS
Blood smear stained with Giemsa, showinga white blood cell (on left side) and several
red blood cells, two of which are infectedwith Plasmodium falciparum (on right side).
nti.en /ete2tion
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2- Serolog/
• dete2t antiodie a.aint #aaria
araite
• (in. indire2t i##(no(ore2en2e
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•
+o >a22ine a.aint #aaria• Tain. 2are o ora ").iene to re>ent erio( ora #anietation
• Can on) ra2ti2e re>enti>e e"a>io(r and tae re2o##ended
dr(.
- to aid in re>entin. andHor #ana.in. #aaria ine2tion
TREATMENT OF MALARIA
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A- Ta4e recommen5e5 5rug 0
• /eend on e>era a2tor
1 T"e t)e eno( in(ion
! T"e area :"ere t"e ine2tion :a a2(ired and it dr(.-reitan2e tat(
3 T"e 2ini2a tat( o t"e atient
4 n) a22o#an)in. ine or 2onditionK
- G6P/ atient 2annot tae Pri#a(ine
5 Pre.nan2)- 2annot tae Pri#a(ine
6 /r(. aer.ie? or ot"er #edi2ation taen ) t"e atient
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• Mot dr(. (ed in treat#ent are a2ti>e a.aint t"e araite or# in t"e ood
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B >oidan2e e"a>ior in2(de
• (in. indoorHo(tdoor reid(a ra)
• ei#inatin. :ater reedin. .ro(nd
• (in. erona rote2tion
• (in. ine2ti2ide treated ed net
• a>oidin. #o(ito itin. ri#e ti#e
- arti2(ar) d( and da:n
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REFERENCES
• http:www!dimensionsofdentalhygiene!com"##$%"&'ecember(eaturesMalaria&and&the&'ental&)ygienist!asp*
•
https:www!researchgate!netpublication++--#.&Malaria&and&oral&health
• http:www!healthline!comhealthmalaria/Causes"
• http:www!cdc!govmalariadiagnosis&treatmentdiagnosis!html
• http:www!cdc!govmalariadiagnosis&treatmenttreatment!html
• http:www!healthline!comhealthmalaria/0utloo1-
• http:www dimensionsofdentalhygiene com"##$%" 'ecember(eatures
http://www.dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/2009/12_December/Features/Malaria_and_the_Dental_Hygienist.aspxhttp://www.dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/2009/12_December/Features/Malaria_and_the_Dental_Hygienist.aspxhttp://www.dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/2009/12_December/Features/Malaria_and_the_Dental_Hygienist.aspxhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/5657703_Malaria_and_oral_healthhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/5657703_Malaria_and_oral_healthhttp://www.healthline.com/health/malaria%23Causes2http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/diagnosis.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/treatment.htmlhttp://www.healthline.com/health/malaria%23Outlook7http://www.dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/2009/12_December/Features/Malaria_and_the_Dental_Hygienist.aspxhttp://www.dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/2009/12_December/Features/Malaria_and_the_Dental_Hygienist.aspxhttp://www.healthline.com/health/malaria%23Outlook7http://www.healthline.com/health/malaria%23Outlook7http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/treatment.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/treatment.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/diagnosis.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/diagnosis.htmlhttp://www.healthline.com/health/malaria%23Causes2https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5657703_Malaria_and_oral_healthhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/5657703_Malaria_and_oral_healthhttp://www.dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/2009/12_December/Features/Malaria_and_the_Dental_Hygienist.aspxhttp://www.dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/2009/12_December/Features/Malaria_and_the_Dental_Hygienist.aspxhttp://www.dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/2009/12_December/Features/Malaria_and_the_Dental_Hygienist.aspx