qarTvelobis gadasarCenad

# 9 (79) 7 aprili 2009 s a x alxo mo Zr ao b a “ “s a m e gr elos “ org a no 5 0 T eTri

9-10

amis

dakargvis,

an

daviwyebis

ufleba

arc russa

aqvs da arc

qarTvels!

samegrelos

saamayo

Svilebi

istoriuli masalebi

nawyvetebi v.veliCkos

wignidan "kavkasia"

mafalu aris jgu-

fi, romelic cdilobs

zepir gadmocemaTa

legendebiT da sx-

vagvar salarod poezi-

is Sevsebas mecniere-

bisaTvis da es cil-

iswameba, romelic mi-

aweres am jgufs sru-

liad usafuZvlod

sinamdvilis gadaWar-

bebiT gaugiaT.

m a f a l u

xsovnis striqonebi

nawyvetebs megrul enaze Seqmnili istoriuli poemidan “bu-laTia”, romlis avtori gaxlavT Tavdadebuli mamuliSvili

da WeSmariti poeti daniel pavles Ze fifia, gTavazobTgazeT “ilorSi”. 113-e weli ileva poetis dabadebidan. igi 28wlis asakSi Seiwira politikurma uamindobam _ samSoblossiyvaruliT gamsWvaluli gulanTebuli patrioti 1924 wlis

TebervalSi daapatimres imis gamo, rom saqarTvelosdemokratiuli respublikis arsebobis dros iyo zugdidissamazro komitetis pasuxismgebeli propagandisti. dapatim-

rebisas daniel fifia Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-sitetis mesame kursze swavlobda.

8

akaki xorava

samegrelo

1990-ian

wlebSi

daviT qobalia

4

6

5

redaqtoris gverdi

S i S i

gazeTi “ilori”

aqveynebs werilebis

cikls, romelic

asaxavs fexburTSi

msoflio

Cempionatebis

finalur bataliebs.

12

2

3ra scenariTecdebaxelisufleba9 aprilis aqciebisganeitralebas

vin da ratom

ebrZvis

patriarqs? 7

“urwmuno

adamiani

martoobisas

mxolod

sikvdilze

fiqrobs... ”

11

2 ilorimarTlac didi Zala hqonia SiSs,

ufro sworad _ didi Tvalebi!

omaxianad iyvnen, vidre xalxis

aSkara risxvas waawydebodnen, poli-

tikuri TamaSebi xalxTan TamaSad

gadaaqcies, rac SeiZleba Zalian Zvi-

rad daujdeT “nacionalebsa” da maT

liders.

yovelgvari resursi amoewura

xelisuflebas, saqurdavic araferi

darCaT da didi siamovnebiT wavi-

dodnen xelisuflebidan, magram Tavisi

garemocvis tyved qceuli prezidenti

verasodes gadadgams aseT nabijs,

radgan upirvelesad is garemocva

mouRebs bolos, romelic prezidentSi

naqurdal-naoxralis SerCenis er-

TaderT garants xedavs.

amitom, saakaSvilisagan Tundac io-

tisodena politikuri daTmoba mas

SeiZleba Zvirad daujdes.

amitom, erTmaneTs SiSiT Sescqerian

prezidenti da misi garemocva _ gage-

baSi ar arian, Tu pirvelad vin vis

uRalatebs da Tavis gadasarCenad

qveynidan gadaixveweba.

rogorc eqimebi a,tkiceben, SiSis el-

dam Turme kuWis aSla icis. albaT

amitomac gaxda Zneli saSovni afTi-

aqebSi kuWis aSlilobis uebari wa-

mali _ leomicetini.

xumroba iqiT iyos da, xelisu-

flebis did Tu patara warmomadgen-

lebs aSkarad etyobaT SiSis zafra,

radgan yoveli maTi satelevizio

gamosvla Tu sxvadasxva donis fi-

arkampania faqtiurad Tavis marTle-

baa da xalxisadmi Txovna, rom kidev

miscen dro mdgomareobis gamosas-

woreblad. Tumca, ukve eqvsi weliwadi

gailia “vardebis revoluciis” gziT

maTi xelisuflebaSi mosvlis dRidan

da xalxisa da qveynisaTvis sasarge-

blo da xelsayreli araferi gakeTe-

bula.

pensiebi gavzardeTo! _ gaiZaxian

“nacebi”.

ki batono, pensiebi da Semweobebi 20-

30 procentiT gazardes, magram mini-

maluri samomxmareblo kalaTis Rire-

buleba rom TiTqmis 80 procentiT

gaizarda, amaze krints ar sZraven.

xalxi jer kidev Cumadaa, radgan

moTminebis fiala sabolood ar avse-

bia. TviTkmayofili “nacmoebi” ki

Tvlian, rom sazogadoeba verafers xe-

davs da Zveleburi SemarTebiT

agrZeleben qveynis yvlefa-gaCanagebas.

Tumca, xelisufalT xalxis siCumisac

eSiniaT, amitom, ganrisxebuli Tanamo-

qalaqeebisagan Tavi dasacavad rom ve-

raferi moifiqres, saqarTvelos par-

lamentis Senobis pirveli da meore

sarTulis fanjrebs rkinis cxaureb-

Si svamen, aqaoda, aRelvebuli xalxi

parlamentSi ar Semogvicvivdes da ar

gagvrekono.

ician, rom Zalovnebi kvlavindebu-

rad aRar aRmarTaven xels ganrisxe-

bul adamianebze da axla rac Sei-

Zleba Rrma soroebs Txrian sakuTari

ubadruki saxelisuflebo yofis

gasaxangrZliveblad. upirvelesad,

Tanamoqalaqeebs sTxoven qveyanaSi

politikuri stabilurobis dacvas.

saqarTvelos samarcxvino xelisu-

flebis mentalitetidan gamomdinare,

xalxisadmi simSvidisaken mowodeba

aseT JReradobas iZens: “me mogparav da

gagaRatakeb, Sen ki xma ar amoiRo,

Toren qveyana airevao!”.

magram, rogorc Cveni didi winapari

ambobda, “SiSi ver ixsnia sikvdilsa...”

sikvdilis SiSi (ara aqvs mniSvnelo-

ba _ politikuri Tu fiziologiuri)

ar asvenebs xelisufals Sin da gareT.

amitom, qveynis pirveli piris pirad us-

afrTxoebas sakmaod didi SeiaraRebu-

li qvedanayofi icavs. is dro

maxsendeba, roca saqarTvelos kom-

partiis cekas pirveli mdivani vasil

mJavanaZe fexiT dadioda samsaxurSi

yovelgvari dacvis gareSe da mowi-

webiT esalmeboda Semxvedr adamianebs.

Semdeg, roca saqarTvelos Tavze

wamoaskupda saakaSvilis sulieri mama

da politikuri orientiri eduard Se-

vardnaZe, man icoda rom, rogorc

politikuri figura arafers ar war-

moadgenda da dacvis specialuri

korteJi ramdenime manqanamde gazarda,

riTac xalxs imis iluzia Seuqmna, rom

raxan SevardnaZes ase gaZlierebulad

icaven, saWiro da aucilebeli kaciao.

dResac am inerciiT modis sax-

elmwifo aparati _ rac ufro meti

xalxi gicavs, miT ufro sWirdebi

qveyanas. magram, is aRar axsendebaT, rom

joxs ori bolo aqvs da xalxmravali

dacva meorenairi logikiT imas niSnavs,

rom didad miuRebeli da sazizRari

pirovneba xar qarTveli xalxis Tval-

Si da aRelvebulma adamianebma sadme

rom ar migasrison, amitomac gWirdeba

amdeni SeiaraRebuli damcveli.

axla ki, aRar ician romel kedels

ecnen, da xalxis mosalodnel risxvas

xan ruseTis politikas miusadageben

xolme _ aqaoda, ruseTma uari Tqva

saqarTvelos samxedro intervenci-

aze da axla cdilobs, rom Sidasax-

elmwifoebrivi ryevebis meSveobiT

gamocvalos xelisuflebao. is ki

aviwydebaT, rom saqarTveloSi yvelaze

didi ekonomikuri investori swored

ruseTia da investors araviTar

SemTxvevaSi ar aZlevs xels destabi-

lizacia im qveyanaSi, romlis

ekonomikaSi milionobiT saxsrebi aqvs

dabandebuli.

sokrates mowafe antisTenes Turme

sicocxlis bolos raRac avadmyofo-

ba stanjavda. mis mosanaxuleblad

misul megobrebs erTxel Turme Sek-

iTxviT mimarTa:

_ vin gamanTavisuflebs tanjvis-

agan?

erTma megobarma usityvod gauwoda

xanjali. antisTenem upasuxa:

_ me gTxoveT tanjvisagan da ara

sicocxlisagan ganTavisufleba.

saqarTvelos arc mTlad qarTuli

suliskveTebis mqone “nacionaluri

moZraobis” liderebis, friad saeWvo

qarTuli eTnikuri warmomavlobis

mqone adamianebis gadamkideebs gveCvene-

ba, rom TiTqmis yvela axlobeli Tu

Soreuli “megobari” saqarTvelos xan-

jals uwvdis.

samwuxarod, es paradoqsi ukve re-

aluri faqtia, radgan, profesor Tamaz

buTxuzis sityvebisa ar iyos, “nebis-

mieri civiluri qveynis moqalaqe, Cveni

moqalaqisgan TiTqos arafriTaa

gamorCeuli, arc SemoqmedebiT, arc

Sinagani pitencialiT da arc tem-

peramentiT; Tumca, maTi erToba _ sazo-

gadoeba, CvenTvis dRemde saocnebo

sistemas qmnis. Cven ki...”

genialuri gaTvla gaakeTes Se-

vardnaZem da misma damqaSebma, roca

saqarTvelos prezidentis postze Sem-

cvlelisa da maTi xelSeuxeblobis

garantis Zebnisas gaTvla swored mix-

eil saakaSvilze gaakeTes. maT kargad

icodnen, rom saakaSvili arafriT iyo

gamorCeuli, piriqiT, saqarTvelos

xelisuflebis iusticiis ministrad

yofnisas mis mier gakeTebulma skan-

dalurma gancxadebebma garkveuli

damokidebuleba Camoayalibes saaka-

Svilis mimarT, romelic erT sam-

Tavrobo sxdomaze saqarTvelos prezi-

dentis maSindelma mrCevelma Temur

mirianaSvilma arc Tu mTlad lamazi

SedarebebiT moixsenia.

Turme raoden didi simarTle uTq-

vams maSin baton Temurs, Cven ki es

sabediswero gafrTxileba yurad ar

viReT, gabrazebuli kacis Sefasebad

CavTvaleT, ubralod, gavicineT da

saakaSvilis mier gakeTebuli uamravi

arakoreqtuli gamonaTqvami davivi-

wyeT, rac Semdeg Zalian Zviradac

dagvijda,

yovelive es qmnida imis realur

safrTxes, rom mixeil saakaSvils

saqarTvelos mosaxleoba prezidentad

ar moisurvebda, amitom, ZiriTadi aq-

centi gaakeTes sandra rulovsze,

imaze, rom am holandielma qalbaton-

ma mokle vadebSi iswavla qarTuli da

megruli enebi, rac sakmarisi Seiqmna

imisaTvis, rom “vardebis revoluciis”

talRa swored samegrelodan _ walen-

jixis raionidan agorebuliyo.

ki vWameT megrelebma maSin es sir-

cxvili, magram, megrelebi rom mets aRar

motyuvdebian, es kargad ician saakaSvil-

ma da misma garemocvam da amitom axla

saerTod aRar aTamaSeben maT mTavar

kozirs _ qalbaton sandra rulovss.

nacvlad imisa, rom amerikaSi gan-

swavlul saakaSvils da mis evropel

meuRles saqarTveloSi civiluri

evropuli Rirebulebebis danergvaze

ezrunaT, maT kidev ufro dabla daswies

socialuri azrovnebis done.

SemotaniT ki Semoitanes, magram

ara civilizaciis mowinave meTodebi,

aramed yviTeli holandiuri avto-

busebi, xalxi rom “sandrabusebs”

eZaxis, vinasidan es biznesi, romelmac

didi mogeba moutana mis organiza-

torebs, swored pirveli ledis ojax-

is wevrebis sakuTreba gaxldaT.

ai, amitom eSinia xalxis risxvis

saakaSvilsa da mis garemocvas!

antikuri droidan dRemde, Zveli

egviptidan dawyebuli da iaponiiT

damTavrebuli, anu yvela drosa da

sivrceSi, saRad, racionalurad

moazrovne, Tavisi qveynis keTil-

dReobaze mofiqral adamianTa Ziri-

Tadi problema iyo da aris iseTi

sazogadoebis, saxelmwifos Seqmna,

romelic am qveynis nebismier mo-

qalaqeSi interess aamaRlebs da, rac

mTavaria, adamians pirovnul Tavisu-

flebas mianiWebs. amitom cdilobdnen

isini iseTi kanonebis Seqmnas, rom-

lebic Sinaganad Tavisufali adamia-

nis keTil nebas Seesabameboda. es

kanonebi Sesrulebadi, bunebis kanon-

zomierebasTan SeTavsebadi unda

yofiliyo, anu sociumis SesaZleblo-

bis farglebSi Cateuliyo.

waakiTxeT es striqonebi saqarTve-

los mTavrobis wevrebs, romlebic

saqarTvelos pirveli aRmSeneblis

statuss epotinebian da Tu mravali

maTgani raimes gaugebs mas, xels

davdebT mosaWrelad.

gaunaTleblobas saakaSvils namdvi-

lad ver daswameb, magram saeWvoa

icodes patriotis Segoneba imis

Taobaze, rom qveynis siZliere, sikeTe

sociumis safuZvlis Seqmna-

damkvidrebazea damokidebuli.

misma xelisuflebam ki imdeni

ukanonoba Caidina, rom sasinlad eSinia

xalxis risxvisa, radgan icis, rom

adamianebi odnavadac ar endobian Ta-

vianT xelisuflebas. amitom midian

saxelisuflebo wreebi yovelnair in-

sinuaciebze.

ramdenime wlis win qarTuli presa

werda, rom erTxel, foTSi yofnisas,

saakaSvili Turme daZrul

troleibuss Seaxta. aqoSinebuli

dacvis biWebi Zlivs daewivnen

troleibuss.

_ Tena WiWe xanga xom vare (es cota

giJi xom ar aris)? _ gadaulaparaka

Turme erTma foTelma meores da

troleibusis kars mifarebuli

saakaSvilis fexebs gaayola Tvali.

_ WiWe qordasn, mu miWira (cota rom

iyos, ra gviWirda)?

ase iyo, ase aris, ase iqneba...

xalxsac eSinia Tavisi prezidenti-

sa, magram, es is SiSi ar aris, romel-

ic “siyvaruls Seiqms”. es aris imis

SiSi, rom saakaSvilma kidev raime

samxedro avantiura ar wamoiwyos da

saqarTvelos darCenili teritoriebic

ar gadaulocos sxvebs.

didi SiSi patara SiSebs badebs.

eSiniaT megrelebis, vai Tu Tbilisi

daisakuTrono, imas ki erTi wamiT ar

ufiqrdebian, rom gasomxebul-gaqur-

Tebul-gaTaTrebul-gaujiSoebuli

Tbilisis gaqarTvelebaSi swored

megrelebma gaiRes lomis wili, saku-

Tari saxl-karis daTmobis fasad.

modi, isic vaRiaroT _ gana SeiZleba

WeSmaritad qarTveli adamianis smenas

megrul enaze saubari examuSos?

ar SeiZleba!

da Tu vinmes mainc examuSeba, man

sakuTari Tavi qarTvelobaze Seamowme-

binos, radgan SeiZleba qarTuli

gvarsaxeli hqondes da qarTuladac

SesaniSnavad saubrobdes, magram

genetikurad iseve ar iyos qarTveli,

rogorc ar aris saqarTvelos umaR-

lesi xelisuflebis mravali warmo-

madgeneli (gardacvlil Tu saeWvo

viTarebaSi daRupul sxva araqarTvel

xelisuflebze aRarafers vambob,

garkveul eTikur da religiur

mosazrebaTa gamo).

da ra gasakviria, rom araqarTveleb-

ma qarTvelebs daakargvinon istori-

uli teritoriebi, Tavs moaxvion siR-

atake da yovelive is uzneoba, rac an-

grevs eris erTianobas.

dro politikuri sistemis sasinji

qva gaxlavT. amitom ukve naTlad

gamoCnda, rom Tu Cveni cxovrebis gan-

vlili etapi zneobis uxeSi, SeuniRbavi,

cinikuri uaryofa iyo, axla ufro

saSiS movlenasTan _ sikeTis

saburvelSi lamazad SefuTul

borotebasTan gvaqvs saqme.

anu, Tu pirveli etapi aRmaSfoTe-

beli iyo, meore momavlis winaSe

amazrzeni danaSaulia.

amitom, vidre eduard SevardnaZe

cocxalia, Cven mas vaiZulebT pasuxi

gagvces erT SekiTxvaze _ ratom

Caugdo Zalaufleba xelSi im adami-

anebs, vinc lamis daRupvis pirad mi-

iyvana saqarTvelo?

ra dauSava qarTvelma erma eduard

SevardnaZes iseTi, rom am araadamian-

ma amxela siborote mihmadla im

qveyanas, sadac, yvelafers Tavi rom ga-

vaneboT, Tavad daibada.

eduard SevardnaZem aucileblad

unda agos pasuxi qarTveli eris

winaSe mis mier Cadenili mravali

danaSaulisaTvis!

jerjerobiT ki farda daSvebulia.

adamianebi dayruvdnen da dabr-

mavdnen umaRlesi xelisuflis mi-

marT.

swored amisi eSiniaT mixeil

saakaSvils da mis garemocvas, radgan

ar arsebobs imaze meti zizRi, vidre

sazogadoebis mier zurgis Seqcevaa

sakuTari prezidentisadmi.

Tumca, mas ukve sakuTar preziden-

tadac ar aRiarebs saqarTvelos

mosaxleobis meti wili da im uzur-

patorad miiCnevs, vinc arCevnebis

Tavxedurad gayalbebiT usindisod mi-

iTvisa saqarTvelos prezidentis

Tanamdeboba.

yvelaferi es rom icis saqarTve-

los xelisuflebam, amitomac eSiniaT

qarTveli xalxis,.

mSiSara adamiani ki uaRresad

saSiSia, radgan misi cxovrebiseuli

kredo nebismieri safrTxis

SemTxvevaSi, rogorc wesi, Semdegnair

lozungad yalibdeba:

“me Tu ar viqeni gamarjvebuli, qva

qvaze nu darCenila!”

amitom aris aucilebeli, rom

qarTveli eri, rac SeiZleba male gan-

Tavisufldes yovelgvari simaxinjis-

agan da daubrundes realuri aRm-

Seneblobis im procesebs, romlis

gareSe warmoudgenelia qveynis

gamTlianeba da gaZliereba.

redaqtoris gverdi

S i S i

3ilori

saqarTvelo 9 aprilis molodinSia. am

dRisTvis opoziciac da xelisuflebac

didi xania emzadeba. gamocdileba orive

mxares aqvs da samzadisic igivea, rogoric

adre iyo. Tumca 7 noembris SedegebiT

dasruldeba revoluciis morigi mcde-

loba Tu 23 noembris SedegebiT, amis

Tqma gadaWriT dRes aravis SeuZlia.

prognozirebas Sss-s mier gavrcelebuli

faruli Canawerebic arTulebs. ar aris

gamoricxuli, rom burjanaZis aqtiviste-

bis kvaldakval, xelisufleba sxva poli-

tikur jufebsac daerios da daWerebis ax-

ali talRac vixiloT.

dRemde urTierTgamomricxavi cifre-

bi vrceldeba, Tu ramdeni adamiani idga

prezidentis gadadgomis moTxovniT par-

lamentis Senobis win 2007 wlis noem-

berSi, Tumca udavoa, rom asi aTasze

meti. am xalxs imedi hqonda, rom `xelisu-

fleba damTavrdeboda~. es imedi maT

opoziciis liderebma Caunerges. amitomac

bevrma sakuTari samsaxuris da Se-

mosavlis wyaros riskis fasad CamoaRwia

TbilisSi, marTlac rom CamoaRwia, radgan

xelisuflebam imisTvis, rom xalxi

SeeCerebina, gzebze uamravi barieri

moawyo. im samarSuto taqsebisa Tu av-

tobusebis mZRolebi, romlebic marTvis

mowmobebis CamorTmevas gadaurCnen, gze-

bze dayril xuTkuTxovan lursmnebs

umklavdebodnen. mokled, qarTuli

zRapris gmiris wiqaras xrikebiT ebr-

Zodnen saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan

momaval xalxs, Tumca maTma didma naw-

ilma Tbilisamde mainc CamoaRwia.

sagangebo situaciis gamocxadebis gar-

da, saprotesto talRis SeCereba xelisu-

flebam maSin imiTac moaxerxa, rom medi-

asaSualebebiT videoCanawerebi gaavrcela,

Tu rogor ̀ TanamSromlobdnen~ opozici-

is liderebi rusul generalitetTan. saer-

Tod, rusuli kvali erTgvari safrTxo-

belaa, romelsac xelisufleba sakmaod kar-

gad iyenebs. rogorc situaciam gviCvena, ms-

gavsi video Canawerebis damzadebiT Sss ise-

vaa gatacebuli. merabiSvilis uwyebas Savi

sia ukve mzad aqvs da Tu `saxelmwifos~

dasWirdeba, opoziciis liderebis winaaR-

mdeg izolaciis zomebsac gamoiyenebs.

opoziciis liderebis ganeitralebis gar-

da, aseT SemTxvevebSi xelisuflebas tele-

viziebis ganeitralebac mouwevs, noemberSi

aseTi samizne telekompania `imedi~ gaxda,

amJamad imedis problema mogvarebulia,

amitom niRbian stumrebs amjerad, albaT,

telekompania `maestro~ unda elodos. es

9 aprilis Semdeg, manamde ki saxelmwifo

manqana imaze muSaobs, rom aqciaze rac Sei-

Zleba cota adamianma moaxerxos misvla.

saamisod ukve nacad xerxebs iyenebs, ro-

gorc opoziciuri partiebis warmomad-

genlebi acxadeben, ukve daiwyo samarSuto

taqsebis mZRolebis gafrTxileba, rom 9

aprils muSaoba Sewyviton, aseve mimd-

inareobs partiuli aqtivistebis daSanta-

Jeba da daWera.

