View
235
Download
4
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Glossary
��Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
Advanced Real English 1
IntRoductIon
April /'CBUpLo/ abril
August /'GZLgW/ agosto
big /VBZ/ gran, grande
black /VoDY/ negro/a
blue /VoI/ azul
brother /'VpJfL/ irmán
brown /VpPm/ marrón; castaño/a
child /WiOoX/ neno/a; fillo/a
children /'WiBoXpLm/ nenos/as; fillos/as
curly /'YKoi/ rizo/a; crecho/a
dad /XDX/ papá, pai
dark /XEY/ escuro/a; moreno/a
day /XM/ día
December /XB'gClVL/ decembro
diary /'XOLpi/ diario; axenda
eight /CBW/ oito
eighteen /CB'WAm/ dezaoito
eighteenth /CB'WAme/ décimo/a oitavo/a
eighth /CBWe/ oitavo/a
eightieth /'CBWiLe/ octoxésimo /a
eighty /'CBWi/ oitenta
eleven /B'oCdm/ once
eleventh /B'oCdme/ décimo/a primeiro/a
eye /O/ ollo
eyebrow /'OVpP/ cella
fair /cCL/ claro/a; loiro/a
fat /cæW/ gordo/a, groso/a
father /'cEfL/ pai
February /'cCVpILpi/ febreiro
feet /cAW/ pés
fifteen /cBc'WAm/ quince
fifteenth /cBc'WAme/ décimo/a quinto/a
fifth /cBce/ quinto/a
fiftieth /'cBcWiLe/ quincuaxésimo/a
fifty /'cBcWi/ cincuenta
first /cKgW/ primeiro/a
five /cOd/ cinco
foot /cHW/ pé
fortieth /'cGWiLe/ cuadraxésimo/a
forty /'cGWi/ corenta
four /cG/ catro
fourteen /cG'WAm/ catorce
fourteenth /cG'WAme/ décimo/a cuarto/a
fourth /cGe/ cuarto/a
Friday /'cpOXM/ venres , sexta feira
good-looking /ZHX'oHYBn/ atractivo/a, atraente
grandparent /'ZpDmUSpLmW/ avó/oa
green /ZpAm/ verde
grey /ZpCB/ gris
hair /kCL/ pelo, cabelo
hairy /'kCLpi/ peludo/a, cabeludo/a
horn /kGm/ corno
hundred /'kJmXpLX/ cen; cento
hundredth /'kJmXpLXe/ centésimo/a
January /'bDmqHLpi/ xaneiro
July /bI'oO/ xullo
June /XjIm/ xuño
long /oFn/ longo/a
March /lEa/ marzo
marker /'lEYL/ rotulador
May /lM/ maio
Monday /'lJmXM/ luns, segunda feira
month /lJme/ mes
mother /'lJfL/ nai, mai
mouth /lPe/ boca
mum /lJl/ mamá, nai, mai
narrow /'mDpN/ estreito/a
nine /mOm/ nove
nineteen /mOm'WAm/ dezanove
nineteenth /mOm'WAme/ décimo/a noveno/a
ninetieth /'mOmWiLe/ nonaxésimo/a
ninety /'mOmWi/ noventa
ninth /mOme/ noveno/a
nose /mNh/ nariz
November /mLH'dClVL/ novembro
October /FY'WNVL/ outubro
old /NoX/ vello/a
one /rJm/ un/unha
one hundred /rJm 'kJmXpLX/ cen
orange /'FpBmb/ laranxa
parents /'UCLpLmWg/ pais
pen /UCm/ bolígrafo
pencil /'UCmgo/ lapis
pencil case /'UCmgo YMg/ estoxo
pencil sharpener /'UCmgo iEUmL/ afialapis, aguzalapis
pink /UBnY/ rosa
��Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
Glossarypurple /'UKUo/ morado/a
red /pCX/ vermello/a
rubber /'pJVL/ goma, borrador
ruler /'pIoL/ regra
Saturday /'gDWLXM/ sábado
schoolbag /'gYIoVDZ/ mochila
second /'gCYLmX/ segundo/a
September /gCU'WClVL/ setembro
seven /'gCdm/ sete
seventeen /gCdm'WAm/ dezasete
seventeenth /gCdm'WAme/ décimo/a sétimo/a
seventh /'gCdme/ sétimo/a
seventieth /'gCdmWiLe/ septuaxésimo/a
seventy /'gCdmWi/ setenta
short /iGW/ curto/a; baixo/a
sister /'gBgWL/ irmá
six /gBYg/ seis
sixteen /gBYg'WAm/ dezaseis
sixteenth /gBYg'WAme/ décimo/a sexto/a
sixth /gBYge/ sexto/a
sixtieth /'gBYgWiLe/ sesaxésimo/a
sixty /'gBYgWi/ sesenta
small /glGo/ pequeno/a
straight /gWpMW/ liso/a
Sunday /'gJmXM/ domingo
tail /WMo/ cola
tall /WGo/ alto/a
ten /WCm/ dez
tenth /WCme/ décimo/a
thick /eBY/ groso/a; poboado/a; mesto/a
thin /eBm/ delgado/a, fraco/a
third /eKX/ terceiro/a
thirteen /eK'WAm/ trece
thirteenth /eK'WAme/ décimo/a terceiro/a
thirtieth /'eKWiLe/ trixésimo/a
thirty /'eKWi/ trinta
three /epA/ tres
Thursday /'eKhXM/ xoves, quinta feira
Tuesday /'WqIhXM/ martes, terza feira
twelfth /WrCoce/ décimo/a segundo/a
twelve /WrCod/ doce
twentieth /'WrCmWiLe/ vixésimo/a
twenty /'WrCmWi/ vinte
two /WI/ dous/dúas
ugly /'JZoi/ feo/a
Wednesday /'rCmhXM/ mércores, cuarta / corta feira
white /rOW/ branco/a
wide /rOX/ ancho/a, amplo/a
wing /rBn/ á, ala
year /qR/ ano
yellow /'qCoN/ amarelo/a
young /qJn/ novo/a, mozo/a, xove
unIt 1
apple /'DUo/ mazá
banana /VL'mEmL/ banana
be careful /'VA YCLco/ ter conta / coidado
bean /VAm/ feixó
bowl /VLHo/ cunca
bread /VpCX/ pan
brown rice /VpPm 'pOg/ arroz integral
bus station /'VJg gWMim/ estación de autobuses
butter /'VJWL/ manteiga
cake /YMY/ torta, pastel
cheese /aAh/ queixo
chicken /'aBYBm/ polo
Chile /'iBoi/ Chile
Chilean /'aBoiLm/ chileno/a
chip /aBU/ pataca frita
coffee /'YFci/ café
cooker /'YHYL/ cociña (fogóns e forno)
corn /YGm/ millo
country /'YJmWpi/ país
cup /YJU/ taza
dangerous /'XMmbLpLg/ perigoso/a
décor /'XMYG/ decoración
eat /AW/ comer
egg /CZ/ ovo
English /'BnZoBi / inglés/esa; inglés (idioma)
fair /cCL/ feira
fast food /cEgW 'cIX/ comida rápida
fish /cBi/ peixe
food /cIX/ comida, alimento
food colouring /'cIX YJoLpBn/ colorante
fork /cGY/ garfo
France /cpEmg/ Francia
French /cpCma/ francés/esa; francés (idioma)
fruit /cpIW/ froita
German /'bKlLm/ alemán/alemá; alemán (idioma)
Germany /'bKlLmi/ Alemaña
glass /ZoEg/ vaso
ice cream /Og 'YpAl/ xeado
Ireland /'OLoLmX/ Irlanda
�� ��Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
GlossaryIrish /'OpBi/ irlandés/esa; irlandés (idioma)
Japan /bL'UDm/ Xapón
Japanese /XjDULm'Ah/ xaponés/esa; xaponés (idioma)
kitchen /'YBWiBm/ cociña
knife /mOc/ coitelo
lemon /'oClLm/ limón
look for /'oHY cG/ procurar, buscar
look out /oHY 'PW/ ter conta / coidado
manufacturer /lDmqH'cDYWiLpL/ fabricante
market /'lEYBW/ mercado
meal /lAo/ comida
meat /lAW/ carne
meatball /'lAWVGo/ albóndega
milk /lBoY/ leite
Morocco /lL'pFYLH/ Marrocos
octopus /'FYWLULg/ polbo
onion /'JmqLm/ cebola
outdoors /PW'XGh/ fóra
pancake /'UDmYMY/ torta pequena, pancake
pay attention /UM L'WCmim/ prestar atención, reparar, fixarse
Peru /UL'pI/ Perú
Peruvian /UL'pIdiLm/ peruano/a
plate /UoMW/ prato
rice /pOg/ arroz
salad /'gDoLX/ ensalada
sausage /'gFgBb/ salchicha
scientist /'gOLmWBgW/ científico/a
soup /gIU/ sopa
spaghetti /gUL'ZCWi/ espaguete/s
Spanish /'gUDmBi/ español/a; español (idioma)
spoon /gUIm/ culler
steak /gWMY/ filete, bisté
strawberry /'gWpGVLpi/ amorodo
sugar /'iHZL/ azucre
Sweden /'grAXm/ Suecia
Swedish /'grAXBi/ sueco/a; sueco (idioma)
take care not to /WMY 'YS mFW WL/ ter coidado / conta de non; procurar non
taste (n) /WMgW/ gusto, sabor
taste (v) /WMgW/ comer, probar; degustar, catar
tea /WA/ té
Thai /WO/ tailandés/esa; tailandés (idioma)
Thailand /'WOoDmX/ Tailandia
tomato sauce /WLlEWN 'gGg/ prebe / mollo de tomate
type /WOU/ tipo, clase
vegetables /'dCbWLVoh/ verdura/s
vegetarian /dCbL'WCLpRm/ vexetariano/a
watch out /rFa 'PW/ ter coidado / conta
unIt 2
afraid /L'cpCBX/ asustado/a, amedrentado/a (be ~ of: ter medo de)
allow /L'oP/ permitir, deixar
at home /LW 'kNl/ na casa
bird /VKX/ paxaro
bring /VpBn/ levarse, traer
building /'VBoXBn/ edificio
cage /YMb/ xaula, gaiola
character /'YæpLYWL/ personaxe
chimpanzee /aBlUDm'hA/ chimpancé
clean your room /YoAm qG 'pIl/ limpar o teu cuarto
corner /'YGmL/ recanto, esquina
cow /YP/ vaca
disease /XB'hAh/ enfermidade, doenza
do homework /XI 'kNlrKY/ facer os deberes
do sport /XI 'gUGW/ practicar deporte
each /Aa/ cada
eagle /'AZo/ aguia
elephant /'CoBcLmW/ elefante
evil /'Ado/ malo/a, mao/má
exercise /'CYgLgOh/ exercicio
feed /cAX/ alimentar, dar de comer a
feed the dog /cAX fL 'XFZ/ dar de comer ao can
for fun /cL 'cJm/ para se divertir
fox /cFYg/ raposo, golpe
frighten /'cpOWm/ asustar, amedrentar
frog /cpFZ/ ra
fun /cJm/ divertimento, diversión
germ /bKl/ xerme, xermolo
get up /ZCW 'JU/ erguerse
giraffe /bL'pEc/ xirafa
go home /ZLH 'kNl/ marchar á casa
go to bed /ZLH WL 'VCX/ deitarse, ir(se) á cama
go to school /ZLH WL 'gYIo/ ir ao colexio / á escola
gorilla /ZL'pBoL/ gorila
guest /ZCgW/ cliente/a
hamster /'kDlgWL/ hámster
have a shower /kDd L 'iPL/ ducharse
have breakfast /kDd 'VpCYcLgW/ almorzar
have fun /kLd 'cJm/ pasalo ben, divertirse
home /kNl/ casa, fogar, lar
house /kPg/ casa
horse /kGg/ cabalo
howl /kPo/ ouvear
hunt /kJmW/ cazar
hunter /'kJmWL/ cazador/a
��Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
Glossaryit was fun /BW rLh 'cJm/ foi divertido/a
it was funny /BW rLh 'cJmi/ foi / era gracioso/a
just for fun /bJgW cL 'cJm/ só para se divertir
kill /YBo/ matar
leave /oAd/ saír de
life /oOc/ vida
live /oBd/ vivir
lion /'oOLm/ león
Little Red Riding Hood /oBWo pCX 'pOXBn kHX/ Carapuchiña Vermella
long hours /oFn 'PLh/ até tarde
meet friends /lAW 'cpCmXh/ quedar con amigos/as
mice /lOg/ ratos
mobile phone /lNVOo 'cNm/ teléfono móbil
monkey /'lJnYi/ mono/a
mosquito /lL'gYAWLH/ mosquito
mouse /lPg/ rato
need /mAX/ ter que, precisar, cumprir
no problem /mN 'UpFVoLl/ sen / non hai problema
pet (n) /UCW/ mascota, animal de compañía
pet (v) /UCW/ agarimar
pig /UBZ/ porco, cocho
problem /'UpFVoLl/ problema
rabbit /'pDVBW/ coello, coenllo
rabies /'pMVAh/ carraxe, rabia
run after /pJm 'EcWL/ perseguir
shark /iEY/ tiburón, quenlla
sheep /iAU/ ovella/s
shoe /iI/ zapato
snake /gmMY/ serpe
solve a problem /gFod L 'UpFVoLl/ solucionar un problema
sticker /'gWBYL/ adhesivo
take care of /WMY 'YCL Ld/ coidar / ter conta de
take off /WMY 'Fc/ quitarse, sacarse
tiger /'WOZL/ tigre
timetable /'WOlWMVo/ horario
walk the dog /rGY fL 'XFZ/ pasear no can
watch TV /rFa WA 'dA/ mirar a televisión
water /'rGWL/ auga
werewolf /'rSrHoc/ lobishome
werewolves /'rSrHodh/ lobishomes
wheel /rAo/ roda
wild /rOoX/ salvaxe
wolf /rHoc/ lobo
wolves /rHodh/ lobos
unIt 3
above /L'VJd/ enriba de, sobre
allergy /'DoLXji/ alerxia
at the corner of /LW fL 'YGmL Ld/ no recanto de
bakery /'VMYLpi/ panadaría
bank /VDnY/ banco
be careful /'VA YCLco/ ter coidado / conta
behind /VB'kOmX/ detrás de
best /VCgW/ mellor
between /VB'WrAm/ entre (dúas cousas)
burp (n) /VKU/ arroto, eructo
burp (v) /VKU/ arrotar, eructar
butcher’s /'VHaLh/ carnizaría
can /Yæm/ lata, bote
church /WiKa/ igrexa
cinema /'gBmLlL/ cinema
climb /YoOl/ escalar
climb down /YoOl 'XPm/ baixar, descender
climb up /YoOl 'JU/ agatuñar, rubir, subir a
come out of /YJl 'PW Ld/ saír de
disgusting /XBg'ZJgWBn/ noxento/a, repugnante
during the week /'XqHLpBn fL rAY/ durante, ao longo da semana
event /B'dCmW/ acontecemento
exhibit /BZ'hBVBW/ obxecto exposto; exposición
exhibition /CYgB'VBim/ exposición
fizzy drink /'cBhi XpBnY/ bebida gasosa, refresco
for the week /cL fL 'rAY/ para / ao longo de toda a semana
forget /cL'ZCW/ esquecer
forget about /cLZCW L'VPW/ esquecerse de
forget to /cL'ZCW WL/ esquecerse de
GI /bA'O/ gastrointestinal
gift /ZBcW/ agasallo, galano, regalo
Go straight. /ZLH 'gWpMW/ Seguir dereito / recto.
