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Pasado Simple - (Simple Past Tense)El Pasado Simple es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir acciones que han sucedido en un tiempo anterior y que ya han finalizado, por ejemplo:
She cleaned her house. Ella limpió su casa.I broke the window. Yo rompí la ventana.
Aquí vemos su conjugación que en el español equivale al Pretérito Indefinido. Observa que la estructura de la oración es similar a la del Presente Simple:
Tanto en la forma interrogativa como en negativa se utiliza como auxiliarDID que es la forma pasada del verbo "TO DO" y acompaña al verbo principal en su forma infinitiva. En las negaciones puede utilizarse la forma contraída de DID NOT o sea DIDN'T. En el cuadro superior se emplea el verbo To Play (Jugar) a modo de ejemplo.
Al expresar una oración en Pasado Simple se entiende que la acción no guarda relación con el presente, como vemos en los siguientes casos:
He lost the keys. Él perdió las llaves.(Puede que en el presente las haya
encontrado).
She lent me a book. Ella me prestó un libro.(Puede que ya se lo haya devuelto).
También es posible indicar el momento en que se desarrolla la acción para indicar el tiempo con mayor precisión:
They saw the movie last night. Ellos vieron la película anoche.
We went to London yesterday. Nosotros fuimos a Londres ayer.
Para poder formar una oración en tiempo pasado debemos distinguir dostipos: VERBOS REGULARES y VERBOS IRREGULARES.
En el primero de los casos forman su Pasado Simple añadiendo la terminación ED al infinitivo, mientras que los irregulares reciben ese nombre por no seguir un patrón determinado y en este caso deben estudiarse individualmente.
Verbos IrregularesEn el siguiente cuadro les ofrecemos algunos de los verbos irregularesdel idioma inglés utilizados con más frecuencia. Se denominan irregulares porque no siguen una regla determinada para construir su pasado por lo que deben estudiarse de
memoria. Veremos que en la columna central se encuentra el infinitivo y el presente, ambos tienen la misma forma salvo que el infinitivo va precedido por la partícula TO.
ESPAÑOL INFINITIVO /PRESENTE SIMPLE PASADO SIMPLE
Comenzar To begin beganApostar To bet betMorder To bite bitRomper To break broke
Construir To build builtComprar To buy bought
Elegir To choose choseCortar To cut cutDibujar To draw drewBeber To drink drankComer To eat ateOlvidar To forget forgotObtener To get got
Dar To give gaveIr Tp go went
Oír To hear heardSaber To know knew
Aprender To learn learntPagar To pay paidCorrer To run ran
Ver To see sawCantar To sing sangOler To smell smelt
Hablar To speak spokeBarrer To sweep sweptNadar To swim swamDecir To tell told
Comprender To understand understoodGanar To win won
Escribir To write wrote
ESPAÑOL INFINITIVO /PRESENTE SIMPLE PASADO SIMPLE
Atrapar To catch caughtTraer To bring broughtSoplar To blow blewVestir To clothe clothedCortar To cut cut
Conducir To drive droveCaer To fall fell
Encontrar To find foundVolar To fly flew
Perdonar To forgive forgaveCrecer To grow grewColgar To hang hungHerir To hurt hurt
Prestar To lend lentPerder To lose lost
Alquilar To rent rentedLeer To read read
Vender To sell soldEnviar To send sentCoser To sew sewedBrillar To shine shoneDormir To sleep sleptMostrar To show showed
Deletrear To spell speltApestar To stink stankPensar To think thoughtJurar To swear swore
Enseñar To teach taughtTomar/Llevar To take took
Disparar To shoot shotSembrar To sow sowedGastar To spend spentEscupir To spit spat
Usar To wear woreDespertarse To wake woke
ESPAÑOL INFINITIVO /PRESENTE SIMPLE PASADO SIMPLE
Golpear/derrotar To beat beat
Doblar To bend bentAtar To bind bound
