Ç RESUMEN ANALÍTICO EN EDUCACIÓN - RAE ......software que programó los ensayos de elección discreta y las secuencias de ensayos para los programas de razón. Además de esto,

Ç

RESUMEN ANALÍTICO EN EDUCACIÓN - RAE –

1

FACULTAD PSICOLOGÍA PROGRAMA DE PSICOLOGÍA MAESTRÍA EN PSICOLOGÍA

BOGOTÁ D.C. LICENCIA CREATIVE COMMONS: Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5

Colombia (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5)

AÑO DE ELABORACIÓN: 2019 TÍTULO: Efecto del entrenamiento en programas de razón en la conducta de autocontrol AUTOR (ES): González Cardozo, Heriberto José DIRECTOR(ES): Santacoloma Suárez, Andres Mauricio ASESOR (ES): Avendaño Prieto, Bertha Lucia

MODALIDAD: Tesis de maestria

PÁGINAS: 94 TABLAS: 17 CUADROS: FIGURAS: 5 ANEXOS:

CONTENIDO:

1. Resumen.

2. Justificación.

3. Conducta de elección.

4. El valor del reforzador.

5. Economía conductual.

6. Conducta de autocontrol.

7. Contingencias de reforzamiento.

8. Programas de reforzamiento.

9. Objetivos.

10. Método.

11. Consideraciones éticas.

12. Análisis de resultados.

13. Discusión de resultados.

14. Referencias.

Ç


2

PALABRAS CLAVES: AUTOCONTROL, PROGRAMAS DE REFORZAMIENTO,

ELECCIÓN, RETARDO DEL REFORZAMIENTO, CANTIDAD DE

REFORZAMIENTO.

DESCRIPCIÓN: El presente estudio buscó determinar el efecto del entrenamiento en

programas de razón fija y razón variable, en la conducta de autocontrol. Se realizó un

estudio cuasi experimental, para lo cual se elaboró un software que permitió registrar y

almacenar las respuestas y el puntaje asociado. Se asignaron de manera aleatoria diez (10)

estudiantes universitarios, a diez condiciones (9 experimentales y 1 control). El

procedimiento estuvo estructurado en tres fases. La primera fase consistió en la obtención

de la línea de base mediante ensayos de elección discreta, en los cuales el valor y demora

del reforzador presentaron variaciones. En la segunda fase, cada participante fue expuesto a

un programa de razón fija, o razón variable, y en la tercera fase, se regresó a la línea de

base mediante ensayos de elección discreta, los cuales guardaron las mismas

especificaciones de la línea de base. METODOLOGÍA: El estudio fue de corte cuasi-experimental, que se caracterizó por

determinar la relación causal entre el criterio por el cual se realizó la entrega del reforzador

variable independiente, sobre la conducta de autocontrol variable dependiente, para ello se

implementó un diseño intrasujeto tipo ABA, caracterizado por la presencia de dos

condiciones de evaluación y un tratamiento. Para realizar la investigación, se diseñó un

software que programó los ensayos de elección discreta y las secuencias de ensayos para

los programas de razón. Además de esto, el programa permitió registrar la ejecución de los

participantes, así como, la asignación aleatoria de cada participante en las condiciones

experimentales y de control. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontró, un cambio en las tasas relativas de cuatro participantes

(S1, S2, S5 y S8), cuando distintas cantidades son entregadas en distintos retardos. Asi

mismo, tambien se encontró un cambio en las tasas relativas de tres participantes (S3, S4 y

S7), cuando distintas cantidades son entregadas con el mismo retardo. Por otra parte, se

encontró que el límite en la cantidad de ensayos disponibles, no es un factor que determine

la escogencia de aquellos reforzadores que son entregados después de una demora larga en

el tiempo. De igual forma, se encontró que la sensibilidad a la demora en la entrega del

reforzador es un factor que incide en la localización del patrón de la conducta.

Ç


3

FUENTES: Barlow, D., & Hersen, M. (1984). Diseños experimentales de caso único. Madrid: MARTINEZ

ROCA. ISBN: 9788427011984.