go through /ZLH 'epI/ atravesar
guess /ZCg/ adiviñar (~ what?: sabes que?)
guest /ZCgW/ convidado/a
guide /ZOX/ guia
have a look at /kDd L 'oHY DW/ botar unha ollada a
have fun /kLd 'cJm/ pasalo ben, divertirse
hospital /'kFgUBWo/ hospital
in /Bm/ en, dentro de
in a week /Bm L 'rAY/ nunha semana
in front of /Bm 'cpJmW Ld/ diante de
intestine /Bm'WCgWBm/ intestino
library /'oOVpLpi/ biblioteca
learn /oKm/ aprender, deprender
��
Glossary
��Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
look for /'oHY cG/ buscar, procurar
match /læWi/ asociar, relacionar, vencellar
model /'lFXo/ maqueta, modelo
museum /lqI'hALl/ museo
next to /'mCYgW WL/ preto de, próximo/a a
on /Fm/ sobre, en
opposite /'FULhBW/ en fronte de
pass /UEg/ pasar
post office /'UNgW FcBg/ oficina de correos
restaurant /'pCgWpFmW/ restaurante
right /pOW/ correcto/a (be ~: ter / levar razón)
right now /pOW 'mP/ agora mesmo, arestora
shopping centre /'iFUBn gCmWL/ centro comercial
skin /gYBm/ pel
slide /goOX/ tobogán
smell (n) /glCo/ olor, cheiro
smell (v) /glCo/ ulir, cheirar
sneeze (n) /gmAh/ espirro
sneeze (v) /gmAh/ espirrar
sports centre /'gUGWg gCmWL/ polideportivo
spot /gUFW/ lunar; mancha
stadium /'gWCBXiLl/ estadio
stink /gWBnY/ feder, alcatrear, apestar
supermarket /'gIULlEYBW/ supermercado
swimming pool /'grBlBn UIo/ piscina
teach /WAa/ ensinar
ticket /'WBYBW/ entrada
topic /'WFUBY/ tema
town /WPm/ cidade
truth /WpIe/ verdade
Turn left. /WKm 'oCcW/ Torcer / Virar á esquerda.
Turn right. /WKm 'pOW/ Torcer / Virar á dereita.
under /'JmXL/ debaixo de
wait /rMW/ agardar, esperar
wait for /'rMW cL/ agardar, esperar
wait till /'rMW WBo/ agardar, esperar (até)
wall /rGo/ parede, muro
way /rM/ maneira, xeito, forma
unIt 4
athlete /'DeoAW/ deportista; atleta
attack /L'WDY/ atacar
basketball /'VEgYBWVGo/ baloncesto
bowling /'VLHoBn/ bolos
bowling alley /'VLHoBn Doi/ boleira
brake /VpMY/ freo
catch /YDa/ coller, atrapar
climb /YoOl/ escalar
competition /YFlUL'WBim/ competición
cycling /'gOYoBn/ ciclismo
dance /XEmg/ bailar
daydream (n) /'XMXpAl/ soño, ilusión
daydream (v) /'XMXpAl/ soñar esperto/a, fantasiar
dream (n) /XpAl/ soño
dream (v) /XpAl/ soñar
dream about /XpAl L'VPW/ soñar con
dream of /XpAl 'Ld/ soñar con
dreamer /'XpAlL/ soñador/a
drive /XpOd/ conducir, pilotar (un automóbil)
famous /'cCBlLg/ famoso/a, con sona
famous for /'cCBlLg cL/ famoso/a por
fireproof suit /'cOLUpIc gIW/ traxe ignífugo (a proba de fogo)
fly /coO/ pilotar (un avión)
football /'cHWVGo/ fútbol
game /ZMl/ xogo; partido
gentle /'bCmWo/ delicado/a, suave
gymnastics /bBl'mægWBYg/ ximnasia
healthy /'kCoei/ san/sa, saudábel
helmet /'kColBW/ casco
hit /kBW/ dar golpes, golpear
judo /'bIXN/ judo
juggle /'bJZo/ facer xogos malabares
jump /bJlU/ chimpar, brincar, saltar
kick /YBY/ dar unha patada
lift /oBcW/ erguer
lose a match /oIh L 'læWi/ perder un partido / combate
lose weight /oIh 'rMW/ perder / baixar peso, adelgazar
match /læWi/ partido; competición
muscle /'lJgo/ músculo
nightmare /'mOWlS/ pesadelo
pin /UBm/ bolo
player /'UoML/ xogador/a
quiet /'YrOLW/ tranquilo/a
quite /YrOW/ bastante
race /pMg/ carreira
racetrack /'pMgWpDY/ circuíto (de carreiras)
race walker /'pMg rGYL/ marchador/a
race walking /'pMg rGYBn/ marcha
racing car /'pMgBn YE/ coche de carreiras
rescue /'pCgYqI/ rescatar
ride /pOX/ montar en; pilotar
run /pJm/ correr
��Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
Glossaryrunning /'pJmBn/ correr
sail /gMo/ navegar; gobernar (un barco)
ski /gYA/ esquiar
skiing /'gYABn/ esquí
stomach /'gWJlLY/ estómago; abdome
surf /gKc/ facer surf
surfing /'gKcBn/ surf
swim /grBl/ nadar
swimming /'grBlBn/ natación
tennis /'WCmBg/ tenis
throw /epN/ guindar, lanzar; tirar
weigh /rM/ pesar
weight /rMW/ peso
weightlifter /'rMWoBcWL/ levantador/a de peso, halterófilo/a
weightlifting /'rMWoBcWBn/ levantamento de peso, halterofilia
win /rBm/ gañar
win a match /rBm L 'læWi/ gañar un partido / combate
unIt 5
action /'DYim/ (de) acción
adventure /LX'dCmWiL/ (de) aventuras
all over /Go 'NdL/ por todas as partes
amazing /L'lMhBn/ asombroso/a, incríbel
animated /'DmBlMWBX/ (de) animación / debuxos animados
appear /L'UBL/ aparecer
attach /L'WDWi/ pegar, adherir
barnacle /'VEmLYo/ percebe
bat /VDW/ morcego
blood /VoJX/ sangue
boring /'VGpBn/ aborrecido/a, aburrido/a
channel /'aDmo/ canal
choice /aQg/ elección, escolla
choose /aIh/ elixir, escoller
comedy /'YFlLXi/ comedia
correct /YL'pCYW/ correcto/a (be ~: levar, ter razón)
count /YPmW/ conde
creature /'YpAaL/ criatura
definitely /'XCcBmLWoi/ sen dúbida
disgusting /XBg'ZJgWBn/ noxento/a, repugnante
drama /'XpElL/ drama
educational /CXjH'YMiLmo/ educativo/a
enjoyable /Bm'bQLVo/ agradábel; entretido/a
exciting /BY'gOWBn/ emocionante
fact /cæYW/ feito (in ~: de feito, en realidade)
fair /cCL/ branco/a (pel)
flag /coæZ/ bandeira
frightening /'cpOWmBn/ arrepiante, espantoso/a
garlic /'ZEoBY/ allo
get old /ZCW 'NoX/ avellentar
harm /kEl/ mancar, magoar, facer dano
(be) here to stay /VA kBL WL 'gWM/ (vir) para se quedar, non (ser) unha moda pasaxeira
history /'kBgWpi/ historia
horror /'kFpL/ (de) terror / medo
instead of /Bm'gWCX Ld/ no canto de
interesting /'BmWpLgWBn/ interesante
jump out /bJlU 'PW/ saír dun chouto / brinco
look after /oHY 'EcWL/ ter conta / coidado de; ocuparse de
look at /'oHY DW/ mirar, ollar
look for /'oHY cG/ buscar, procurar
look forward to /oHY 'cGrLX WL/ agardar (con ilusión), estar a devecer por, ter moitas ganas de
look up something /oHY JU 'gJleBn/ procurar algunha cousa (información)
maybe /'lMVi/ se cadra, talvez, quizais
miss /lBg/ perder(se)
musical /'lqIhBYo/ musical
old-fashioned /NoX'cDimX/ anticuado/a, pasado/a de moda
predict /UpB'XBYW/ predicir
realistic /piL'oBgWBY/ realista
romance /pN'læmg/ romántico/a
safe /gMc/ seguro/a, fóra de perigo
science fiction /gOLmg 'cBYim/ (de) ficción científica
shout /iPW/ berrar, gritar
silly /'gBoi/ parvo/a; absurdo/a
special /'gUCio/ especial
stay /gWM/ manterse; quedar(se), ficar
stay away from /gWM L'rCB cpLl/ afastarse / arredarse de, non achegarse a
stay here /gWM 'kBL/ ficar / permanecer aquí
stay in /gWM 'Bm/ ficar (na casa), non saír
story /'gWGpi/ historia, narración
suddenly /'gJXLmoi/ de súpeto / socato
suggest /gL'bCgW/ aconsellar
surprising /gL'UpOhBn/ sorprendente
tentacle /'WCmWLYo/ tentáculo
terrible /'WCpLVo/ terríbel, arrepiante, espantoso/a
towards /WL'rGXh/ cara a
twilight /'WrOoOW/ crepúsculo, solpor
unusual /Jm'qIjHLo/ inusual, pouco común / corrente
vampire /'dDlUOL/ vampiro/a
watch out /rFa 'PW/ ter coidado / conta
western /'rCgWLm/ película do Oeste, western
��
Glossary
��Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
unIt 6
actor /'DYWL/ actor / actriz
ancient /'MmiLmW/ antigo/a
angry /'DnZpi/ amolado/a, enfadado/a
architect /'EYBWCYW/ arquitecto/a
artist /'EWBgW/ artista
athlete /'DeoAW/ deportista; atleta
bake a cake /VMY L 'YMY/ fornear un pastel / unha torta
become famous /VBYJl 'cCBlLg/ facerse famoso/a, coñecido/a
build a model /VBoX L 'lFXo/ construír / facer unha maqueta
builder /'VBoXL/ albanel
championship /'aDlUiLmiBU/ campionato
chimney /'aBlmi/ cheminea
computer programmer /YLlUqIWL 'UpLHZpDlL/ programador/a
dentist /'XCmWBgW/ dentista
diver /'XOdL/ saltador/a
do the laundry /XI fL 'oGmXpi/ facer a bogada / coada
doctor /'XFYWL/ doutor/a, médico/a
download music /XPmoNX 'lqIhBY/ baixar música
electrician /BoCY'WpBim/ electricista
employ /Bl'UoQ/ empregar / dar emprego a
employee /Bl'UoQA/ empregado/a, traballador/a
employer /Bl'UoQL/ xefe/a, patrón/oa, empresario/a
employment /Bl'UoQlLmW/ emprego, traballo
factory worker /'cæYWpi rKYL/ traballador/a dunha fábrica
fame /cMl/ fama, sona
famous /'cCBlLg/ famoso/a, célebre, coñecido/a
famous for /'cCBlLg cL/ famoso/a / célebre / coñecido/a por
fighter /'cOWL/ guerreiro/a; loitador/a
finish /'cBmBi/ rematar, acabar,concluír
firefighter /'cOLcOWL/ bombeiro/a
fireplace /'cOLUoMg/ cheminea, fogar
genius /'bAmiLg/ xenio
go hiking /ZLH 'kOYBn/ facer sendeirismo
higher /kOL/ maior, máis elevado/a, alto/a