Sangrar To bleed bledQuemar To burn burntExplotar To burst burst
Venir To come cameCostar To cost costHacer To do did
Alimentar To feed fedSentir To feel felt
Prohibir To forbid forbadeTener/haber To have hadMantener To keep kept
Tejer To knit knitFabricar To make madePoner To put put
Montar To ride rodeDecir To say saidAgitar To shake shookHundir To sink sankCortar To slit slit
Acelerar To speed spedRobar To steal stole
Aguantar To stand stoodRasgar To tear toreArrojar To throw threw
Congelar To freeze frozeMojar To wet wet
Despertar To wake wokeRetorcer To wring wrungProsperar To thrive throveEncoger To shrink shrankCerrar To shut shutGuiar To lead led
ESPAÑOL INFINITIVO /PRESENTE SIMPLE PASADO SIMPLE
Llegar a ser To become becameRetransmitir To broadcast broadcast
Regañar To chide chidDesafiar To dare durstCavar To dig dugLuchar To fight foughtArrojar To fling flung
Esconder To hide hidSostener To hold heldInclinar To lean leantDejar To leave left
Echarse To lie laySignificar To mean meant
Encontrarse To meet metEliminar To rid rid
Subir To rise roseBuscar To seek soughtPoner To set set
Esquilar To shear shoreCerrar To shut shut
Sentarse To sit satMatar To slay slew
Resbalar To slide slidGolpear To hit hit
Derramar To spill spiltExtender To spread spreadHincar To stick stuckPicar To sting stung
Diseminar To strew strewedEsforzarse To strive stroveHinchar To swell swelled
Balancearse To swing swungPisar To tread trod
Acometer To undertake undertookDar cuerda To wind wound
ESPAÑOL INFINITIVO /PRESENTE SIMPLE PASADO SIMPLE
Surgir To come up came up
Aguantar To stand stoodEstar afligido To grieve grieved
Ordenar To bid badeEngendrar To breed bred
Arrojar/Lanzar To throw away threw awayAgarrarse To cling clung
Deslizarse sigilosamente To creep creptTratar con To deal dealt
Soñar To dream dreamtHabitar To live in lived inEscapar To run away ran awayMoler To grind ground
Desistir To stop stoppedArrodillarse To kneel knelt
Colocar To lay laidGuiar To lead led
Brincar To leap leaptPermitir To let letEncender To light lit
Segar To mow mowedSonar To ring rang
Perder (hojas) To shed shedHerrar To shoe shod
Lanzar con fuerza To sling slungDar vueltas To spin spun
Dividir To split splitSaltar To spring sprang
Levantarse To stand stoodGolpear To strike struck
Colgar algo To string strungLanzar adelante To thrust thrust
Acometer To undertake undertookAndar a zancadas To stride strode
Sujetar con cinturón To fasten fastened
Simple Past: Negatives and Questions
Introduction
In the simple past tense, negative and question forms are made using the auxiliary verb "do" (in its past form, "did") followed by the simple form of the main verb. This page explains the rules.
1. Forming a negative
Negatives in the simple past are formed by adding didn't (informal) or did not (formal) before the simple form of the verb. The verb BE is an exception to this; in the case of BE, we just add n't (informal) or not (formal) after "was" or "were":
Simple past statement Informal negative Formal negative
I had a car. I didn't have a car. I did not have a car.
You ate my toast. You didn't eat my toast. You did not eat my toast.
He was here yesterday. He wasn't here yesterday. He was not here yesterday.
They were in the park. They weren't in the park. They were not in the park.
2. Forming a yes/no question
Yes/no questions are also created using the auxiliary did. This time, the auxiliary is placed before the subject. The verb BE is an exception; in this case, we move BE before the subject. Here are the rules:
Simple past statement Yes/no question
He brought his friend. Did he bring his friend?
They had a party. Did they have a party?
You were here. Were you here?
She was sick. Was she sick?