2007 wlis noemberSi veravin war-

moidgenda, rom 2009 wlis aprilSi

saqarTvelos prezidenti isev mixeil

saakaSvili iqneboda. Tumca Cvens uaxles

istorias 2003 wlis revoluciac axsovs.

2003 wels, rogorc giorgi TargamaZe

acxadebs, arc SevardnaZis xelisuflebas

egona, rom revolucia moxdeboda. eqs-

prezidenti SevardnaZe revoluciidan 5

wlis Semdeg asaxelebs axal moRalates

– maSindel saxelmwifo ministrs, av-

Tandil jorbenaZes. mas, rogorc Cans, sak-

maod didi dro dasWirda imis gasarkve-

vad, Tu vin gadabargda misi garemocvidan

opoziciur banakSi. rac imas niSnavs, rom

maSindelma opoziciam sakmaod kargad

imuSava. is faqti, rom revolucionerebis

gundSi iyo, maSindeli parlamentis Tavmj-

domare, saxelmwifo ministri, gener-

aluri prokurori da uSiSroebis min-

istric ki, metismetad urTulebda xelisu-

flebas situacias, da piriqiT, dadebiTad

aisaxeboda opoziciis moqmedebebze. uSiS-

roebis TanamSromlebi amaod awvdidnen

informacias maSindel ministrs SesaZlo

safrTxeebis Taobaze. saxelmwifo aparats

revoluciis Tavidan asacileblad faq-

tobrivad araferi gaukeTebia. parla-

mentSi SeWrisas, miyolebiT uxsnidnen

xalxs kordons didube-CuRureTis,

gldani-naZaladevis Tu qalaqis mTavari

sammarTveloebis TanamSromlebi. mog-

vianebiT ki isini maSindelma qalaqis sam-

marTvelos ufrosma, givi TargamaZis

megobarma levan maisuraZem saerTod

ganyofilebebSi gaiwvia. mokled, 2003

wels xelisuflebis rRveva Signidan dai-

wyo. cnobas, rom Tbilisis policiam

uari Tqva, qveynis mTavarsardals damor-

Cileboda, elvis siswrafiT mohyva in-

formaciebi, rom Tavdacvis saministros

danayofebmac maT mibaZes. situacia kon-

trolidan gamovida. Znelia msjeloba

imaze, SeZlebda Tu ara eduard SevardnaZe

situaciis Semobrunebas, garemocvaSi

moRalateebi rom ar hyoloda, magram

amis magaliTic ukve arsebobs. mixeil

saakaSvili SevardnaZis Secdomebs ar

imeorebs. igi mudmivad amowmebs sakuTar

garemocvas da sakvanZo Tanamdebobebsac

mxolod im adamianebs abarebs, romlebic

saflavSi gahyvebian saWiro Tu gaxdeba.

garda amisa, saakaSvils piar manqanac sak-

maod kargad aqvs amuSavebuli da qveynis

saomar mdgomareobaSi yofnac uwyobs

xels, situaciis gamwvavebis SemTxvevaSi,

`qveynis gadasarCenad~ Zala gamoiyenos.

parlamentis yofili Tavmjdomare, nino

burjanaZe, romelic 7 noembers aqciis

darbevas parlamentis Senobidan ade-

vnebda Tvals da warbSeuxrelad

amarTlebda saxelmwifos am

gadawyvetilebas, axla SeSfoTebiT

saubrobs aqciis mosalodnel darbevaze.

9 aprilamde erTi TviT adre, rodesac

generaluri Stabis ufrosad axlad-

daniSnulma polkovnikma vladimer

CaCibaiam ministris moadgilis postze

gadainacvla burjanaZem ganacxada: `es

rigiTi sakadro cvlileba ar aris, ro-

gorc amis warmodgena xelisuflebas

unda. polkovnikis CamoSoreba Tanamde-

bobidan da miT ufro, misi samoqalaqo

Tanamdebobaze, kerZod, Tavdacvis min-

istris pirvel moadgiled daniSvna, erT-

erTi niWieri sardlis samxedro

aRorZinebis saqmidan faqtobriv

CamoSorebas niSnavs... Cvens xelT arse-

buli informaciis Tanaxmad, polkovnikma

CaCibaiam Zalze mniSvnelovani

Sexvedrisas ganacxada, rom jaris mier 7

noembers daSvebul Secdomebs ar gaime-

orebs. 9 aprils da sxva Semdgomi

movlenebis dros is araviTar

SemTxvevaSi ar dauSvebs, rom jari, an misi

calkeuli nawilebi ama Tu im operaciis

ganxorcielebaSi CaerTon... M

mis funqciebs faqtobrivad Tavdacvis

ministris moadgile baCo axalaia

Seasrulebs, romelsac 4 martis TaT-

birze saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil

saakaSvilma SeiaraRebuli Zalebis sabr-

Zolo momzadeba da kontroli Riad

daavala. es sxva araferia, Tu ara jaris

politizirebis Ria mcdeloba, rac ofi-

crebis da samxedro mosamsaxureebis

samarTlian protests gaaZlierebs. bur-

janaZis SiSi usafuZvlo namdvilad rom ar

aris, radgan misi komprometireba, Tu no-

Raidels ar gaviTvaliswinebT, yvelaze

advilia. burjanaZe-biwaZis garda sxva

opoziciuri Zalebis winaaRmdegac arse-

bobs konkretuli gegmebis monaxazebi.

sadao sakiTxia, vis ufro aZlevs xels Ten-

giz kitovanis Camosvla sagangebod 9

aprilis aqciisaTvis. konservatori kuka-

va acxadebs, rom kitovanis gamoCena

xelisuflebis scenaris nawilia, iseve ro-

gorc biwaZis mier dajgufebebis Seqmnaze

saubari. aRniSnuli mosazreba realobas

Zalian waagavs, miTumetes, rom Turme

Cveni diplomatiuri korpusi aqtiurad

awvdis informaciebs dasavleTsa da aSS-

s. aqciebma SesaZloa, Zaladobrivi saxe mi-

iRos da saxelmwifo gadatrialebaSi

gadaizardoso da xels ruseTisken iSvers.

aseve sagangaSoa is faqtic, rom Tbilisis

garSemo didi xania, sangrebi mzadaa, rac

udavoa, rusebis axalgoridan daZvris

safrTxes unda ukavSirdebodes, an

ubralod amis asociacias qmnides. aseT

SemTxvevaSi sazogadoeba situaciis es-

kalacias xels ar Seuwyobs da, Tu msgavsi

scenari xelisuflebas marTlac aqvs

dagegmili, opoziciis liderebi parla-

mentis win, albaT, marto darCebian. xelisu-

flebis ritorika, rom qveyanaSi situaci-

is areva ruseTis interesebSi Sedis, rom

opoziciaSi rusuli fuli trialebs, da in-

formacia Ss saministros gansakuTrebul

samzadisze, rom mimdinareobs policiuri

Zalebis gadamzadeba da merabiSvilis

uwyebam ukve SeiZina darbevis axali

saSualebebi, SesaZloa mosaxleobis

daSinebas emsaxurebodes, radgan darbevis

simware bevrma maTganma cota xnis win

gamoscada, da rac yvelaze mTavaria, es am-

bavi xelisuflebas xaxviviT SerCa. Tumca,

Tu procesi umarTavi gaxdeba da pro-

vokacias eqneba adgili, saakaSvili rom Se-

vardnaZis kvals ar gahyveba mgoni, sada-

vo ar unda iyos. Tu SevardnaZesaviT Sina-

gan saqmeTaAda Tavdacvis saministroebi

masac ar CamoeSala, prezidenti aucile-

blad ecdeba, yvela Zala gamoiyenos

xelisuflebis SesanarCuneblad.

manana WeliZe

ra scenariT ecdebaxelisufleba9 aprilis aqciebisganeitralebas

raRa viRacam _ kokom, kakom, giam da gugulim.

axla gavSifroT, radgan iseTma gavlenianma

politikurma Zalebma gadawyvites aliansis Seqmna,

rom, xumroba iqiT iyos da, bevrs daufrTxobda mSvid

Zils.

`aliansi saqarTvelosTvis~ _ am saxelwodebiT

oTxi politikuri partia gaerTianda: `Tavisufle-

ba~, ̀ qarTvel tradicionalistTa kavSiri~, ̀ momavlis

partia~ da `qalTa partia~.

axla erTad dasxdebian koko gamsaxurdia, kako asa-

Tiani, gia maisaSvili da guguli maRraZe. dasxdebian!

maT aerTianebT saerTo politikuri warsuli, ker-

Zod, erovnuli moZraoba da zviad gamsaxurdias

erovnuli mTavrobis saTaveebTan yofna. es Cemi

sityvebi ar gegonoT, _ konstantine gamsaxurdias

ekuTvnis. miuxedavad Cemi pativiscemisa am didebu-

li gvaris mimarT, unda Sevbedo baton kokos da

mokrZalebiT SevniSno, rom man icrua. mizani keTil-

Sobiluria, magram xom yvelas gvaxsovs, rom zviad

gamsaxurdias erovnuli mTavrobis saTaveebTan am

oTxi patiosani adamianidan mxolod erTi _ akaki

asaTiani idga (fumfula savarZelSic ijda da cota

xniT qobuleTSic imSvidebda afrTxialebul guls!)

da isic _ uzenaesi sabWos Tavmjdomaris rangSi.

xolo danarCeni samidan erTs icnobdnen, rogorc

zviad gamsaxurdias ufros vaJs, meores _ gia maisaS-

vils, rogorc `nacionaluri moZraobis~ ekonomikuri

programis avtors da e.w. silikonis velis propa-

gandists, romelic amerikis SeerTebuli Statebidan

xelebis qneviT mogvevlina; mesames _ guguli maR-

raZes ki, jer prezidentis dedis _ qalbaton

giuli alasanias universitetel megobrad moixse-

niebdnen, mere prezident saakaSvilis mexotbed,

Semdeg ki portarturelebis gzas daadga da `qal-

Ta partiis~ Tavmjdomaredac gagvecno.

es xalxi realobas sruliad moswyda:

yvelas gvaxsovs koko gamsaxurdias emociuri

gamosvlebi, aseve yvelas gvaxsovs gia maisaSvilis

farTod gaSlili xelebi da silikonis velis

saswaulebis Sesaxeb moyolili zRaprebi. axlac Se-

mogvZaxa, _ `qveyanas elodeba yovlismomcveli

ekonomikuri paralizebao~. ukve moxda, mister gia, eg

ambavi, aRaraferi elodeba, ukve paralizebulia didi

xania, da, pamela andersonis ar iyos, silikonis

saswaulsRa veliT.

kako asaTianze, aba, ra giTxraT, `bavSvmac ki icis,

vin aris kako~. Wkviani kaci kia, garkveul movlenebs

winaswarac Wvrets. `wiwakaanT magdana~ swored misi

aqtiuri CareviT gaxda parlamentis Tavmjdomare.

Tavis droze Jvaniam mas sTxova burjanaZis kandi-

daturis dayeneba da mere mTeli tvirTi TviTon aiki-

da. maia nadiraZec kako asaTianis `kiserzea~, magram

an mas da an Jvanias daufasdaT es amagi?

guguli maRraZe ki fsiqologiis profesoria, ma-

gram rogorc politikosi, aba, ra mogaxsenoT; es erTi

qalia am aliansSi da, modi, Tavi davaneboT.

erTi sityviT, `aliansi TavisuflebisTvis~ Sedga

da Sexmatkbilda. gugulebs sxvis budeSi kvercxis

dadeba axasiaTebT, amaT ki erT budeSi moikalaTes

da vnaxoT, ras gamoCekaven.

jani gavardes, iqneb, sulac biWi iyos?!

bondo mZinaraSvili

viRacam gugulisbudeSi moikalaTa

4 ilori

... 1994 wlis gazafxuli

Semodioda. samxreT germa-

niaSi, bodenzees napiras

mdebare ulamazes qalaq

vaingartenSi, sastumro „Alte

Oxsen“-Si (qarTulad „beberi

xarebi“) vcxovrobdi.

TiTqmis naxevari weli mo-

miwia iq yofna da mec am pa-

tara qalaqis TiTqmis naxe-

vari macxovrebeli gavicani.

cxadia, Cemi qarTvelobis

Sesaxeb yvelam icoda da mec

sakmarisze meti mosayoli,

pasuxgasacemi kiTxva mqonda

da rac mTavaria, imis mtki-

ceba miwevda, rom Cven qarT-

velebi, qurdebi da mamaZaR-

lebi ar varT da Cveni bra-

li ar aris kriminaluri

mTavroba rom gvyavs.

...pirvelad swored aq mo-

miwia SevardnaZis saxelTan

dakavSirebul evropul miT-

Tan Sejaxeba.

... roca Cems oponentebs

vuxsnidi – dRevandeli sa-

qarTvelos kriminaluri

mTavroba swored Sevardna-

Zis mier, misive, kriminaluri

gzebiT mopovebuli fuliTaa

moyvanili isini gaognebuli

miyurebdnen, xolo rom dav-

Zendi: es fuli SevardnaZem

swored germaniaSi iSova

misi aranakleb kriminali

kolegebisgan, maT xSir

SemTxvevaSi moTmineba ar

yofnidaT, magram arasodes

gadaulaxavT is zomiereba,

rasac hqvia _ sakuTari oja-

xis gasaWiri patronze uke-

Tesad sxvam rom ar icis da

Tavis kanturiT Cailapara-

kebdnen: „Cven amis Sesaxeb

arferi gvsmenia!..“ da Cveni

kamaTic ludze dapatiJebiT

mTavrdeboda, romelic namd-

vilad jobda SevardnaZesa

da mis kriminalebze saubars.

es swored is periodia,

germaniaSi helmut kols

rom 500 aTas germanul mar-

kas edavebian, TiTqos mis

partias es Tanxa dauregi-

strireblad gamoeyenebinos

arCevnebSi. saqme imdenad

gaxmaurda germaniis gamaer-

Tianebeli kancleris, ger-

maneli erisaTvis saukunis

ocnebis amxdenis qonebas

yadaRa daades (romelic,

mxolod 1,2 milion markad

Sefasda!!!), kancleri ki ram-

denjerme sasamarTloze ga-

mocxadda amis gamo. marTa-

lia mas araferi daumtkic-

da, miTumetes aravis uka-

drebia misTvis (qarTvel

xelisufalTagan gansxvave-

biT _ SevardnaZidan moyo-

lebuli, saakaSviliT dam-

Tavrebuli) qveyana Zarcva

da naZarcvi saxlSi waiRoo,

magram kidev erTxel dada-

sturda germanuli WeSmari-

teba: kanonis winaSe kanc-

leric da kelneric yvela

Tanasworia!

sainteresoa, im dros ra

manqanebi hyavdaT b-n kanc-

lers da mis meuRles?

_ kanclers oTxkariani,

xolo mis meuRle hanelo-

res orkariani golfi hyo-

liaT!..

es, kidev erTi patara sen-

sacia SeiZleboda qarTve-

lisTvis yofiliyo, germane-

lisTvis ki Cveulebriv mov-

lenad iTvleba.

cxadia germaniis gamaer-

Tianebeli kancleri da misi

(aw gardacvlili) meuRle

uyvarT maT samSobloSi da

xandisxan keTilganwyobil

anegdotebsac yvebian maTze:

„ ...erTxel helmuti da ha-

nelore „Tankstelle“-ze Sevid-

nen manqanis gasamarTad. hel-

mutma benzini Caasxa, meqani-

kurad karebi Caeketa da

fulis gadasaxdelad mar-

ketSi Sevida. ukan mobrune-

buls manqana da manqanis ga-

saRebi Caketili daxvda.

Sewuxebulma benzingasam-

arTis TanamSromels daxma-

reba Txova.

manac ar daaxana da fo-

ladis wvrili mavTuli mou-

tana.

gaxarebulma helmutma mav-

Tuli karis rezinis man-

JetSi gaaZvrina da cdi-

lobs ramenairad karis sa-

kets gamosdos da gamoqaCos,

magram amas ver axerxebs.

uceb manqanis Signidan qa-

lis xma gaismis: „helmut

cota marcxniv, helmut cota

marjvniv!..“

benzingasamarTis TanamS-

romlebi pirdaRebuli Se-

hyurebdnen manqanaSi Caketil

hanelores da mis aRtace-

bul gulSematkivrobas, ro-

dis gamosdebs helmuti mav-

Tuls manqanis sakets... „

aravis arasodes wamoc-

denia SevardnaZis dasavle-

Teli kolegebis misamar-

TiT, rom maT saxelmwifo

Zarcves, kriminalebTan ali-

ansi Sekres, an ucxo qveynis

agenturasTan TanamSrom-

lobdnen!..

2003 wlis noemberSi „var-

debis saxads“ Semoyolil

udReur bavSvTa mTavrobis

mier „SeSinebuli“ Sevard-

naZe „TavSesafars“ germa-

niaSic eZebs. erTi kviris

ganmavlobaSi germaniis te-

leviziis ramdenime arxi da

zogadad evromediis aTeu-

lobiT warmomadgeneli moT-

minebiT eloda rodis Camo-

vidoda igi saxeldaxelod

(11 milion evrod) SeZenil

grundigebis mamulSi, ro-

melsac saqarTveloSi ubra-

lod „vila“ uwodes, baden-

badenSi ki daaxloebiT ise-

Ti adgilia, rogoradac Cemi

Taobis studentobis dros

TbilisSi TerTmet sarTu-

liani saxli moixsenieboda

gmirTa moedanze.

imedi maqvs mkiTxvels ar

gamorCeba erTmaneTs Seada-

ros germaniis gamaerTiane-

beli kancleris 1,2 milion

markad SefasebuliFpirad

sakuTrebaSi arsebuli da

saqarTvelos damaqcevaris,

sulierad da zneobrivad

gamryvnelis SevardnaZis

mier dagrovili qoneba!..

...me imJamad germaniaSi vi-

myofebodi da uamravi

kiTxvisTvis miwevda pasuxis

gacema. maT Soris:

„ – marTla Tu Camova

eduard SevardnaZe germa-

niaSi da rodis?..“

mkiTxvels ar Sevawuxeb

Cemi pasuxiT, magram Cemi

uaxloesi megobris, saqarT-

velos didi gulSematkivris

magdeburgeli hans baier-

lingis im dReebSi mowe-

ril werils ki moviSve-

lieb:

„ ... daTo, mesame dRea te-

leSous vuyurebT baden-ba-

denidan. pirvel dRes mec

mjeroda SevardnaZis germa-

niaSi Camosvlis, magram es

ukve ar moxdeba ramdenime

ubralo mizezis gamo:

1. misi mrCevlebis Secdo-

ma iyo grundigebis myvirala

mamulis SeZena;

2. TerTmeti milioni

evros, nebismieri germane-

lisTvis uzarmazari Tanxis

gacxadeba;

3. is, rac saqarTveloSi

SeiZleba daimalos da

aikrZalos, Sen kargad ici

germaniaSi SeuZlebelia. yve-

lafers rom Tavi davaneboT,

marto „Bild“-i gauSrobs

sisxls 11 milioni evros ga-

damxdel, gaRatakebuli sa-

qarTvelos naprezidental

SevardnaZes!..

etyoba mas Wkviani mrCeve-

li gamouCnda da daanaxa es

realoba, romlis Semdegac

igi germaniaSi namdvilad ar

Camovao!..“

bevri ram CemTvis isedac

cxadi iyo, magram Cemi ger-

maneli megobris daskvna, rom

ityvian aTians ar acdenia

da srul WeSmaritebas Ra-

Radebda, rac Semdgomma mov-

lenebma naTlad daadastu-

ra.

