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Nic
By: Lina
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Demographics Population: 5,727,707 (July
2011) Birth Rate: 19.12
births/1,000
Death Rate: 5.04deaths/1,000
Infant Mortality Rate:21.86 deaths/1,000 births
Life Expectancy at birth:72.18 years
Religion: Roman Catholic (58.5%), Protestant (23.2%) therest is other.
Language: Spanish (Official)
Literacy: age 15 and over canread & write: 67.5%
Maternal Mortality Rate: 100deaths/100,000 live births
Children under 5 years who areunderweight: about 4.3%
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History
first settled by the Spanish in 1522
characterized by armed conflicts between liberals and
conservatives with American interventions here and there with the
Sandinistas in power
In 1990, the Sandinistas who had come into power by way of aviolent rebellion handed over the power to the democratically
elected Violeta Chamorro of their own accord--thus enacting the
first time in recent world history that any rebellion has ever
submitted to democratic elections and then peacefully stepped
down from power.
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Economy Ranks 21st out of 29 countries in South/Central America/ Caribbean Region
GDP: $18.9 Billion
Unemployment: 8.0%
Exports include: coffee, beef, tobacco, peanuts, sugar, shrimp and lobster
Imports: consumer goods, raw materials, petroleum products, machinery anequipment
Half of the population is underemployed
Central America-Dominican Republic- United States Free Trade Agreement: helped to diversify the economy
Still remains among the poorest and least developed country in North & SouAmerica
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Education
Somoza family dictatorship (1937-1979)
Nicaraguas illiteracy rate was about 75-90% in rural areas
50% overall
Sandinista Revolution -More of the governments spending was going
towards building schools and helping to increase
the literacy rate
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Education (con.)
President Daniel Ortega
-Education is free for all
-Nationwide literacy campaign
-Doubled the budget spent on the education system
Still, not all children are going to school since their families cannot financially
support them In 2003, 823,000 children (out of 1.55 million) did not finish the 2003
school year
Government struggles to pay the bill for education
A teacher is one of the lowest paying jobs ($185-$226 a month)
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Attendance of Primary School Between1991-2010
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/docum
ent.aspx?ReportId=121&IF_Language=en&BR_Country=5580
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Food/Agriculture
Since its origin, the fundamental basis of Nicaraguan food has been corn
other ingredients widely used in the Nicaraguan kitchen, mostly local,
tropical products.
Famous plates:
Nacatamal, Vigorn and Quesillo
Nicaragua's economy is predominantly agricultural
main agricultural exports are coffee, cotton, sugar, and bananas
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Health Status/ Health Challenges
Nicaragua faces inequity in access to healthservices
Main causes of death for children under 5
are: respiratory, diarrhea, malnutrition andmeningitis.
Maternal mortality rate is high comparedto other nations because 55% of womengive birth at home.
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Diseases
Communicable Diseases: Malaria, Dengue fever, TB,HIV/AIDS is rising but not significant, and Chagas disease.
Non Communicable diseases: Cardiovascular disease,diabetes, and cancer.
These diseases require laboratories to diagnose but there
is huge inequality in the amount of laboratories available.Most are found in the capital city. If tests are done, theytake a long time if you live in a rural area. Unfortunately,this is where these diseases mostly happen.
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Environment Infrastructure is bad in Nicaragua as most healthcare
facilities do not have a reliable source of electricity orpotable water.
The environment is not helping the situation. Naturaldisasters plague the country. It is highly vulnerable tohurricanes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, droughtsand floods. When theses disasters occur, they destroywhatever small progress that had been made in regardto healthcare provision and infrastructure.
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MINSA
MINSA stands for Ministerio de Saludor Health Ministry.
MINSA is the main provider of health services and officially coverabout 70% of the population.
It is also a regulatory agency for health care.
MINSA has 1059 health facilities administered by 17 departmentagovernments.
Mission: MINSAs mission is to provide Nicaraguan citizenswith individually tailored health services, to guarantee free anduniversal access to health services, and to promote healthy practand lifestyles that will improve quality of life and life expectancyand maximize national efforts to foster human development.
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Shortcomings
Health care workers make low wages that arecomparable to those in laborious industries likemining and construction.
General practitioners make $544 a month on
average--the lowest in Central America. There is constant change and re-organization of
personnel within MINSA due to changes ingovernment every 4 years.
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Delivery They struggle with Diagnostics and Laboratory services due to th
unequal distribution of these facilities around the country. HighlInefficient and costly.
Infrastructure hinders good medical care as many facilities have access to reliable sources of electricity or potable water.
Overall, there is a shortage of well trained medical personnel. Tensures that quality of care is not very good.
They also suffer from irregular medical supplies and stock outs acommon.
They have a very low budget that stems from the fact that Nicarthe second poorest country in Latin America and the Caribbean.
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Availability of Human Resources for
Healthcare
Health care under Sandinistas rule improved, although the country was inserious debt after the Somoza dictatorship
Many smaller medical clinics than hospitals, no advanced medical technology
About 55% of women in rural areas give birth at home; 65% are illiterate
Rely on international countries to provide aid and send supplies
Poor dental health (1 dentist per 10,000 people)
Only 6.3% of entire population is insured
The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO Strategic Plan 2003-2007
Ministry of Health
Center for Development in Central America (CDCA) increase access to healthcare
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Education (all Levels) Profile - Nicaragua. UNESCO Institute for Statistics, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 20."Education in Nicaragua." Education in Nicaragua. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
."Nicaragua : The Sandinista Government." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britann11 Feb. 2013.
."Medical Care in Nicaragua." Nicaragua. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2013.
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-Halperin, DC, and R. Garfield. Developments in Health Care in Nicaragua. PubMed, 5 Aug. 1Feb. 2013. .-Country Cooperation at a Glance: Nicaragua. World Health Organization, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2.-"Nicaragua." Nicaragua. Global Natural Health Alliance, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
.-"Health For All." Health Care in Nicaragua. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
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Bibliography
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"Child and Maternal Health Issues in Nicaragua." Child and Maternal Health Issues inNicaragua. Foundation for Sustainable Development, n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Sequeira M, Espinoza H, Amador JJ, Domingo G, Quintanilla M, and de los Santos T. TNicaraguan Health System. Seattle, Washington: PATH; 2011.
CIA World Factbook. Nicaragua Demographics Profile 2012. 08 Feb. 2013
Nicaragua. 2013 Index of Economic Freedom. 08 Feb. 2013