Baron, A., & Perone, M. (1998). Experimental design and analysis in the laboratory study of human

operant behavior. In Lattal, K.A., & Perone, M. (Eds), Manual in research methods in human

operant behavior (pp.45-95). New York: Springer Science + Business Media, LLC. ISBN: 978-

1489919496.

Baum, W. M., & Rachlin, H. C. (1969). Choice as time allocation. Journal of the Experimental

Analysis of Behavior, 12(6), 861–874. Doi:10.1901/jeab.1969.12-861.

Baum, W. M. (1973). The correlation-based law of effect. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of

Behavior, 20(1), 137–153. Doi:10.1901/jeab.1973.20-137.

Baum, W. M. (1974). Chained concurrent schedules: reinforcement as situation transition. Journal

of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 22(1), 91–101. Doi:10.1901/jeab.1974.22-91.

Baum, W. M. (1974). On two types of deviation from the matching law: bias and undermatching.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 22(1), 231–242. Doi:10.1901/jeab.1974.22-

231.

Baum, W. M. (1979). Matching, undermatching, and overmatching in studies of choice. Journal of

the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 32(2), 269–281. Doi:10.1901/jeab.1979.32-269.

Baum, W. M. (1982). Choice, changeover, and travel. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of

Behavior, 38(1), 35–49. Doi 10.1901/jeab.1982.38-35.

http://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1979.32-269

Ç


4

Baum, W. M. (1989). Quantitative prediction and molar description of the environment. The

Behavior Analyst, 12(2), 167–176. Recuperado de:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223959845.

Baum, W. M. (1993). Performances on ratio and interval schedules of reinforcement: Data and

theory. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 59(2), 245–264. Doi:

10.1901/jeab.1993.59-245.

Baum, W. M. (2002). From molecular to molar: a paradigm shift in behavior analysis. Journal of


Baum, W. M. (2005) Understanding Behaviorism: Science, Behavior and Culture. USA:

BLACKWELL PUBLISHING. ISBN: 978-1-4051-1261-1.

Baum, W. M. (2012). Rethinking Reinforcement: Allocation, Induction, and Contingency. Journal

of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 97(1), 101–124. Do:10.1901/jeab.2012.97-101

Baum, W. M. (2016). Driven by consequences the multiscale molar view of choice. Managerial And

Decision Economics, 37: 239–248 Doi: 10.1002/mde.2713.

Binder, L. M., Dixon, M. R., & Ghezzi, P. M. (2000). A procedure to teach self-control to children

with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33(2),

233–237. Doi:10.1901/jaba.2000.33-233

Briones, G. (2011). Métodos y técnicas de investigación para las ciencias sociales. México Editorial

Trillas. ISBN: 978-968-24-6697-7.

Ç


5

Burns, G. L., & Staats, A. W. (1991). Rule-governed behavior: Unifying radical and paradigmatic

behaviorism. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 9, 127–143. Recuperado de

file:///C:/Users/Administrador/Downloads/anverbbehav00036-0127.pdf

Castro, L. & Rachlin, H. (1980). Self-reward, self-monitoring, and self-punishment as feedback in

weight control. Behavior Therapy, 11, 38-48. Doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.2.3.261.

Catania, A. C., & Cutts, D. (1963). Experimental control of superstitious responding in humans.


203.

Cataina, A.C., & Reynolds, G.S. (1968). A quantitative analysis of responding maintaining by

interval schedules of reinforcement. Journal of experimental analysis of behavior, 11(2), 327–

383. Doi:10.1901/jeab.1968.11-s327.

Catania, A.C. (1973). The concept of the operant in the analysis of behavior. Behaviorism, 1(2),

103-116. ISSN: 0090-4155.

Catania, A.C. (1975). Operantes concurrentes. En W Honig. (Eds), Manual de conducta operante,

investigaciones y aplicaciones (pp.264–330). México: Trillas Nueva. ISBN: 9682413338.