IQ /O'YqI/ CI, coeficiente intelectual
Korean /YL'pAm/ coreano/a; coreano (idioma)
law /oG/ lei
lawyer /'oGqL/ avogado/a
lucky /'oJYi/ afortunado/a
medallist /'lCXLoBgW/ medallista
paint /UCBmW/ pintar
pick up /UBY 'JU/ coller
place /UoMg/ colocar, poñer, pór
plumber /'UoJlL/ fontaneiro/a
poor /UG/ pobre/a
prepare dinner /UpBUCL 'XBmL/ preparar a cea
prodigy /'UpFXLbi/ prodixio
quickly /'YrBYoi/ a presa, axiña, rapidamente
rich /pBWi/ rico/a
sailor /'gMoL/ mariñeiro/a
secretary /'gCYpLWLpi/ secretario/a
select /gB'oCYW/ elixir, escoller
slowly /'goNoi/ amodo, devagar, pouco a pouco
soldier /'gNobL/ soldado
start /gWEW/ comezar (~ a fire: prender un lume)
taller /WGoL/ máis alto/a
unemployed /JmBl'UoQX/ desempregado/a, en paro
waiter /'rMWL/ camareiro
wash the dishes /rFi fL 'XBiBh/ lavar os pratos
water the plants /rGWL fL 'UoEmWg/ regar as plantas
world-famous /rKoX'cCBlLg/ de fama / sona mundial, famoso/a / coñecido/a en todo o mundo
wrestling /'pCgoBn/ loita
write e-mails /pOW 'AlCBoh/ escribir correos electrónicos
writer /'pOWL/ escritor/a
unIt 7
armchair /'ElWiCL/ cadeira de brazos
bathroom /'VEepIl/ cuarto de baño
bedroom /'VCXpIl/ dormitorio, habitación, cuarto
big trouble /VBZ 'WpJVo/ gran lea / problema
blanket /'VoDnYBW/ manta
brochure /'VpNiL/ folleto
burn /VKm/ incendiar, queimar
carpet /'YEUBW/ alfombra
challenge /'WiDoLmb/ desafío, reto
clock /YoFY/ reloxo
cupboard /'YJVLX/ armario
curtain /'YKWBm/ cortina
cushion /'YHim/ coxín
desk /XCgY/ escritorio
dining room /'XOmBn pIl/ comedor
dishwasher /'XBirFiL/ lavalouza
even /'Adm/ mesmo, incluso
floor /coG/ piso; chan
fridge /cpBb/ neveira, frigorífico
garden /'ZEXm/ xardín
get into trouble /ZCW BmWL 'WpJVo/ meterse nunha lea / en problemas
have trouble /kLd 'WpJVo/ ter problemas
hope /kNU/ agardar, esperar (desexo, esperanza)
��Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
Glossaryitem /'OWLl/ artigo
keyboard /'YAVGX/ teclado
kitchen /'YBWiBm/ cociña
lamp /oDlU/ lámpada
living room /'oBdBn pIl/ cuarto de estar, salón
make a move /lMY L 'lId/ poñerse / porse en marcha; dar un paso
make trouble /lMY 'WpJVo/ provocar unha lea, causar problemas
mark /lEY/ cualificación
mess /lCg/ desorde, desfeita
messy /'lCgi/ desordenado/a
microwave /'lOYpLrMd/ microondas
mirror /'lBpL/ espello
move (n) /lId/ mudanza
move (v) /lId/ mudarse
move away /lId L'rCB/ marchar, irse; mudarse
move house /lId 'kPg/ mudarse / cambiar de casa
moving /'lIdBn/ mudarse
neighbourhood /'mMVLkHX/ veciñanza, barrio
no trouble /mN 'WpJVo/ sen problema
office /'FcBg/ despacho, oficina
on the move /Fm fL 'lId/ de viaxe; dun lado a outro
organise /'GZLmOh/ organizar
oven /'Jdm/ forno
photographer /cL'WFZpLcL/ fotógrafo/a
pillow /'UBoN/ almofada,coxín
price /UpOg/ prezo
prize /UpOh/ premio
recycling /pA'gOYoBn/ reciclaxe
relationship /pB'oMimiBU/ relación
scavenger hunt /'gYDdBmbL kJmW/ busca do tesouro, xincana
schoolchild /'gYIoaOoX/ alumno/a
schoolchildren /'gYIoWiBoXpLm/ alumnado
secret service /gAYpLW 'gKdBg/ (do) servizo secreto
shelf /iCoc / andel, estante, balda
shelves /iCodh/ andeis, estantes, baldas
shower /'iPL/ ducha
sink /gBnY/ vertedoiro, pía; lavabo
store /gWG/ gardar, almacenar
tidy /'WOXi/ ordenar
toilet /'WQoLW / baño, servizo, váter
trophy /'WpNci/ trofeo
wait /rMW/ agardar (tempo)
washing machine /'rFiBn lLiAm/ lavadora
worker /'rKYL/ traballador/a
unIt 8
almost /'GolNgW/ case
autumn /'GWLl/ outono
away on holiday /LrCB Fm 'kFoLXM/ (fóra) por vacacións
bad luck /VDX 'oJY/ mala sorte
be lucky /VA 'oJYi/ ter sorte
be on holiday /VA Fm 'kFoLXM/ estar de vacacións
beach /VAWi/ praia, areal
boots /VIWg/ botas
canyon /'YæmqLm/ canón
coat /YNW/ abrigo
collect /YL'oCYW/ coller; reunir, xuntar
desert /'XChLW/ deserto
destination /XCgWB'mMim/ destino, fado
disaster /XB'hEgWL/ desfeita
dish /XBi/ prato
dolphin /'XFocim/ golfiño
dream /XpAl/ de soño
dress /XpCg/ vestido
feast /cAgW/ banquete
fingerprint /'cBnZLUpBmW/ pegada / impresión dactilar
following /'cFoNBn/ seguinte
forest /'cFpBgW/ bosque
glacier /'ZoDgiL/ glaciar
go on holiday /ZLH Fm 'kFoLXM/ irse / marchar de vacacións
good luck /ZHX 'oJY/ boa sorte
hat /kDW/ gorro/a, pucho/a; sombreiro, chapeu
hill /kBo/ outeiro
holiday /'kFoLXM/ vacacións
horse riding /'kGg pOXBn/ montar a cabalo; equitación
hot /kFW/ caloroso/a; quente (be ~: facer calor)
island /'OoLmX/ illa
jeans /bAmh/ pantalóns vaqueiros
jungle /'bJnZo/ selva, xungla
lake /oMY/ lago
luck /oJY/ sorte; da sorte
lucky /'oJYi/ afortunado/a, con sorte; da sorte
lucky charm /'oJYi aEl/ amuleto
main dish /lCBm 'XBi/ prato sobranceiro
Majorca /lL'qGYL/ Mallorca
middle /'lBXo/ medio, metade
mosque /lFgY/ mesquita
mountain /'lPmWLm/ montaña
ocean /'Nim/ océano
plate /UoMW/ prato
��
Glossary
��Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
public holidays /UJVoBY 'kFoLXMh/ festas nacionais / oficiais
reef /pAc/ baixío, escollo, arrecife
right away /pOW L'rCB/ deseguida, decontado
river /'pBdL/ río
sandals /'gDmXoh/ sandalias
scuba diving /'gYIVL XOdBn/ mergullo, submarinismo
shirt /iKW/ camisa
shorts /iGWg/ pantalóns curtos
side /gOX/ banda, lado
skirt /gYKW/ saia, faldra
sleeping bag /'goAUBn VDZ/ saco de durmir
sock /gFY/ calcetín, peúgo
spend /gUCmX/ pasar (tempo); gastar
spider /'gUOXL/ araña
squid /gYrBX/ lura, calamar
stripe /gWpOU/ raia
sweater /'grCWL/ xersei
swimsuit /'grBlgIW/ traxe de baño
top /WFU/ superficie
trainers /'WpMmLh/ zapatillas de deporte
travel agency /'Wpædo CBbLmgi/ axencia de viaxes
trousers /'WpPhLh/ pantalóns
T-shirt /'aKW/ camiseta
valley /'dDoi/ val
warm /rGl/ cálido/a, quente; temperado/a
waterfall /'rGWLcGo/ fervenza, cachoeira, cascada
weigh /rM/ pesar, pesadume
worm /rKl/ lombriga, verme
unIt 9
athletic /De'oCWBY/ atlético/a
battery /'VDWpi/ batería
break (n) /VpMY/ descanso, folganza; vacacións
break (v) /VpMY/ romper(se), esnaquizarse, estragarse
breakfast /'VpCYcLgW/ almorzo
by mistake /VO lB'gWMY/ por erro
calm /YEl/ tranquilo/a
clever /'YoCdL/ intelixente
computers /YLl'UqIWLh/ informática
confident /'YFmcBXLmW/ seguro/a de si mesmo/a, confiado/a
contest /'YFmWCgW/ concurso
dance mat /XEmg 'læW/ alfombra de baile
drawing /'XpGBn/ debuxo
DVD burner /XA dA 'XA VKmL/ gravador/a de DVD
earphones /'RcNmh/ auriculares
evil /'Ado/ malvado/a
favourite /'cCBdLpBW/ favorito/a
flash /coæi/ parpadexar, facer escintileos
flower /'coPL/ flor
friendly /'cpCmXoi/ simpático/a
funny /'cJmi/ gracioso/a, divertido/a
give me a break /ZBd lA L 'VpMY/ déixame respirar
hard-working /kEX'rKYBn/ traballador/a
have a break /kLd L 'VpMY/ facer un descanso, descansar, acougar
keyboard /'YAVGX/ teclado
kind /YOmX/ amábel, atento/a
laptop computer /oDUWFU YLl'UqIWL/ ordenador portátil
learn from mistakes /oKm cpLl lB'gWMYg/ aprender dos erros
make a mistake /lMY L lB'gWMY/ cometer un erro, errar, equivocarse
memory card /'lClLpi YEX/ tarxeta de memoria
modem /'lNXCl/ módem
monitor /'lFmBWL/ monitor
mouse /lPg/ rato
mousepad /'lPgUDX/ alfombra (do rato)
nature /'mMaL/ natureza
nervous /'mKdLg/ nervioso/a
noise /mQh/ ruído
printer /'UpBmWL/ impresora
prize /UpOh/ premio
quiet /'YrOLW/ calado/a
report /pB'UGW/ informe
scanner /'gYDmL/ escáner
screen /gYpAm/ pantalla
see /gA/ ver
serious /'gBLpiLg/ serio/a
shy /iO / apoucado/a, tímido/a
sound /gPmX/ son
spaceship /'gUMgiBU/ nave espacial
speaker /'gUAYL/ altofalante
spelling mistakes /gUCoBn lB'gWMYg/ faltas de ortografía
sport /gUGW/ deporte
strong /gWpFn/ forte
succeed /gLY'gAX/ triunfar, ter éxito
survivor /gL'dOdL/ supervivente
take a break /WCBY L 'VpMY/ facer un descanso, descansar, acougar
turn into /WKm 'BmWL/ converterse en
turn off /WKm 'Fc/ apagar
unfriendly /Jm'cpCmXoi/ antipático/a
USB flash drive /qI Cg VA 'coDi XpOd/ memoria USB
villain /'dBoLm/ vilán/á
watch /rFa/ mirar, ver; observar, reparar
weak /rAY/ feble, débil
webcam /'rCVYDl/ cámara web
GrammarAppendix
1010Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
IntroductIon
O PLURAL DOS SUBSTANTIVOS• Osmáisdossubstantivosteñenunpluralregular.
