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TRANSLATION OF mRNA

JUAN JOSÉ GIL SERNA

Medical Utility Bibliography

Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2015, August 13). Alert to biologists: Ribosomes can translate 'untranslated region' of messenger RNA. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 28, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150813130024.htm Thomas Jefferson University. (2015, July 6). tRNAs are segmented into fragments in a manner that depends on race, gender and population. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 28, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150706114221.htm

There is no doubt that most of the science researchs are focused on medicine and more specific to treat diseases. I personally think that these 2 investigations are no exception because both of them could perfectly lead us to a more correct approach of what happens in the human body when we get ill. The first reasearch is very important cause of it acknoeledge of some proteins that normally shouldn`t be formed but for some reason they are; from here we can assume that ribosome feel when the body needs more proteins.The second finding lead us to a different approach of diseases that have not been tried; maybe just maybe by this way we could end with a very successfull result not only for science but also for medicine and more important patients.

Alert to biologists: Ribosomes can translate 'untranslated region' of messenger RNA

NEWS #2

In what appears to be an unexpected challenge to a long-accepted fact of biology, Johns Hopkins researchers say they have found that ribosomes -- the molecular machines in all cells that build proteins -- can sometimes do so even within the so-called untranslated regions of the ribbons of genetic material known as messenger RNA (mRNA).

Introduction

Student’s Opinion

tRNAs are segmented into fragments in a manner that

depends on race, gender and population

The study reports on a newly discovered category of tRNA fragments as well as shows that all tRNAs are rich sources of very diverse short molecules whose characteristics depend on a person's gender, population, and race and differ according to tissue and disease type.Student’s Opinion

The findings in these research are hugely usefull because of it`s important when a patient is in a potencial state of depletion of proteins; therefore could be a solution for starvation or many lack of protein diseases.

The results of these investigation brings with it a wide use cause of it`s epidemiological character, which means that have great importance on infectious andcontagious diseases.These results also mean that we`re going to have to treat our patients individually cause each of them develops different.

The process of synthesis of proteins takes place at the ribosomes formed by rRNA in the cytoplasm of the cells. These proteins are essential for almost every single function of the human body.It all begins with a mRNA mold coming from the nucleus after the replication and transcription of DNA and the maduration of RNA.This mRNA has the genetic code that codifies for the proteins after it`s reading by tRNA which has the aminoacids to create the polypeptidic chain.This whole process could be summarized in 3 stages: initiation, elongation and termination.

Introduction

The process of synthesis of proteins takes place at the ribosomes formed by rRNA in the cytoplasm of the cells. These proteins are essential for almost every single function of the human body.It all begins with a mRNA mold coming from the nucleus after the replication and transcription of DNA and the maduration of RNA.This mRNA has the genetic code that codifies for the proteins after it`s reading by tRNA which has the aminoacids to create the polypeptidic chain.This whole process could be summarized in 3 stages: initiation, elongation and termination.

The initiation of translation is when the mRNA joins to the small

subunit of the ribosome, then the tRNA sticks to them

and finally comes the big subunit covering all.Elongation is basically the formation of the

polypeptidic chain by pepticic bonds between

aminoacids.At the end, the

termination stage turns off the proccess

because a stop codon it`s read.

Alert to biologists: Ribosomes can translate 'untranslated region' of messenger RNA

In what appears to be an unexpected challenge to a long-accepted fact of biology, Johns Hopkins researchers say they have found that ribosomes -- the molecular machines in all cells that build proteins -- can sometimes do so even within the so-called untranslated regions of the ribbons of genetic material known as messenger RNA (mRNA).Student’s OpinionThe findings in these research are hugely usefull because of it`s important when a patient is in a potencial state of depletion of proteins; therefore could be a solution for starvation or many lack of protein diseases.

Ribosomes can translate 'untranslated region' of

messenger RNA.Johns Hopkins Medicine

August 13, 2015

Ribosomes can translate 'untranslated region' of messenger RNA

This research opens up further questions to be cleared, because the proteins made by this unusual way could be potencial solutions to understand cancer and how

cells respond to stress.