Catania, A. C., Reilly, M. P., Hand, D., Kehle, L. K., Valentine, L., & Shimoff, E. (2015). A

quantitative analysis of the behavior maintained by delayed reinforcers. Journal of the

Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 103(2), 288–331. Doi: 10.1002/jeab.138.

Chance, P. (2013). Learning and behavior. Belmont: CENGAGE Learning. ISBN: 978-

1111834968.

Ç


6

Chelonis, J.J., Logue, A.W., Sheehy, R., & Jlanbin, M. (1998). Effects on response effort on self-

control in rats, Animal Learning & Behavior, 26(4), 408-415. Doi: 10.3758/BF03199233.

Chung, S.-H., & Herrnstein, R. J. (1967). Choice and delay of reinforcement. Journal of the

Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 10(1), 67–74. Doi:10.1901/jeab.1967.10-67.

Cerutti, D. T. (1989). Discrimination theory of rule-governed behavior. Journal of the Experimental

Analysis of Behavior, 51(2), 259–276. Doi.10.1901/jeab.1989.51-259.

Davidson, M., & McCarthy, D. (1988). The matching law a research review. New York: Routledge.

ISBN: 978-1138194274.

Dozier, C. L., Iwata, B. A., Thomason-Sassi, J., Worsdell, A. S., & Wilson, D. M. (2012). A

comparison of two pairing procedures to establish praise as a reinforcer. Journal of Applied

Behavior Analysis, 45(4), 721–735. Doi:10.1901/jaba.2012.45-721.

Domjan, M. (2014). The principles of learning and behavior. United States: CENGAGE Learning.

ISBN: 978-1-285-08856-3.

Dreyfus, L. R., Dorman, L. G., Fetterman, J. G., & Stubbs, D. A. (1982). An invariant relation

between changing over and reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,

38(3), 327–338. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1982.38-327.

Dymond, S., Roche, B., & Rehfeldt, R.A. (2005). Teoría de los marcos relacionales y la

trasformación de las funciones del estímulo. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 37(2),

291-303. ISSN: 0120-0534

Dymond, S., & Roche, B.(2013). Advances in relational frame theory. Canada: New Harbinger

Publications. ISBN: 978-1-60882-448-9.

https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1982.38-327

Ç


7

Eisenberger, R., & Adornetto, M. (1986). Generalized self-control of delay and effort. Journal of

Personality and Social Psychology, 51(5), 1020-1031. Doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.5.1020.

Eisenberger, R., Weier, E, Masterson, E A., & Theis, L. Y. (1989). Fixed ratio schedules increase

generalized self-control: Preference for large rewards despite high effort or punishment.

Journal of Experimental Psychology, 15(4), 383-392. ISSN: 0097-7403/89.

Fantino, E. (1967). Preference for mixed- versus fixed-ratio schedules. Journal of the Experimental


Fantino, E. & Abarca, N. 1985. Choice, optimal foraging, and the delay-reduction hypothesis.

Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 8(2), 315-330. Doi: 10.1017/S0140525X00020847.

Ferster, C.B., Skinner, B. F.(1957). Schedules of reinforcement. United States of America: Copely

Publishing Group. ISBN: 0-87411-828x.

Ferster, C.B. (2002). Schedules of reinforcement with skinner. Journal of the experimental analysis

of behavior, 77(3), 303–311. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.2002.77-303.

Field, D. P., Tonneau, F., Ahearn, W., & Hineline, P. N. (1996). Preference between variable-ratio

and fixed-ratio schedules: local and extended relations. Journal of the Experimental Analysis

of Behavior, 66(3), 283–295. Doi:10.1901/jeab.1996.66-283.

Findley, J. D. (1958). Preference and Switching under Concurrent Scheduling. Journal of the


Flora, S. R., & Pavlik, W. B. (1992). Human self-control and the density of reinforcement. Journal

of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 57(2), 201–208. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1992.57-201.

http://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1992.57-201

Ç


8

Fong, E. H., Catagnus, R. M., Brodhead, M. T., Quigley, S., & Field, S. (2016). Developing the

Cultural Awareness Skills of Behavior Analysts. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 9(1), 84–

94.Doi:10.1007/s40617-016-0111-6.