Tu ra moyva yovelive

amas saqarTveloSi, amisaTvis

kidev erTxel unda mivub-

runde Cems vaingartenSi

yofnas da satumro „Alte

Oxen“-s:

erTxelac, gvian SuaRami-

sas telefoni rekavs, Suqi

avanTe da saaTs davxede,

sami sruldeboda. mivxvdi,

mxolod saqarTvelodan

SeiZleboda vinmes am dros

daereka.

ar Sevmcdarvar, mxolod

erTi SesworebiT, qarTvele-

bi isxdnen sufrasTan Turme

israelis qalaq aSdodSi. iq

myofi Cemi megobari kaxa mo-

bodiSebiT meubneba:

“... albaT gaifiqre, am Su-

aRamisas qarTvelis meti vin

darekavdao! stumrebi gvyavs,

krwaniseli ebraelebi arian,

qeifi didxans gagvigrZelda,

viRacam Seni saxeli axsena

da erT-erTi maTgans SenTan

saubars iTxovso!“

saxeli da gvaric miTxra

_ daTo hqvia, ajiaSvilia gva-

rado. saxeli da gvariT me

igi ver gavixsene, magram

amas ra mniSvneloba hqonda

_ didi siyvaruliT da pa-

tiviscemiT mommarTavda Cemi

Tanamosaubre israelidan:

„ _ rogor xarT batono

daviT, yvelas gvaxsovxarT

da gviyvarxarT, Tqveni saxe-

li rom axsenes gulma ver

momiTmina da amitom Sega-

wuxeTo“

mec movikiTxe. manac da-

mayara kiTxvebi da bolos:

„ – ras akeTebT batono

daviT, germaniaSi?”

vrcel axsna ganmartebas

Tavi avaride da mokled

vuTxari – disertacias va-

keTebB Cemo daviT meTqi!

imanac ar daayovna:

„ – rava iqneba magi saqme,

yvela fuls akeTebs da

Tqven disertacias?!.“

... karga xans vicineT ori-

vem. kargad vicodiT es

ufro simwris sicili iyo,

radgan saqarTvelos im-

droindeli mTavrobisTvis

wigni da disertacia yovlad

Seusabamo iyo da orive gav-

CumdiT.

isev me vcade gamosavlis

moZebna, rodis wamoxvediT

saqarTvelodan Cemo daviT-

meTqi.

daviTs dafiqrebac ar

dasWirvebia ise momigo:

„ - 92-Si, maSinve movxie sa-

qarTvelodan, ravarc ki ya-

CaRebi movidnen mTavrobaSi,

daviT, degenacvle!..“

simwriT gavifiqre, rom

daviTs dafiqrebac ar das-

Wirvebia Tavis arCevanSi.

utyuari WeSmaritebaa: si-

marTles fiqri ar sWirdeba!

gazeT “iloris” me-3 no-

merSi mkiTxvels movuTxre

Cems mimarT SevardnaZis kri-

minaluri xelisuflebis

agresiuli damokidebule-

bis Taobaze, rac Cemi ram-

denimegzisi dapatimrebiT

aRiniSna. samwuxarod, mog-

vianebiT aRmovaCine Cems pi-

rad arqivSi Cems erT-erT

dapatimrebasTan dakavSire-

buli dokumentebi, romlis

Tundac dagvianebiT mkiTxve-

lamde mitana aucilebel

saqmed mimaCnia.

kidev erTxel movixdi bo-

diSs mkiTxvelis winaSe,

Seqmnili uxerxulobisaT-

vis da vTavazob mas gazeT

“iloris” me-3 nomerSi ga-

moqveynebul werilSi Casa-

matebel masalas.

... qalaqis policiis sam-

marTvelos sapyrobileSi

TiTqmis yvela policieli

nacnobi aRmoCnda. me xom

garkveuli periodi Tbili-

sis krwanisis raionis pre-

feqti viyavi da qalaqis

aqtivis Sekrebebze xSirad

vxvdebodi Zalovani

struqturebis warmomadgen-

lebs. gulwrfelad ukvir-

daT Cemi iq yofna. madlie-

rebis niSnad, xan sigarets,

xanac Saqars da TeTri pu-

ris naWrebs mTavazobdnen

malulad. mogvianebiT me

TviTon vTxove saponi, sawe-

ri qaRaldi da sawerkalami,

rac maSinve momarTves ki-

dec.

saponi – daubaneblobas

ver Sevegue;

saweri qaRaldi da sa-

werkalami – xma rom mi-

mewvdina gareT myofTaTvis

(gvian amixsnes yvelaferi es

akrZaluli yofila patim-

rebisaTvis da Cemi erTguli

policielebi riskis fasad

akeTebdnen yovelives).

ase gavugzavne saprote-

sto werilebi maSindel Si-

nagan saqmeTa ministrs b-n

roman gvencaZes da qalaq

Tbilisis mTavar prokur-

ors b-n mixeil qurdaZes.

... Cemi ganTavisuflebi-

dan erTi kviris Tavze b-ni

mixeil qurdaZis werili mi-

viRe, sadac igi mauwyebda

rom – me kanonis uxeSad

darRveviT viyavi dapatim-

rebuli, saqme aRZrulia da

damnaSaveebi aucileblad

daisjebiano...

mogvianebiT misma piradma

mdivanma damireka da mTxova

b-n miSa qurdaZesTan miv-

sulviyavi. Cemi prefeqtad

yofnis dros axlo urTier-

Toba Camogviyalibda me da b-

n miSas, rac arc am SemTxve-

vis Semdegac darRveula, vi-

dre SevardnaZis kriminalebi

erTerT Cvengans sicocxles

gamoasalmebdnen.

TiTqos momibodiSa kidec

momxdaris gamo, bevri vi-

saubreT TbilisSi da zo-

gadad saqarTveloSi mimdi-

nare ubedurebebze da bo-

los mirCia:

„ _ xom xedav qveyana dam-

naSaveTa xelSia Cavardnili.

Znelia amaT vinme win aRud-

ges... Sen camde marTali

xar, mogwere kidec, magram ar

girCev amaT SeeWido, marTa-

li kaci xar da ar minda

vinmem rame dagiSavoso!..“

ase davemSvidobeT erTma-

neTs.

me imave dRes wavedi sa-

megreloSi, sadac yovel-

dRe axal-axal provoka-

ciebs awyobda Tbilisis

kriminaliteti.

baton miSasTan Sexvedris

ori kviris Tavze, swored

zugdidSi movismine Tbili-

sis televiziis specialuri

reportaJi:

„...guSin, sakuTari saxlis

sadarbazosTan, daudgenelma

pirebma cecxlsasroli

iaraRiT mokles q. Tbilisis

prokurori mixeil qurda-

Ze!..“

mewyina, magram ar gamkvir-

vebia _ mkvlelisa da yaCa-

Risagan mkvlelobisa da ya-

CaRobis mets ras unda moe-

lode?

мпиегоедл 1990-1992 щдеюшт

gagrZeleba iqneba

5ilori

samegrelos saamayo Svilebi

cnobili qarTveli lot-

baris Zuku loluas cx-

ovreba da Semoqmedeba imis

naTeli dadasturebaa, Tu

namdvili eriskacis pir -

ovnebaSi erTmaneTs rogor

unda Seerwyas maRali pro-

fesionalizmi da mo-

qalaqeobrivi Segneba. gada -

uWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom am didi moRvawis Tavgan-

wiruli Sromis gareSe Cve-

namde ver moaRwevda qar-

Tuli sasimRero folk-

loris mniSvnelovani nawili,

romelic dRes ase ancv-

ifrebs mTel msoflios.

Zuku loluas xanmokle

sicocxle (igi 47 wlis asak-

Si gardaicvala) bevri sag-

ulisxmo faqtiT aris

damSvenebuli. maTgan erTs _

afxazeTSi moRvaweobas ver-

avin auvlis gverds.

odnavadac ar gvepareba eWvi,

rom axlo momavalSi, roca

ruseTTan keTilmezoblobis

saRi azri izeimebs da

saqarTvelos teritoriuli

mTlianoba aRdgeba, roca

qarTvelebi, afxazebi da os-

ebi keTilmezoblobaSi,

srul urTierTgagebaSi

gatarebuli saukuneebis

madls veRarsad gaeqcevian,

Zuku loluas figura xe-

laxali daaxloebis gzaze

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas

SeiZens; saqarTvelos didi

patrioti xom afxazi moZmee-

bis, maTi adaT-wesebis, maTi

sasimRero folkloris didi

damfasebeli da qomagic iyo.

Zuku loluas xelmZR-

vanelobiT Sesrulda sceni-

dan pirvelad afxazuri sim-

Rerebi, mis garSemo Se-

moikribnen SesaniSnavi afx-

azi momRerlebi, romelTac

qarTvelebi Zmebad miaCndaT.

Zuku lolua daibada 1877

wlis 8 aprils axlandeli

xobis raionis sofel qval-

onSi. ori Tvisas gardaec-

vala mama da oblad darCe-

nili xuTi Svilis aRzrda

dedam iTava.

male maTi ojaxi sacx-

ovreblad qalaq foTSi ga-

davida. igi bavSvobidan

eziara Sromas, radgan marCe-

nalis gareSe darCenil

ojaxs materialurad Zalian

uWirda. aTi wlis Zuku Se-

girdad muSaobda rkinigzis

saxelosnoSi da aq aRebuli

xelfasiT loluebma saxl-

kari moiwyves foTSi.

1888 wels Zuku amxanageb-

Tan erTad baTumSi gaemgza-

vra. ojaxis didi survili

iyo, rom Zuku sasuliero

gzas gahyoloda. amitom, 1892

wels, episkoposis rekomen-

daciiT, igi xobis monaster-

Si swavlobs saeklesio mwig-

nobrobasa da galobas xobis

monasterSi da amave dros

foTis saeparqio taZarSi

iricxeba ponomarad.

1894 wels Zukum foTis

saeparqio skolaSi daiwyo

galobis maswavleblad

muSaoba. Semdeg igi wavida

sofel kokSi, moagrova iq

mezobeli soflebidan mom-

Rerlebi da 24 kacisagan

Semdgari gundiT ori Tvis

intensiuri mecadineobis

Semdeg quTaisis Teatris

scenaze gamarTa koncerti,

romlis mowyobas xelmZR-

vanelobdnen Salva dadiani

da vaJTa gimnaziis galobis

maswavlebeli besarion

wereTeli. axladSeqmnil

ansambls “megrel momR-

eralTa saxalxo gundi” ewo-

da. es iyo ara marto Zuku

loluas gundis, aramed

mTeli dasavleT saqarTve-

los momReralTa gundis

pirveli gamosvla scenaze.

ramdenime wlis Semdeg Zuku

soxumSi Cavida. roca iq xma

gavarda, soxumSi cnobili

lotbaria Camosuli, romel-

mac ansambli unda Seadgi-

noso, Zalian bevri aRmoCnda

msurveli aseT gundSi gaer-

Tianebisa. agvistos TveSi

ukve 80 kaci Seikriba. gund-

Si mRerodnen afxazebi,

megrelebi, imerlebi, gu-

rulebi, svanebi, socialurad

sxvadasxva fenis warmomad-

genlebi: xelosnebi, vaWrebi,

meetleebi, portis muSebi,

maswavleblebi, moswavleebi

da sxva...

1904 wlis 25 seqtembers im

binaSi, sadac gundi mecadi-

neobda, es iyo samSe Tofu-

rias saxli, Catarda kon-

certi. darbazSi xalxis

teva ar iyo. ori imdeni

garedan adevnebda Tvalyurs.

adgilobrivi ZalebiT

gundis gamosvlas didi

sixaruliT Sexvda soxumis

sazogadoeba. es iyo mxolod

dasawyisi im didi aRmavlo-

bisa, rac qarTul-afxazurma

erovnulma musikam Zuku

loluas moRvaweobis peri-

odSi ganicada.

soxumSi Casvlis dRidan

Zukum mTavar amocanad afx-

azuri sasimRero Semoqmede-

bis saganZuris mopoveba ga-

nizraxa. man fexiT Semoiara

afxazeTis soflebi. udidesi

sifaqiziTa da aRfrTo-

vanebiT Seudga uZvelesi

afxazuri simRerebis, cekve-

bisa da sakravebis Segrove-

bas. dauaxlovda afxazuri

simRerebis saukeTeso mcod-

neebs _ abas koRonias, gu-

juji marRanias, malxaz eS-

bas, kondrate ZiZarias da

sxvebs. jer TviTon swavlob-

da maTgan simRerebs da mere

aswavlida gundis wevrebs.

soxumis gundis mier Ses-

rulebuli afxazuri simR-

erebi azari, daWrilis simR-

era, afxazuri sacekvao, afx-

azuri saieriSo, dasakravebi

afxazur instrumentebze _

afxercaze, aWarpanze, aiumaze

iseT did STabeWdilebas ax-

denda Turme msmenelze, rom

xSirad ameorebinebdnen

kidec.

gundis wevrebi, SemdgomSi

cnobili lotbarebi kiwi

gegeWkori, kirile paWkoria,

vano kozmava (afxazi), maqsime

anua, ZRiki ZiafSipa, rema Se-

legia da sxvebi momavalSic

xSirad mimarTavdnen Ta-

vianTi gundebis sakoncerto

repertuarSi Zukus mier sce-

naze gamotanil afxazur sim-

Rerebs. amrigad, gundma

araerTi koncerti gamarTa

afxazeTsa da samegreloSi.

1914 wels Zuku loluas

gundma didi sakoncerto

mogzauroba moawyo das -

avleT saqarTvelos qalaqeb-

Si: baTumSi, foTSi, quTaisSi,

WiaTuraSi, zestafonSi, saCx-

ereSi...

1919 wels Zuku lolua

isev foTSi gadavida da sak-

maod gvian _ 42 wlis asakSi

daqorwineba gadawyvita. man

colad SeirTo pirmSvenieri

Tavadis asuli _ daSa Ciqo-

vani. jvrisweras uamravi

xalxi daeswro _ cas swvde-

boda omaxiani simReris xma.

daojaxebam Zuku saqmes

ver mowyvita. meuRle

maswavleblobda, Zuku ki

kvlav sagundo xelovnebis

morevSi gadaeSva.

1921 wels Zuku dasavleT

saqarTvelos saxalxo gun-

debis instruqtorad dain-

iSna, rasac misi soflidan

sofelSi da qalaqidan

qalaqSi gamudmebuli

siaruli mohyva. adgilze Ca-

suli Zuku jer Sekrebda

momRerlebs, moamzadebda

maTTan simRerebs, Semdeg

gamoarCevda lotbarobis ni-

WiT dajildoebul piro-

vnebas, Caabarebda mas gundis

xelmZRvanelobas da mx-

olod amis Semdeg stovebda

iqaurobas.

1923 wels Zuku loluas

mweralTa kavSiris quTaisis

ganyofilebidan mouvida Tx-

ovna, Casuliyo quTaisSi da

Camoeyalibebina momReral-

Ta gundi, romelTan erTadac

SemdgomSi moskovSi unda

gamgzavrebuliyo. Zuku

loluam Sekriba SesaniS-

navi axalgazrdoba, daiwyo

intensiuri mecadineobebi.

Sedegmac ar daayovna da Za-

lian male gundma ramdenime

koncerti gamarTa quTaisSi,

xolo 1924 wlis maisis

pirvel ricxvebSi sandro

kavsaZis saiubileo kon-

certSi monawileobis mis-

aRebad gaemgzavra TbilisSi.

Casvlidan meore dRes Zuku

avad gaxda, ris gamoc gundi

koncertze mis gareSe

gamovida. eqimebma tifis di-

agnozi dausves. gamokeTebas

piri ar uCanda. aucilebeli

iyo Zukus saavadmyofoSi ga-

dayvana. mkurnaloba da yu-

radReba Tavis Tavze aiRo

eqimma Salva miqelaZem, ma-

gram 1924 wlis 9 agvistos

Zuku lolua gardaicvala.

dakrZales TbilisSi, veris

sasaflaoze, mogvianebiT ki

gadaasvenes qalaq foTSi.

Zuku lolua

saqarTvelos erovnuli

gmiri giorgi saakaZe, sabr-

Zolvelad azvirTebuli

xalxis winamZRoli anzor

CerbiJi, darbaiseli megreli

glexi tariel golua, sax-

alxo gmiri arsena, oZe-

laSvili, tiraniis winaaR-

mdeg mebrZoli karl moori,

ruseTis didi xelmwife

(ivane mrisxane), mamaci kapi-

tani bersenevi, mefe liri,

keTilSobili sabWoTa in-

teligenti platon kreCeti,

RmerTebis winaaRmdeg amxe-

drebuli mefe oidiposi, al-

baneTis erovnuli gmiri

skanderbegi, balRiviT gul-

Ria da mimndobi, keTilSo-

bili Seqspiriseuli mavri

otelo _ ai, arasruli sia

scenuri da kinosaxeebisa,

romlebic Seqmna didma

xelovanma, sabWoTa kavSiris

saxalxo artistma akaki xo-

ravam.

akaki xoravas rom mx-

olod otelos saxe Seeqmna,

isic ki ikmarebda misi sax-

elis SaravandediT

Sesamosavad, vinaidan misi

otelo msoflio Se-

qspirologiam aRiara

namdvil, ganumeorebel Se-

qspirul saxed.

es iyo 1937 wels. wlebis

ganmavlobaSi quxda akaki

xorava-otelos xaverdovani

xma sabWoTa kavSiris

Teatrebis scenebze da aR-

tacebaSi mohyavda msmeneli

da mayurebeli. 1947 wels

gazeTi “pravda” werda:

“sabWoTa kavSiris saxalxo

artistma akaki xoravam

otelos rolSi miaRwia

mwvervals, sanamdec

msoflio Teatralur is-

toriaSi Zalian cota vinme

Tu asula”.

akaki xorava iyo

tragikuli planis msaxiobi,

zedmiwevniT flobda

tragikuli xasiaTis gaxsnis

scenur saidumloebas. misi

samsaxiobo xelovneba aris

masStaburi, monumenturi. aka-

ki xoravas gmirebi

yovelTvis Zlierni, nebisy-

ofiani adamianebi arian, Tav-

daviwyebiT uyvarT sic-

ocxle da TavdadebiT ibrZ-

vian sicocxlisaTvis, siy-

varulisaTvis, bedniere-

bisaTvis.

akaki xorava daibada 1895

wlis 17 aprils zugdidis

mazris patara sofel oCxa-

murSi. qalaq quTaisis

klasikuri gimnaziis

damTavrebis Semdeg war-

matebiT swavlobda ukrainis

dedaqalaq kievSi, sadac

samedicino ganaTlebas eu-

fleboda.

1922 wels Sevida akaki

faRavas Teatralur studi-

aSi.

akaki xoravam, rogorc

profesionalma msaxiobma,

fexi aidga rusTavelis

saxelobis saxelmwifo

TeatrSi, romelsac Semd-

gom wlebis ganmavlobaSi

TviTon xelmZRvanelob-

da.

akaki xorava eweoda far-

To pedagogiur da sazoga-

doebriv moRvaweobas _ misi

iniciativiT Seiqmna

saqarTvelos Teatraluri

sazogadoeba, Teatraluri

instituti, sadac Tavad ped-

agogobda. sabWoTa kavSiris

saxalxo artisti akaki xo-

rava iyo mSvidobis dacvis

saqarTvelos respublikuri

komitetis Tavmjdomare, sax-

elmwifo premiebis

komitetis wevri. miniWebuli

hqonda sabWoTa kavSiris

saxalxo artistis wodeba,

iyo saxelmwifo premiebis

oTxgzisa da kanis me-7 saer-

TaSoriso kinofestivalis

premiis laureati. sic-

ocxlis dasrulebamde

aswavlida msaxiobis osta-

tobas Tbilisis saxelmwifo

Teatralur institutSi. ki-

nosa da TeatrSi, akaki xo-

ravas, wlebis ganmavlobaSi,

gansaxierebuli hyavs 100-ze

meti gmiri.

qarTuli Teatrisa da ki-

nos didostati akaki xora-

va gardaicvala 1972 wlis 23

ivniss qalaq TbilisSi.