Plural regular Os máis engaden -s para formaren o plural.
dog dogs
Os rematados en s, sh, ch ou x engaden -es.
kiss kisses
brush brushes
bench benches
box boxesAlgúns rematados en o engaden -es.
tomato tomatoes
(maispiano pianos)Se rematan en consoante + y cambian ese y por i y añaden -es, mais se rematan en vogal + y só engaden -s.lorry lorries
boy boys
Os máis dos rematados en f ou fe cambian o f ou fe por v e logo engaden -es.
shelf shelves
knife knives
(maischief chiefs)
• Maisalgúnsteñenunpluralirregular.
Plural irregularfoot(pé),tooth(dente) feet,teethman(home),woman(muller) men,womenchild(neno/a) children person(persoa) peoplemouse(rato) micedeer(cervo),fish(peixe),sheep(ovella) deer,fish,sheep
O VERBO to beAfirmativa Forma contraídaIam I’m
Youare You’re
Heis He’s
Sheis She’s
Itis It’s
Weare We’re
Youare You’re
Theyare They’re
Negativa Forma contraídaIam not I’m not
Youare not Youaren’t
Heis not He isn’t
Sheis not Sheisn’t
Itis not Itisn’t
Weare not Wearen’t
Youare not Youaren’t
Theyare not Theyaren’t
InterrogativaRespostas curtasAfirmativa Negativa
AmI...? Yes,I am. No,I’m not.
Areyou...? Yes,you are. No, you aren’t.
Ishe...? Yes,he is. No,he isn’t.
Isshe...? Yes,she is. No,she isn’t.
Isit...? Yes, it is. No,it isn’t.
Arewe...? Yes,we are. No,we aren’t.
Areyou...? Yes,you are. No,you aren’t.
Arethey...? Yes,they are. No,they aren’t.
Overboto besignificaprincipalmente“ser”ou“estar”.• Afirmativa:suxeito+am/is/are.Éoúnicoverboque
tentresformasdistintasnopresente.Asformascontraídasemprégansemáisnaconversa.
Heisverythin.(Elémoidelgado.)
• Negativa:suxeito+am/is/are+notouacontracciónn’t(quesepodeengadiraiseaare,maisnonaam).
Theyaren’tgood-looking.(Nonsonatraentes.)
• Interrogativa:Am/Is/Are+suxeito. Isbasketballyourfavouritesport?
(Obaloncestoéoteudeportepreferido?)
• Respostas curtas:pronomepersoalsuxeito+to besencontraerenafirmativaoucontraídoconnot ennegativa.
Isyourbirthdayinthesummer?Yes,itis./No,itisn’t. (Oteuaniversarioénoverán?É.Si./Non.)
1010
GrammarAppendix
1111Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
Os usos do verbo to beDefiniciónsefeitosxerais
ManchesterisinEngland.(ManchesterestáenInglaterra.)
SentimentoseestadosHeissadbutI’mhappy.(Elestátristeiromaiseuestoufeliz.)
IdadeIamthirteenyearsold.(Teñotreceanos.)
Profesións,relixiónsenacionalidades
Mileyisasinger.(Mileyécantante.)
PrezosHowmuchisit?It’s5euros.(Cantoé?Son5euros.)
MedidasHe’s1.70metrestall.(Mide1,70m.)
Tempoatmosférico Itiscold.(Vaifrío.)
O VERBO have gotAfirmativa Forma contraídaIhave got I’ve got
Youhave got You’ve got
Hehas got He’s got
Shehas got She’s got
Ithas got It’s got
Wehave got We’ve got
Youhave got You’ve got
Theyhave got They’ve got
Negativa Forma contraídaIhave not got I haven’t got
Youhave not got Youhaven’t got
Hehas not got Hehasn’t got
Shehas not got Shehasn’t got
Ithas not got Ithasn’t got
Wehave not got Wehaven’t got
Youhave not got Youhaven’t got
Theyhave not got Theyhaven’t got
InterrogativaRespostas curtas
Afirmativa Negativa
HaveIgot...? Yes,I have. No,I haven’t.
Haveyougot...? Yes,you have. No,you haven’t.
Hashegot...? Yes,he has. No,he hasn’t.
Hasshegot...? Yes,she has. No,she hasn’t.
Hasitgot...? Yes,it has. No,it hasn’t.
Havewegot...? Yes,we have. No,we haven’t.
Haveyougot...? Yes,you have. No,you haven’t.
Have theygot...? Yes,they have. No,they haven’t.
Overbohave gotsignifica“ter”.Expresaoqueposuímosouosriscosdealguénoualgocandoodescribimos.
• Afirmativa:suxeito+have(’ve)gotouhas(’s)got.
Youhave gotafamousbrother.(Tesunirmánfamoso.)
• Negativa:suxeito+have/has+not(n’t)+got.
Theyhaven’t gotlongstraighthair.(Nonteñenopelolongoeliso.)
• Interrogativa:Have/Has+suxeito+got.
Have yougotapinkdiary?(Tesundiariorosa?)
• Respostas curtas:ponseopronomepersoalsuxeito+have/hasouhaven’t/hasn’t(sengot).
HasshegotaniPhone?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.(ElatenuniPhone?Ten.Si./Non.)
AS PARTÍCULAS INTERROGATIVASWho? Quen? Whoisyoursister?
What? Que?,cal?,cales?Whatcolourarehereyes?
When? Cando? Whenishisbirthday?
Where? Onde? Whereareyoufrom?
Why? Porque? Whyareyouhappy?
Empréganseaocomezodaspreguntasquenonsepodencontestarcun“Si”ouun“Non”.
O XENITIVO SAXÓN•Emprégaseparasinalarposesión.Candofalamossobre
algooualguénquepertenceapersoas,animaisoupaíses,engádeseunapóstrofo(’)eunsaoposuidor.
Kevin’sbrother(oirmándeKevin)thedog’steeth(osdentesdocan)Scotland’sweather(otempodeEscocia)
• Seoposuidoréunpluralregularouconclúeens,engádesesóoapóstrofo(’),maisseéunpluralirregularengádese’s.
myparents’house(acasademeuspais)themen’sjob(otraballodoshomes)
• Seonomepropioremataens,pódeseengadir’ou’s.
James’/James’sfamily(acasadeJames)
• Coascousasemprégaseof,nonoxenitivosaxón.
theroofofthehouse(otelladodacasa)
1212Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
GrammarAppendix
OS ADXECTIVOS E PRONOMES POSESIVOSPronomespersoaissuxeito
Adxectivos posesivos
Pronomes posesivos
I my mine
you your yours
he his his
she her hers
it its -
we our ours
you your yours
they their theirs
• Sinalandequenéalgo.
• Osadxectivosposesivossemprevandiantedosubstantivoquesinalaacousaposuída,senimportaroxéneroouonúmeroqueestateña.
myhouse,myeyes(amiñacasa,osmeusollos)
• Na3ªpersoadosingularhaitresformas,dependendodoxénerodoposuidor:masculino(his),feminino(her)ouneutro(its).
• Ospronomesposesivossubstitúenaosubstantivoquesinalaacousaposuídaeconcordancoposuidor.
Thisroomisours.(Estecuartoénoso.)
• Na3ªpersoadosingulardospronomesposesivoshaidúasformas:masculina(his)efeminina(hers).Nonhaiformaneutra.
this, that, these, those This este/esta/isto
That ese/esa/isoouaquel/aquela/aquilo
Refírenseanomescontábeisensingulareanomesnoncontábeis.
These estes/estas
Those eses/esasouaqueles/aquelas
Sóparanomescontábeisenplural.
• This/Theseindicanqueosubstantivoaoqueserefirenestápretodofalante.
• That/Thoseindicanqueosubstantivoaoqueserefirenestálonxedofalante.
• Seseempregancomopronomes,nonvanseguidosdunsubstantivo.
Thisisherpet.(Esteéoseuanimaldecompañía.)Thatismyguitar.(Esaéamiñaguitarra.)Thesearemybrothers.(Estessonosmeusirmáns.)Thosearehisglasses.(Aquelassonassúaslentes.)
• Funcionancomoadxectivoscandovandiantedunsubstantivo.
Thisdressisshort.(Estevestidoécurto.)Thatgirlistall.(Esarapazaéalta.)
Thesecoloursaredark.(Estascoressonescuras.)Thoseflowersarenice.(Esasfloressonfermosas.)
unIt1
theRe is / theRe aReContábeis Non contábeis
Afirmativa There isabanana.There aresomeapples.
There issometea.
Negativa There isn’tanegg.There aren’tbeans.
There isn’tanymilk.
Interrogativa Is thereapancake?Are thereanyonions?
Is thereanybread?
Respostas curtas
Yes,there is./No,there isn’t.Yes,there are./No,there aren’t.
• Afirmativa:There isvaiseguidodenomescontábeisensingularounoncontábeis.There arevaiseguidodenomescontábeisenplural.Ambososdoustradúcensecomo“Hai...”.
• Negativa:There is/There are+apartículanot(There is not/There are not)ouacontracciónn’t(There isn’t/There aren’t).
• Interrogativa:aspreguntascomezanconIs / Are+there.
• Respostas curtas:vólveseáordenormalenanegativaempréganseasformascontraídas.
OS DETERMINANTES
the
Connomescontábeisenoncontábeis.Emprégansediantedunnomequeécoñecidopolofalante.
o,a,os/as
Ihavegotanorange.Theorangeisbig.Thesunisshining.Themoonisfulltonight.
a / an
Connomescontábeisensingular.Emprégansediantedunnomequenonécoñecidopolofalante.
un/unha astrawberry,anegg
some
Connomescontábeisenpluralenoncontábeis.
uns/nhas,algúns/nhasalgode,unpoucode(ounonsetraduce)
Therearesomemeatballs.We’vegotsomebutter.
any
Frasesnegativaseinterrogativas:Connomescontábeisenpluralenoncontábeis.
ningún/nhanadade(ounonsetraduce)
Theyhaven’tgotanysandwiches.Shehasn’tgotanyrice.
algún/unhaalgúns/unhasalgode(ounonsetraduce)
Arethereanychips?Haveyougotanybutter?
1212
GrammarAppendix
1313Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
• Negativa:suxeito+do/does +not(on’t)+verbonaformabase.
Mysisterdoesn’t likecoconuts. (Ámiñairmánonllegustanoscocos.)
• Interrogativa:Do/Does+suxeito+verbonaformabase.
Doyoulive inEngland?(VivesenInglaterra?)
• Respostas curtas:pronomepersoalsuxeito+do/doesoudon’t/doesn’t.
Do wolvesliveingroups?Yes,they do./No,they don’t. (Oslobosvivenengrupos?Viven.Si./No.)
Os usos do Present simpleVerdadesxeraisedescricións
Thesunsetsinthewest.(Osolponsepolooeste.)