Fortes, I., Vasconcelos, M., & Machado, A. (2015), The effect of response rate on reward value in a

self‐control task. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 103: 141-152.

Doi:10.1002/jeab.123.

Forzano, L. B., & Logue, A. W. (1995). Self-control and impulsiveness in children and adults:

Effects of food preferences. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 64(1), 33–46.

Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1995.64-33.

Forzano, L. B., Porter, J. M., & Mitchell, T. S., Jr. (1997). Self-control and impulsiveness in adult

human females: Effects of food preferences. Learning and Motivation, 28, 622–641.

Doi:10.1006/lmot.1997.0982.

Galizio, M. (1979). Contingency-shaped and rule-governed behavior: instructional control of

human loss avoidance. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 31(1), 53–70.

Doi:10.1901/jeab.1979.31-53

Goldiamond, I. (1976). Self-reinforcement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 9(4), 509–514.

Doi:10.1901/jaba.1976.9-509.

Guerrero, F., López, W., & Pérez-Acosta, A. (2002). Siete conductismos contemporáneos: una

síntesis verbal y gráfica. International. Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 2

(1), 103-113. ISSN: 1577-7057.

Ç


9

Grace, R., Schwendiman, J., & Nevin, J. (1998). Effects Of Unsignaled Delay Of Reinforcement

On Preference And Resistance To Change. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,

69(3), 247–261. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1998.69-247.

Green, L., & Freed, D. E. (1993). The substitutability of reinforcers. Journal of the Experimental


Green, L. (1998). Economía conductual conceptos económicos en el análisis experimental del

comportamiento. En R. Ardila. W. Lopez–Lopez, et al. (Eds), Manual de análisis experimental

del comportamiento (pp.137–163). España: Bibliotheca Nueva. ISBN:84-7030-541-7.

Green, L., Fray, A.F., & Myerson. J. (1994). Discounting of delayed rewards across the life span:

age differences in individual discounting functions. Psychological science. 5(1), 33-36.

Recuperado de: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40062338.

Green, L., Price, P. C., & Hamburger, M. E. (1995). Prisoner‟s dilemma and the pigeon: Control by

immediate consequences. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 64(1), 1–17.

Doi:10.1901/jeab.1995.64-1.

Green, L., & Rachlin, H. (1996). Commitment using punishment. Journal of the Experimental


Green, L., & Myerson, J. (2004). A Discounting Framework for Choice with Delayed and

Probabilistic Rewards. Psychological Bulletin, 130(5), 769–792.Doi:10.1037/0033-

2909.130.5.769

Hackenberg, T. D. (2009). Token reinforcement: a review and analysis. Journal of the Experimental


Ç


10

Hanson, J., & Green, L. (1989). Foraging decisions: patch choice and exploitation by pigeons.

Animal Behaviour, 37(6), 968-986. Doi: 10.1016/0003-3472(89)90141-3.

Hayes, S., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Roche, B. (2001). Relational frame theory a post-Skinnerian

account of human language and cognition. New York: KLUWER ACADEMIC

PUBLISHERS.ISBN: 0-306-46600-7.

Hernández-Samperi, R., Fernández-Collado, C., & Baptista-Lucio, M. (2014). Metodología de la

investigación. México: Editorial McGraw Hill. ISBN: 978-1-4562-2396-0.

Herrnstein, R. J. (1961). Relative and absolute strength of response as a function of frequency of

reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 4(3), 267–272.

Doi:10.1901/jeab.1961.4-267.

Herrnstein, R. J. (1964). Secondary reinforcement and rate of primary reinforcement. Journal of the


Herrnstein, R. J. (1970). On the law of effect. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 13,

243–266. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1970.13-243.

Herrnstein, R. J., & Loveland, D. H. (1975). Maximizing and matching on concurrent ratio

schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 24(1), 107–116.

Doi:10.1901/jeab.1975.24-107.

