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What is e-bola virus?Ebola virus disease (formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever) is a severe, often fatal illness, with a death rate of up to 90 percent.

It is a rare but deadly virus that causes bleeding inside and outside the body.

The virus spreads through the body, it damages the immune system and organs.

It causes levels of blood-clotting cells to drop, resulting to severe, uncontrollable bleeding.

STRUCTURE.

Species of Ebola virus.Ebola virus comprises 5 distinct species:Bundibugyo Ebola virus (BDBV)Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV)Reston Ebola virus (RESTV)Sudan Ebola virus (SUDV)Ta Forest Ebola virus (TAFV). BDBV, EBOV, and SUDV have been associated with large EVD outbreaks in Africa, whereas RESTV and TAFV have not.

The RESTV species, found in Philippines and the Peoples Republic of China, can infect humans, but no illness or death in humans from this species has been reported to date.

Transmission.With the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals.

Handling of infected chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines found ill or dead or in the rainforest.

Direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, or other bodily fluids or secretions (stool, urine, saliva, semen) of infected people.

Ebola patients infectious fluids such as soiled clothing, bed linen, or used needles.

Health workers.

Burial ceremonies.

How does it spread.

Ebola Outbreak.The 2014 Ebola outbreak is the largest outbreak in history and first time in West Africa.

The current outbreak is affecting 4 countries in West Africa: Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone.

WHO till 6th September and the Centers for Disease Control reported a total of 4293 suspected cases and 2296 deaths.

The affected countries have encountered difficulties in their attempt to control the Ebola epidemic.

Another outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which has 59 possible cases and confirmed cases and 32 deaths as of 6th September.

History of Ebola.Ebola virus was first isolated in 1976 during outbreaks of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo andSouthern Sudan.

The name of the disease originates from the first recorded outbreak in 1976 inYambuku, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which lies on theEbola River.

Since, 1994 Ebola outbreaks from the EBOV and TAFV species have been observed in chimpanzees and gorillas.

The species was introduced in 1998 asZaire Ebola virus.In 2002, the name was changed toZaire Ebola virus.

Symptoms of Ebola.

High feverHeadache Joint and muscle achesSore throatStomach painLack of appetiteDiarrhoeaVomiting

Internal and external bleeding.WeaknessLow white blood cellsLow platelets counts.RashesPoor liver functionImpaired kidney.

Development of Ebola.

Precautions for Ebola.Wash hands frequently.Avoid contact with blood and body fluids of any person, particularly someone who is sick.Do not handle items that may have come in contact with an infected persons blood or body fluids.Do not touch the body of someone who has died from Ebola.Do not touch bats and nonhuman primates or their blood and fluids and do not touch or eat raw meat prepared from these animals.Avoid hospitals where Ebola patients are being treated. Seek medical care immediately if you develop fever (temperature of 101.5oF/ 38.6oC) Ebola affected communities should be informed about the nature of the disease and about outbreak containment measures including burial of the dead.

Probability to spread in India & USA.India : There is no reported case of the virus in the country and the government is taking all precautions.

The minister said that there are close to 45,000 Indians in affected countries and if the situation worsened in these countries, there could be possibility of Indians staying there travelling back to India.

USA : The CDC says theres no significant risk of Ebola in the United States. It has strong safety measures in place for people who have Ebola and are brought to the U.S. for treatment.

Is India prepared for Ebola?An emergency 24 hour helpline has been setup.

Strong alerts have been issued at airports and ports.

The most advanced surveillance and tracking systems for the virus has been put into action.

Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital in Delhi has been declared as the health care center for the treatment and management of EVD cases.

Indian missions have contacted resident Indians in the affected countries and they were supplied all instructive material so that they can take preventive measures.

Vaccine Research.

No licensed vaccine for EVD is available. Several vaccines are being tested but none are available for clinical use.

Researchers have found that the experimental Ebola drug Zmapp can help monkeys survive the deadly infection.

SUMMARY.

Thanking You.

Presentation on Ebola Virus Disease

Presented by-

Payal Sinha