Feitoshabituaisoucotiáns
Wegotoacatcaféeveryweek.(Imosaunhacafetaríadegatoscadasemana.)
Gostoseopinións Lionslovemeat.(Aosleónsencántallesacarne.)
Programasehorarios Thetrainleavesat5o’clock.(Otrensaeáscincoenpunto.)
• CoPresentSimpleadoitanempregarseasseguintesexpresións temporais:every day/week/year(todos/asdías/semanas/anos),once/twice a year(unha/dúasvecesaoano),on+díadasemanaenplural,at night(polanoite),in the morning(polamañá),in the summer(noverán),etc.Todaspodeniraocomezoouaofinaldafrase,maisadoitanpoñerseaofinal.
Igotothedentistonce a year.(Adoitoiraodentistaunhavezaoano.)
OS ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA• CoPresentSimpleadoitanempregarseosseguintesadverbios
defrecuencia:
always sempre
usuallynormalmente,poloxeral,xeralmente
often amiúdo
sometimes ásveces,algunhasveces
rarely aoraro
never nunca,xamais
• Estesadverbiosexpresanafrecuenciacoaquesefaialgunhacousa.Poloxeralcolocánsediantedoverboprincipal,agásnocasodoverboto be,quevandetrás.
Agiraffeusually sleeps foranhouraday.(Unhaxirafaxeralmentedormeunhahoraaodía.)
Garfieldis always tired.(Garfieldestásemprecanso.)
HOW MUCH / HOW MANY
How many ...?Cantos/as...?
Nomescontábeisenplural.
How manyrestaurantsarethere?
How much ...?Canto/a...?
Nomesnoncontábeis.Candovaicoverboto beserveparapreguntaroprezodunhacousa.
How muchsugardoyouneed?How muchisit?
Empregamosestasexpresiónsparapreguntarpolacantidadedealgo.
unIt2
O PReseNt siMPLeAfirmativa Negativa Forma contraídaIwalk Ido not walk Idon’t walk
Youwalk Youdo not walk Youdon’t walk
Hewalks Hedoes not walk Hedoesn’t walk
Shewalks Shedoes not walk Shedoesn’t walk
Itwalks Itdoes not walk Itdoesn’t walk
Wewalk Wedo not walk Wedon’t walk
Youwalk Youdo not walk Youdon’t walk
Theywalk Theydo not walk Theydon’t walk
InterrogativaRespostas curtasAfirmativa Negativa
DoIwalk ...? Yes,I do. No,I don’t.
Doyouwalk ...? Yes,you do. No, you don’t.
Doeshewalk ...? Yes,he does. No,he doesn’t.
Doesshewalk ...? Yes,she does. No,she doesn’t.
Doesitwalk ...? Yes, it does. No,it doesn’t.
Dowewalk ...? Yes,we do. No,we don’t.
Doyouwalk ...? Yes,you do. No,you don’t.
Dotheywalk ...? Yes,they do. No,they don’t.
• Afirmativa:écomoaformabasedoverbo(infinitivosento)entodasaspersoasagásna3ªdosingular,naqueseengade-s.
Hesleeps athomeeveryday.(Dormenacasatodososdías.)
Nosseguintescasos,engádese-esnocantode-s:
-Seremataenss,sh,choux:
pass-passes watch-watches
wash-washes mix-mixes
-Seremataeno:
do-does go-goes
-Osverbosrematadosenconsoante+y,cambianoypor uni:
study-studies carry-carries
1414Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
GrammarAppendix
unIt3
O PReseNt CoNtiNUoUsAfirmativa Forma contraídaIam looking I’m looking
Youare looking You’re looking
Heis looking He’s looking
Sheis looking She’s looking
Itis looking It’s looking
Weare looking We’re looking
Youare looking You’re looking
Theyare looking They’re looking
Negativa Forma contraídaIam not looking I’m not looking
Youare not looking Youaren’t/You’re not looking
Heis not looking Heisn’t/He’s not looking
Sheis not looking Sheisn’t/She’s not looking
Itis not looking Itisn’t/It’s not looking
Weare not looking Wearen’t/We’re not looking
Youare not looking Youaren’t/You’re not looking
Theyare not looking Theyaren’t/They’re not looking
InterrogativaRespostas curtasAfirmativa Negativa
AmIlooking? Yes,I am. No,I’m not.
Areyoulooking? Yes,you are. No,you aren’t.
Ishelooking? Yes,he is. No,he isn’t.
Isshelooking? Yes,she is. No,she isn’t.
Isitlooking? Yes,it is. No,it isn’t.
Arewelooking? Yes,we are. No,we aren’t.
Areyoulooking? Yes,you are. No,you aren’t.
Aretheylooking? Yes,they are. No,they aren’t.
Expresaoqueestáaocorrermentressefalaounoperíododetempopresente.
• Afirmativa:suxeito+am/is/are+unverborematadoen-ing.
Sheis reading now.(Elaestáalerarestora.)
Nosseguintescasos,cómprerepararnestasregrasortográficasparaengadir-ing:
-Seremataene mudo,pérdeseoe:live-living
-Seéde1sílabaeremataen 1 vogal + 1 consoante,dóbraseestaconsoante:run-running sit-sitting
-Seéde2sílabasetenoacentonaúltima,dóbraseaderradeiraconsoante:prefer-preferring begin-beginning
-Seremataenl,dóbraseadevanditaletra: travel-travelling
-Seremataenie,cámbiaseieporuny:lie-lying die - dying
• Negativa:suxeito+am/is/are +notouan’t(quesepodeengadiraiseare,maisnonaam)+unverborematadoen-ing.Naconversaadoitaempregarseaformacontraída.
Sheisn’t studyingatthemoment.(Elanonestáaestudarnesteintre.)
• Interrogativa:Am/Is/Are+suxeito+unverborematadoen-ing.
Aretheywatching afilmrightnow?(Estánaverunhapelículaagoramesmo?)
• Respostas curtas:ponseopronomepersoalsuxeito+verboto be(sencontraerenafirmativaocontraídoennegativa).
Areyouwaiting forapizza?Yes,I am./No,I’m not. (Estásaagardarunhapizza?Estou.Si./No.)
• CoPresentContinuousadoitanempregarseasseguintesexpresións temporais:now(agora,arestora),at the moment(nesteintre/momento),right now(agoramesmo,xustoagora),today(hoxe),these days(hoxeendía),this week(estasemana),etc.Todaspodeniraocomezoouaofinaldafrase,maisadoitanpoñerseaofinal.
Iam buying someclothesright now.(Estouamercaralgoderoupaagoramesmo.)
CONTRASTEPReseNt CoNtiNUoUs / PReseNt siMPLeOPresentSimpleexpresahábitos,mentresqueoPresentContinuoussinalaoqueestáaocorrermentressefala.
Theyusuallymeetatthesportscentre,buttodaythey’re meetingatthelibrary.(Poloxeralencóntransenopolideportivo,maishoxeencóntransenabiblioteca.)
Os verbos “estáticos”Empréganseparaexpresargostos,desexos,sentimentoseemocións,actividadesdamenteeopinións,percepcióneposesiónenonseadoitanempregarcoPresentContinuous.
lovelikehatewant
gostos,desexos,sentimentoseemocións
thinkrememberknowunderstandbelieve
actividadesdamenteeopinións
seehearsmelltastefeel
percepción
own posesión
1414
GrammarAppendix
1515Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
Ilikethenewmuseum. (Gústameonovomuseo.)
Do youknowhisphonenumber?(Sabesoseunúmerodeteléfono?)
Thefishsmellsbad.(Opeixecheiramal.)
Myfatherownsarestaurant.(Meupaitenunrestaurante.)
unIt4
OS MODAIS
Can / Can’tAfirmativa Negativa Forma contraídaIcan run I cannot run I can’t run
Youcan run Youcannot run You can’t run
Hecan run He cannot run He can’t run
Shecan run She cannot run She can’t run
Itcan run It cannot run It can’t run
Wecan run We cannot run We can’t run
Youcan run You cannot run You can’t run
Theycan run They cannot run They can’t run
InterrogativaRespostas curtas
Afirmativa NegativaCanIrun? Yes,I can. No,I can’t.
Can you run? Yes,you can. No,you can’t.
Can he run? Yes,he can. No,he can’t.
Can she run? Yes,she can. No,she can’t.
Can it run? Yes,it can. No,it can’t.
Can we run? Yes,we can. No,we can’t.
Can you run? Yes,you can. No,you can’t.
Can they run? Yes,they can. No,they can’t.
Overbomodalcansignifica“saber”ou“poder”.
• Afirmativa:suxeito+can+verbonaformabase.Comoéunverbomodal,nonseengade-s na3ªpersoadosingular.
Hecandojudo.(Elsabefacerjudo.)
• Negativa:suxeito+cannotoucan’t+verbonaformabase.
Mysistercan’tplaybasketball.(Amiñairmánonsabe/podexogarao baloncesto.)
• Interrogativa:Can+suxeito+verbonaformabase.
Canyouswim?(Sabes/Podesnadar?)
• Respostas curtas:ponseopronomepersoalsuxeito+canoucan’t.
Canyouliftheavyweights?Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.(Podeserguerpesospesados?Podo.Si./Non.)
Os empregos do verbo canHabilidadeoucapacidadeparafaceralgo:“saber”
Hecan readbooksinGerman.(Elsabelerlibrosenalemán.)
Posibilidadedefaceralgo:“poder”
Icandriveyouhome.(Podolevarteácasa.)
Pedimentodepermisooufavores:“poder”
Canyoucometomorrow?(Podesvirmañá?)
Must / Mustn’tAfirmativa NegativaImust practise I mustn’t practise
Youmust practise Youmustn’t practise
Hemust practise He mustn’t practise
Shemust practise She mustn’t practise
Itmust practise It mustn’t practise
Wemust practise We mustn’t practise
Youmust practise You mustn’t practise
Theymust practise They mustn’t practise
Overbomodalmustenafirmativasignifica“deber”eexpresaaobrigaouanecesidadegrandedefaceralgunhacousa.Ennegativaexpresaprohibición,quealgunhacousanonestápermitidaouquenonsedebefacerpoisnonconvénounonécorrecto.
• Afirmativa:suxeito+must+verbonaformabase.Comotaménéunverbomodal,nonseengade-s na3ªpersoadosingular.
Youmustwearauniform.(Debeslevaruniforme.)
• Negativa:suxeito+must notoumustn’t+verboenformabase.
Youmustn’teathere.(Nondebescomeraquí.)[estáprohibido]
• Interrogativa: Must +suxeito+verbonaformabase.Nestecaso,mustexpresaobrigaounecesidade,aíndaqueesteverbomodalnonseadoitaempregarnaformainterrogativa.
MustIdomyhomeworknow?(Debofacerosdeberesagora?)
• Respostas curtas:ponseopronomepersoalsuxeito+mustoumustn’t.
Mustwekicktheball?Yes,you must./No,you mustn’t.(Debemosdarlleunhapatadaápelota?Debedes.Si./Non.)
should / shouldn’tAfirmativa NegativaIshould go I shouldn’t go
Youshould go Youshouldn’t go
Heshould go He shouldn’t go
Sheshould go She shouldn’t go
Itshould go It shouldn’t go
Weshould go We shouldn’t go
Youshould go You shouldn’t go
Theyshould go They shouldn’t go
1616Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
GrammarAppendix
InterrogativaRespostas curtasAfirmativa Negativa
Should I go? Yes,I should. No,I shouldn’t.
Should you go? Yes,you should. No,you shouldn’t.
Should he go? Yes,he should. No,he shouldn’t.
Should she go? Yes,she should. No,she shouldn’t.
Should it go? Yes,it should. No,it shouldn’t.
Should we go? Yes,we should. No,we shouldn’t.
Should you go? Yes,you should. No,you shouldn’t.
Should they go? Yes,they should. No,they shouldn’t.
• Afirmativa:suxeito+should+verbonaformabase.Comotaménéunverbomodal,nonseengade-s na3ªpersoadosingular.
Heshouldeathealthyfood.(Deberíacomercomidasaudábel.)
• Negativa:suxeito+should not oushouldn’t+verbonaformabase.
Youshouldn’tdrivequickly.(Nondeberíasconduciráprésa.)
• Interrogativa:Should+suxeito+verbonaformabase.