Herrnstein, R. J., & Vaughan, J. R. (1980). Melioration and behavioral allocation. En Staddon

J.E.R. (Eds), Limits to allocation the allocation of individual behavior (pp.143–176). New

York: Academic press. ISBN: 0-12-662650-2.

Ç


11

Hernestein, J. R. (1990). Rational choice, necessary but no sufficient. American psychologist. 45(3),

356-367. Doi:10.1037/0003-066X.45.3.356.

Hollard, V., & Davison, M. C. (1971). Preference for qualitatively different reinforcers. Journal of

the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 16(3), 375–380. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1971.16-375.

Horne, P. J., & Lowe, C. F. (1993). Determinants of human performance on concurrent

schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 59(1), 29–60. Doi:

10.1901/jeab.1993.59-29.

Hursh, S. R. (1980). Economic concepts for the analysis of behavior. Journal of the Experimental


Hursh, S. R. (1984). Behavioral economics. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,

42(3), 435–452. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1984.42-435.

Hursh, S. R., & Winger, G. (1995). Normalized demand for drugs and other reinforcers. Journal of


Hursh, S. R., Madden, G.M., Spiga, R., DeLeon, I. S., & Francisco, M. T. (2013). The Translational

Utility of Behavioral Economics: The Experimental Analysis of Consumption and Choice. En

Madden, G.J (Eds). APA Handbook of Behavior Analysis: Vol. 2. Translating Principles into

Practice. (pp. 191-224). United States of America: American Psychological Association. Doi:

10.1037/13938-008.

Ito, M., & Nakamura, K. (1998). Humans‟ choice in a self-control choice situation: sensitivity to

reinforcer amount, reinforcer delay, and overall reinforcement density. Journal of the

Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 69(1), 87–102. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1998.69-87.

http://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1993.59-29

http://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1993.59-29

Ç


12

Iversen, I. H. (2013). Single case research methods and overview. En Madden, G.J (Eds). APA

Handbook of Behavior Analysis: Vol. 1. (pp. 3-32). United States of America: American

Psychological Association. Doi: 10.1037/13938-008.

Johnson, M. W., & Bickel, W. K. (2006). Replacing Relative Reinforcing Efficacy with Behavioral

Economic Demand Curves. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 85(1), 73–93.

Doi:10.1901/jeab.2006.102-04.

Jones, R. T., Nelson, R. E., & Kazdin, A. E. (1977). The Role of External Variables in Self-

Reinforcement. Behavior Modification. 1(2), 147-176. Doi: 10.1177/014544557712001.

Kagel, J. H., Battalio, R.C., Green, L. (1995). Economic choice theory: an experimental analysis of

behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 0-521-45488-3.

Kazdin, A. E. (1973). Methodological and assessment considerations in evaluating reinforcement

programs in applied settings. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 6(3), 517–531.

Doi:10.1901/jaba.1973.6-517.

Kazdin, A. E. (2001). Métodos de investigación en psicología clínica. México : Pearson Educación.

ISBN: 970260009X.

Kazdin, A. E (2012). Behavior Modification in Applied Settings. United States of America:

Waveland Press. ISBN: 13: 978-1577667803.

Keller, F. S., & Shoenfeld, W. N. (1995). Principles of psychology a systematic text in the science

of behavior. United States of America: Appleton-Century-Crofts. ISBN: 1-46109-343-0.

Killeen, P. R. (1978). Stability criteria. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 29(1),

17–25. Doi:10.1901/jeab.1978.29-17.

Ç


13

Killeen, P. R., & Fantino, E. (1990). Unification of models for choice between delayed reinforcers.


189.

King, G.R., & Logue, A.W. (1987). Choice in a self-control paradigm with human subjects: Effects

of changeover delay duration Learning and Motivation, 4(18), 421-438. Doi:10.1016/0023-

9690(87)90006-3.

Kudadjie-Gyamfi, E., & Rachlin, H. (1996). Temporal patterning in choice among delayed

outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 65(1), 61–67. ISBN:

0749-5978/96.

