Verbs in English

Verbos: Tiempos de conjugación y significadosDavid Hiram Verduzco, Enrique Meneses, Stephanie Santamaría

¿ QUÉ ES UN VERBO?

Clase de palabra con la que se expresan acciones, procesos, estados o existencia que afectan a las personas o las cosas; tiene variación de tiempo, aspecto, modo, voz, número y persona; y funciona como núcleo del predicado.

El verbo inglés es diferente al verbo español por dos razones principales:

Primero, lleva pocas inflexiones. Los verbos regulares e irregulares, con la excepción del verbo "to be", cambian solamente en la tercera persona singular (él, ella - he, she, it) en el tiempo presente. Este cambio se presenta en la terminación de una "s".

Segundo, se puede decir que el verbo inglés solamente posee dos tiempos: pasado y presente (anduve - I walked; ando - I walk). Para hablar del futuro hay que emplear aspectos compuestos del verbo o auxiliares (andaré - I will walk; I'm going to walk etc.), los cuáles se llaman los auxiliares modales (modal auxiliaries).

¿ EN QUE ES DIFERENTE ?

¿CUANTOS TIPOS DE VERBOS HAY?

Podemos clasificar los verbos en cuatro clases.

Verbos regulares. Son los que se conjugan siguiendo dos reglas: el Simple Past y el Past Participle tienen exactamente la misma terminación – ed

Ejemplo: dance - danced – danced

Verbos irregulares. Los verbos irregulares en inglés son aquellos cuyo pasado simple y participio pasado no siguen ninguna regla ; la palabra cambia en su totalidad .

Ejemplo: eat - ate – eaten

Verbos auxiliares. Sólo hay tres pero son muy importantes: to be, to do y to have. Se llaman así porque aparte de poder utilizarse como verbos principales se usan como auxiliares, es decir, acompañan a cualquier otro verbo, que será el verbo principal, para construir los tiempos verbales.

Ejemplo: you are eating

I have eaten

Do you speak English?

Verbos Modales. Son verbos auxiliares que no pueden funcionar como un verbo principal. Pueden expresar habilidad, posibilidad, necesidad u otra condición. Son verbos auxiliares del futuro y del condicional. Como verbos complementarios que son, no funcionan sin otro verbo. Este otro verbo siempre va después del verbo modal y está en la forma de base (el infinitivo sin "to"). No se conjugan los verbos modales y no tienen tiempo. Los verbos modales son: can, could, may, might, will, shall, should, ought to, must y would.

Ejemplo. I can speak five languages. I couldn't sleep last night May I leave now?

(http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/irregular-verbs.php)

CONJUGACION DE VERBOS EN INGLES

TIEMPOS SIMPLES. Compuestos por el sujeto y el verbo

TIEMPOS CONTINUOS. (presente, pasado y futuro). Estan compuestos por el verbo “estar” (to be) convenientemente conjugado

Y el verbo principal en “gerundio”

TIEMPOS PERFECTOS. están compuestos por el verbo “haber” (to have) convenientemente conjugado

Y el verbo principal en participio

Presente Simple:

En general, el presente simple expresa hechos o situaciones que existen, por lo general, habitualmente, sino que ahora existen, han existido en el pasado, y es probable que existan en el futuro.

Ejemplos: It snows in Alaska.I watch television everyday.I visit my cousin all the time.

Pasado Simple:

Actividad ocurrida en un momento dado en el pasado, esto ocurrió. Comenzó y terminó en el pasado.

Ejemplos: It snowed yesterday.I watched television last night.I visited my cousin last year.

Futuro Simple :

En un determinado momento en el futuro esta acción va a suceder.

Ejemplos: It will snow tomorrow.I will watch television tonight.I will visit my cousin later.

Tiempos Simples

PRESENTE SIMPLE

Sujeto + verbo

FORM Examples affirmative

Example negative Example interrogative

Infinitive

He/she/it + -s

I workHe WorksI goHe goes

I don’t workHe doesn’t workI don’t goHe doesn’t go

Do I work?Does he work?Do I go?Does go?

I go to the party.