Rvawlmosili msaxiobis

cxedari madlierma

qarTvelma erma pativiTa da

didebiT miacila mTawmindis

savanemde. mas arc sic-

ocxleSi moklebia xalxis

pativi da siyvaruli, da arc

gardacvalebis Semdeg,

radgan mis saflavze mudam

alagia axali yvavilebi.

akaki xorava

6 ilori

im saxelmwifoebriobis Ria

likvidacia, romelsac si-

vaJkace, erTguleba, disci-

plina, Tavganwirva, materia-

lur sikeTeze uaris Tqma da

sisxlis gaReba sWirdeba, ar

SeiZleba rasis keTilSobi-

lebis patentad gamodges. ma-

gram, garemo pirobebis sir-

Tulis gamo mezoblebisaTvis

Ria omis gamarTva Zalze uTa-

nasworo iqneboda. amdenad,

monur omze gadasvla mTlad

nebayoflobiTi ar iyo; meo-

res mxriv, Teokratiaze ga-

dasvla imdenad iyo brZnuli

aqti, ramdenadac swored Teo-

kratiam SeanarCunebina som-

xebs TviTmyofadoba da es

TviTmyofadoba saswaulebri-

vad aaRorZina iq, sadac TiT-

qosda saukunod iyo miZine-

buli.

somxebis danarCen istori-

as, romelic savsea maTdami

ucxoel mTavarTa damamcire-

beli damokidebulebiT, yo-

velTvis, Tundac sust xazad

somxeTis xalxisa da sa-

xelmwifos aRorZinebis imedi

gasdevda.

ra Tqma unda, amaze ara

xalxi, aramed calkeuli pa-

triotebi, upiratesad sasu-

liero pirni, gamdidrebuli

vaWrebi, naxararebi, Sahisa da

sulTnis karze pativSi myofi

meliqebi ocnebobdnen. dama-

xasiaTebelia isic, rom es

imedi ruseTis imperiis teri-

toriis zrdasTan erTad, gan-

sakuTrebiT wina aziaSi misi

droSis winsvlis kvaldak-

val izrdeba.

somexTa damokidebuleba

ruseTis mTavrobis mimarT

sagrZnoblad Wrelia. aniWeb-

da ra did mniSvnelobas

axlo aRmosavleTSi ruseTis

istoriul misias, petre pir-

veli sulac ar iqneboda imis

winaaRmdegi, rom xalxi, rome-

lic Tavis Tavs qristians

uwodebda, musulmani dampyr-

oblis winaaRmdeg aRmsdga-

riyo. amitom man, zemoT aR-

niSnul avantiurists, somexTa

wargzavnil israel oris az-

ris gamoTqmis saSualeba mis-

ca, magram, mis ankesze ar wa-

moego. didma imperatorma

brZana, sityvierad ganemartaT

somexTa wargzavnilTaTvis,

rom axla “SvedebTan omiT

aris dakavebuli” da, amdenad,

avantiura Tavidan aicila.

rac Seexeba somex israel

oris Txovnas, rom SvedebTan

omSi igi ruseTis jarTan

darCeniliyo, imperatorma upa-

suxa, rom “misi iq yofna ara-

fris momtania”.

sainteresoa. rom me-18 sau-

kunis ruseTis mefe-qalebi-

dan (albaT, graf volinski-

sagan miRebuli cnobebis sa-

fuZvelze, romelic kargad

icnobda somxebs), ana ioanes

asuli, miuxedavad mis mier

ganxorcielebuli qristia-

nuli politikisa, undoblad

ucqerda am ukanasknelT, rad-

gan misi mxedarTmTavrebi

musulmanebs amarcxebdnen.

ekaterine meore ki, piriqiT,

sulSi iZvrenda somxebs, ra-

sac, ZiriTadad, mis karze ga-

mefebul uzneobas da araC-

veulebriv fufunebas mia-

werdnen. mefis karze bevri

moxele iRebda “feSqaSs”

mdidari somexi vaWrebisa-

gan. garda amisa, Tavadi po-

tiomkini yovelTvis gamoir-

Ceoda amouwuravi fantaziiT

da albaT isic ocnebobda

somxeTis zeganze qristia-

nuli saxelmwifos aRorZi-

nebaze.

ekaterine meoris mefobis

dros somxebs gamouCnda yo-

velmxriv SesaniSnavi pirovne-

ba, dauokebeli energiis mqone,

politikurad fxiani, arc Tu

iSviaTad _ momabezrebeli. igi

arqiepiskoposi iosebi

gaxldaT, warmoSobiT gaqarT-

velebuli kulturuli som-

xuri ojaxidan, romelsac

qarTvel mefeTagan Tavadis

wodeba hqonda miniWebuli. misi

gvari _ arRuTaSvili-mxargrZe-

li rusul yoveldRiurobaSi,

rusuli fantaziisve wyalobiT,

rogorc “arRuTinski-dolgo-

ruki” Sevida. riurikebis dol-

gorukTan maT, ra Tqma unda,

araferi akavSirebT. xsene-

bulma arqiepiskoposma ioseb-

ma samxreT ruseTSi somxuri

qalaqi “donis naxiWevani”

daarsa. yirimidan da Turqe-

Tidan gadmoxvewili 15.000 som-

xis bazaze Camosaxlebulebs

sakmaod kargi SeRavaTebi dau-

wesdaT: xazinis xarjze yiri-

midan mTeli qonebis gadazid-

va, 12.000 desetina saZovari

ialaRi, saguSagoebisa da re-

krutisagan ganTavisufleba, 10

wliT yvela saxis begaris

moxsna; yovel mosaxles 30 de-

setina miwa gamoeyo; xe-tye da

saxlis asaSenebeli masala

usasyidlod gadaecaT, saTesle

masala, saqoneli da inventari

ki 10 wlis Semdeg anazRaure-

bis pirobiT. yovelive es ka-

nonTa srul krebulSi dawvri-

lebiTaa asaxuli.

saqarTveloSi, erekle meo-

ris mefobis Jams, igive arRu-

Tinskis mcdelobiT, viRac ya-

rabaxeli meliqebi Camoasax-

les TavianTi yma-glexebiT,

romelTac Sulaveris dasax-

leba Seqmnes. orma meliqma,

mejnunma da abom, Tvalis da-

xamxamebaSi uRalates Tavis

axal mfarvels _ mefe ere-

kles da 1795 wels aRa-mahmad

xans tfilisSi SemouZRvnen,

romelmac qalaqi miwasTan

gaaswora. es faqti erovnebiT

somexma general-leitenantma

s.o.qiSmiSovma aRiara. sanqt-pe-

terburgis universitetis

profesori a.a.cagareli sa-

fuZvlianad aRniSnavs, rom me-

18 saukunis miwuruls arqie-

piskoposma iosebma energiuli

saqmianoba gaaCaRa, magram

“friad araxelsayreli, ruse-

Tis mTavrobis gegmebisa da

SexedulebebisaTvis!” am

daskvnis dasturi SeiZleba

akademikos n.f.dubrovinis naS-

romSi ixiloT, romelic aR-

niSnavs, rom 1796 wels some-

xi arqiepiskoposi ubodiSod

Caeria dapyrobili derben-

tis saxanos saqmeebSi da mu-

sulmanebTan Sedavebis ar-

cerT SemTxvevas ar uSvebda

xelidan; maT somexTa winaSe

amcirebda; derbentSi xanmo-

kle yofnis periodSi mTeli

mosaxleoba aimxedra. grafma

zubovma iosebi mTavar binaSi

gamoiZaxa, magram aqac saWiro

gaxda zomebis miReba, raTa ar-

qipastoris politikuri mi-

awrafebebi SezRuduliyo.

dauaxlovda ra eCmiaZinis pa-

triarqs ise, rom nebarTva

aravisgan auRia, maT erTob-

livad Seadgines _ “ko-

leqtiuri mimarTva yarabaxSi

da kavkasiis sxva adgilebSi

mcxovreb somxebs”. am mani-

festSi ewera, rom ruseTis

jari sparseTSi mxolod erTi

ganzraxviT Sevida _ “gaanTa-

visuflos somxebi musulman-

Ta uRlisgan da moupovos maT

damoukidebloba”. amas didi

mRelvareba mohyva mTel

amierkavkasiaSi. somxebi didi

somxeTis samefos aRdgenaze

ocnebobdnen.

xsenebuli arqiepiskoposis

Tanamedrove p.g.butkovi ada-

sturebs iosebis gadamete-

bul pativmoyvareobas, rome-

lic, TiTqosda, cdilobda

somxeTis mefis taxtze Tavi-

si ZmisSvili aeyvana da saa-

misod samefo gvirgvinic ki

hqonda gamzadebuli. jer ki-

dev ruseTSi yofnisas arRu-

Tinski-dolgoruki eCmiaZinis

patriarqis taxtis dakavebas

apirebda, risTvisac patriar-

qis samosSi gamowyobilma

SeukveTa sakuTari gravire-

buli portreti.

somxuri eklesiis politi-

kurobis klasikur nimuSs war-

moadgens somexTa didi apo-

logetis _ ezovis broSura

“eCmiaZinis sapatriarqos ru-

seTis xelisuflebasTan ur-

TierTobis dasawyisi”. me-18

saukunis dasasruls, eCmiaZinis

kaTolikosis Tanmxleb sayo-

velTaod sasuliero pirTa

mier taxtze iqna ayvanili ar-

qiepiskoposi gukasi (luka).

konstantinopolis somexTa pa-

triarqma zaqariam protesti

gamoTqva. gukasi mas Tbil we-

rilebs ugzavnida. amasobaSi ki

konstantinepolis somxurma

diasporam TurqeTis xelisu-

flebas zaqarias gadayenebis

nebarTva gamostyua. ezovs am

nabijisTvis camde ahyavs gu-

kasi, romelmac aseve ar dauS-

va eCmiaZinis taxtze gancal-

kevebuli ganZasaris minastris

agvaneli patriarqis izrae-

lis aRzeveba. saubaria imaze,

rom dartyma mieyenebina agva-

neTis gancalkevebis msurvel

sapatriarqoze da daewesebina

iq Teokratiuli mmarTveloba.

am saqmeSi CinovnikTa windau-

xedaobis Tu angarebiTi gari-

gebis Sedegad, somxebs Tea-

traluri erTsulovnebiT mxa-

ri dauWires ruseTisa da Tur-

qeTis mTavrobebma, miuxedavad

imisa, rom maT erTmaneTisagan

gansxvavebuli interesebi

amoZravebdaT. konstantine-

polSi Cveni wargzavnili, sa-

xelad tomara, 1801 wels Ta-

nagrZnobiT atyobinebda mTav-

robas, rom gukasi eswrafvoda

“Tavisi eris aRorZinebas ru-

seTis daxmarebiT”. ucxoeli

kaTolikosis interesebidan

gamomdinare, agvaneTis patri-

arqi jer Seaviwroves, Semdeg

ki, yarabaxisa da ganjis ru-

seTTan SeerTebisTanave,

SeumCnevlad gaauqmes mTlia-

nad sapatriarqo, rac misi es-

kamotireba gaxldaT. aRmoCnda,

rom Turqma politikosebma

meti Sors- mWvreteloba ga-

moiCines, vidre maTma rusma ko-

legebma. maT mxari dauWires

TavianTi qveynis farglebSi

siosis da axtamaris sapatri-

arqoTa damoukideblobas “yo-

velTa somexTa kaTolikosis-

gan”.

saqarTvelos ruseTTan

SeerTebisTanave somxuri

samRvdeloeba mudmivad cdi-

lobda daemtkicebina, rom

somxebi aq raRac gansaku-

Trebul rols TamaSoben da

rom yvelaferi maTzea damo-

kidebuli. imdenad, ramdena-

dac saqmeSi Caxedulma ru-

sulma samRvdeloebam kar-

gad icoda somxuri monofi-

zitizmi, da isic, rom qarT-

velebi ruseTs “erTmorwmu-

neobis” egidiT SemouerTdnen,

arqiepiskoposma iosebma som-

xur-grirorianul sarwmu-

noebasTan dakavSirebiT uaR-

resad keTilSobiluri in-

formaciis gavrcelebaze iz-

runa. 1799 wels sanqt-peter-

burgSi gamovida ruseTSi

damkvidrebul somexTa saw-

mysos arqiepiskopos iosebis

wigni “somxuri eklesiis qri-

stianuli sarwmunoebis aRm-

sarebloba”, romlis me-14

gverdze avtori wers: “erTi

saxe, erTi ieri, SenivTebulia

erT bunebriobasTan”; 50-e

gverdze iosebi ganmartavs,

rom “bunebriobaSi” igu-

lisxmeba “saxe”. maSin ra sa-

Wiro iyo ori erTmniSvne-

lovani cnebis moyvana! gasa-

gebia, rom igi ecada somxebis

monofizitobis miCqmalvas.

man aseve miCqmala kaTolikos

ioane meoTxis saxelic, ro-

melic somxur eklesias wmin-

danad hyavs Seracxuli da

romelmac arabi musulmane-

bis saameblad qalkedoniis

eklesia anaTemas gadasca da

Semdegi gadawyvetileba ga-

moaqveyna: “anaTema mas, vinc

ityvis, rom qriste adamiani

iyo Tavisi bunebiT, rom igi

iyo xorcSesxmuli da gadai-

tana xorcieli wameba, eziara

sikvdils adamianTa msgavsad,

anaTema mas! vinc ar aRiarebs

qristes erTsaxovan ukvdav

bunebriobad, anaTema mas!”

xedavdnen ra, rom yovelive

es marTlmadidebelTa Tval-

Si somxur eklesias Seu-

racxyofs, me-13 saukunis so-

mexi istorikosi kirakosi,

mogvianebiT ki xsenebuli io-

sebi da kaTolikosi nersesi

somxuri monofizitobis

miCqmalvas cdilobdnen.

am maqinaciebs naTels hfens

cimbiris sasuliero akademi-

is profesori troicki 1877

wels gamocemul naSromSi

“somxuri eklesiis rwmenis

Sinaarsi” da aniskini “somxu-

ri eklesiis istoriaSi”, ro-

melic 1900 wels gamoica wi-

gnad kiSiniovSi.

tyuilad ki wuxda arqiepi-

skoposi iosebi, radgan im pe-

riodis rusul biurokratias

sruliadac ar anaRvlebda

marTlmadidebluri principe-

bi. somxuri saqme rusul

sazRvrebSi maSin giganturi

tempebiT viTardeboda da axa-

li simaRleebisken ganuxrelad

miiwevda. TurqmenCais traqta-

tiT eCmiaZini ruseTis Semad-

genlobaSi Sevida, kaTalikosi

ki mTeli msoflios somexTa

patriarqad darCa. qarTuli

marTlmadidebluri avtokefa-

lia Cven droulad gavauqmeT,

miwebi CamovarTviT da xazinas

gadaveciT, ris gamoc ruseTis

saxelmwifoSi Seiqmna somxuri

Teokratiuli saxelmwifo sa-

xelmwifoSi, romelic mi-

uwvdomeli iyo kontrolisaT-

vis da politikuri sawmysos

TvalSi veeberTela avtorite-

ti gaaCnda. paskeviCis dros

sparseTidan somxebis gadasay-

vanad polkovniki lazarevi

gaigzavna, romelsac Tan daax-

loebiT 40.000 somexi Camohyva

.gagrZeleba iqneba

1904 wels, am wignis avtoris vasil veliCkos gardacvalebis Sem-

deg, misi moswavleebis mier „kavkasiis“ wignad gamocemam Zalze

aaforiaqa mTeli planetis somxuri mosaxleoba. inglisSi mcxov-

rebma somexma didvaWarma gulbekianma im droisaTvis zRapruli

Tanxa _ xuTi milioni funti sterlingi (dRevandeli kursiT,

daaxloebiT samasi milioni dolari) _ gadaixada, raTa am wignis

mTeli tiraJi gayidvidan amoeRoT da gaenadgurebinaT, magram, ro-

gorc xedavT, verafers gaxda. Tumca, somxebma nawilobriv mainc

miaRwies sawadels, radgan winamdebare wigni gaxlavT vasil ve-

liCkos mTliani naSromis pirveli tomi, meore tomi ki, saerTod

aRar gamosula da, Cveni didi Ziebis miuxedavad, mainc ver mova-

xerxeT misi povna. rogorc Cans, am tomis xelSi Cagdeba da ga-

nadgureba garkveuli sazRauris fasad mainc moaxerxes somxebma.

amis dakargvis, an daviwyebis ufleba

arc russa aqvs da arc qarTvels!(nawyvetebi vasil veliCkos

wignidan "kavkasia")

7ilori

,,me ar SemiZlia uTqvenod da Tqven

ar SegiZliaT uCemod”- ase mimarTa

ilia II-m mrevls drois sakmaod daZ-

abuli monakveTis dasasruls, romelic

mis avadmyofobas da eklesiis winaaR-

mdeg gaCaRebul uprecedento kampanias

ukavSirdeboda. Sexvedris sixarulTan

erTad, mis sityvebSi airekla is gan-

wyobac, romelic am periodSi sazoga-

doebaSi sufevda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom gasul TveSi, ram-

denime politikosma da sazogado moR-

vawem, TiTqmis erTdroulad, mkafiod

miuTiTa imaze, rom saqme gvaqvs aSkara

SeTqmulebasTan patriarqis da eklesiis

winaaRmdeg. arsebobs Tu ara es SeTq-

muleba? vin da ratom ebrZvis patri-

arqs? saubari am Temaze garkveul

sifrTxiles moiTxovs, raTa faqtebi da

Worebi erTmaneTSi ar agverios. es er-

Tob hgavs im mkvlevaris samuSaos,

romelmac ramdenime Zvlis mixedviT

unda aRadginos dinozavris ConCxi, an

erT nafexurze dayrdnobiT mTeli pop-

ulaciis bedi aRweros. Secdomebisgan

dazRveuli am SemTxvevaSi veravin iqne-

ba. mTavari kiTxva ki, albaT, Semdegia: ra

undaT patriarqis mowinaaRmdegeebs

konkretulad? ra (vin) aiZulebT maT

mkveTrad gaaqtiurdnen?

maTi saxeli legionia

dasawyisisTvis, mizanSewonilia

CamovTvaloT is jgufebi, romlebic mon-

awileobdnen patriarqis an misi ideebis

mwvave kritikaSi, mis winaaRmdeg mimar-

Tul sxvadasxva tipis aqciebSi, rogorc

am bolo dros, ise adre.

1) liberaluri Sexedulebebis mqone

sekularistebis jgufi. mis birTvs

xelisuflebasTan daaxloebuli ram-

denime inteleqtuali warmoadgens.

ideaSi, maTi mTavari sazrunavia ekle-

siasa da saxelmwifos Soris urTier-

Tobis mowyoba sakuTari rwmena-war-

modgenebis mixedviT. Tumca, bolo

dapirispirebaSi am jgufis mTavar fun-

qcias warmoadgenda movlenebis warmo-

Cena bunebriv konflitad ,,progresul

sazogadoebasa da retrograd sapa-

triarqos Soris”, mTavar asparezs ki

xelisuflebis mier kontrolirebadi

media.

2) yofil sasuliero pirTa da sapa-

triarqos saswavlo dawebulebebis

yofil studentTa erTi, friad konso-

lidirebuli jgufi. maT surT eklesi-

is gardaqmna sakuTari Sexdulebebis

mixedviT, ,,drois moTxovnebis

Sesabamisad” da saeklesio struq-

turaSi damkvidreba. am jgufis winaSe

bolo dros ramdenime tipis amocana

dgas a) informaciis Segroveba sapa-

triarqos SigniT mimdinare procesebze

b) aqtiuri RonisZiebebi patriarqis

diskreditaciisaTvis g) sakuTari rige-

bis gafarToeba axalgazrdebis gadmo-

birebis gziT, rogorc saeklesio struq-

turis SigniT, ise mrevlSi d) Worebis

gavrceleba da a.S.

3) calkeuli sasuliero pirebi, rom-

lebmac sakuTari gavlenis gafarToe-

bisaTvis gadawyvites mokavSireebi ek-

lesiis gareT moeZebnaT. am jgufis

mTavari (samomavlo) funqcia

daaxloebiT iseTia, Sua sakuneebSi rom

hqondaT im adamianebs, romelnic

gadamwyveti Sturmis dros mowinaaR-

mdeges uRebdnen karibWes. dRes isini

dakavebulni arian informaciis

SegrovebiT da ukmayofiloTa frTxili

gadmobirebiT. Tumca, maT jer ar Seu-

ZliaT eklesiis SigniT mZlavri, ganx-

eTqilebisTvis sakmarisi, opoziciuri

fraqcia Seqmnan.

4) mixeil saakaSvilis Tanagun-

delebis da momxreebis jgufi, romlis

wevrebi miiCneven, rom ilia II-s av-

toriteti da eklesiis mzardi gavle-

na safrTxes uqmnis maTi miznebis ganx-

orcielebas. maT xelSia uzarmazari

saxelisuflebo da mediaresursi, Tum-

ca isini nawilobriv SezRudulni ar-

ian mis gamoyenebaSi, radgan patriarqis

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedebebis

gamoaSkaraveba sazogadoebis mkveTrad

uaryofiT reaqcias gamoiwvevs. am jgu-

fis wevrebs, SeuZlia mixeil

saakaSvilze zegavlenis moxdenac, raTa

daarwmunon ama Tu im gancxadebis an mo-

qmedebis aucileblobaSi.