3. Forming a WH- question
WH- questions (using words such as "what", "when", and "where") are also created by putting the auxiliary did before the subject (or moving BE, as explained above). Then, you add the WH- word at the beginning. Here are some examples:
Statement Yes/no question WH- question
The building fell down. Did the building fall down? Why did the building fall down?
They lived in Vancouver. Did they live in Vancouver? Where did they live?
The store was closed. Was the store closed? Why was the store closed?
They were wolves. Were they wolves? What were they?
When you are sure that you understand the lesson, you can continue with the exercises.
Continue with the exercises
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/pastnq.htm
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/pastnq3.htm
The Past Simple Tense
(also called the simple past tense)
(Click here to learn about how to USE the past simple)
It's similar to the present simple because it has different rules for the verb 'be', which becomes 'was' or 'were':
The Past Simple with 'be'
Here's how to make the positive:
Positive with 'be'
I was cold
you were tired
he was in the garden
she was late
it was sunny
we were on holiday
they were hungry
To make the negative with 'be', just add 'not':
Negative with 'be' Negative Short Form
I was not sleepy I wasn't sleepy
you were not on the bus you weren't on the bus
he was not at school he wasn't at school
she was not beautiful she wasn't beautiful
it was not cold it wasn't cold
we were not at work we weren't at work
they were not tired they weren't tired
Here's an exercise to practise the positive and negative forms with 'be'
To make a question, just like the present simple, we change the position of 'was / were' and the subject.
Here are the past simple 'yes / no' questions with 'be':
'Yes / No' Questions with 'Be'
was I sleepy?
were you late?
was he at the cinema?
was she kind?
was it hot?
were we hungry?
were they at work?
And the 'wh' questions with 'be' (the question word just goes at the beginning, everything else is the same):
'Wh' Questions with 'Be'
why was I sleepy?
where were you?
when was he at the cinema?
how was she?
how was it?
why were we hungry?
when were they at work?
And here's an exercise for 'wh' and 'yes / no' questions
Here's another exercise with 'be' (this time it's all forms - positive, negative and questions)
The Past Simple (Simple Past) with Other Verbs
We make the past simple just like the present simple except we use 'did' instead of 'do / does'. It's really easy because 'did' doesn't change, even with 'he / she / it'.
The positive:
We usually make the positive by adding '-ed' to the infinitive. For example, 'play' becomes 'played'. However, there are some irregular verbs, for example 'go' becomes 'went' and 'ran' becomes 'run'.
(Here's some help if you are not sure how to pronounce '-ed' at the end of a verb).
Positive with Other Verbs
I walked (regular)
you played (regular)
he cooked (regular)
she listened (regular)
it rained (regular)
we ate (irregular)
they drank (irregular)
Click here for a list of 50 common irregular verbs (PDF file)
Click here for an exercise about irregular verbs in this verb tense
Click here for another irregular verb exercise
In the negative there aren't any irregular verbs. All verbs use 'did not (didn't) + infinitive':
Negative Negative Short Form
I did not walk I didn't walk
you did not play you didn't play
he did not cook he didn't cook
she did not listen she didn't listen
it did not rain it didn't rain
we did not eat we didn't eat
they did not drink they didn't drink
Here's an exercise about the negative form
Questions are also very easy. Just put 'did' before the subject, and the infinitive after it.
Here are the 'yes / no' questions:
'Yes / No' Questions
did I walk?
did you play?
did he cook?
did she listen?
did it rain?
did we eat?
did they drink?
And here's an exercise about 'yes / no' questions
To make a 'wh' question, of course, put the question word at the beginning of the sentence:
'Wh' Questions
where did I go?
what did you play?
what did he cook?
why did she listen?
when did it rain?
where did we eat?
how did they travel?
And here's an exercise about 'wh' questions
Here are some exercises about making all the forms:Mixed Exercise 1Mixed Exercise 2Mixed Exercise 3Mixed Exercise 4
Click here to learn about when we use this tense
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple.html
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