He/she goes to the party

PRESENTE CONTINUO

Sujeto + to be + verbo –ing


Example negative

Example interrogative

To be (am/are/is)+Infinitive + ing

(I’m) I am working (He’s) He is workingI am goingHe is going

I’m not workingHe isn’t workingI’m not goingHe isn’t going

Am I working?Is he working?Am i going?Is he going?

He is going to the party

She is always shouting

USO: Acción que se esta desarrollando en este momento /Acción habitual que se repite frecuentemente

TIEMPOS DE CONJUGACIÓN

PRESENTEPERFECTO

Sujeto + have/has +

p.p v


Example negative


Have/has + past participle*

*(infinitive + -ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)

I have worked

He has worked

I have gone

He has gone

I haven’t worked

He hasn’t worked

I haven’t gone

He hasn’t gone

Have I worked?

Has he worked?

Have I gone?

Has he gone?

He has cleaned the window

I have bought a car

PRESENTEPERFECTOCONTINUO

Sujeto + have/has +

been + verbo -ing



Have/has + been+ infinitive + ing

I have been working

He has been working

I have been going

He has been going

I haven’t been working

He hasn’t been working

I haven’t been going

He hasn’t been going

Have I been working?

Has he been working?

Have I been going?

Has he been going?

I have been studying

I have been waiting for you

USO: describe acciones que acaban de suceder en el pasado y que guardan alguna relación con el presente.Describe acciones que empezaron en el pasado y que aun no han finalizado

USO: se refiere acciones que se iniciaron en el pasado y que en el momento prsente se siguen desarrollando / acciones que se iniciaron en el pasado y que acaban de finalizar.

PASADO SIMPLE

Sujeto + verbo en pasado


Example negative


Regular:Infinitive + -ed

Irregular:2nd column of table of irregular verbs

I worked

He worked

I went

He went

I didn’t work

He didn’t work

I didn’t go

He didn’t go

Did I work?

Did he work?

Did I go?

Did he go?

I studied English

USO: se refiere a una acción que se desarrollo en el pasado.

PASADO CONTINUO

Sujeto + to be pasado + verbo -ing


Example negative


Was / were + infinitive + ing

I was working

He was working

I was going

He was going

I wasn’t working

He wasn’t working

I wasn’t going

He wasn’t going

Was I working

Was he working

Was I going

Was he going

Last Monday he was travelling

USO:describe acciones que se estaban desarrollando en el momento del pasado al que nos estamos refiriendo y que continuaron después de ese momento.

PASADO PERFECTO

Sujeto + had + participio del verbo


Example negative


Had + past participe*

*(infinitive + -ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)

I had worked

He had worked

I had gone

He had gone

I hadn’t worked

He hadn’t worked

I hadn’t gone

He hadn’t gone

Had I worked?

Had he worked?

Had I gone?

had he gone?

She had waited for you

USO: es el pasado del presente perfecto.

FUTURE – WILL

Sujeto + will + infinitivo del

verbo


Example negative


Will + infinitive

I’ll work

He’ll work

I’ll go

He’ll go

I won’t work

He won’t work

I won’t go

He won’t go

Will i work?

Will he work?

Will I go?

Will he go?

I think it will snow

USO: Se utiliza para hablar de un futuro no planificado o inciertoTambién para hacer predicciones

FUTURE – GOING TO

Sujeto + be going to +

verbo



Be (am/are/is) + going to + infinitive

I’m going to work

He’s going to work

I’m going to go

He’s going to go

I’m not going to work

He’s not going to work

I’m not going to go

He’s not going to go

Am I going to work

Is he going to work

Am I going to go

Is he going to go

Are you going to take the car tonight?

USO: Accion relativa a una intensión o una decisión que se había tomado con anterioridad, se utiliza para expresar planes,citas, etc.

FUTURE CONTINUOS

Sujeto + will + be+ verbo -ing



Will + be infinitive + ing

I’ll be working

He’ll be working

I’ll be going

He’ll be going

I won’t be working

He won’t be working

I won’t be going

He won’t be going

will I be working

will he be working

Will I be going

Will he be going

She will be visiting her mother

USO: se utiliza el “future continuos” para describir una acción que va a tener lugar en el futuro y que en el momento del tiempo al que nos referimos aun seguirá desarrollándose. Este momento del futuro puede mencionarse o no en la oración.