5) garkveuli jgufi adamianebisa,

romlebic sakuTar Tavs prezident gam-

saxurdias momxreebs uwodeben, Tumca

dRes, ukve sakmaod Sors dganan misi

idebisgan da ,,zviadistebis” ZiriTadi

nawilisagan. isini savsebiT gulwrfe-

lad Tvlian, rom ilia II-s pozicia 1991-

93 wlebis krizisis dros araswori iyo.

maT ZiriTad funqcias warmoadgens mo-

qmedeba patriarqis imijis Sesalaxad.

jgufis asparezi SezRudulia, Tumca

mas aqtiuroba axasiaTebs.

6) radikalebis jgufi eklesiis Sig-

niT, romlebic patriarqs ,,zedmeti

liberalurobisaTvis” akritikebs. maTi

mTavari amocana eklesiis fundamen-

talistur poziciebze gadayvanaa.

isinic gulwrfelad moqmedeben da ar

imyofebian kavSirSi CamoTvlil

jgufebTan, Tumca es ar gamoricxavs maT

irib gamoyenebas savaraudo SeTq-

mulebis miznebidan gamomdinare.

7) ucxo konfesiebis is warmomad-

genlebi, romlebic tradiciul

dapirispirebaSi imyofebian saqarTve-

los sapatriarqosTan. marTalia am

dapirispirebas aqvs garkveuli SemzRu-

davi wesebi, romelTac mxareebi icaven,

Tumca am jgufebs veravin Seakavebs

imisagan, rom isargeblon Seqnili daZ-

abulobiT da kritikul momentSi mkve-

Trad gaaqtiurdnen.

8) im ucxo qveynebis (an transna-

cionaluri gaerTianebebis) reziden-

turebi, romlebic Tvlian rom qarTuli

eklesiis Sexedulebebi, misi dRevandeli

roli qarTul sazogadoebaSi sazianoa

maTi sasicocxlo interesebisaTvis.

maT SeuZliaT Seasrulon mniSvnelovani

roli sxvadasxva jgufebis koordina-

ciaSi, maT uzrunvelyofaSi informa-

ciiT, gegmebis SedgenaSi da a.S. (am jgu-

fis saqmianobis analizis dros iolia

gadavarde SeTqmulebis TeoriaSi, ase

rom aRvniSnoT, rom istoriaSi uamravi

magaliTia imisa Tu rogor cdilobda

esa Tu is saxelmwifo dapyrobili an

dasapyrobi qveynis ierarqebis da saek-

lesio struqturebis gamoyenebas).

9) jgufi, romelsac pirobiTad Sei-

Zleba ,,momavlis rezervi” vuwodoT. igi

aerTianebs im politikosebs da arasam-

Tavrobo organizaciebis aqtivistebs,

romlebic dRes, taqtikuri mosazrebe-

bidan gamomdinare ar upirispirdebian

patriarqs pirovnulad. jerjerobiT,

maTi mTavari funqcia misi ideebis

(monarqiis aRdgena, ganaTlebis sis-

temis gajansaReba da a.S.) diskredita-

ciaa. es adamianebi estafetas

saakaSvilis xelisuflebidan wasvlis

Semdeg miiReben.

yvela es jgufi adrec awarmoebda

sakuTar, erTgvar partizanul oms ek-

lesiis winaaRmdeg. Tumca bolo Tveeb-

Si maTi Zalisxmeva, aSkarad koor-

dinirebuli, erTi gegmis farglebSi mo-

qceuli gaxda (rasac Tavad CamoTvlili

aqtivistebis didi nawili, albaT, nakle-

bad acnobierebs) da seriozuli sain-

formacio uzrunvelyofa miiRo. Sei-

Zleba gaCndes kiTxva, vin axdens am

jgufebis koordinirebas? vin xelmZR-

vanelobs operacias?

amasTanave, ibadeba erTi kiTxvac _

ratom ar xdeba sapatriarqos mier saku-

Tari mowinaaRmdegeebis saxelobiTi

CamoTvla, mxileba, sakiTxebis

dakonkreteba. CamoTvlil jgufebs

sazogadoeba xom isedac aRiqvams, ro-

gorc marginalurs da ubralod

sabolood moikveTavs maT, rac erTob

ganmuxtavs daZabulobas. es, TiTqosda,

logikuri iqneboda. ratom ar akeTebs

amas patriarqi? amasTan dakavSirebiT,

erTi Zveli istoria gamaxsenda:

keTili uyaviT Tqvens moZuleT...

1945-46 wlebSi niurnbergis procesis

paralelurad evropaSi sxva, dRes

naklebad cnobili sasamarTlo proce-

sebi imarTeboda, asamarTlebdnen

damnaSaveebs sakoncentracio banakebis

personalidan. erT-erT aseT procesze

sagulisxmo SemTxveva moxda.

yvelaferi martivadaa _ batono,

samarTlianobis zeimi, _ gansasjelTa

skamze ,,ss”-is oficeri, mkvleli da

sadisti; mowmis adgilze ki misi msxver-

pli, cocxal-mkvdari, aCrdilad qceuli

yofili patimari, romlis Tvalwin

braldebuli dRidan dRemde xocavda

adamianebs, xolo Tavad mas ise awameb-

da, rom albaT sjobda Tavidanve

moekla. moyveba mowme Tavis ambavs _ aR-

sruldeba marTlmsajuleba da izeimebs

samarTlianoba, elodeba sazogadoeba

da mosamarTle; TiTqos yvela is pa-

timaric, yvela is bavSvic, romelic mok-

la am arakacma, aqve darbazSia da

elodeba, ras ityvis mowme.

da mowmemac Tqva... ,,me ar mogcemT

Cvenebas am adamianis winaaRmdeg”. ratom?

_ ikiTxa (albaT gaognebulma)

mosamarTlem.

,,imitom rom, me mivxvdi, _ Tqva mowmem,

_ mivxvdi, rom gamCenisaTvis misi suli,

iseTive Zvirfasia, rogorc Cemi”. Tqva da

gavida darbazidan.

ra Tqma unda moiZebnen sxva mowmee-

bic. raRa Tqma unda zedamxedveli

gaasamarTles, ganaCeni gamoutanes da

CamoaRrCves kidevac. erTia mxolod,

sikvdilis win man mRvdelTan Sexvedra

iTxova, aRsareba Caabara da eziara.

,,giyvardeT Tqveni mtrebi da keTili

uyaviT Tqvens moZuleT”...

TiTqosda, yvelaferi gaioldeboda,

Tu mkafiod gaJRerdeboda vin ebrZvis

patriarqs da eklesias. oriode saaTSi,

problema, gamartivebuli, saero gagebiT,

moixsneboda. magram es ar moxdeba. ram-

denadac mesmis, ilia II imiT gansx-

vavdeba Tavisi mtrebisgan, rom ar

sZuls, maT Semobrunebaze fiqrobs da

damatebiT dros aZlevs. es faqtori

dapirispirebaSi mniSvnelovan rols

TamaSobs, konfliqtis anatomia ki, cota

ufro rTulia, vidre Cans.

ratom Cqaroben ase?

TiToeuli jgufebidan, calke aRe-

buli saSiSroebas ar warmoadgens.

metic, maT nawilTan polemika, albaT

sasargeblocaa postsekularuli epoqis

konturebis gamokveTis procesSi,

romelzec dRes amdens saubroben.

saSiSni isini mxolod maSin xdebian,

rodesac erTi strategiuli gegmis

farglebSi moqmedeben.

eklesiis gavlenis zrdidan, av-

tomaturad ar gamomdinareobs masTan

brZolis aucilebloba. Tu xelisu-

flebasa da eklesias Soris (istoriaSi

bevri magaliTia) rig principul sak-

iTxebze mainc konsensusi arsebobs,

masStabur Setakebas maT Soris adgili

ar eqneba. saqarTveloSi ase ar aris.

patriarqis qadagebebSi SeiZleba

gamoiyos ramdenime mniSvnelovani mo-

menti, romelic ukavSirdeba saqarTve-

los momaval ganviTarebas, axalgazr-

dobis beds. igi saubrobs tradiciebis

erTgulebaze, rogorc eris gadarCenis

mTavar winapirobaze, mizanmimarTul

Setevaze, romelic erovnuli cno-

bierebis winaaRmdeg xorcieldeba, imaze,

rom saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebma

Tavisi saqmianoba unda warmarTon

sazogadoebis umravlesobis (marTlma-

didebeli qristianebis) interesebis

Sesabamisad. mis qadagebebSi da bolo

wlebis epistoleebSi Zalian bevri

saintereso iniciativaa _ demografi-

uli problemis gadawyvetis, ganaTlebis,

ekonomikis ganviTarebis, soflis meur-

neobis aRorZinebis, adamianis uflebe-

bis dacvis da sxva sferoSi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom misi ideebi

principul winaaRmdegobaSi modis

xelisuflebis politikasTan, es Tavis-

Tavad ar aris sakmarisi mizezi im

masStabis mtruli moqmedebisTvis,

romelic gasul TveebSi ganxorcielda.

aris kidev erTi idea, romelTan mi-

marTebaSic patriarqis pozicia ara mx-

olod gamaRizianebelia misi mtre-

bisTvis, aramed Seicavs potenciur

safrTxes ucxo qveynebis interesebis

ganxorcielebisaTvis. es, erTi SexedviT

uwyinari, monarqiis aRdgenis ideaa.

saqme imaSia, rom xelisuflebis le-

gitimaciis wyaro, CvenTan, iseve rogorc

sxva sust saxelmwifoebSi, qveynis far-

glebs gareT mdebareobs. Cvens poli-

tikosebs xelisuflebaSi mosvlisTvis

yovelTvis sWirdebodaT araformaluri,

magram gadamwyveti Tanxmoba moskovidan,

Semdgom vaSingtonidan. mefe am Tval-

sazrisiT Tavisufalia, igi ar aris

damokidebuli gare Zalaze. es, TiTqos,

arafers cvlis, radgan maTTvis, vinc re-

alurad akontrolebs xelisuflebis

berketebs, yvelaferi Zveleburad darCe-

ba. magram gaCndeba xelisuflebis axali

centri, romelsac SeeZleba ganaxor-

cielos mediacia gavlenis sxvadasxva

jgufebs Soris, da, manevrirebis pro-

cesSi TandaTan gamoiyvanos maTi (da

gare) kontrolidan qveynisTvis sasic-

ocxlod mniSvnelovani sferoebi;

wamoayenos garkveuli pirobebi, im

principebis Sesabamisad, romelsac

iziarebs sazogadoebis marTlmadide-

beli umravlesoba _ saqarTvelos md-

gomareoba gaumjobesdeba.

am WrilSi monarqiis aRdgena Sei-

Zleba ganixiloT rogorc realuri

damoukideblobis miRwevisaTvis, dekol-

onizaciisaTvis aucilebeli revolu-

ciuri idea, romelic ar moswonT maT,

visi miznebic sapirispiroa.

faqtia, rom patriarqis moRvaweobis

Sedegad eklesiis gavlena Zalian gai-

zarda. misi mowinaaRmdegeebi cdiloben

daasuston eklesia an sakuTari ideebs

ruporad aqcion. es ar gamosdiT, ama-

sobaSi ki, warsulisagan da sindisisa-

gan Tavisufali ,,axali tipis qarTve-

lebi”, romelTa Seqmnaze ase zrunavd-

nen ,,vardebis revoluciis” mTavari ar-

qiteqtorebi, sinjaraSive suls Rafa-

ven da friad samarcxvinod wkmutune-

ben (detalebi sociologebTan).

gaafTrebuli brZolis dawyebis

mTavari mizezi ki drois deficitia,

vinaidan:

a) eklesiis mxardaWeris pirobebSi

qarTuli sazogadoeba ubrundeba

tradiciul Rirebulebebs da iwyebs

aqtiur brZolas maTi damkvidrebisTvis.

es procesi Seuqcevad xasiaTs iZens;

b) saakaSvilis xelisuflebaSi yof-

nis dro Zalian swrafad iwureba, xolo

qveynis momaval mmarTvelebs, miuxe-

davad maTi orientaciisa, obieqturi

mizezebidan gamomdinare eklesiis mi-

marT gacilebiT frTxili politikis

gatareba, metic, amJamad mimdinare anti-

saeklesio kampaniis monawileebis qmedi-

Ti SezRudva mouwevT.

saerTod, maTi bolo ieriSi raRaciT

hgavs damarcxebuli jaris qmedebas,

romelic ZalTa ukanaskneli mokrebiT

cdilobs gaanadguros gamarjvebulTa

sardali. am dros albaT yuradRebis,

nebisyofis da moTminebis SenarCunebaa

saWiro. swored im moTminebis, romelzec

ilia II-m Tqva: ,,man vinc iswavla moT-

mineba, iswavla TiTqmis yvelaferi”.

r.SalamberiZe

vin da ratom ebrZvis patriarqs?

8 ilori

xsovnis striqonebinawyvetebs megrul enaze Seqmnili istoriuli poemidan

“bulaTia”, romlis avtori gaxlavT Tavdadebuli ma-

muliSvili da WeSmariti poeti daniel pavles Ze

fifia, gTavazobT gazeT “ilorSi”. 113-e weli ileva po-

etis dabadebidan. igi 28 wlis asakSi Seiwira poli-

tikurma uamindobam _ samSoblos siyvaruliT

gamsWvaluli gulanTebuli patrioti 1924 wlis Teber-

valSi daapatimres imis gamo, rom saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikis arsebobis dros iyo zug-

didis samazro komitetis pasuxismgebeli propagan-

disti. dapatimrebisas daniel fifia Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis mesame kursze swavlobda.

daniel fifia bulaTia

bJaqg ekin eSe-eSe

gafuru Tudo dixa.

sunCxeq Zalami Seawux

gurielxe qvarafixa:

zojg: “oko qobZireni

Cqini Waqvinjuri jixa _

Teqiani mosvanjini

miCqg vare gvalo xixa”.

gurielxe Tquanduni

iyukoni oko Tiqg.

mi iyidg movarie

Sxva gubedas vara miqg;

muWo arTi koCin TeSi

dejer arTo jalabiqg;

ekilesg do misvanjes,

iyu bira laafiqg.

misTi Sara merCamuni

zugidiSe bJaiolc,

jveSi sofeli Waqvinjire

xvale Jiri saTiS olc.

viTi versiT vailna

qaladirTi dikoncxg

qoZirgq oZirafu

vaujwrq Tqvano Tolcg:

muki-muki sukefi re

moTinili falo tkili

babuSobaS curuefiT

gobondRili, gofinili;

caSi wvandi unWun feri _

arZo Sxu do arZo rCing,

sukiSi wvancg fuTqurami

cximurefi mukorSving.

Jir saJeniS maJiaSe

emer wyurgil mosofunc,

gvarTa-gvarTa mukmoxorcg,

quaSi kidas mikofuncqg,

ukul tkilcg uzogaro

gianTxu do gvargvalanc,

jununc yorofiliSoro,

bonuncg do xvarCalancg;

Tudo qviSa varCxiliSi

eTmoceng, varkalancd;

bJaS Cxorias gemSutyobu

Sqas miSabarCxalancg.

gijineqg iSo-aSo

dugarZRu Suri, guri.

xeSqaguriSoro moCqg

jveS oxvame wendixuri;

WiTa gvala, Tudo squri,

naoxvamu obujuri,

jveS borjiSi moWiSefi

amdRa arZo uminjuri.

mzem TandaTan aiwia,

aadina miwas buri,

sicxem metad Seawuxa

gurielxe tanad sruli.

brZana: “minda vinaxulo

Cemi jixa Waqvinjuri.

aris metad saamuri

iqauri dasveneba”.

gurielxe rom ityoda,

isurvebda odnav: neta,

aba, viRa iqneboda

uari rom Seebeda.

axlac erTxmad daeTanxma

erTianad, mTlad jalabi, mere

gorze abanakdnen

simReriTa da TamaSiT.

Tu savali gqonebiaT

zugdididan aRmosavleT

ZirZvel sofel Waqvinjs naxavT

ori saaTis gzas Tu galevT.

aTi versic ar iqneba

TavdaRmarTi moCans cerad

aseTia sanaxebi

Tvalebisa aRar gjera.

irgvliv yvelgan gorebia

pitalo klded aSverili,

miTaJamis suroebiT

Sesudruli, Sefenili.

cas kenwero rom uwvdeba,

yvela jmuxi, tani mTeli.

goris Tavze Sexavsuli,

rcxilnaria Zvelis Zveli.

saJenobiT simaRlidan

wyaroebi gadmoSxuis,

talRa-talRad moxeTqili

pitalo kldes rom askdeba.

enarcxeba qvis tafaze,

duRdeba da TuxTuxdeba

satrfosaviT gars exveva

TiTqo bans da ikocneba.

qveS ireva vercxlis qviSa

dgas ferebis kamkami,

mzis sxivebi Sig SeWrilan

momxiblveli barCxaliT.

gaxedav da gagaxarebs

are atkbobs Sesaferi,

xelisgulze gamoCndeba

walenjixis monasteri,

wiTeli mTa, qvemoT squri,

obujelTa nasaydrali,

Zveli drois kargi mowme,

dRes suyvela Sesabrali.

amonaridi social-feder-

alistebis partiis mTavari

komitetis organoSi, gazeT

“saxalxo saqmeSi” dabeWdili

kote kobaxiZis 1919 wlis 3

ivnisis werilidan _ “meunar-

gias dasaflaveba”.

“Camovidnen... maT Soris

megrel avtonomistTa jgufis

“mafalus” warmomadgeneli. yve-

las warmomadgenelma war-

mosTqva sityva... romlebmac

zogaderovnuli poziciebidan

Seafases i.meunargia rogorc

“saqarTvelos moRvawe”. magram,

meore mxriv samegrelos avton-

omistTa jgufis “mafalus”

warmomadgeneli stud. kan-va

(kankava mixeili _ g.c.) raRac

axal hangze aJRerda da imit-

om misi sityva ganmartoebulad

SeiZleba CaiTvalos... gar-

daicvala samegrelos saukeTe-

so Svili iona meunargia,

romelmac yvela evropel mec-

nier-mkvlevarT da politikur

moRvaweT, vinc ki kavkasiaSi

Camodioda, an kavkasiis cx-

ovrebiT dainteresebul iyo...

gaacno samegrelos warsuli

da awmyo viTareba da saqmiT

cdilobda megreli xalx-

isaTvis warmateba moepovebina.

nikoloz meoris borkilebis

damsxvrevis Semdeg qarTveleb-

Tan (anu “qorTuebTan” erTad _

g.c.) Cvenc movelodiT Svebas

da roca es ar marTldeba,

swored exla samegrelosaTvis

fasdaudebeli iyo i.meunar-

gias sicocxle... mkiTxveli

albaT mixvdeba, Tu ra surs

“mafalus”, misi mizanis

samegrelos Tavisufleba

moupovos. aSkarad ar Cans mx-

olod am Tavisuflebis forma

_ damoukidebloba, Tu avtono-

mia, kerZod cnobebiT ki

“mafalu” avtonomiis moTxov-

nas unda apirebdes. mizani

maTi deklaraciuli sityvisa,

Cemis azriT, erTaderTia _

Tavisuflebis lozungi

xalxSi gadaisrolon da

Sesaferisi muSaoba amieridan

axlad awarmoon. uneblied

magondeba egnate ninoSvilis

dasaflaveba, romlis drosac

social-demokratiulma parti-

am organizaciulad xorci

Seisxa. exlac analogiur

movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme, mx-

olod im gansxvavebiT, rom eg-

nate ninoSvili social-

demokratiuli partiis

moZRvrebas iziarebda, i.meu-

nargis ki aramc Tu iziarebda

“mafalu”-s jgufis miswrafebas,

vfiqrob, arc ki icoda am jgu-

fis arseboba... uadgiloa am

werilSi “mafalus” mis-

wrafebaTa kritikuli ganxil-

va, radgan maTi mizani da

samoqmedo gegma mTlianad ara

maqvs gacnobili, vityvi mx-

olod, 3.500 wlis ganmavlobaSi

qarTveli eris modgmaT, maT

Soris megrelebsac, bevrjer

ugemniaT sitkboeba da simware

urTierTSoris Tanxmobisa da

SuRlisa da vimedovneb igi Ses-

Zlebs warsulis gaTval-

iswinebiT momavalSi aicdinos

siZulvilis morigi maxe

romelic qarTveli eris sx-

vadasxva tomTa Soris mtrobis

CamogdebaSi gamoixateba. am

azris WeSmariteba i.meunar-

gias mtkiced swamda“.

komentari: akaki kobaxiZem

(kobaxiam) am weriliT, faqto-

brivad Tavisi da Tanamoazre-

Ta partiul-politikuri da

patriotuli pozicia

gamoavlina, da ara is, rom

“mafalus” da misi mesveurebis

separatizmis Sesaxeb simar-

Tle asaxa.