Kudadjie-Gyamfi, E., & Rachlin, H. (2002). Rule-governed versus contingency-governed behavior

in a self-control task: effects of changes in contingencies. Behavioral Processes, 57 (1) 29–35.

Doi: 10.1016/S0376-6357(01)00205-4.

Lattal, K. A. (1995). Contingency and behavior analysis. The Behavior Analyst, 18(2), 209–224.

Doi: 10.1007/BF033.

Lattal, K. A., & Shahan, T. A. (1997). Differing views of contingencies: How contiguous? The

Behavior Analyst, 20(2), 149–154. Recuperado de:

file:///C:/Users/Administrador/Downloads/behavan00018-0091.pdf

León, O., & Montero, I. (1997). Diseño de investigaciones: introducción a la lógica de la

investigación en psicología y educación. Madrid: McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 84-481-1088-9.

Ç


14

Ley 1090 (06 de septiembre de 2006). Gobierno Nacional – Republica de Colombia, por la cual se

reglamenta el ejercicio de la profesión de psicología, se dicta el código deontológico y

bioético y otras disposiciones. Diario Official, ed. 46.383.

Locey, M.L., Pietras, C.J., & Hackenberg, T. D. (2009). Human risky choice: delay sensitivity

depends on reinforcer type. Journal Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Process.

35(1), 15-22. Doi: 10.1037/a0012378.

Locey, M. L., & Rachlin, H. (2012). Commitment and self-control in a prisoner‟s dilemma game.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 98(1), 89–103. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.2012.98-

89.

Loewestein, G. (2007). Out of control: visceral influences on behavior. Loewestein, G. (Eds),

Exotic preferences: Behavioral economics and human motivation (pp-523-563). New York:

Oxford university press. ISBN: 978-0-19-925707-2.

Logue, A. W., & Peña-Correal, T. E. (1984). Responding during reinforcement delay in a self-

control paradigm. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 41(3), 267–277. Doi:

10.1901/jeab.1984.41-267.

Logue, A. W., Rodríguez, M. L., Peña-Correal, T. E., & Mauro, B. C. (1984). Choice in a self-

control paradigm: Quantification of experience-based differences. Journal of the Experimental

Analysis of Behavior, 41(1), 53–67. Doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1984.41-53.

Logue, A.W., Forzano, L.B., & Ackerman, K.T (1996). Self-control in children; age, preference for

reinforcement amount and delay, and language ability. Learning motivation, 27, 260-277.

ISBN: 00.23-9690/96.

Ç


15

Logue, A. W., Peña-Correal, T. E., Rodríguez, M. L., & Kabela, E. (1986). Self-control in adult

humans: variation in positive reinforcer amount and delay. Journal of the Experimental

Analysis of Behavior, 46(2), 159–173. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1986.46-159.

Logue, A. W., King, G., Chavarro, A., & Volpe, J. (1990). Matching and maximizing in a self-

control paradigm using human subjects. Learning and Motivation, 21, 340–368.

Doi:10.1016/0023-9690 (90)90013-E.

Logue, A. W., Forzano, L. B., & Tobin, H. (1992). Independence of reinforcer amount and delay:

The generalized matching law and self-control in humans. Learning and Motivation, 23, 326–

342. Doi:10.1016/0023-9690(92)90012-B.

López, R., & Vega, P. (2017). Consentimiento informado en Medicina Práctica clínica e

investigación biomédica. Revista chilena de cardiología, 36(1), 57-66. Doi:10.4067/S0718-

85602017000100008.

Madden, G. J., Smethells, J. R., Ewan, E. E., & Hursh, S. R. (2007). Tests of Behavioral-Economic

Assessments of Relative Reinforcer Efficacy: Economic Substitutes. Journal of the


Mazur, J. E., & Logue, A. W. (1978). Choice in a “self-control” paradigm: effects of a fading

procedure. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 30(1), 11–17.

Doi:10.1901/jeab.1978.30-11.

Mazur, J. E. (1985). Probability and delay of reinforcement as factors in discrete-trial choice.


