PROTEIN SYNTHESIS:

PROCESS AND REGULATION.

BY: NATALIA ZAPATA LÓPEZ MEDICINE STUDENT III SEMESTER

INTRODUCTION

RNA is a polymeric molecule formed by a sugar (ribose) , a phosphate group and nitrogenous bases

Works for coding, decoding, regulati

on, and Expression of genes. Trou

gh the synthesis of proteins in the cells

because of its big importance, RNA has been a main priority of the scientist nowadays, specially because of the possible use that can

have in the medical practice.

RNA: THE UNKNOTTED STRAND OF LIFE .

For years the structure of

the macromolecules of the cell has been a target of scientist studies .

.

This time the principal

target was the shape and

configuration of the single

strand of RNA

.For this they went to the Protein Data

Bank, a public

database that allows

scientists to search

information about the different proteins

that opposite of what was believed, the single stand of the RNA doesn't have knots on its

structure but has a tendency to take

geometric configurations .

They found

computer-generated RNA structure tied in a trefoil knot

This was checked in almost all the protein structures that were analyzed just with 3 exceptions.

They argument this could happens because of the method used to analyze this last 3 proteins.

that was different to the method used on the other 6000 proteins on which ones this study is based.

The reason

this facilitates the synthesis of proteins and achieve a

faithful reproduction of the genomic information

OPINIONWith this new information the science can take

advantage of the simple shape of the RNA strand, making it an easy molecular target to change

genomic information and also changing its own translation in specific proteins, making with it

effective treatments for illness based in damages in the protein synthesis.

Also can be useful to understand better the molecular structure and the different process of

the cell.•  

IN A ROLE REVERSAL, RNAS PROOFREAD THEMSELVES The synthesis of proteins needs a special control to prevent the cell of making

bad translation, and therefore creating a mutation that can affect the cell or even worst

the organism.  

•  For this process the cell has special enzymes, capable of detect the

mistakes in the encode and create a reaction to destroy or fix the damage.

the enzyme that helps in this process is the CCA-adding enzyme

CCA-adding enzyme

capable of duplicate de

mistake for making it more visible for

the regulation mechanism

also they revealed that the enzyme cant distinguish between the difference of a normal or a mutant gene  

The recognition process of the good

from yhe ad translations is done by

the strand of RNA, which apparently has

its own system of regulation.

the RNA finds the mistake and make the cell know that there is the problem, then the enzyme arrives and duplicates the mistake adding the nucleotide CCA

the RNA finds the mistake and make the cell know that there is the problem, then the enzyme arrives and

duplicates the mistake adding the nucleotide

CCA

OPNION •  • The auto regulation system allow the science and the scientist to

understand more the process of mutations, its regulation and the proliferation of bad information that can generate a pathology. With more

knowledge about this topics they can find more answers for different unanswered questions that can helps to deal with different illness or

mortal diseases that have their origin in the bad translation of proteins associated to changes in the genomic material, and also replicates this model to use it in new technologies in favor of the human well been

MEDICAL IMPORTANCE. 

The RNA and all it cell cycle needs to be completely studies for the science, specially for the medicine and all the botanic careers , because thank to it is that how we can understand different processes that have relation with the cell, the

synthesis of proteins and de well function of the organism,

If we can detect how everything normally Works it would be easier to understand the problems that are interrupting this process, how is been interrupted and a possible solution to this issue. 

 Thanks to this, the medicine can now redirect the focus and look for new alternatives to cure or treat different disease that have their main problem in the translation or the synthesis of the proteins that act directly or indirectly on the different systems

They also can start to replicate a mechanic or robotic structure that can do the same process with the same technique and precision and

with this try to replicate the cell model and start to use it for investigation or other applications.

BIBLIOGRAFY

• Martínez Sánchez Lina maría, biología molecular 2 Ed Medellín upb facultad de medicina 2006 • Www.sciencedaily.com• Claus-D. Kuhn, Jeremy E. Wilusz, Yuxuan Zheng, Peter A. Beal, Leemor

Joshua-Tor. On-Enzyme Refolding Permits Small RNA and tRNA Surveillance by the CCA-Adding Enzyme. Cell, • Cristian Micheletti, Marco Di Stefano, and Henri Orland. Absence of

knots in known RNA structures. PNAS, February 2, 2015