2. amonaridebi Seuracxy-

ofili stefane gaguas piradi,

fragmentuli Canawerebidan,

romelic foTSi mivlinebis

dros misi memkvidreebis mier

Semonaxul xelnawerebSi

moviZie:

“mafalu aris jgufi, romel-

ic cdilobs zepir gadmoce-

maTa legendebiT da sxvagvar

salarod poeziis Sevsebas

mecnierebisaTvis da es cil-

iswameba, romelic miaweres

am jgufs sruliad usa-

fuZvlod sinamdvilis

gadaWarbebiT gaugiaT.

rom Seavsos da Seasworos

qarTuli sityva sasiamovno

saSen... (aRar ikiTxeba _ g.c.).

“gana me Cems qveyanas ar vem-

saxurebodi... me miyvars Cemi

xalxi da RviZli...

de Cemma namowafrebma Cemi

sikvdilis Semdeg sTqvan Tu

ra provokaciebiT var da gam-

cemaT sircxvili Wkvianebs. me

Cemi samsaxuriT da agreTve...

usamarTlo adamianur... zug-

didelebs hkiTxon Tu ra

gamikeTebia aseT dros, roca

maseTebia... qarTvelTa ena iyo

devnili. araferi ar minda.

guli mtkiva... magram jer kidev

ratom var da vTqva sanam es

Seuferebeli saxeli SemarqviT

vici ar gamarTldeba igi.

yvela naxvamdis, iyaviT bed-

nieri colSvilTan miviwyebu-

li aTvaliswinebuli”...

“pativcemul spiridon kei-

dias

saqarTvelos gazeT “erTo-

baSi” cocxlad weris... Cemi md-

gomareoba pirdapir au-

tanelia. pasuxi gavugzavne.

ar dabeWda da Tan sasacilod

amigdo. simarTles emsaxureba,

raRa?.. vis eqomageba. amas qvia

miudgomeli presa? Cems pasuxs

Semoitans TqvenTan studenti

kankava da amitom simarTlis

aRsadgenad damibeWdavT.

...egeb guli ar gamiskdes...

vigeme da marTla davrwmundi

ro sindisis RmerTi jer ar

dabadebula.

yvelaferi moCvenebaa da

gaSavebuli sityvebis brigini.

amas mohyveba “vikurivanie iz

gimnazii”. zogierTs gau-

marTlebs. barem esec Semi-

sruldes.

sajgiro ujguSiSe giSerC-

qindudas (mjobnis mjobni ar

dailioso _ g.c.). 1919 wlis 6

ivlisi“.

wyaro: stefane gaguas ubis

wignakis Canawerebi.

komentarebi: 1. stefane gaguas

ubis wignakis Canawerebi Ses-

rulebulia saxeldaxelod, fan-

qriT, punqtuaciisa da stilis

dacvis gareSe. azri xSirad

damTavrebis gareSe wydeba. zog-

jer SeuZlebeli xdeba xelnaw-

eris amokiTxva. magram risi

amokrefac SevZeli, vfiqrob, rom

Rirebulebis mqonea.

2. ubis wignakis Canawere-

bidan Cans, rom misma patron-

ma usamarTlo braldeba

Tavdapirvelad imdenad gani-

cada, rom yvelas emSvidobeba

“miviwyebuli, aTvaliswinebu-

li”, magram isic Cans, rom

k.kobaxiZis Seuracxmyofeli

werilis gamoqveynebis (3.VI.1919)

Semdeg erTi Tvis manZilze

(6.VII.1919) Zala moukrebia da

cilismwameblebTan Sebr-

Zoleba gadauwyvetia.

SemTxveviTi arc is unda iyos,

rom st.gaguam sapasuxo

sityviT Tavdapirvelad imave

gazeTs mimarTa, romelmac

k.kobaxiZis Seuracxmyofeli

werili simarTlesaviT

gamoaqveyna. magram aramc Tu

ar daubeWdes, kidevac

dascines. amitom igi iZule-

buli gaxda miamarTa

kuTvnili, erovnul-

demokratiuli partiis lid-

erisa da amave partiis

mTavaro organos redaqtoris

spiridon keidiasaTvis da ki

ar eTxova, aramed moeTxova

sapasuxo werilis mis gazeTSi

gamoqveyneba.

3. stefane gaguas mier spiri-

don keidias mimarT gagzavnili

werilidan kargad Cans, rom edp-

s lideri da am partiis mTavari

organos redaqtori misTvis sak-

maod axlo damokidebulebis

mqone pirovnebaa da misTvis

“mafaluus” saqmianobis namdvili

arsisa Tu miswrafebebis Sesaxeb

winaswar unda yofiliyo cno-

bili. spiridon keidia ki im-

droindel saqarTveloSi ara

marto kargad iyo cnobili,

aramed mas am dros ukve uaR-

resad bevri hqonda gakeTebuli

saqarTvelos damoukideblo-

bisaTvis brZolis Tval-

sazrisiT. amasTanave, erovnul-

demokratiuli partia gaxlavT

ilia WavWavaZis patriotuli

ideebis erT-erTi yvelaze Tan-

mimdevruli memkvidre. am

sinamdviles spiridon keidias

erovnul-patriotuli Rvawlia

amsaxveli mravali publikacia

da specialuri monografia

aSuqebs (ix. g.SaraZe, spiridon

keidia. wignSi _ “ucxoeTis cis

qveS”, w.I, Tb. 1991, gv.94-17: s. Ci-

javaZe _ kedia, nasmen-naxuli, TB.

2001: o.janeliZe, narkvevebi

saqarTvelos erovnul-

demokratiuli partiis istori-

idan, Tb. 2002 da mravali sxva).

isini cxadyofen, rom sp.keidias

erovnul-patriotuli garja

efuZvneboda uaRres principu-

lobas da erovnuli interese-

bisaTvis Seupovrobas. maSasadame,

“mafaluus” lideri st..gagua,

misTvis dabralebuli avtono-

mistobisa da separatistobis

Tundac nawilobrivi

danaSaulis SemT- xvevaSi sp.kei-

dias mxardaWerisaTvis ver mi-

marTavda da miT umetes Tanad-

gomas misgan ver moiTxovda.

m a f a l u

akofovma icoda, rogor Seswy-

oboda gubernatorebs yvelas da,

rogorc SeZlebuli kaci, yovelTvis

win miuZRoda, Tu ram deputacia iyo

moqalaqeTagan misagzavni visTanme,

yvelas acinebda Tavis rusulis la-

parakiT da am rusulis oinbazur

damaxinjebiT sawadels yovelTvis

eweoda, saxeldobr misi naTqvamis

dedaazrs sulmudam miuxvdebo-

den,radgan usmenden xolme. erTxel

gubernatori beliavski raRazedac

gauwyra somex-kaTolikeT da brZa-

na masTan gamocxadebuliyvnen. be-

liavski yviroda _ nebas aravis

mivscem aq sxvadasxva partiebi iyo-

so da sityva “partia” ramdenjerme

ganimeora Turme. roca beliavskis

gauTavebia, laparaki daewyo ako-

fovs: “ra partias brZanebT, Tqveno

aRmatebulesobav, Cven aseTi par-

tiebisa araferi viciT, Tqveno aR-

matebulesobav; partias mxolod

meoTxed kapikobiT vTamaSobT (qa-

Raldis TamaSobaSi).

beliavskis ver gaego akofovis

pasuxi da qarTulad ekiTxvinebina,

_ ris Tqma undoda. aRmoCnda, rom

akofovi viTomc fiqrobda, rom gu-

bernatori sityva “partias”-s rom

axsenebda, hgulisxmobda preferan-

sis partias da viTomc swyreba, so-

mex-kaTolikeni rogora hbedaven

preferansis TamaSobaso. guberna-

tors, akofovis komikur-seriozul

saxes rom uyurebda, Zalauneburad

gaecina, laparakis kilo gamoicvala,

mousmina somex-kaTolikeT, rac saTq-

meli hqondaT, da gaigo, rom mas so-

mex-kaTolikeTa winaaRmdeg amxed-

rebda meqrTame policmeisteri, da

yvelani mSvidobiT gauSva. xumro-

biT replika akofovisa Zalian ga-

modga.

rogorc SeZlebul kacs, ro-

gorc saWiro kaci, ise hqonda sax-

lakari mowyobili. misi saxli

mTels quTaisSi yvela saxlsa

sjobda; saxls baRica hqonda da

Sig gamodioda didi veranda. misi

coli tfilisSi iyo aRzrdili.

rusulad saucxovod laparakobda

da metad mosiyvarule diasaxlisis

saxeli hqonda gavardnili. mis

saxlSi xSirad imarTeboda saRa-

moebi da am saRamoebs TiTqmis mTe-

li qalaqi eswreboda. didi mxia-

ruleba iyo xolme am saRamoebze;

es saRamoebi metad gemriel ime-

rul vaxSiT Tavdeboda, auarebeli

Rvino ismeboda, rogorc kaxuri, ise

evropuli. maspinZlis Tavazianobas

da misive SeTxzul rusul lapa-

rakis Tavisebur goneba-simaxvi-

les sazRvari ara hqonda.

erTis sityviT, kaTolikeTa uban-

Si akofovi pirvel kacad iTvle-

boda da am ubnis despoti, mRvdeli

don antonioc ki pativiscemiT epy-

roboda. es mRvdelic, gvarad gla-

xiaSvili, quTaisSi iyo dabadebuli,

didxans ecxovrna romSi, iq Turme

samRvdelod emzadeboda da pater-

ieziutis qceva-mamarTuleba zedmi-

wevniT SeeTvisebina. kaTolikeTa

ubani SiSiT kankalebda don anto-

nios winaSe, radgan iqauri qalebi

sityva-Seubruneblada hyavda da-

morCilebuli, yvelas aSinebda jo-

joxeTSi codvilTaTvis gamzadebul

yovelgvar satanjvelebiT; xolo qa-

lebis saSualebiT antonio hbato-

nobda mamakacebzedac. metis-meti

asketi ram iyo, misi tanisamosi “se-

vidiel dalaqSi” don bazilios mo-

gagonebdaT. sakanonos ganwesebis

dros pirdapir Seubralebeli iyo

da TiTqmis saSualo saukunoebis

zomiss sakanonos uwesebda cod-

vilT. xSirad naxavdiT mis mier zia-

rebisagan ganyenebulT, romelTac

raRac gasanTluli qlamindebi ec-

vaT, xelSi anTebuli sanTlebi eWi-

raT da daCoqilni ise dabobRavdnen

eklesiaSi; kargaxans amyofebda ase

momnaniebelT, sanam ar Seundobda.

da aseTi sastiki moZRvari ise iyo

akofovis mier morbilebuli, rom ne-

bas aZlevda, TavisTanac ki prefe-

ransi eTamaSna cotaze.

kolubiakins akofovi tfilisSi

jer maSin icnobda, roca kolu-

biakini jer kidev dabalis xaris-

xis moxele iyo; mere vice-guber-

natoroba miiRo quTaisSi, da roca

gubernatorad daniSnes, ornive

erTmaneTs dauaxlovden rogorc

Zveli, kargi nacnobebi. raki icoda

kolubiakinma, marTla ramdenaT

kai kaci iyo akofovi, Tavisis sa-

stumros mudmiv wevrad gaxada,

sruls Tavisuflebas aZlevda mis

ueSmako oxunjobas, xolo saRamo-

obiT imarTeboda sayvareli pre-

feransi.

da ai aseTs preferanss garSemo

usxden Cveulebrivi moTamaSeni, am

Tavis dasawyisSi ro movixsenieT.

akofovi ubralod Txilis guls

Camovida da vistianebi usamod das-

tova. astyda saSineli xarxari. am

dros ucbad gubernatoris saxlis

ezoSi gaisma safosto zaris wkaruni,

da safosto uremi mZimed migorda

aivanTan. raki zari akruli ar iyo,

adamians unda efiqrna, rom

momsvlels Zalian eCqareboda. pirve-

lad is vifiqreT _ tfilisidan xom

ar aris Sikriki, mefis nacvlis mier

gamogzavnilio? magram gaiara erT-

ma wuTma da yvelas gagvikvirda, roca

kabinetSi Semovida grZel aCeCil

Tmiani, TeTr Coxiani, mtvriT da-

faruli da talaxis SxefebiT

mosvrili kaci, romlis cnoba erT-

baSad gagviWirda. es iyo megreli

TavadiSvili nikoloz aleqsandres

Ze miqaZe. mosulma kolubiakins

gadasca werili da dasZina: “eka-

terinesagan gaxlavarTo”.

axsna ar gvWiroda, vicodiT, rom

“ekaterine” iyo _ samegrelos ded-

ofali, ubrwyinvalesis daviT da-

dianis meuRle.

werili mokle iyo. kolubiakinma

xelaT gadahkra Tvali, daagdo magi-

daze da gviTxra: waikiTxeTo. TviTon

skamidan wamodga, etyoboda, Semkr-

Tali iyo. mivida miqaZesTan da

dauwyo gamokiTxva.

werilis Sinaarsi, daaxloebiT

aseTi iyo:

“samegrelo mTlad ajanyebulia, _

iwereboda dedofali, _ me srulebiT

ar SemiZlia Tavi gavarTva. glexebi

sul mTlad Tavs gavidnen;

SeiaraRebuli brboebi srulebiT

ar gvemorCilebian. Tu RmerTi

gwamsT, Tqven TviTon momeSveleniT.

nikoloz petres Zev, da Tan wamoasx-

iT, sul ukanaskneli, 500 yazax-rusi

mainc; maSin-Ra SemeZleba ajanyeba

Cavaqro. erTi wuTic ar daaxanoT. me

qvaSxorSi vimyofebi da yvela mxri-

dan ajanyebul glexebi martyia. mi-

faraven Cemi erTguli Tavadebi.

ekaterine”.

miqaZe daRlilobisagan Zlivas

laparakobda. ocdaaTiod versis

manZili cxenis WenebiT gamouvlia

(samegreloSi maSin jer kidev ar iyo

safosto sadgurebi, romlebic omer-

faSas Semosevis dros daangries os-

malebma) da quTaisis guberniaSi rom

Semosula, safosto sadgurze safos-

to uremSi Camjdariyo da cxenebs

dauzogavad moerekeboda Turme.

ar SeeZlo dalagebiT, gabmiT

eTqva rame, nawyvet-nawyvetad la-

parakobda... isRa gavigeT, rom ajanye-

ba am eqvsis Tvis winad dawyebula.

dedofali am dros peterburgSi iyo

wasuli imperator aleqsandre

nikolozis Zis kurTxevaze

dasaswreblad. iqidan dabrunda

maisSi da yovlis RonisZiebiT

Seecada samegreloSi mSvidoba dae-

myarebina, magram yovelma cdam

amaoT Cauara da ajanyeba saSinlaT

moedo iqaurobas. memamuleni glexe-

bis brboebs emalebodnen, radgan

glexebi saca miaswrebdnen,

Seubraleblad eqceodnen; TviTon

dedofals saSiSroeba moeloda da

Tavi Seefarebina Tavis naTesavTan

meniki dadianis qalTan, qviSixorSi,

da masTan imyofebodnen grigoli da

konstantine dadianebi, mis mic-

valebul qmris, samegrelos mTavris,

daviTis Zmebi.

uRmerToba iqneboda Cvenis mxriv,

didsxans gagveCerebina daRlil-

daqanculi da damSeuli miqaZe da am-

bavi gamogvekiTxna, amitom, kolubi-

akinma ubrZana sasadiloSi vaxSami

moetanaT da miqaZec iqiT waayvanina,

TviTon ki qaRaldis saTamaSo magi-

das miujda da mogvmarTa am kiTxviT:

_ aba, batonebo, rogora hfiqrobT,

me ra unda vqna? Tqveni azri minda

gavigo da, akofovo, Sengan viwyeb.

_ Cemi azri is gaxlavsT, _ daiwyo

akofovma, _ rom, nikoloz petres Zev,

Seni saqme ar aris am saqmeSi Careva.

_ rogor Tu Cemi saqme ar aris?

maS es werili?

_ ra werili, ris werili! Sen

quTaisis gubernatori xar, werili

ras miqvia!

_ rogor ar gesmis, yazax-rusebsa

mTxovs ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg!..

_ mere sad aris ajanyeba? _

samegreloSi. Seni ra saqmea?! aiRos

da gagarins misweros.

Tavadi gagarini am dros quTaisis

general-gubernatori iyo da

droebiT soxumSi imyofeboda, e.i.

samegrelodan oTxjer ufro Sors,

vidre quTaisi.

_ Sen SegeZlo aseTi rCeva migeca

misTvis, imasTan qvaSxorSi rom

yofiliyav, da kargsac izamdi, magram

raki SenTvis rCeva ar ukiTxavs, ise

CemTan gamogzavna kaci, aba rogor

SemiZlia ar gaverio saqmeSi?

_ nikoloz petres Zev, dedofali

Sena gwers da Senc, nikoloz petres

Zev, SeuTvale _ gagarins miswere-Tqo.

_ Sen, Cemo kargo, mihqarav. war-

moidgine, Senis mezoblis saxls

cecxli waekida da Svela gTxova.

gana SegiZlia uaris Tqma?

_ nikoloz petres Zev, sxvis saqme-

Si nu erevi, Sen quTaisis guberna-

tori xar. ris saxli, ris cecxli, _

me Cemi saxli vici da yurs vugdeb,

cecxli ar waekidos... mezobeli ki

raSi medardeba, Tu RmerTi gwams; Tu

miss saxls cecxli ukidia, vcdilob,

Cemsas ara evnos ra.

_ adamiano, gaige, qalia, Svelas rom

mTxovs, Tavtani aqvs dakarguli,

umweoTaa darCenili.

_ Senc aiRe da gagarins miswere,

ekaterines werilic masve gaugzavne.

qalma Tav-tani dahkarga-Tqo... ise mis-

were. Sen ki nuRar waxval, did usi-

amovnobas gadaekidebi... rac Seni

saqme ar aris, imaSi raRaT erevi, Tu

RmerTi gwams... Sen quTaisis...

magram kolubiakinma sityva ar

daamTavrebina.

_ geyofa, geyofa, _ vxedav, rom

jorze Sejeq da iqidan kaci ver

Camogiyvans... gmadlob... Tqvena, ba-

tonebo, Tqven raRas ityviT? _ mogvi-

brunda Tavad erisTavs da me.

Cveni azri is iyo, rom gadaude-

bliv mivSvelebodi dedofals, rom

TviTon nikoloz petres Ze kolu-

biakini wasuliyo masTan, da, ra Tqma

unda, es ambavi ifrindas saSualebiT

gagarinisa da mefisnacvlisaTvis

ecnobebina.

kolubiakinic amasve apirebda. Cven

guli-gulSi veTanxmebodiT kolu-

biakins, Tumca arc imas uarvyofdiT,

rom akofovis sityvebSi praqtikuli

mosazreba iyo, da, rogorc Semdgom-

Si gamoirkva, misi mosazreba win-

daxedulebasac ar yofila mokle-

buli.

amgvarad, gadawyvetili iyo wasvla.

maSinaTve kaci gavugzavneT vice-

gubernators iv.m.iurCenkos da yaza-

xTa legionis komandirs boldirevs.

erT saaTSi wasasvlelad saWiro

brZaneba dasrulebuli iyo, kolu-

biakinma gaiyolia Tavadi erisTavi

da miqaZe, romelic Zlivas gaaRviZes

(vaxSams Semdeg daRlilobisagan mo-

celiliviT daeca da mkvdris ZiliT

CaeZina), da ramdenime aseul yaza-

xrusis TanxlebiT gaeqana

samegreloSi.

gubernatoris saxlis Sesaval-

Tan, Cemi gamoTxovebis dros, ako-

fovma jibidan saTuTune amoiRo,

9ilori

gagrZeleba. me-10 gv.

samegrelo da svaneTi

korneli borozdini

am wignis avtoris, korneli

borozdinis samsaxureobrivi kari-

era kavkasiaSi daiwyo. igi jer

mTavarmarTeblis kancelariaSi

muSaobda, Semdeg ki (1854 wels)

samegrelos dedofalTan miavlines

miwer-moweris sawarmoeblad da misi

Svilebis aRmzrdelad. 1858 wels

dainiSna senakis olqis ufrosad,

sadac 1867 wlamde imsaxura. swored

aq gaecno igi samegrelos mosaxleo-

bis yofas, romelic sainteresod aR-

wera Tavis wignSi.

borozdinis mogonebebSi sakmaod

vrclad aris gadmocemuli os-

maleTis jarebis mier samegre-

los awiokeba, romelic Semdeg

rusma jariskacebma alagmes.