The study began with a protein called that RLi1 split

the 2 subunits of the ribosome when it`s no

longer needed so it can be available to translate

another mRNA.Depletion of the RLi1 lead to piled the ribosomes at stop

codon and they also saw evidence that they were

active at the untrasnlated regions.


The authors explain that this phenomenon happens

to be because the ribosomes fail to get

recycled when they reach the stop codon in the mRNA; therefore the

ribosome restart without a signal and make these

proteins from untraslated regions.


Student`s opinion

Besides of the importance for science and cell understanding of this study; i think is very usefull to go further on what we know about cancer and also possibly for some

cases of starvation.

NEWS #2tRNAs are segmented into

fragments in a manner that depends on race, gender and

populationThe study reports on a newly discovered category of tRNA fragments as well as shows that all tRNAs are rich sources of very diverse short molecules whose characteristics depend on a person's gender, population, and race and differ according to tissue and disease type.Student’s OpinionThe results of these investigation brings with it a wide use cause of it`s epidemiological character, which means that have great importance on infectious andcontagious diseases.These results also mean that we`re going to have to treat our patients individually cause each of them develops different.

tRNAs are segmented into fragments in a manner that depends on race,

gender and population.Thomas Jefferson

UniversityJuly 6, 2015

tRNAs are segmented into fragments in a manner that depends on race, gender and population.

The genomic loci encoding tRNA also rise shorter tRNA fragments tRFs, which are

5`halve, 3`halve, 5`tRF and 3`tRF; later all of them were

called internal tRNA fragments.


These fragments have regulatory roles in cellular processes such as translation initiation, response to viral infection, response to DNA damage and cell proliferation in

hormose sensitive cancer.


The abundance, length and starting and ending point of these fragments depend on person`s race, population and gender; besides they

also change between tissues and diseases subtypes, so it`s correct to say that they share a constitutive nature.


Student`s opinion

With a deep investigation about these fragments i think it could

definitely lead science to a better and more close point of view of many health disorders

in a way that could affect a huge population of man kind.

Medical Utility

There is no doubt that most of the science researchs are focused on medicine and more specific to treat diseases. I personally think that these 2 investigations are no exception because both of them could perfectly lead us to a more correct approach of what happens in the human body when we get ill. The first reasearch is very important cause of it acknoeledge of some proteins that normally shouldn`t be formed but for some reason they are; from here we can assume that ribosome feel when the body needs more proteins.The second finding lead us to a different approach of diseases that have not been tried; maybe just maybe by this way we could end with a very successfull result not only for science but also for medicine and more important patients.

MEDICAL UTILITY

MEDICAL UTILITY

Both research demonstrate the importance of translation and of the components that are involved in it.

it`s indeniable that proteins make our life simple and possible but they also

give us a “headache” when just one of them is missing; therefore these kind

of studies makes us to be a little closer to understand what really happens

when our body is compromised.

MEDICAL UTILITY

Translation of DNA happens everyday in our cells. Proteins, the product of this

process while they complete their function correctly our body will be great;

therefore the importance on knowing how to regulate it synthesis so doctors could lead effectively therapy to a wide

variety of diseases.

MEDICAL UTILITY

Translation is the last stage of the central biology dogma, but it`s the first step for a protein to become functional

wich mean that knowing how to act correctlyon translation could be a

potencial way for health prevention avoiding increasing the number of ill people wich already is a worldwide

problem.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2015, August 13). Alert to biologists:

Ribosomes can translate 'untranslated region' of messenger RNA. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 28, 2015 fromwww.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150813130024.htm

Thomas Jefferson University. (2015, July 6). tRNAs are segmented into fragments in a manner that depends on race, gender and population. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 28, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150706114221.htm

Martinez Sanchez, Lina Maria. Biologia molecular.8.ed.Medellin: UPB.Fac.Medicina.

Education

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