341.

http://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.30-11

Ç


16

Mazur, J.E. and Herrnstein, R.J. (1988) „On the functions relating delay, reinforcer value, and

behavior‟, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11(4), pp. 690–691. Doi:

10.1017/S0140525X00054091.

Mazur, J. E. (2006). Mathematical Models and the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Journal of


Mazur, J. E. (2012). Effects of Pre-Trial Response Requirements on Self-Control Choices by Rats

and Pigeons. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 97 (2), 215-230. Doi:

10.1901/jeab.2012.97-215.

Mazur, J. E. (2014). Learning and behavior. United States of North America: Pearson education

limited: ISBN: 1-292-02274-4.

McDowell, J. (2005). On The Classic and Modern Theories of Matching. Journal of the


Methells, J. R. and Reilly, M. P. (2015). Intertrial interval duration and impulsive choice. Journal of

the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 103: 153-165. Doi:10.1002/jeab.131.

Montero, I., & León, O. (2002). Clasificación y descripción de las metodologías de Investigación en

Psicología. Revista Internacional de Psicología Clínica y de la Salud. 2(3), 503-508. ISSN:

1576-7329.

Nevin, J. A. (1974). Response strength in multiple schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis

of Behavior, 21(3), 389–408. Doi:10.1901/jeab.1974.21-389.

Nevin, J. A., & Shahan, T. A. (2011). Behavioral momentum theory: equations and applications.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44(4), 877–895. Doi: 10.1901/jaba.2011.44-877.

Ç


17

O‟Donohue, W., & Kitchener, R. (1999). Handbook of behaviorism. San Diego, CA: Academic

Press. ISBN: 0125241909.

Odum, A. L., Ward, R. D., Anne Burke, K., & Barnes, C. A. (2006). The Effects of Delayed

Reinforcement on Variability and Repetition of Response Sequences. Journal of the

Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 86(2), 159–179. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.2006.58-05.

Pérez-Acosta, A.M., & Benjumea-Rodríguez, S. (2003).Adquisición y prueba de transferencia de la

discriminación condicional de palomas. Acta colombiana de psicología. 10, 45-71. ISSN:

0123-9155.

Priece, D. W., & Cheney, C. D. (2013). Behavior analysis and learning, New York: Psychological

Press. ISBN: 978-1-84872-615-4.

Podlesnik, C. A., Jimenez-Gomez, C., Ward, R. D., & Shahan, T. A. (2006). Resistance to Change

of Responding Maintained by Unsignaled Delays to Reinforcement: A Response-Bout

Analysis. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 85(3), 329–347. Doi:

10.1901/jeab.2006.47-05.

Rachlin, H., & Green, L. (1972). Commitment, choice and self-control. Journal of the Experimental


Rachlin, H. (1974). Self–Control. Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies, 2(1), 94-107.

Recuperado de: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27758811.

Rachlin, H., Green, L., Kagel, J., & Battalio, R .C (1976). Economic demand theory and

psychological studies of choice. En Bower G.H. (Eds), the psychology learning and

motivation. (Pp.129–154). New York: Academic press. Doi: 10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60466-1

http://www.jstor.org/stable/27758811

Ç


18

Rachlin, H. (1978). A molar theory of reinforcement schedules. Journal of the Experimental


Rachlin, H. (1980). Economics and behavioral psychology. En Staddon J.E.R. (Eds), Limits to

allocation the allocation of individual behavior (pp.205–236). New York: Academic press.

ISBN: 0-12-662650-2.

Rachlin, H., Battalio, R., Kagel, J., & Green, L. (1981). Maximization theory in behavioral

psychology. The behavioral and brain sciences, 3(4), 371-471. Doi:

10.1017/S0140525X00009407.

Rachlin H. (1984). Comportamiento y aprendizaje. Barcelona: Editorial Omega. ISBN:

9788428205580.

Rachlin, H. (1989). Judgment, Decision and Choice. A cognitive/behavioral synthesis. New York:

W.H.FREEMAN AND COMPANY. ISBN: 0-7167-1990-8.

