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Open Access and quality assurance – from a national, library and university perspective

Barcelona 10 February 2012

Jan Hagerlid, coordinator of the OpenAccess.se programme,

National Library of Sweden

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Some tracks

Quality in a wider sense

Challenges on a national level

National Open Access policy

A national library as a catalyst for an Open Access agenda

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OA and quality assurance

However, although journals can be accessed free of charge under Open Access, publishing

these often involves charging authors or their institutions article processing charges.

This raises questions of fairness and conflicts of interest. How, in this context, can the

quality of research be assured and the public benefit of research maximized both at the

same time?

Open access is quite compatible with quality assurance of scientific content

- Green road – peer review is done by TA (toll access) journals

- Golden road – decisions on publishing and author processing charges are kept apart. Peer review is standard

PloS: “PLoS is committed to a fair, rigorous editorial process. Scientific quality and importance are the sole considerations in publication decisions.”

There will always be non-serious (OA) publishers. But we warn for them, and they won't attract authors in the long run

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Quality issues from a national perspective

The challenge is to manage a transition to an Open Access model, which

Is economically sustainable for authors, universities and funders

Is efficient and flexible for both authors and users

Guarantees long term access to publications (and data)

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What needs to be in place?

Clear and coordinated Open Access policies from Higer Education Institutions (HEIs) and funders

Infrastructure with user-friendly and efficient services to researchers, including repositories at HEIs, national OA journals, national search service, data centres etc

– Quality of metadata important issue

Reliable information and advice to researchers about Open Access

Economic agreements and solutions that facilitates publishing in OA journals, or at least create a ”level playing field”

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National Library of Sweden

National Library of Sweden, also KB, short for Kungliga Biblioteket

• 1661-, legal deposit of print material

• 2009-, Swedish recorded sound and

moving images

• 1990-, coordinating research libraries • 2011-, also public libraries

• Maintains nationwide search service LIBRIS

• Organizes national consortium for licenses for e-resources

www.openaccess.se

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OA in Sweden today - Higher Education institutions

Open Access repositories at all universities and

major university colleges, 36 out of 40

Three HEIs have OA mandates, Chalmers, Blekinge and Malmö

OA recommendations (12)

Mandates for full-text publishing of theses (12)

SwePub search service at LIBRIS gives coordinated access to metadata and publications in OA repositories from all HEIs

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Research funders – OA mandates

Government funding councils The Swedish Research Council, 2009 Formas (sustainable development), 2009 FAS, Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research,

2011

Foundations Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (Social Science and Humanities), 2010 Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (research, research networks and

equipment in the technical, natural sciences and biomedical fields), 2010 The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, connected to

Södertörn University, 2011

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OpenAccess.se

Mission

promote Open Access to the works produced by researchers, teachers and students, by supporting Open Access publishing - OA repositories and OA journals - at Swedish institutions of higher education.

Partners

The programme is run by the National Library in partnership with the Association of Swedish Higher Education, the Swedish Research Council, the Royal Swedish Academy of the Sciences, the Swedish Knowledge Foundation and Riksbankens Jubileumsfond.

Started in 2006, international evaluation in 2009, new phase 2010-

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National Open Access policy?

The Ministry of Education in 2009, vague promise

The steering committe of the OpenAccess.se in 2011, formal adress

”---a national policy would increase the coordination, strength and pace of the process”

- A clear goal in research policy to support a transition to OA

- Relate to other goals in national research policy

- Overview of actions needed and how revant stakeholders should cooperate

Our proposal will be integrated in the work of the national Research Bill, coming autumn 2012

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Open Access policy for NL Sweden

• Support for Open Access publishing within higher education

• licensing deals and Open Access publishing

• digitized non copyright protected material

• Publications of the library and of its staff

• Metadata created or aggregated by the library

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Open Access and national libraries

Open Access in the broad sense of the Berlin Declaration essentially concerns all national libraries

• We want to give the widest possible access to our national cultural heritage, research publications and the metadata describing them

• We also want to guarantee long-term access to digital documents

• The National Library of Sweden is specific in that we also coordinates research libraries

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Thank you for listening!

Questions?

Contact: jan.hagerlid@kb.se

Take a look at www.openaccess.se!

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Supplementary material

Some more material for the debate

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A non-functioning market

• Commercial principles have been superimposed on a system for internal communication where the reward is prestige

• Monopolies give extreme profit margins, which blocks development

• Market dominated by a few big publishers, no real competion.

Elsevier, the biggest publisher of journals with almost 2,000 titles, cruised through the recession. Last year it made £724m ($1.1 billion) on revenues of £2 billion—an operating-profit margin of 36%.” Economist, 26 May 2011

”--- What we see here is pure rentier capitalism: monopolising a public resource then charging exorbitant fees to use it.” George Monbiot, Guardian 30 Aug 2011

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Transition to OA in economic terms

• Huge savings and increases in return to R&D

• Real competion is possible

• All costs have to be met in connection with production, not access

• Responsibility for funding is redistributed between institutions and between countries. Noblesse oblige=Research intensity costs.

• To move funds from e-licenses to OA publishing, OA globally has to reach a certain level

• Complicated? Yes, but should Google have become a success if you had to pay for your searches?

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The EU and Open Access

Policy, initiating dicussion, pushing member states

EU Communication: ”On scientific information in the digital age: access, dissemination and preservation”, 2007

Council Conclusions on scientific information in the digital age: access, disemination and preservation, 2007

Research funding, FP7 55 billion euro, 2007 – 2013.

Open Access Pilot , 20 % of FP7 European Research Council

Infrastructure, surveys, business models:OpenAIRE, SOAP, PEER, OAPEN...

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EU future plans

• ”..publicly funded research should be widely disseminated through Open Access publication of scientific data and papers.”

• ”..the Commission will appropriately extend current Open Access publication requirements…”

• A Digital Agenda for Europé, COM (2010) 245

• Neelie Kroes vice president of the European Commission,

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Results from a recent global survey

Overall OA-shares

The weighted average OA availability over all disciplines was 20,4%. This further splits up into 8,5% in OA journals and 11,9% copies in repositories and web sites.

Björk B-C, Welling P, Laakso M, Majlender P, Hedlund T, et al. 2010 Open Access to the Scientific Journal Literature: Situation 2009. PLoS ONE 5(6):,

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Björk B-C, Welling P, Laakso M, Majlender P, Hedlund T, et al. 2010 Open Access to the

Scientific Journal Literature: Situation 2009. PLoS ONE 5(6):, Fig.4

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Some figures on OA developments

Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) gives access to 7459 quality controlled OA journals (of a total ca 25 000). Growth 2011 24 %,

Growth of OA journals 2000-2009 18% (journals) and 30 % (articles) annually, (Laakso et al 2011, PLoS ONE)

OA search services

BASE: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine

December 31, 2011 2011 growth (numeric) 2011 growth (percentage)

# documents 33,598,612 8,082,061 32%

# service providers 2,072 345 20%

Scientific commons: 38,261,214 publications