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4. THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
Chronology: 7000 B.C to 3500 B.C Appearance of Writing
Beginning of HISTORY
Location: It has its origin in the Middle East Fertile Crescent
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION: Important economic and social changes
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION (Economic and social changes)
Producers:
Agriculture-farming
Sedentary Technical innovation
s: ceramic , fabrics
Specialized tools:
Ploughs,etc
Division of labour
Buried their dead: necropolis
es
Bartering
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
Natural landscapeThere was a climate change increase temperatures-melting of
iceChanges in flora and fauna: tundra became forest
Increase in plant species: barley, wheat, millet, rice, maize, potatoes
FoodThey became producers:
discovered agriculture and farming( domesticated livestock: sheep,
goats…Obtained: meat, milk..)Appeared bartering ( they produced more than
they needed)
SocietyAn excess in any
production permitted people to
work in different activities: Division
of labour
ReligionThey had religion beliefs:
-Believed in spirits, worshipped their deads
-Buried their dead (necropolis under houses) with personal
possessions
Where did they live?
They became sedentary
Built permanent settlements: houses made
with clay
Barley
Maize
wheat millet
maize
SKILLS
•Developments:•- They added wooden handles•- New tools: ploughs, scythes, axes, sickles•- New materials: marble, granite•New techniques: stone polishing
Stonework
•They used to use: vegetable fibres: cotton, linen.•They wove them on looms.•They knew how to make shoes.Materials
•They made pots by hand and baked them in the fire or in ovens
•Pots were decorated with incisions.•They used watertight containers.
Pottery
Plough
Axe
Stone polishig
Mortar, axes, sickles
scythe
Ceramic pots
ARTCera
mic P
ots
• Painted and decorated with incisions.
Idols
• Funeral figures
• Materials: Stone Bones
• Characteristics Big round eyes adorned with triangles and lines
Rock paintings
• In the open air or in caves
• Characteristics: - Schematic Body and legs represented by a vertical line Head as circle
• - People represented
• - Hunting scenes, gathering, dancing
• Religious significance
NEOLITHIC IN SPAIN
Way of life: similar to the rest of the world
Chronology: It began around 5500 B.C ( later than in the Fertile Crescent)
Specific characteristics
Existence of cists: strong
burial cult
They made Cardial pots:
imprinted with shells
East
They dyed pots red
Andalucia
The most significant paintings
are in Levante
cist