ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTILA

INTRODUCTION:

• Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebasis

• The parasite is the 3rd loading parasitic causes of death

in the developing country

HABITAT:

• The trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica inhabitat

mucosa and submucosa of the large intestine

MORPHOLOGYThe parasite occur in 3 stages namely

• Trophozoites

• Preeyst

• Cyst

LIFE CYCLE

• The life cycle of entamoeba histolytia is simple in and is

completed in the single host the man

• Man acquires infection by ingestion of water and food

contaminated with cyst

• The cyst enter into the small intestine

• Here the cyst wall is lysed by trypsin.

• This result in ex-cystation

• During excystation the trophozoites [4 in number]

• The trophozoites emger from the cyst undergo cyloplasmic

and nuclear division

• This division leads to formation 8 trophozoites

• This trophozoites carried to large intestine was they grow

and multiply by binary fission. After colonization.

• Some trophozoites produced no or little lesion.

• The only feed on mucus secretion on the surface of the mucosa.

• Some trophozoites may invert the tissue of large intestine.

PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY• Pathogenesis of endamebas is due to following factors.

• Adhesion of trophozoites on the surface of large

intestine.

• Invasation of large intestine by amoeba

• Resistance of amoeba to various effectors mechanism of

the host

PATHOLOGY OF INTESTINAL AMOEBIASIS

Amoebic ulcers:

• It is the characteristic pathological lesions in the intestinal

amoebiasis

• Its flask shape and may be localized or generalized

Acute Intestinal Amoebiasis:

• In acute intestinal amoebiasis the lesion is occur in the

mucosal layer.

• This lesion may contain narrow neck and broad base (flask

shape)

• The board base is filled with necrotic debris

• This lesion may be healed completely without leaving any

scar

CHRONIC INTESTINAL AMOEBIASIS:

• In this case the ulcers may be to the distribution mucosal and

submucosal layer.

• This ulcer are healed with thickening of the intestinal

granuloma

PATHOLOGY OF EXTRA INTESTINAL AMOEBIASIS:

Amoebic Liver Abscess:

• The abcess occur in any part of the liver.

• The cavity of the abcess contain reddish brown fluid and spread

of connection tissue

• The liver abcess the pus is thick and chocolate brown in color is

called anchonvy chocolate pus

PULMONARY AMOEBIASIS:

• The lungs abscess may be single or multiple are found in the

lower lobes of the right lungs.

• Expectoration of reddish brown sputum is the characteristic

feature of the condition

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS:Lab diagnosis is include,

• Parasitic diagnosis

• Sero diagnosis

• Biochemical diagnosis

• Radio imaging diagnosis

PARASITIC DIAGNOSIS:• It includes stool examination

• The stool is examined by microscopic observation and culture.

OBSERVATION

Sero Diagnosis:

• Sero diagnosis by indirect heamaglutination [IHA], indirect fluorescent agglutination [IFA], [ELISA]

BIOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS• It’s based on biochemical and haematological

changes that occur in liver.

Radio imaging Diagnosis

• It’s by ultrasound CT, Scan

Treatment:-

• Eradication of amoeba by use amoebic site like Teniadzole

PREVENTION