10 ilori

cxviri burnuTiT gaitena

da miTxra:

“tyuilad ereva... misi

saqme ar aris, naxav, Tu ara.

es quTaisis gubernatoria!”

da erTmaneTs gavSordiT

kideca.

magram sanam kolubiakins

mivyvebodeT, modiT, mk-

iTxvelT gavacnoT is gare-

moeba, romelic win uZRoda

samegrelos ajanyebas, da

agreTve dedoflisa da kol-

ubiakinis pirovneba, da maSin

am mkiTxvelTaTvis gasagebi

iqneba mTavrobis Semdgomi

moqmedebani, am ambiT

gamowveuli.

Tavad aleqsandre gar-

sevanis Ze WavWavaZis meore

qali, ekaterine aleqsan-

dres asuli dadianisa,

swored iseTsave pirobebSi

iyo aRzrdili, rogorSic

izrdebodnen maSin sazo-

gadoT yvela mdidari da

saxelovani ojaxebi rus

Tavadaznaurobisa. musika,

simRera, xatva, franguli

ena da cekva Seadgenda

maSindeli maRali sazoga-

doebis gasaTxovar qalis

codnisa da talantis en-

ciklopedias, xolo gareg-

noba miss ganaTlebas, co-

TaT Tu bevraT, fassa

matebda da iers aZlevda.

misi ufrosi dai ukve ram-

denime weliwadi iyo, rac

qvrivad darCa Cvens sax-

elovans griboedovs, da

axla Tavis moxucebul

dedis magivroba gauwia

Taviss das da sazogadoe-

baSi gamohyavda. orive

kalmiT daxatulni lamaze-

bi iyvnen da Tavbrusa

hxvevdnen tfilisis maSin-

del axalgazrdobas; es

axalgazrdoba umetesad

Sedgeboda Wabukebisagan,

romelnic peterburgidan

kavkasiaSi moiswrafodnen

karieris gasakeTeblad da

romlebic atarebdnen did

aristokratiul gvarebs.

TviT griboedovi, rogorc

ukve vsTqviT, Tavis

meuRles “madonnas” eZaxda

im araamqveyniuri saxiere-

bisa da simSvidis gamo,

nino aleqsandres asulis

saucxoo TvalebSi rom

gamoixateboda. mis gverdiT

iyo sul mowinaaRmdege

mSveniereba _ misi dai,

romelSiac ganxorciele-

buli iyo mxiaruleba,

sificxle, gonebis

simaxvile da Tan Tvalebi

enTeboda cecxliT da maTs

mayurebels gulSi imedi

esaxeboda, rom es qali mo-

mavalSi mTlian xasiaTis

patronad gadaiq- ceoda.

roca im TayvanismcemelTa

Soris, romelnic gars ex-

vivnen ekaterine aleqsan-

dres asuls, win wamodga

iseTi saqmro, rogoric iyo

daviT dadiani, sxvebi yve-

lani ukan dadgnen.

mSoblebi erT wuTsac ar

Seyoymanebulan Tavisi

qali miecaT daviTisaTvis,

da imanac male samudamoT

waiyvana samegreloSi.

gagrZeleba iqneba

samegrelo da svaneTivaSingtoni. amerikis SeerTebulma

Statebma unda daiwyos seriozuli di-

alogi ruseTTan SeiaraRebaze kontro-

lis dawesebis Taobaze da xelmeored

gaaanalizos evropaSi raketsawinaaR-

mdego sistemis Seqmnis gegmebi. amgvari

rekomendaciebi amerikis prezident baraq

obamas administraciasa da amerikis

kongress gaugzavnes komisiis wevrebma,

romlebic Seiswavlian ruseTis mimarT

amerikis mier gasatarebel politikas.

saerTo jamSi komisiam gansaxilve-

lad warmoadgina 19 rekomendacia.

eqspertTa azriT, ruseTsa da amerikis

SeerTebul Statebs Soris TanamSrom-

lobis mniSvnelovani mimarTuleba unda

iyos saerTo politika iranisa da ma-

sobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRis gau-

vrceleblobis sferos mimarT.

am ori qveynis upirveles amocanad

aRniSnuli dokumentis Semqmnelebi mi-

iCneven terorizmTan erTobliv brZolas

da avRaneTsa da axlo aRmosavleTSi md-

gomareobis stabilizacias. eqspertebi

xazgasmiT aRniSnaven, rom evraziasa da

evropasi usafrTxoebis saerTo wesebis

SemuSavebisas ar SeiZleba mxedvelobaSi

ar iqnas miRebuli ruseTis azri.

dokumentSi xazgasmiTaa miTiTebuli,

rom ukraina da saqarTvelo mzad ar ar-

ian natoSi Sesasvlelad. eqspertebi

rCevas iZlevian, rom unda moiZebnos am

qveynebTan partniorul urTierTobaTa

ganviTarebis sxva SesaZleblobebi.

30-gverdiani moxseneba Sedgenil iqna

usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi wamyvani poli-

tologebis, politikosebisa da eqsper-

tebisa da ruseTis mimarT politikis

SemmuSavebeli orpartiuli komisiis

wevrebis moskovSi vizitis Sedegebze da-

fuZvnebiT.

delegacias xelmZRvanelobdnen

yofili senatorebi geri harti da Cak

heigeli. maT garda moskovSi Cafrindnen

prezidentis eqs-mrCeveli erovnuli us-

afrTxoebis sakiTxebSi brent sk-

oukrofti, saxelmwifo mdivnis yofili

moadgile riCard berti da sxva war-

momadgenlobiTi figurebi. isini maRal

doneze miiRes _ vizitis kulminacia

gaxldaT stumarTa Sexvedra dimitri

medvedevTan, romelsac eswreboda

ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministri

sergei lavrovi.

moxsenebis avtorebi amosaval wer-

tilad miiCneven imas, rom ruseTi "mtru-

lad ar aris ganwyobili amerikis mi-

marT, yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis _ mimd-

inare etapze". igi saerTod ar mis-

wrafvis vaSingtonTan konfrontaci-

isaken. da kidevac rom miiswrafvodes, am-

Jamad, _ msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis

gamo, _ mas ar gaaCnia "axali civi omis"

gasaCaRebeli resursi.

dokumentebis Semqmnelebs gverdi ar

auvliaT poloneTsa da CexoslovakiaSi

antisaraketo sistemebis ganlagebis

sakiTxisaTvis. moxsenebis avtorTa

azriT am problemasac axleburad unda

SevxedoT. kerZod, moskovi unda CaerTos

antisaraketo faris mSeneblobis pro-

cesebSi. amis optimaluri varianti

gaxlavT "gaerTianebuli sistemis Seqmna,

romelSic CarTuli iqnebian ruseTis

obieqtebi da mowyobilobebi".

garda amisa, amerikis prezidents

rekomendacia mieca "kategoriulad

mosTxovos kongress Secvalos jeqson-

venikis Casworeba" _ radgan igi aris "civi

omis uazro gadmonaSTi" (aRniSnuli Cas-

woreba 1974 wels iqna miRebuli kon-

gresmenebis henri jeqsonisa da Carlz

venikis iniciativiT, rac iTvaliswinebda

amerikasTan vaWrobis SezRudvebs so-

cialisturi banakis im qveynebisaTvis, rom-

lebic ewinaaRmdegebodnen ebraelebisa da

sxva sakuTari moqalaqeebis emigracias _

redaqciis ganmarteba).

19 rCevas Soris aris imis mowodebac,

rom mxari daeWiros evropelTa m,on-

domebas bunebrivi airis miwodebis di-

versificirebaze, raTa isini, am mxriv,

naklebad iyvnen damokidebuli ruseTze.

mTlianobaSi ki, moxsenebis Semd-

genelTa ganwyoba, pozitiuri da kon-

struqciulia. moxsenebis teqstis av-

torebs miaCniaT, rom masSi wamoweuli

ideebis realizacia, kompiuterebis pro-

gramistTa eniT rom vTqvaT, saSualebas

iZleva moxdes ruseT-amerikis urTier-

TobaTa "gadatvirTva", romliskenac ase

iswrafvis amerikis axali saxelmwifo

mdivani hilari klintoni.

baraq obamam miiRo imis 19 instruqcia, Tu rogor unda elaparakos ruseTs

axalgazrda iuristTaAaso-

ciaciam sagzao samuSaoebSi

samarTlebrivi darRvevebi aR-

moaCina

saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa

asociaciam TbilisSi, sastumro `am-

basadorSi~ Tbisili-senaki-leseliZis

saavtomobilo magistralis nataxtari-

aRaianis monakveTis rekonstruqciis

monitoringis Sedegebis prezentacia

gamarTa.

rogorc asociaciis xelmZRvanelma

Tamar xidaSelma ganacxada, dReisaTvis

saqarTveloSi infrastruqtruris gan-

viTareba, gansakuTrebiT ki, saavtomo-

bilo gzebis mSenebloba da rekon-

struqcia aqtualuri Temaa. am proeqtebs

yovelwliurad sabiujeto saxsrebidan

Tu saerTaSoriso daxmarebebidan aseu-

lobiT milioni xmardeba.

axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia

fondi `Ria sazogadoeba-saqarTvelos~

finansuri mxardaWeriT axorcielebs

proeqts `sagzao infrastruqturis

ganviTarebaze gamoyofili sabiuje-

to Tanxebis monitoringi~. swored mis

farglebSi ganxorcielda nataxtari-

aRaianis 16-kilmetriani monakveTis

mSeneblobis samarTleblivi da fi-

nansuri monitoringi. rogorc proe-

qtis koordinatorma Tamar CugoSvilma

ganacxada, aRniSnuli monakveTis

mSeneblobasa da ganaTebas saxelmwifo

biujetidan 80 milioni lari moxmar-

da.

asociaciis monitoringis Sedegad am

Tanxis gankargvis procesSi ara erTi

kanondarRveva gamovlinda. kerZod,

mravaljer dairRva saxelmwifo Sesyid-

vebis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis moTx-

ovnebi. am kanonis Tanaxmad, tenderis

Sesaxeb gancxadeba adgilobrivi mediis

garda ucxo qveynis mediiTac unda

gamoqveynebuliyo, romelic saerTa-

Soriso masStabiT farTod vrceldeba.

Tumca gancxadeba mxolod or adgilo-

briv gazeTSi _ `24 saaTsa~ da `mesin-

jerSi~ gamoqveynda.

amasTan, gamovlinda tenderis monaw-

ileTa mimarT araTanabari midgoma.

kerZod, erT-erTi predendenti Sps, `d da

g teqnologi~ tenderis meore etapze, Se-

fasebis stadiaze tenders sruliad

dausabuTeblad gamoeTiSa. amasTan, ar

arsebobda aRniSnuli kompaniis ten-

deridan gamoTiSvis samarTlebrivi sa-

fuZveli.

amasTan, tenderSi gamarjvebulad

gamocxadda ara is satendero Se-

Tavazeba, romelsac satendero komisi-

is wevrTa umravlesobam misca xma,

aramed individualuri Sefasebebis

mixedviT erT-erT bolo adgilze myofi

Sps `zimos~ alternatiuli winadadeba,

rac Egulisxmobda asfaltis safaris

nacvlad cementobetonis safaris mTel

sagzao monakveTze dagebas. gana sei-

Zleba eWvis Setana imaSi, rom am Sps-s

zurgs romeliRac maRalCinosani uma-

grebs.

asociaciam monitoringisas sxva dar-

Rvevebic gamoavlina. saavtomobilo

gzebis departamentis Tavmjdomaris

moadgile irakli liTaniSvili, romel-

ic prezentacias eswreboda, asociaciis

SeniSvnebs ar daeTanxma. rogorc man Ju-

rnalistebs ganucxada, ukeTesi iqnebo-

da, Tuki aRniSnuli organizaciis war-

momadgenlebi am sakiTxs kvalificiurad

Seiswavlidnen da sagzao departament-

Tan iTanamSromlebdnen.

ras izam, kritika, Tundac samarTliani

da damsaxurebuli, bevrs ar siamovnebs

da yvelaferze midis, raTa mundiris

Rirseba daicvas.

magram, rogorc amboben, faqti jiutia

da carieli sityvebiT ama Tu im saqme-

Si sakuTari braleulobis gaqarwyleba

praqtikulad SeuZlebelia.

axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, ki

uaxloes momavalSi, qarTul medias

sxva sagzao monakveTebis samSeneblo-

sareabilitacio samuSaoebis (ra Tqma

unda _ uxarisxod Catarebuli) moni-

toringis Sedegebsac gaacnobs.

regionebSi policiam mZRolebs

9 aprils muSaoba aukrZala

policiis TanamSromlebma regionebSi mikroavtobusebisa da

avtobusebis mZRolebs 9 aprils muSaoba aukrZales, _ iuwye-

ba kaxeTis sainformacio centri.

mZRolebis TqmiT, samarTaldamcavebma isini gaafrTxiles, rom

9 aprils TbilisSi dagegmil aqciaze regionebidan moqalaqeebi

ar Camoiyvanon, momsaxurebisaTvis ra odenobis Tanxac unda Ses-

Tavazon. maTive TqmiT, policiis TanamSromlebma isic uTxres,

rom, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aRniSnul moTxovnas ar daemorCilebian,

sapatrulo policiasTan da sxva samsaxurebTan seriozuli

problemebi SeeqmnebaT.

`mZRolebisTvis 9 aprilis aqciaze raionebidan xalxis Cay-

vanis akrZalvasTan dakavSirebiT Ss saministrodan komentari

ver movipoveT. ara erTi mcdelobis miuxedavad, Ss saministros

administraciis ufrosma SoTa xizaniSvilma da saministros

pressamsaxuris warmomadgenelma zurab gvenetaZem Cveni

satelefono zarebi upasuxod datoves~, _ iuwyeba kaxeTis sain-

formacio centri.

arasamTavrobo organizacia `adamianis uflebaTa centris~

iuristebis SefasebiT, mZRolebisTvis 9 aprils regionebidan

TbilisSi xalxis gadayvanis akrZalva maTTvis kanonieri qmede-

bis SezRudva da nebis Tavisuflad gamovlenaSi xelSeSlaa,

rac saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT dasjadia. Tumca,

amave iuristebis TqmiT, policiis TanamSromlebs amisaTvis ara

Tu dasjian, aramed, davalebis saukeTesod Sesrulebis

SemTxvevaSi, daawinaureben.

qarTul problemebTan pirispir

saagento "vesti":

11ilori

film “monaniebaSi” gaJR-

erebuli es amazrzeni fraza

kidev erTxel mianiSnebs, rom

mkvleloba iseTi mZime

danaSaulia, romelsac

mkvlelis momavali Taobebic

ki ver moinanieben. mkvleloba

TavisTavad saSinelebaa, magram

yvelaze didi saSineleba da

amazrzeni qmedeba gaxlavT is,

rom dedas mouklav erTaderT

vaJkacs, da erT wamSi daukar-

gav azrs mis sicocxles.

aseTi deda wamsve iqceva

ubedur arsebad, romlisTvis

sikvdili yvelaze sanukvari

da sanatrelia.

mainteresebs, ras ganic-

dida sikvdilis win sandro

girgvlianis deda _ qalba-

toni irina enuqiZe, romelic

swored Svilze dardma

gadaiyola. albaT im imediT

dastova es codvili wuTi-

sofeli, rom sakuTar Svil-

Tan midioda, mouvlida,

Tmebze xels gadausvamda...

vin icis!

kacisgan wyevla ar egebis,

magram yvelas, vinc irina

enuqiZis codvaSi xeli urevia,

qarTvelma xalxma wyevla da

zizRi unda gaugzavnos, TiTo

sanTeli unda daanTos

imisaTvis, rom am wyevlam da

zizRma adresati ipovos. san-

dro girgvliani mkvlelebma

da mkvlelobis SemkveTebma

unda icodnen, rom maTi adgili

saqarTveloSi ar aris, rom maT

axlave unda dastovon

saqarTvelo, raTa TavianTi

udReuri yofa gaixangrZlivon,

Torem, erTi wamiT Tu war-

mogidgeniaT, ra dReSi Cayris

maT qarTveli xalxi

saakaSvilis xelisuflebis

Tavidan moSorebis Semdeg.

xolo is, rom saakaSvilis

xelisufleba qarTveli xalx-

is mteria da yvela mis prin-

cips ewinaaRmdegeba, iqidanac

Cans, rom sandro girgvlianis

mkvlelebi saakaSvils

Seuwyalebia (rac sasjelis

ganaxevrebaSi gamoixata). am

sakiTxs uTmobs yuradRebas

qarTuli masmedia.

miuxedavad sazogadoebrivi

aRSfoTebisa, saakaSvilma kidev

erTxel CaafurTxa qarTvel

xalxs sulSi da mkvlelebs

Tavisufleba uboZa, rac bevr

rameze metyvelebs.

pirvel yovlisa es aris

erTgvarad valis gadaxda am

oTxi msjavrdebulisaTvis,

imisaTvis, rom itvirTes am

danaSaulis simZime da ar

gaTqves Tanamonawileebi. am

pirebSi igulisxmebian sandro

girgvlianis mkvlelobis dRes

“SardenbarSi” myofi Sinagan

saqmeTa saministros fa-

voritebi daTa axalaia, vasil

sanoZe, oleg melnikovi, guram

(gurgen) donaZe da Sinagan

saqmeTa ministris meuRle Tako

salayaia-merabiSvili. saqmis

masalebidan gamomdinare, es

pirebi danaSaulSi Tanamonaw-

ileebad imxilebian. es

Sewyaleba iyo valis gadaxdis

aqti dumilis safasurad.

wyeulimc iyos yvela

mkvleli da maTze xelis dam-

farebeli!

meore mniSvnelovani faq-

tori xelisuflebis SiSi

gaxlavT. etyoba, marTla Za-

lian gauWirda da am mZime

viTarebaSi surs gverdiT

hyavdes is pirebi, romlebic

upirobod Seasruleben

xelisuflebis nebismier

binZur davalebas, Tundac es

sxva adamianis sicocxlis mo-

spobas gulisxmobdes.

xelisuflebam am ugunuri

gadawyvetilebiT kidev erTx-

el Tavxedurad gamoiwvia qar-

Tuli sazogadoeba. rogorc

Cans, xelisuflebas ar esmis,

ras iTxovs misgan sazoga-

doeba. kanoniT, mZime

danaSaulSi msjavrdebul pir-

Ta Sewyaleba dauSvebelia da

mkvlelobebSi, mkvlelobebis

mcdelobasa da yaCaRobaSi

braldebulTa sakiTxs

Sewyalebis komisia arc ki

ganixilavs. miuxedavad amisa,

prokuraturam “priviligire-

buli patimrebis” Sesawyale-

blad prezidentTan pirdapiri

gza gamoZebna. im skandalur

da mkacrad gasaidumloebul

siaSi, romelsac prezidentma

noemberSi xeli moawera, kon-

stituciuri usafrTxoebis de-

partamentis xelmZRvanelis,

soso TofuriZis Svilic aris

Seyvanili. TofuriZis vaJi

sasjels mkvlelobis mcde-

lobisaTvis ixdida (miuxe-

davad imisa, rom daWrili adg-

ilzeve gardaicvala, Tofur-

iZis vaJi jer mkvlelobis

mcdelobisaTvis gaasamarTles

da gavleniani mamis wyalobiT

saakaSvilma Seiwyala kidec).

roca xelisufleba sazo-

gadoebis konsolidaciaze,

Tanasworobasa da kanoniere-

baze laparakobs, sainteresoa,

aseTi faqtebis Semdeg ro-

gorRa apirebs sazogadoebis

mxardaWeris mopovebas? _ svams

paTetikur SekiTxvas qarTveli

Jurnalisti

xaTuna paiWaZe

“urwmuno adamiani martoobisas

mxolod sikvdilze fiqrobs... ”

“vaSington posti”, aSS

demokratiis Sua gzaze

gaCxiruli qveyana

oTxi wlis winaT aSS-s prezidentma

jorj buSma saqarTvelos “demokrati-

is Suqura uwoda” da msoflioSi

demokratiis gavrcelebis nimuSad aRi-

ara. mas Semdeg, marTalia, saqarTvelo

Zveleburad avtoritaruli qveyana aRar

iyo, magram arc demokratiul qveynad

qceula. rogorc Cans, es saxelmwifo

sadRac SuaSi gaiCxira. aq moqalaqeebi

winandelze meti uflebebiT sarge-

bloben, magram iseTi demokratiuli in-

stitutebi, rogorebicaa masmedia,

sasamarTloebi, saarCevno komisiebi da

politikuri partiebi, sustni arian da

cudad muSaoben. aseTi gaurkveveli md-

gomareoba saqarTveloSi sul ufro

tipuri xdeba.

gaxSirda saqarTvelos prezidentis

kritikac imis gamo, rom man mTeli xe-

lisufleba xelSi Caigdo, xels uSlis

parlamentis, masobrivi informaciis sa-

Sualebebis, sasamarTloebis da samo-

qalaqo sazogadoebis muSaobas, magram

aSS-dan mxolod kerZo pirTa kritika

ismoda. amerikis mxardaWeram saakaSvi-

lisadmi humanitaruli daxmarebis gazr-

da gamoiwvia, magram TiTqmis Sewyda sa-

zogadoebrivi organizaciebis dafi-

nanseba, rasac maTi funqciis Sewyveta

mohyva. dazaralda samoqalaqo sazoga-

doebrivi institutebic. saakaSvilis

ltolva avtoritarizmisken ver SeniS-

nes ara mxolod dasavleTSi, aramed re-

formistebma saqarTveloSic.

mixeil saakaSvilma asobiT korum-

pirebuli policieli da aTeulaTa-

sobiT saxelmwifo moxele daiTxova

samsaxurebidan, SemoiRo sistema, sadac

korufciaSi braldebuli biznesmeni

da moxele uzarmazar jarimas ixdis

sasamarTlodan Tavis dasaRwevad. biz-

nesmenTa umravlesoba nawilobriv uar-

sac ambobs Tavis sakuTrebaze. amis wy-

alobiT saxelmwifo biujeti kriziss

gadaurCa, magram amavdroulad Seiqmna

STabeWdileba, rom damnaSaves Tavi-

suflebis yidva fuliT SeeZlo, xolo

prokuraturis muSakebs _ maTTvis fu-

lis warTmeva.

ruseTTan agvistos omis Semdeg

saakaSvilma demokratiuli reformebis

“meore talRis” wamowyeba ganizraxa.

yofili parlamentis Tavmjdomare

nino burjanaZe da sxvebi saerTaSo-

riso sponsorebisgan standartebis

dawesebas moiTxoven, romlis mixedvi-

Tac SesaZlebeli iqneba miRweuli

warmatebebis Sefaseba. garda amisa, opo-

zicia masobrivi saprotesto aqciebis

mowyobas apirebs saakaSvilis gadad-

gomis moTxovniT.