ShouldIchoose acharacter?(Deberíaescollerunpersonaxe?)
• Respostas curtas:ponseopronomepersoalsuxeito+shouldoshouldn’t.
ShouldIloseweight?Yes,youshould./No,youshouldn’t.(Deberíaperderpeso?Deberías.Si./Non.)
Os empregos do should / shouldn’t
Darconsellos Youshould dosport.(Deberíasfacerdeporte.)
Diciroquesedeberíaounonfacer
Heshouldn’t danceatparties.(Nondeberíabailarnasfestas.)
OS ADVERBIOS DE MODO
Adxectivo Adverbio de modo
badmalo/a,mao/má
badly mal
slow lento/a slowlyamodo,devagar,engorde
quick rápido/a quicklyáprésa,rapidamente
careful coidadoso/a carefullyconcoidado,coidadosamente
easy fácil,doado/a easilyconfacilidade,facilmente
quiet calado/a quietlyensilencio,senfacerruído
clear claro/a clearlyconclaridade,claramente
generous xeneroso/a generously xenerosamente
regular regular regularly regularmente
• Osadverbiosdemodomodificanosverbos,poisdescribenaformaenqueserealizaaacción.ConelesrespóndeseáspreguntasquecomezanporHow ...? (Como...?).
• Fórmanseengadindoaterminación-lyaoadxectivocorrespondente.
Shealwaysdoesherworkcarefully.(Elasemprefaioseutraballoconcoidado.)
• Osadxectivosrematadosenconsoante+y,cambianoy porielogoengaden-ly.
easy-easily
happy-happily
Adxectivo Adverbio de modo irregular
good bo/a well ben
hard duro/a,difícil hard duramente,moito
fast rápido/a fast áprésa,rapidamente
high alto/a high agrandealtura
• Haiadverbiosirregulares,comoosdatáboaanterior.
Theyswimfast.(Elesnadanáprésa.)
OS ADVERBIOS DE INTENSIDADEvery moi
quite bastante,moi
not at all nada,enabsoluto
fairly bastante
reasonably bastante,razoabelmente
slightly lixeiramente,unchisco,unpouco
completely completamente
• Vandiantedoutrosadverbiosoudeadxectivosematizanoseusignificadodandounhaideademaioroumenorintensidade.
Shejumpsquitehigh.(Elasaltabastantealto.)
Janedoesn’tswimat all well. (Janenonnadanadaben.)
unIt5
O COMPARATIVO DOS ADXECTIVOS
A forma comparativaParacomparardúascousas,animaisoupersoasempréganseosadxectivosengraocomparativo.
• Ocomparativodesuperioridade(máis...que/ca/doque)emprégaseparacomparardúascousas,animaisoupersoascandounhasuperaáoutraenalgúnaspecto.Paraformalocómprerepararnalonxitudedoadxectivo:
1616
GrammarAppendix
1717Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
1.Seten1sílaba,ou2eremataeny,oadxectivoconsidérasecurtoeengádeselleaterminación-er.Detráspónselleapartículathan.
Myhairisshorter thanyours.(Omeupeloémáiscurtoqueoteu.)
Nosseguintescasos,oadxectivomudaaolleengadir-er:
-Seten1sílabaeremataen1 vogal+1 consoante,dóbraseesaconsoante:thin-thinner big - bigger
-Seten2sílabaseremataenconsoante+y,cámbiaseoyporuni:silly-sillier ugly - uglier
-Seremataenl,duplícaseadevanditaletra:cruel-crueller
-Seconclúeenemudo,sóseengade-r:nice-nicer
2.Seten2sílabasoumáis,oadxectivoconsidéraselongoeacomparativafórmaseconmore+adxectivo+than.
Thisbookismore interesting thanthatfilm.(Estelibroémáisinteresantequeesapelícula.)
• Ocomparativodeigualdadefórmaseusando(not)as+adxectivo+as((non)tan/tanto...como/a).
Sheisn’t as intelligent asyou.(Elanonétanintelixentecomati.)
• Ocomparativodeinferioridadefórmaseconless+adxectivo+than(menos...que/caoudoque).
Westernsareless enjoyable thancomedies.(AspelículasdoOestesonmenosentretidasqueascomedias.)
A forma superlativaEmprégaseparacompararmáisdedúascousas,animaisoupersoasedicirqueunhasalientasobreasdemais.
• Ponsethediantedoadxectivoetaméncómpreterencontaasúalonxitude:
-Seécurto,engádeselleaterminación-est.
Jimisthe oldest student intheclass.(Jiméoalumnomáisvellodaclase.)
Segueasmesmasregrasqueparaformarocomparativocon-er.
big-biggest sad-saddestpretty-prettiest happy-happiestwide-widest large-largestcruel-cruellest
-Seélongo,ponsediantethe most. Thisisthe most frightening story Iknow.(Estaéahistoriamáisarrepiantequecoñezo.)
• Osuperlativopodeirseguidodaspreposiciónsin,of eon.IsCopenhagenthe most beautifulcityin Europe?(CopenhagueéacidademáisbonitadeEuropa?)
Todayisthe most special dayof theyear.(Hoxeéodíamáisespecialdoano.)
What’sthe most dangerousplaceon Earth?(CaléolugarmáisperigosodaTerra?)
• Parasinalarquealguénoualgoéinferiorqueorestonalgúnaspectoemprégaseaestruturathe least+adxectivo.
Thislessonisthe least boring oneinthebook.(Estalecciónéamenosaborrecidadolibro.)
Os adxectivos irregularesAononseguirenregraningunha,cómpreaprenderassúasformascomparativaesuperlativadememoria.
Adxectivo Comparativo Superlativogood (bo,bon/boa) better than the best
bad(malo/a;mao/má) worse than the worst
far (afastado/a)farther/further than
the farthest/furthest
little(pouco/a) less than the least
unIt6
O Past siMPLeAfirmativa Negativa Forma contraídaIstarted I did not start I didn’t start
Youstarted Youdid not start You didn’t start
Hestarted He did not start He didn’t start
Shestarted She did not start She didn’t start
Itstarted It did not start It didn’t start
Westarted We did not start We didn’t start
Youstarted You did not start You didn’t start
Theystarted They did not start They didn’t start
InterrogativaRespostas curtasAfirmativa Negativa
Did Istart ...? Yes,I did. No,I didn’t.
Did youstart ...? Yes,you did. No,you didn’t.
Did hestart ...? Yes,he did. No,he didn’t.
Did shestart ...? Yes,she did. No,she didn’t.
Did itstart ...? Yes,it did. No,it didn’t.
Did westart ...? Yes,we did. No,we didn’t.
Did youstart ...? Yes,you did. No,you didn’t.
Did theystart ...? Yes,they did. No,they didn’t.
• Afirmativa:fórmaseengadindo-edaosverbosregulareseéigualentodasaspersoas.
Iwalked homelastnight.(Camiñeiataacasaonteánoite.)
1818Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
GrammarAppendix
Nosseguintescasos,cómprerepararnestasregrasortográficasparaengadir-ed:
-Seremataene mudo,sóseengade-d:dance-danced arrive-arrived
-Seéde1sílabaeremataen1 vogal+1 consoante,dóbraseestaconsoante:stop-stopped plan-planned
-Seéde2sílabasetenoacentonaderradeira,dóbraseaderradeiraconsoante:prefer-preferred permit-permitted
-Seremataenl,dóbraseesaletra:travel-travelled
-Seconclúeenconsoante+y,cámbiaseoyporuni:study-studied try - tried
• Negativa:suxeito+did notoudidn’t+unverbonaformabase.
Shedidn’t livethere.(Elanonviviualí.)
• Interrogativa:Did+suxeito+verbonaformabase.
Didyoudiscover thetruth?(Tidescubrichesaverdade?)
• Respostas curtas:ponseopronomepersoalsuxeito+didoudidn’t.
Didheclimb MountEverest?Yes,he did./No,he didn’t.(EscalouoEverest?Escalou.Si./No.)
Os usos do Past simple
Expresarmosacciónspasadas
Heworkedinabankoneyearago.(Traballoununbancohaiunano.)
Dicirmosquésefixonunmomentoconcreto
Theyusedthecomputeryesterday.(Elesempregaronoordenadoronte.)
Contarmoshistoriasenpasado
Istudiedfortwohours.ThenIplayedwithmybrother.(Estudeiaolongodedúashoras.Logoxogueicomeuirmán.)
Contarmoscomoeranascousasnoutrotempo
Thewarstarted in1939.(Aguerracomezouen1939.)
• CoPastSimpleadoitanempregarseestasexpresións temporais:asquelevanago(hai)aofinaldeexpresión,last night/week/year (estanoite,asemanapasada,oanopasado),at+unhahora,on+undíaouunhadata,in+unano,in the past(nopasado),yesterday(onte),etc.Podeniraocomezoououaofinaldafrase,maisadoitanpoñerseaofinal.
Theplanearrivedat 5 pm.(Oaviónchegouás5p.m.)
Wetalkedtohimlast week.(Falamosconelasemanapasada.)
O Past simple dos verbos irregularesOsverbosirregularesmudanasúaformadepasadoenafirmativa.Nonseguenregraningunhae,poriso,cómpreaprendelosdememoria.
Naspáxinas23-24haiunhalistaxe,eestoutrossontaménalgúnsdosmáiscomúns:
be was / were ser,estar
begin began comezar
do did facer
go went ir
have had ter
hear heard oír,ouvir
read read ler
see saw ver
sing sang cantar
Overboto betendúasformasdesemellantesdepasado.
Afirmativa Negativa Forma contraídaIwas I was not I wasn’tYouwere Youwere not You weren’tHewas He was not He wasn’tShewas She was not She wasn’tItwas It was not It wasn’tWewere We were not We weren’tYouwere You were not You weren’t
Theywere They were not They weren’t
Myfatherwas afirefighter30yearsago.(Meupaifoibombeirohai30anos.)
Weweren’t atthecinemaonWednesday.(Nonestabamosnocinemaomércores.)
InterrogativaRespostas curtasAfirmativa Negativa
Was I...? Yes,I was. No,I wasn’t.Were you...? Yes,you were. No,you weren’t.Was he...? Yes,he was. No,he wasn’t.Was she...? Yes,she was. No,she wasn’t.Was it...? Yes,it was. No,it wasn’t.Were we...? Yes,we were. No,we weren’t.Were you...? Yes,you were. No,you weren’t.
Were they...? Yes,they were. No,they weren’t.
Wherewere youyesterdayevening?(Ondeestabasonteánoite?)
Was hergrandfatheraplumber?Yes,hewas. /No,he wasn’t.(Oseuavóerafontaneiro?Era.Si./Non.)
1818
GrammarAppendix
1919Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
theRe Was / theRe WeRe
Contábeis Non contábeis
Afirmativa There wasatree.There weredishes.
There wassomebutter.
Negativa There wasn’taplant.There weren’tballs.
There wasn’tanymusic.
Interrogativa Was thereachild?Were therepaintings?
Was thereanyrice?
Respostas curtas
Yes,there was./No,there wasn’t.Yes,there were./No,there weren’t.
SonasformasdopasadodeThere iseThere aree,polotanto,significan“Había...”ou“Houbo...”.
• Afirmativa:There wasvaiseguidodenomescontábeisensingularounoncontábeis.There werevaiseguidodenomescontábeisenplural.
• Negativa:There was/There were+apartículanot(There was not/There were not)ouacontracciónn’t(There wasn’t/There weren’t).
• Interrogativa:aspreguntascomezanpoloverboWas / Were+there.
• Respostas curtas:vólveseáordenormalenanegativaempréganseasformascontraídas.
unIt7
O Past CoNtiNUoUsAfirmativa Negativa Forma contraída
Iwas doing I was not doing I wasn’t doing
Youwere doing Youwere not doing You weren’t doing
Hewas doing He was not doing He wasn’t doing
Shewas doing She was not doing She wasn’t doing
Itwas doing It was not doing It wasn’t doing
Wewere doing We were not doing We weren’t doing
Youwere doing You were not doing You weren’t doing
Theywere doing They were not doing They weren’t doing
InterrogativaRespostas curtasAfirmativa Negativa
Was Idoing ...? Yes,I was. No,I wasn’t.
Were youdoing ...? Yes,you were. No,you weren’t.
Was hedoing ...? Yes,he was. No,he wasn’t.