FUTURO PERFECTO

Sujeto + will + have + pp

verbo



Will + have + past participe*

*(infinitive + -ed)

or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)

I’ll have worked

He’ll have worked

I’ll have gone

He’ll have gone

I won’t have worked

He won’t have worked

I won’t have gone

He won’t have gone

will I have worked?

will he have worked?

Will I have gone?

Will he have gone?

Before summer you will have sold your house

USO: describir acciones que están ya desarrollando o que se van a desarrollar en el futuro, pero que, en cualquier caso, cuando llegue ese momento futuro al nos estamos refiriendo la acción ya habrá finalizado. Esta forma suele utilizar con una expresión temporal.

CONDICIONAL SIMPLE

If+ sujeto+ verbo pasado

sujeto + would + infinitivo



Would + infinitive

I would work

He would work

I would go

He would go

I wouldn’t work

He wouldn’t work

I wouldn’t go

He wouldn’t go

would I work?

would he work?

would I go?

would he go?

if I worked, I would pass the exam

USO: Que podría suceder.Clausula tipo II de “if”

CONDICIONAL CONTINUO


Example negative


Would + be + infinitive + ing

I would be working

He would be working

I would be going

He would be going

I wouldn’t be workingHe wouldn’t be workingI wouldn’t be going

He wouldn’t be going

would I be working?

would he be working?

would I be going?

would he be going?USO: Que podría suceder.Longitud de tiempo en una acción

if I had worked, I would have passed the exam

CONDICIONAL PERFECTO

If + sujeto + past perfect

+Sujeto +

would have + pp


Example negative


Woluld + have + past participe*

*(infinitive + -ed)

or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)

I would have worked

He would have worked

I would have gone

He would have gone

I wouldn’t have worked

He wouldn’t have worked

I wouldn’t have gone

He wouldn’t have gone

would I have worked?

would he have worked?

would I have gone?

would he have gone?

USO: Que podría haber sucedido en el pasadolClausula tipo III de “if”

PASSIVE

Formas del verbo

VERB TENSE STRUCTURE EXAMPLE

PRESENT SIMPLE Am/are/is + pp Spanish is poken here

PRESENT CONTINUOS

Am/are/is being + pp Your questions are being answered

FUTURE (will) Will be + pp It’llbe painted bu next week

FUTURE (going to) Am/are/is going tobe + pp

This house going to be built by my father

PAST SIMPLE Was/were being + pp We were invited to the party

PAST CONTINUOS Was/were + pp The hotel room was being cleaned, when…

PRESENT PERFECT Have/has been + pp The President has been shot

PAST PERFECT Had been + pp His money had been stolen when…

Ejemplos:

arise arose arisen surgir, originarse

awake awoke awoken despertar(se)

bear bore borne soportar

beat beat beaten golpear

become became become convertirse en

begin began begun empezar

bend bent bent doblar(se)

bet bet bet apostar

bid bid bid pujar (en apuestas)

bind bound bound encuadernar

bite bit bitten morder

bleed bled bled sangrar

blow blew blown soplar

break broke broken romper

breed bred bred criar

bring brought brought traer

build built built construir

burn burnt burnt quemar(se)

burst burst burst estallar

buy bought bought comprar

cast cast cast tirar

catch caught caught atrapar

choose chose chosen elegir

cling clung clung aferrarse

come came come venir

cost cost cost costar

creep crept crept arrastrar

cut cut cut cortar

deal dealt dealt tratar

dig dug dug cavar

do did done hacerdraw drew drawn dibujardream dreamt dreamt soñardrink drank drunk beberdrive drove driven conducireat ate eaten comerfall fell fallen caer(se)feed fed fed alimentarfeel felt felt sentirsefight fought fought pelearsefind found found encontrarflee fled fled huirfly flew flown volarforbid forbade forbidden prohibirforget forgot forgotten olvidar(se)forgive forgave forgiven perdonarfreeze froze frozen congelar(se)get got got conseguirgive gave given dargo went gone irse

ESTRATEGIAS DE APRENDIZAJE Y ACTIVIDAD

Education

Verbs in English