“nezavisimaia gazeta”, ruseTi

ratom “uwvdis xels”

saakaSvili medvedevs

mixeil saakaSvili agvistos omis

Semdeg pirvelad alaparakda ruseTTan

megobrobaze. saqarTvelos gasabWoebis

wlisTavze man rus kolegas, dimitri

medvedevs “piradi sirTuleebis” da-

Zleva da dialogi SesTavaza.

saakaSvilma agvistos omis aqamde uc-

nobi detalebic gaaxmaura: misTvis

SeuTavazebiaT mTavrobis Cabareba,

armiis daSla da Tbilisis datoveba.

saqarTvelos prezidentis mier oku-

paciis muzeumSi warmoTqmuli sityva

urTierTgamomricxavi azrebiT iyo

savse. man ganacxada, rom saqarTvelos

dRes iseTi saSiSroeba emuqreba, ro-

goric TiTqmis erTi saukunis win _

roca pirveli rusuli aneqsia moxda.

CamoTvala yvela movlena, riTac

ruseTma qarTvel prezidentebs avno:

noe Jordania iZulebuli gaxda, kanon-

ierad mieCnia kompartiis qmedebani, ra-

mac 1921 wlis aneqsia gamoiwvia; zvi-

ad gamsaxurdia iZulebuli gaxda,

erovnuli gvardia daeSala, amitomac

saqarTvelom ruseTis gamklaveba ver

SeZlo; eduard SevardnaZem moskovis

karnaxiT daniSna ministrebi...

saakaSvils ki samxreT oseTSi agvis-

tos omisken ubiZga.

“SarSan, agvistoSi, roca ruseTma

Cvens qveyanas Semoutia, mec amgvar

situaciaSi aRmovCndi. magram Cven

sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde brZola

da samSoblos dacva gadavwyviteT.

bevri davkargeT, magram ara Rirseba”, _

aRniSna prezidentma. ruseTis muqaraze

saubrisas uecrad saakaSvilma Tqva, rom

dRes pirobebi agresiisTvis ar aris da

medvedevs pirad wyenaze maRla dad-

gomisa da dialogis dawyebisken mouwo-

da. etyoba, daaviwyda, rom ruseTis

prezidentma mas “politikuri gvami”

uwoda da araerTxel uTqvams,

saakaSvilTan mosalaparakeblad ar

davjdebio. “saqarTvelo mzad aris

ruseTTan Tanasworuflebiani Tanam-

SromlobisTvis im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is

saqarTvelos teritoriul mTlianobas

pativs scems. Cven ar davuSvebT,

saqarTveloSi sami saelCo iyos _

TbilisSi, soxumsa da cxinvalSi. Cven

ar gvinda gaxleCili diplomatiuri

urTierTobebi. roca ruseTi saqarTve-

los winaaRmdeg ekonomikur embargos

atarebda, Cven kari da guli gavuReT

rusul investiciebs”, _ ganacxada

saakaSvilma da erTi sityvac ar uTq-

vams imaze, rom rusul kompaniebs uari

eTqva gazsadenebis, portebis da

rkinigzebis privatizebaze. Tavisi sity-

va prezidentma Cveuli pasaJiT daas-

rula _ “saqarTvelo ueWvelad gaxde-

ba natos wevri!”

magram upasuxod darCa kiTxva _

konkretulad vin aiZulebda

saakaSvils mTavrobis Cabarebas, armi-

is daSlas da Tbilisis datovebas.

gaurkveveli darCa isic, Tu ris gakeTe-

bas apirebs prezidenti ruseTTan

urTierTobis mosagvareblad. marto

biznesmenebis mipatiJeba sakmarisi ar

aris, miT umetes, rom ruseTis kapitali

saprivatizacio procesebTan SerCevi-

Ti meTodiT daiSveba.

amave dros, unda vivaraudoT, rom

ruseTis mimarT saakaSvilis rever-

ansebi SinaurebisTvis aris

gamiznuli. SeuZlebelia, ar icodes,

rom is pirobebi, rac man moskovs

urTierTobis gamosasworeblad wauye-

na, kremlisTvis miuRebelia.

saqarTvelo kvlav Sida arastabil-

urobis safrTxis qveS aRmoCnda. _

opozicia am gazafxulze prezidentis

gadadgomas iTxovs da moskovTan di-

alogis aucileblobaze laparakobs,

katastroful mdgomareobas

mTlianad mas abralebs. amitomac

raRac mainc unda eTqva ruseTTan

urTierTobis gamosworebasTan

dakavSirebiT. man mSvenivrad icis, rom

axlo momavalSi es SeuZlebeli, sam-

agierod, mere sufTa sindisiT ganacx-

adebs, rom kidev erTxel gauwoda

ruseTs megobrobis xeli, magram

kremlma es ar dainaxa.

aSS_s samxedro-sahaero

Zalebma kvlav Seircxvines Tavi

`fainenSel taimsi~ am faqts

uwodebs ̀ morig sircxvils samxedro-

sahaero ZalebisaTvis~. 2006 wels

amerikis samxedro sardloba ganmar-

tavda, bombdamSenma SecdomiT rogor

gadaufrina mTel qveyanas eqvsi

birTvuli raketiT bortze.

amerikel samxedroebs ar SeuZliaT

aRmoaCinon birTvuli raketebis asobiT

mniSvnelovani detali. amis Sesaxeb wers

gazeTi `fiinenSel taimsi~, rodesac miu-

TiTebs mTavrobis Cinovnikebze, rom-

lebic icnoben pentagonis angariSs

birTvuli uSiSroebis sakiTxze. infor-

macia sabrZolo masalebis dakargvis

Sesaxeb pirvelad iqna naxsenebi amerike-

li admiralis kirkland donaldis

moxsenebaSi, romelic warmodgenili iyo

kongresis daxurul mosmenaze.

gazeTis wyaros cnobiT, pentagonis

`wiaRSi~ araviTari monacemebi araa

imis Sesaxeb, rom dakarguli kompo-

nentebi aRmoCnda im qveynebis gankar-

gulebaSi, `romlebsac isini ar unda

mieRoT~. miuxedavad amisa, Tavdacvis

saministros oficialurma warmo-

madgenlebma uari ganacxades am cno-

bis komentirebaze imaze miTiTebiT,

rom admiralis moxseneba daxuruli

iyo.

2006 wlis agvistoSi SeerTebulma

Statebma taivanSi gadaitana balis-

tikuri raketebis oTxi saTavo nawili

Sveulmfrenebis saakumulatoro bata-

reebis nacvlad. amas garda, sardlobam

dauSva, rom bombdamSeni b-52 sam saaTze

met xans dafrinavda amerikis SeerTe-

buli Statebis teritoriaze birTvuli

qobinebiT bortze. raketebi birTvuli

muxtebiT Camokidebuli iyo bomb-

damSenebis frTebze.

m s o f l i o p o l i t i k i s l a b i r i n T e b S i

12 ilori

masTan sicocxleze xelCaqneulebi midian

gamojanmrTelebulebi

brundebian

gagniZis preparati arCensavTvisebian simsivnur daavadebebs, kuW-nawlavis gauvalobas,kolits, fistulas, prostatits, buasils, nervis anTebas,nevrozs, fsiqikurad daavadebulebs, parkinsons, asTmas, Ciyvs,gulisa da Tirkmelebis daavadebebs, spobs azots TirkmelSi,hkurnavs gafantuli sklerozs da Sidss, Svelis cerebralurdamblas, yurebidan Cirqdenas, osteoqondrozs, gaimorits,sisxlis gaTeTrebas, sefsiss, botulizms, tuberkulozs,cerozs I da II stadiebSi, C-hepatits, botkins, elenTis, naRvlisbuStis daavadebebs, anTebiT procesebs, qlamidias, klimaqss, wy-luls, fsoriazs, saxsrebis daavadebebs, epilefsias, amyarebsimunitets, axdens Tavis tvinis ujredebis aRdgena-SenarCunebas,dadebiTad moqmedebs seqsualur darRvevebze da narkotikeb-

Tan damokidebulebebze.

k o o r d i n a t e b i a :

Telavi, kavkasionis quCa #61-b,

gagniZe biWiko (domenti).

tel: 893-22-66-51 8(250) 7-61-24

Tbilisi, winamZRvriSvilis 120

baTumi, asaTianis 11,

(orSabaTs, oTxSabaTs

da paraskevs, 10-dan 14 saaTamde).

iumori

gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli

publikaciis avtorebs

ekisrebaT

pasuxismgebloba

faqtebisa da

monacemebis sizusteze

redaqciis misamarTia:

Tbilisi,

tabiZis quCa #23

anaklia@.web.dee-mail:elisabetthal@.yahoo.de

reklamis ganTavseba

923-758

mTavari redaqtori: roland jalaRania

mT. redaqtoris moadgile: daviT qobalia

teqnikuri redaqtori: mixeil CodriSvili

ori narkomani caTambjenis saxuravze dgas.

_ Seni azriT, aqedan ramden xans ifren?

_ albaT, xuTi dRe.

_ roca Cavvardebi, movkvdebi?

_ aba, xuTi dRe saWmlisa da wylis gareSe ra gagaZlebinebs!

mdivanma qalma bavSvi gaaCina. Sefma moadgile gamoiZaxa da

eubneba:

_ aq Wori gavrcelda, TiTqos mdivani qalis vaJi wylis wve-

TiviT mgavs. wadi, gamoarkvie da momaxsene.

moadgile wavida. ori saaTis Semdeg dabrunda da Sefs

moaxsena:

_ bavSvi zedgamoWrili Tqvena xarT _ TqvensaviT pataraa,

meloti, sqeli, arafris azrze araa da mxolod yvirili icis...

erTi ingliseli pianisti sagastrolo mogzaurobaSi imy-

ofeboda axlo aRmosavleTSi. igi moulodnelad dabrunda sam-

SobloSi. roca cnobilma diriJorma tomas biCemma gas-

trolebis Sewyvetis mizezi hkiTxa, pianistma upasuxa:

_ iciT, arabebma orjer mesroles!

_ ras ambobT, _ gaikvirva biCemma, _ nuTu arabebi ase kargad

erkvevian musikaSi?

ruseTSi Seiqmna

specialuri

yumbarsatyorcni

mekobreobis Temaze axla

mTeli msoflio msjelobs.

rusebma ̀ bazaltis~ sawarmodan

gadawyvites mekobreebTan br-

ZolaSi gamoiyenon yum-

barsatyorcni.

saerTod, `bazaltis~ pro-

duqcia kargadaa cnobili. di-

versiis sawinaaRmdego yum-

barsatyorcni rusebs Seiara-

RebaSi aqvT 90-iani wlebis Sua

periodidan. `am yumbarsatyor-

cnis gansxvaveba isaa, rom is Sei-

Zleba gamoiyeno rogorc nebis-

mieri sasroli iaraRi. es niS-

navs, rom SeiZleba isrolo

naxevrad daxuruli Senobidan,

rac metad mniSvnelovania, gemi-

dan, katarRidan, wyalqveSa navi-

dan da Sveulmfrenidanac ki~, _

ganmarta `bazaltis~ mTavarma

konstruqtorma nikolai

seredam.

venera globalurma daTbobam gaanadgura

evropis kosmosuri saagentos “esas” specialistebma am

cota xnis winaT Tanamgzavr “venus eqspresis” mier Ria

kosmosSi gadaRebuli axali fotoebi miiRes, romelTa

gaanalizebis Semdeg daadgines, rom planeta venera,

Turme, globalur daTbobas mniSvnelovnad dauzar-

alebia da SeiZleba iTqvas _ gaunadgurebia kidec.

evropelebis varaudiT, erT dros venera Tavisi

bunebiT dedamiwas saocrad hgavda, magram globaluri

daTbobis Sedegad, romelsac samyarosaTvis udidesi

problemebi milionobiT wlis winac Seuqmnia, planeta

seriozulad gadasxvaferebula _ wyali aorTqlebula,

atmosferos simkvrive gazrdila da venera gavarvare-

bul jojoxeTad qceula, sadac sicocxlis arseboba,

ubralod, SeuZlebeli iqneboda.

xom ar elis globaluri daTbobis mizeziT msgavsi

bedi dedamiwasac?

astronomebi amboben, rom venera Zalian waagavs

dedamiwas. planetebs aqvT TiTqmis erTnairi niadagis

Semadgenloba da wiaRis Sinagani agebuleba, amasTan, maTi

masac ki faqtobrivad erTmaneTis msgavsia.

“venera mzisgan daaxloebiT im raodenobis siTbos

iRebs, rogorsac dedamiwa“ _ ambobs “esas” wamyvani spe-

cialisti ludmila zasova.

gamoricxuli ar aris, klimaturi pirobebi poluse-

bze mainc identuri iyos, Tumca amis damamtkicebeli

sabuTebis mopoveba, jerjerobiT, ver xerxdeba. amdenad,

rTuli saTqmelia, gaiziarebs Tu ara dedamiwa imave

beds, rac veneras SeemTxva?

sabednierod, globaluri daTboba, yovel

SemTxvevaSi, jerjerobiT mainc, fatalur Sedegebs ar

gviqadis, radgan ase rom iyos, mecnierebi amis Tqmas

namdvilad ar moeridebodnen, Tundac imitom, rom war-

sulSic araerTxel gauxeTqavT adamianebisTvis

guli TavianTi gaTvlebiT da prognozebiT.

mokled, jerjerobiT, mSvidad Zilis saSualeba

namdvilad gvaqvs...

meore msoflio omis

damTavrebis Semdeg, kerZod,

1946 wels fifas kongresze mi-

iRes gadawyvetileba, rom 1954

wlis msoflio Cempionati

fexburTSi gamarTuliyo Sve-

icariaSi. msoflio Cempi-

onatebis mimarT interesi

SesamCnevad gaizarda, rasac

mowmobda am CempionatSi aziis

(iaponia, samxreT korea)

qveynebis Cabma. Cempionatis win

kidev erTi aRsaniSnavi faqti

is iyo, rom msoflio Cempi-

onatis fuZemdebeli frangi

Jiul rime Tanamdebobaze bel-

gielma rodolfo sel-

dreiersma Secvala.

SeveicariaSi vars kvla vebiT

dakompleqtebuli ramodenime

gundi Cavida. magaliTad,

msoflios 1930 da 1950 wlebis

msoflio Cempion urugvais

gundSi gamodiodnen: mekare

maspoli, mcvelebi: varela da an-

drade, Tavdamsxmelebi: skiafi-

no da miguesi. kargi gundiT iyo

warmodgenili avstriis

erovnuli gundic. aseve aR-

saniSnavia iugoslaviis

erovnuli nakrebi, romelTa

rigebSic brwyinavdnen: boSkovi,

zebeci, mitiCi, beara da Caikovs-

ki. gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis

Rirsia ungreTis erovnuli

nakrebic, romlis rigebSi

gamodiodnen tyavis burTis

jadoqrebi: puSkaSi, koSiCi,

groSiCi, hidegkuti da boJiki.

19509 wlidan 1954 wlis ivnisamde

ungreTis nakrebma 32 matCi

gamarTa da aqedan 29 matCi moi-

go, xolo sami fred daamTavra.

ungrelebma SveicariaSi starti

mSvenivrad aiRes. maT samxreT

koreas 9:0 mouges, xolo ger-

maniis federaciuli respub-

likis nakrebs _ 8:3. pirvel

jgufSi moaspareze safrangeTis

nakrebma meoTxedfinalSi ver

gaaRwia, xolo misi adgili

braziliis da iugoslaviis

erovnulma nakrebebma daikaves.

me-3 jgufidan meoTxedfinalis

sagzuri urugvaim da avstriam

moipova. me-4 jgufidan ki Semdeg

etapze inglisi da maspinZeli _

Sveicaria gavidnen. meoTxedfi-

nalSi Sveicarielebma 5:7

daTmes avstriis gundTan. ger-

maniis federaciulma respub-

likam 2:0 daamarcxa iugoslavia,

xolo urugvais gundma 4:2

sZlia ingliss. Semdeg meoTxed-

finalur matCSi ungrelebma 4:2

sZlies braziliis nakrebs.

pirvel naxevarfinalur matCSi

germaniam 6:1 mougo avstrias, un-

grelebma ki Sveicarielebs

sZlies 4:2. mesame adgilisaTvis

matCi msoflios eqs-Cempionebma

urugvaelebma 3:1 daTmes

avstrielebTan, romelTac brin-

jaos medlebi moipoves.

1954 wlis 4 ivliss Sve-

icariis dedaqalaq bernSi

gaimarTa Cempionatis finali,

rac marTlac SesaniSnavi

gamodga. ungrelTa gamarjve-

baSi eWvi aravis epareboda.

TamaSis dawyebidan rva wuTi

iyo gasuli da ungreTi ukve

2:0 igebda. Tumca germanelma

fexburTelebma farxmali ar

dayares da matCis me-19 wuTi-

saTvis ranma angariSi

gaaTanabra. TamaSis damTavre-

bamde 6 wuTiT adre ranma mor-

lokisgan miiRo burTi, daa-

muSava da daartya. groSiCis

naxtomma wamiT daigviana da

germanelebi dawinaurdnen.

darCenili eqvsi wuTi un-

grelebi grigaliseburad

utevdnen da hidegkutma gaitana

kidec goli, magram, msajma

TamaSgare mdgomareobis gamo

igi ar CaTvala. germaniis fed-

eraciuli respublikis nakre-

bi pirvelad gaxda msoflio

Cempioni. aRniSvnis Rirsia ger-

manelTa mwvrTneli zep her-

bergeri, romelmac maqsimalu-

rad momzadebuli germaniis

nakrebi Cempionad aqcia.

amrigad, msoflios me-5 Cem-

pioni gaxda gundi, romelmac

10 wlis win waago didi omi. es

gamarjveba germaniisaTvis

politikur da ekonomikur

winsvlad iqca, rac momavalSi

daamtkica kidec.

g.jalaRania

gazeTi “ilori” uZRveba rubrikas “msoflio Cempionatebi fexburTSi”, romelic asaxavs msoflio Cempionatebis finalur bataliebs.

Sveicaria _ 1954 weli

bombardirebi

Sandor koSiCi (ungreTi) _ 11 burTi;

maqs morloki (germania) _ 6 burTi;

erih probsti (avstria) _ 6 burTi.

Cempionatis simboluri nakrebi

groSiCi (ungreTi), jalma santosi (brazilia), birni (in-

glisi), librixi (germania), boJiki (ungreTi), andrade (urug-

vai), cibori (ungreTi), f.valteri (germania), koSiCi, puSkaSi

(orive ungreTi), borxesi (urugvai).

finali

gfr _ ungreTi 3:2 (2:2)

04.07.1954w. “vadrfStadion”

65.000 mayurebeli.

msajebi: u.lingi (inglisi), b.m.grifitsi (uelsi), v.orlan-

dini (italia).

gfr: tureki, pospali, kolmeieri, ekeli, librixi, mai, rani,

morloki, o.valteri, f.valteri (kapitani), Seferi.

ungreTi: groSiCi, buzanski, loranti, lantoSi, boJiki (kap-

itani), zaqariaSi, tibori, koSiCi, hidegkuti, puSkaSi, m. toti.

golebi: puSkaSi (6), cibori (8), morloki (10), rani (19,84).