Was shedoing ...? Yes,she was. No,she wasn’t.
Was itdoing ...? Yes,it was. No,it wasn’t.
Were wedoing ...? Yes,we were. No,we weren’t.
Were youdoing ...? Yes,you were. No,you weren’t.
Were theydoing ...? Yes,they were. No,they weren’t.
• Afirmativa:suxeito+was/were+unverborematadoen-ing.
Iwas eating inthediningroom. (Estabaacomernocomedor.)
Asregrasparaengadir-ing atópansenapáxina14.
• Negativa:suxeito+was/were +apartículanotouacontracciónn’t+unverborematadoen-ing.
Youweren’t sleeping inyourbed.(Nonestabasadurmirnatúacama.)
• Interrogativa:Was/Were+suxeito+unverborematadoen-ing.
Wereyoucleaning thebathrooms?(Estabasalimparoscuartosde baño?)
• Respostas curtas:ponseopronomepersoalsuxeito+was / weresencontraerenafirmativaoucontraídocoapartículanotennegativa.
Was hewriting inhisnotebook?Yes,he was./No,he wasn’t.(Estabaaescribirnoseucaderno?Estaba.Si./Non.)
2020Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
GrammarAppendix
Os usos do Past Continuous
Expresarmosoqueestabaaocorrernopasado
Theywere sitting onthesofaat9o’clockthatevening.(Estabansentadosnacadeiradebrazosásnoveenpuntoesanoite.)
Describirmosdúasoumáisacciónsprolongadasesimultáneasnopasado
Wewere watchingafilmandtheywere listeningtomusic.(Estabamosaverunhapelículaeelesestabanaescoitarmúsica.)
unIt8
O FUTURO CON be goiNg to
Afirmativa Forma contraída
Iam going to fly I’m going to fly
Youare going to fly You’re going to fly
He is going to fly He’s going to fly
Sheis going to fly She’s going to fly
Itis going to fly It’s going to fly
Weare going to fly We’re going to fly
Youare going to fly You’re going to fly
Theyare going to fly They’re going to fly
Negativa e forma contraída
Iam not/I’m not going to fly
Youare not/Youaren’t/You’re not going to fly
Heis not/Heisn’t/ He’s not going to fly
Sheis not/Sheisn’t/She’s not going to fly
Itis not/Itisn’t/ It’s not going to fly
Weare not/Wearen’t/We’re not going to fly
Youare not/Youaren’t/You’re not going to fly
Theyare not/Theyaren’t/ They’re not going to fly
InterrogativaRespostas curtasAfirmativa Negativa
AmIgoing to fly? Yes,I am. No,I’m not.
Areyougoing to fly? Yes,you are. No,you aren’t.
Ishegoing to fly? Yes,he is. No,he isn’t.
Isshegoing to fly? Yes,she is. No,she isn’t.
Isitgoing to fly? Yes,it is. No,it isn’t.
Arewegoing to fly? Yes,we are. No,we aren’t.
Areyougoing to fly? Yes,you are. No,you aren’t.
Aretheygoing to fly? Yes,they are. No,they aren’t.
Significa“ir/nonir”+infinitivo.
• Afirmativa:suxeito+to beenpresente+ going to+verbonaformabase.
Timis going to sailonaboatthisafternoon. (Timvainavegarenbarcoestatarde.)
• Negativa:suxeito+ to beenpresente+ not (n’t)+going to+verbonaformabase.
Theyaren’t going to visitIndiasoon. (NonvanirvisitaraIndiaaxiña.)
• Interrogativa:to beenpresente+suxeito+going to+verbonaformabase.
Is shegoing to travelaroundtheworld? (Elavaiviaxararredordomundo?)
• Respostas curtas:ponseopronomepersoalsuxeito+overboto be,sencontraerenafirmativaoucontraídocoapartículanotennegativa.
Are yougoing to gohikingonSunday?Yes,I am./No,I’m not.(Vasirfacersendeirismoodomingo?Vou.Si./Non.)
Os usos do futuro con be going to
Falarmosdeintencións,proxectosouintencións
I’m going to cooksausagesfordinner.(Voucociñarsalchichasparacear.)
Expresarmosoquevaiocorrerporquevemosindiciosdiso
Lookattheclouds!It‘s going to rain.(Miraasnubes!Vaichover!)
• Conbe going toadoitanempregarseasseguintesexpresións temporais:later(máistarde,logo),soon(axiña,nunpouco),this afternoon/evening(estatarde),tonight(estanoite),tomorrow(mañá),in+unano,next week/month/year(asemana/omes/oanoquevén/vindeiro/a),in the future(nofuturo),on+undíadasemanaoudata,etc.Todaspodeniraocomezoouaofinaldafrase,maisadoitanpoñerseaofinal.
I’m going to wearsandalstomorrow. (Voulevarsandaliasmañá.)
Next weekend,Iam going to have aparty.(Avindeirafindesemana,voufacerunhafesta.)
O PReseNt CoNtiNUoUs CON VALOR DE FUTURO• OPresentContinuous(comoxaviunaunidade3)emprégase
paraexpresaroqueestáaocorrernomomentodefalar.Fórmaseconto be+unverborematadoen-ing,edébenseseguirunhasregrasortográficasparaengadiraxeitadamenteesaterminación.
• Pero,ademais,oPresentContinuousten“valordefuturo”poisemprégaseparafalardeacciónsfixadasconantelaciónqueocorreránnofuturopróximo.
MyfamilyandIare movingtoLondonthissummer.(Amiñafamiliaemaiseutrasladámonos/trasladarémonosaLondresesteverán.)
2020
GrammarAppendix
2121Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
• AdiferenzacoPresentContinuousnormalestáenqueoquetenvalordefuturodebelevarunhaexpresióntemporaldefuturoqueindiquecandovaiocorreraacción:this afternoon/evening(estatarde),on+undíadasemanaouunhadata,in+unmesouunano,next week/month(asemana/omesquevén/vindeiro/a),at+unhahora,tomorrow(mañá),in ten minutes(endezminutos),etc.
Theplaneis leavingin two hours.(Oaviónsae/sairáendúashoras.)
unIt9
O FUTURO CON WiLLAfirmativa Forma contraídaIwill win I’ll winYouwill win You’ll winHewill win He’ll winShewill win She’ll winItwill win It’ll winWewill win We’ll winYouwill win You’ll winTheywill win They’ll win
Negativa Forma contraídaIwill not win Iwon’t winYouwill not win Youwon’t winHewill not win Hewon’t winShewill not win Shewon’t winItwill not win Itwon’t winWewill not win Wewon’t winYouwill not win Youwon’t winThey will not win Theywon’t win
InterrogativaRespostas curtasAfirmativa Negativa
WillIwin...? Yes,Iwill. No,Iwon’t.Willyouwin...? Yes,youwill. No,youwon’t.Willhewin...? Yes,hewill. No,hewon’t.Willshewin...? Yes,shewill. No,shewon’t.Willitwin...? Yes,itwill. No,itwon’t.Willwewin...? Yes,wewill. No,wewon’t.Willyouwin...? Yes,youwill. No,youwon’t.Willtheywin...? Yes,theywill. No,theywon’t.
• Afirmativa:suxeito+oauxiliarwill+verbonaformabase.Éigualentodasaspersoas.Naconversa,willcontraecosuxeito(’ll)epronúnciasecomounsó“l”.
Wewill receiveagoodmarkinthetest. (Obteremosunhaboacualificacióinnoexame.)
• Negativa:suxeito+willnotouwon’t +verbonaformabase.
Theywon’t makemistakes. (Elesnoncometeránerros.)
• Interrogativa:Will+suxeito+verbonaformabase.
Willitrain tomorrow?(Choverámañá?)
• Respostas curtas:ponseopronomepersoalsuxeito+willouwon’t.
Willyoucopy thepicturesontoyourlaptopcomputer?Yes,Iwill./No,I won’t.(Copiarásasfotosnoteuordenadorportátil?Copiarei.Si./Non.)
Usos do futuro con will
Predicirmosoquesecrequeocorrerá
Ithinktheywill winthematch.(Coidoquegañaránopartido.)
Expresarmosdecisiónssúpetas
It’scold.I’ll closethewindow.(Vaifrío.Pechareiaventá.)
• Conwilladoitanempregarseexpresións temporais comolater(máistarde,logo),soon(axiña,nunpouco),in an hour(nunhahora),tomorrow(mañá),next week / month / year(asemana/omes/oanoquevén/vindeiro/a),etc.Taménseempreganoutrasquesinalanunfuturoafastado:in ten years(endezanos),in+unano,one day(algúndía),in the future(nofuturo),etc.Todaspodeniraocomezoouaofinaldafrase,maisadoitanpoñerseaofinal.
In the future,wewill onlyreadbooksoncomputers. (Nofuturosóleremoslibrosnosordenadores.)
O PRIMEIRO CONDICIONALEmprégaseparafalarmosdeacciónsqueocorreránsesecumpreacondiciónsinalada.Asoraciónscondicionaisteñendúaspartes:unhaproposiciónsubordinadaqueexpresaacondicióneunhaprincipalquesinalaoresultado.
• Afirmativa:acondición(oraciónsubordinada)exprésaseconif+PresentSimple,eoresultado(oraciónprincipal)adoitairenfuturoconwill.
Seacondiciónvaiprimeiro,ponseunhavírgulaentreaoraciónprincipaleasubordinada.
Ifhegetshomelate,hisparentswill beangry. (Seelchegatardeácasa,osseuspaisenfadaranse.)
Hisparentswill beangryifhegetshomelate. (Osseuspaisenfadaranseseelchegatardeácasa.)
2222Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
GrammarAppendix• Negativa:pódesenegaroverboenpresente,overboen
futuroouambososdous.
Ifshedoesn’tcometoschool,Iwill callher. (Seelanonvénáescola,chamareina.)
Ifshecomes toschool,Iwon’t callher. (Seelavénáescola,nonachamarei.)
Ifshedoesn’t cometoschool,Iwon’t callher. (Seelanonvénáescola,nonachamarei.)
• Interrogativa:Will+suxeito+predicadodaoraciónprincipal+oraciónsubordinada.
WilltheywatchTVif itissunny? (Veránatelevisiónsevaisol?)
• Respostas curtas:ponseopronomepersoalsuxeito+willouwon’t.
Willyouneedanewkeyboardif youbuythiscomputer?Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.(Precisarásunnovotecladosemercasesteordenador?Precisarei.Si./Non.)
2222
IrregularVerbList
2323Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) GALEGObe/VA/ was/were/rFh/rK/ been/VAm/ ser,estarbeat/VAW/ beat/VAW/ beaten/'VAWm/ golpear,baterbecome/VB'YJl/ became/VB'YMl/ become/VB'YJl/ chegaraser,convertersebegin/VB'ZBm/ began/VB'Zæm/ begun/VB'ZJm/ comezarbend/VCmX/ bent/VCmW/ bent/VCmW/ dobrar(se)bet/VCW/ bet/VCW/ bet/VCW/ apostarbite/VOW/ bit/VBW/ bitten/'VBWm/ trabarbleed/VoAX/ bled/VoCX/ bled/VoCX/ sangrarblow/VoLH/ blew/VoI/ blown/VoLHm/ soprarbreak/VpMY/ broke/VpLHY/ broken/'VpLHYLm/ crebar,romperbring/VpBn/ brought/VpGW/ brought/VpGW/ traerbuild/VBoX/ built/VBoW/ built/VBoW/ construírburn/VKm/ burnt/burned/VKmW/VKmX/ burnt/burned/VKmW/VKmX/ queimarbuy/VO/ bought/VGW/ bought/VGW/ mercarcatch/Yæa/ caught/YGW/ caught/YGW/ coller,agarrarchoose/aIh/ chose/aLHh/ chosen/'aLHhm/ elixircome/YJl/ came/YMl/ come/YJl/ vircost/YFgW/ cost/YFgW/ cost/YFgW/ custarcut/YJW/ cut/YJW/ cut/YJW/ cortardig/XBZ/ dug/XJZ/ dug/XJZ/ cavardo/XI/ did/XBX/ done/XJm/ facerdraw/XpG/ drew/XpI/ drawn/XpGm/ debuxardream/XpAl/ dreamt/dreamed/XpClW/XpAlX/ dreamt/dreamed/XpClW/XpAlX/ soñardrink/XpBnY/ drank/XpænY/ drunk/XpJnY/ beberdrive/XpOd/ drove/XpLHd/ driven/'XpBdm/ conducireat/AW/ ate/CBW/ eaten/AWm/ comerfall/cGo/ fell/cCo/ fallen/'cGoLm/ caerfeed/cAX/ fed/cCX/ fed/cCX/ alimentarfeel/cAo/ felt/cCoW/ felt/cCoW/ sentir(se)fight/cOW/ fought/cGW/ fought/cGW/ loitar,pelexarfind/cOmX/ found/cPmX/ found/cPmX/ atoparfly/coO/ flew/coI/ flown/coLHm/ voarforget/cL'ZCW/ forgot/cL'ZFW/ forgotten/cL'ZFWm/ esquecerforgive/cL'ZBd/ forgave/cL'ZMd/ forgiven/cL'ZBdm/ perdoarfreeze/cpAh/ froze/cpLHh/ frozen/'cpLHhm/ conxelar(se)get/ZCW/ got/ZFW/ got/ZFW/ conseguir,acadar;chegargive/ZBd/ gave/ZMd/ given/ZBdm/ dargo/ZN/ went/rCmW/ gone/ZFm/ irgrow/ZpN/ grew/ZpI/ grown/ZpNm/ crecer,medrar;cultivarhang/kæn/ hanged/hung/kænX/kJn/ hanged/hung/kænX/kJn/ pendurarhave/kæd/ had/kæX/ had/kæX/ ter;haberhear/kBL/ heard/kKX/ heard/kKX/ oír,ouvirhide/kOX/ hid/kBX/ hidden/'kBXm/ agocharhit/kBW/ hit/kBW/ hit/kBW/ golpear,bater,pegarhold/kNoX/ held/kCoX/ held/kCoX/ suxeitar,termardehurt/kKW/ hurt/kKW/ hurt/kKW/ ferir,mancar;doerkeep/YAU/ kept/YCUW/ kept/YCUW/ gardar,manterknow/mN/ knew/mqI/ known/mNm/ saber,coñecerlay/oCB/ laid/oCBX/ laid/oCBX/ poñer,pór;estenderlead/oAX/ led/oCX/ led/oCX/ guiar,conducir
2424Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
IrregularVerbListBASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) GALEGO
learn/oKm/ learnt/learned/oKmW/oKmX/ learnt/learned/oKmW/oKmX/ aprenderleave /oAd/ left/oCcW/ left/oCcW/ deixar;marchar,irse,saírlend/oCmX/ lent/oCmW/ lent/oCmW/ emprestarlet/oCW/ let/oCW/ let/oCW/ permitir,deixarlie/oO/ lay/oCB/ lain/oCBm/ tombarse,deitarselie/oO/(regularverb) lied/oOX/ lied/oOX/ mentirlight/oOW/ lit/oBW/ lit/oBW/ acender,prenderlose/oIh/ lost/oFgW/ lost/oFgW/ perdermake/lCBY/ made/lCBX/ made/lCBX/ facer,fabricarmean/lAm/ meant/lCmW/ meant/lCmW/ significar,quererdicirmeet/lAW/ met/lCW/ met/lCW/ coñecera;xuntarse/ quedarconpay/UM/ paid/UMX/ paid/UMX/ pagarput/UHW/ put/UHW/ put/UHW/ poñer,pórread/pAX/ read/pCX/ read/pCX/ lerride/pOX/ rode/pLHX/ ridden/'pBXm/ montarring/pBn/ rang/pæn/ rung/pJn/ chamar,telefonarrise/pOh/ rose/pLHh/ risen/'pBhm/ elevarse,erguerserun/pJm/ ran/pæm/ run/pJm/ corrersay/gM/ said/gCX/ said/gCX/ dicirsee/gA/ saw/gG/ seen/gAm/ versell/gCo/ sold/gLHoX/ sold/gLHoX/ vendersend/gCmX/ sent/gCmW/ sent/gCmW/ enviarset/gCW/ set/gCW/ set/gCW/ colocarshake/iMY/ shook/iHY/ shaken/'iMYLm/ axitarshine/iOm/ shone/iFm/ shone/iFm/ brillar,escintilarshoot/iIW/ shot/iFW/ shot/iFW/ dispararshow/iLH/ showed/iLHX/ shown/iLHm/ amosar,ensinarshut/iJW/ shut/iJW/ shut/iJW/ pecharsing/gBn/ sang/gæn/ sung/gJn/ cantarsink/gBnY/ sank/gænY/ sunk/gJnY/ afundirsit/gBW/ sat/gæW/ sat/gæW/ sentarsleep/goAU/ slept/goCUW/ slept/goCUW/ durmirsmell/glCo/ smelt/smelled/glCoW/glCoX/ smelt/smelled/glCoW/glCoX/ ulir,cheirarspeak/gUAY/ spoke/gULHY/ spoken/gULHYLm/ falarspell/gUCo/ spelt/spelled/gUCoW/gUCoX/ spelt/spelled/gUCoW/gUCoX/ soletrearspend/gUCmX/ spent/gUCmW/ spent/gUCmW/ gastar;pasar(tempo)stand/gWæmX/ stood/gWHX/ stood/gWHX/ estarapésteal/gWAo/ stole/gWLHo/ stolen/'gWLHoLm/ roubarstick/gWBY/ stuck/gWJY/ stuck/gWJY/ pegarsweep/grAU/ swept/grCUW/ swept/grCUW/ varrerswim/grBl/ swam/græl/ swum/grJl/ nadartake/WMY/ took/WHY/ taken/'WMYLm/ coller;levarteach/WAa/ taught/WGW/ taught/WGW/ ensinartear/WCL/ tore/WG/ torn/WGm/ rachar,esgazartell/WCo/ told/WLHoX/ told/WLHoX/ dicir,contarthink/eBnY/ thought/eGW/ thought/eGW/ coidar,pensarthrow/epN/ threw/epI/ thrown/epNm/ tirar;guindar,lanzarunderstand/JmXC'gWæmX/ understood/JmXC'gWHX/ understood/JmXC'gWHX/ comprender,entenderwakeup/rMY'JU/ wokeup/rLHY'JU/ wokenup/rLHYLm'JU/ espertarwear/rCL/ wore/rG/ worn/rGm/ levarposto,vestirwin/rBm/ won/rJm/ won/rJm/ gañarwrite/pOW/ wrote/pLHW/ written/'pBWm/ escribir
2525Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
WritingGuide
A PUNTUACIÓN (Punctuation)
•Opunto(.)vaiaofinaldasoraciónsafirmativasenegativas.
Therearesmallstrawberries.Thereisn’tanycoldmilk.
•Avírgula(,)emprégaseparasepararmospalabrasouideas.Poloxeralnonsepondiantedeand.
Thereareeggs,bananasandoranges.•Osinaldeinterrogación(?)ponsesóaofinaldas
preguntas.
Isthereanywhiterice?Arethereanyhotdogs?
•Osinaldeexclamación(!)taménseponsóaofinaldafraseeserveparaexpresarmosunhaemociónouunsentimentoeparafacerfincapéenalgo.
ThisJapanesemealisdelicious!
A ORDE DAS PALABRAS: SUXEITO - VERBO (Word order: Subject – Verb)
Osuxeitodaoraciónponsediantedoverbo.
Lionsarebig.Sheistall. s v s v
Maisnaspreguntas,overbovaidiantedosuxeito.
Arelionsbig?Isshetall? v s v s
A ORDE DAS PALABRAS: OS ADXECTIVOS (Word order: Adjectives)
Poloxeralvandiantedosnomes.
fatcatsdeliciousfood adj n adj n
Etaméndetrásdoverboto be.
Thesecatsarefat.Thisfoodisdelicious. v adj v adj
A ORDE DAS PALABRAS: OS ADVERBIOS (Word order: Adverbs)
•Osadverbiosdeintensidadeedemodovandetrásdoverbo.Osdeintensidadevandiantedosdemodo.
Youcanswimquitequickly.
•Osadverbiosdefrecuenciavandiantedoverbonasoraciónsafirmativas.
Shenevereatsmeat. adv v Maisseoverboéto be,oadverbiovaidetrás. Heisoftentired. v adv
•Reparaenquecomprendesotemasobreoquevasescribir.
•Faiunhalistaxedeideasrelacionadasconesetemaeanotatodasasquesecheocorransenpreocupartepolagramáticaninpolaortografía.
•Logoleesalistaxedeideaseelixeasimportantes.
Unparágrafodivídeseentrespartes:
•Olimiar,introduciónouprimeiraoración(opening sentence),quepresentaotema.
•Odesenvolvementooucorpo(body of the paragraph),queamplíaaideaprincipalconinformaciónimportante.
•Aconclusiónouderradeiraoración(closing sentence),queresumeotemaerepiteaideaprincipalconoutraspalabras.
opening sentenceI’vegotanewfriendatschool.
HernameisCathyandshe’sfromthe
USA.She’sshortandshe’sgotlong
blackhairandbig,browneyes.She’s
reallynice.Shelovesreadingand
she’salwaysgotgreatstoriestotell.
EveryoneintheclasslikesCathy.
body of paragraph
closing sentence
adverbofdegree adverbofmanner
ANTES DE ESCRIBIRMOS >> Brainstorming
ORGANIZA A TÚA REDACCIÓN >> Organising your writing
REPASA O ESCRITO >> Checking your work
2626Advanced Real English 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
Writing Guide
AS MAIÚSCULAS (Capital letters)
Escríbenseconmaiúscula:
•osnomesetítulosdepersoas:WendyJames,MsJulieClark,DrMoore
•osnomesdelugarescomocidades,países,continentes,edificiosfamosos,museos,etc.:Rome,France,Asia,BuckinghamPalace,theMetropolitanMuseum
•asnacionalidades:Chinese,Italian,English
•osdías:Tuesday,Thursday,Saturday
•osmeses:September,January,July
•aprimeirapalabradunhaoración:WeliveinNewYork.
•opronomepersoalI:Iplayfootballeveryday.
•osidiomas:French,Russian,Portuguese
•aspalabrasimportantesdostítulosdelibrosepelículas,cancións,festividadesexogosdeordenador.
TheLordoftheRings
Avatar
SayaPrayer
Easter
SimCity
OS CONECTORES DE SECUENCIA (Connectors of Sequence)
Aocontarmosunhaseriedefeitosempregamosestaspalabrasparaamosaraordeenqueocorreron:
•first(primeiro,enprimeirolugar)
•then(logo,daquela,entón)
•next(acontinuación,deseguido)
•finally(finalmente,pararematar)
Thursdaywasagreatday.First,Igot100%inmyEnglishtest.Then,Greginvitedmetoaparty.Next,myclasswonthefootballmatch.Finally,intheeveningmyparentsandIwenttoaChineserestaurantfordinner.Thursdaywasaspecialday.
AS CONXUNCIÓNS (Linking words)
Sonpalabrasqueunendúasoumáisideas.
•and(e)unedúasoraciónsouideas.
Thearmchairisblueandthesofaispurple.
•but(mais,pero)unedúasideascontraditoriasentresi.
IlikethelampbutIdon’tlikethecarpet.
• because (porque)dáarazónoucausadalgunhacousa.
Ilikethepillowsbecausepinkisahappycolour.
AS PREPOSICIÓNS DE TEMPO (Prepositions of Time)
Emprégansedistintaspreposiciónsdiantedashoraseosperíodosdefesta,osdíaseasdatas,osmeses,osanoseaspartesdodía.Émoiimportantequesaibasempregaracorrectaencadaundoscasos.Préstalleatenciónaestesexemplos:•at +horas: atfiveo’clock
+festividades: atChristmas
•on +díasdasemana: onThursday
+datas: on21stOctober onChristmasDay
•in +meses: inMay
+estacións: inspring
+anos: in2018
+partesdodía: intheafternoon
Agás: attheweekend atnight
AS PARTES DO CORREO ELECTRÓNICO (Parts of an e-mail)
Uncorreoelectrónicodebeincluírestaspartesademaisdodesenvolvemento:
•oenderezodecorreoelectrónicododestinatario
•oasuntodocorreoelectrónico:otemaouarazónpolaqueseescribe
•osaúdo:inclúeonomedodestinatario
•adespedida:estaexpresiónvaidespoisdodesenvolvementoeantesdonomedequenescribe.
Recommended