Rachlin, H., Raineri, A., & Cross, D. (1991). Subjective probability and delay. Journal of the


Rachlin, H., & Laibson, D. (1997). Against optimization. Rachlin, H., & Laibson, D. (Eds), The

Matching Law papers in psychology and economics (pp-189-193). New York: Russell sage

foundation. ISBN: 0-674-06459-3.

Rachlin, H. (2004). The science of self-control. Cambridge Massachusetts London England:

Harvard University Press. ISBN: 0-674-01357-3.

Rachlin, H. (2007). Free Will from the Viewpoint of Teleological Behaviorism. Behavioral

Sciences & the Law, 24: 1-16. Doi: 10.1002/bsl.746.

Ç


19

Rachlin, H. (2010). How should we behave? a review of reasons and persons by Derek Parfit.


95

Rachlin, H. (2014). The scape of the mind. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978–0–19–

932235–0.

Rachlin, H. (2016). Self-Control Based on Soft Commitment. Association for Behavior Analysis

International, 39, 1-10. Doi: 10.1007/s40614-016-0054-9.

Reed, D. D., Niileksela, C. R., & Kaplan, B. A. (2013). Behavioral Economics: A Tutorial for

Behavior Analysts in Practice. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 6(1), 34–54.

Reese, H.W. (1989). Rules and RuIe-Governance Cognitive and Behavioristic Views. En Hayes,

S.C. (Eds), Rule-Governed Behavior Cognition, Contingencies, and Instructional Control.

(pp.3–74). New York: Plenum Press, New York and London. Doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0447-

1.

Rescorla, R. A. (1967). Pavlovian conditioning and its proper control procedures. Psychological

Review, 74(1), 71-80. Doi: 10.1037/h0024109.

Reynolds, G. S. (1968). A premier of operant conditioning. Glenview: SCOTT, FORESMAN AND

COMPANY. ISBN: 978-0673079640.

Revusky, S. H. (1963). A relationship between responses per reinforcement and preference during

concurrent VI VI. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 6(4), 518. Doi:

10.1901/jeab.1963.6-518.

Ç


20

Rezk, M. (1976). Auto-control: nociones básicas e investigación fundamental. Revista

latinoamericana de psicología. 8(3):389-397. ISSN: 0120-0534.

Ribes, E. y López, F. (2009). Teoría de la conducta: un análisis de campo y paramétrico. México:

Trillas. ISBN: 9789682417825.

Salvy, S.-J., Nitecki, L. A., & Epstein, L. H. (2009). Do Social Activities Substitute for Food in

Youth?. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 38(3), 205–212. Doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9145-0.

Sanabria, F. (2018). Premier on learning and conditioning a quantitative approach. United States of

America: ISBN:978-1-63189-421-3.

Shimoff, E., Matthews, B. A., & Catania, A. C. (1986). Human operant performance: Sensitivity

and pseudosensitivity to contingencies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,

46(2), 149–157. Doi:10.1901/jeab.1986.46-149.

Shull, R. L. (1970). The response-reinforcement dependency in fixed-interval schedules of

reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 14(1), 55–60.

Doi:10.1901/jeab.1970.14-55.

Shull, R. L., & Pliskoff, S. S. (1967). Changeover delay and concurrent schedules: some effects on

relative performance measures. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 10(6), 517–

527. Doi:10.1901/jeab.1967.10-517.

Schlinger, H. D., Blakely, E., Fillhard, J., & Poling, A. (1991). Defining terms in behavior analysis:

Reinforcer and discriminative stimulus. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 9, 153–161.

Recuperado de: file:///C:/Users/Administrador/Downloads/anverbbehav00036-0151.pdf

Ç


21

Sidman, M. (1962). Classical Avoidance without a warning stimulus. Journal of the Experimental

Analysis of Behavior, 5(1), 97–104. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1962.5-97.

Sidman, M. (1978). Técnicas de investigación científica evaluación de datos experimentales en

psicología. Barcelona: Editorial Fontanella. ISBN: 84-244-0455-6.

Savastano, H. I., & Fantino, E. (1994). Human choice in concurrent ratio-interval schedules of

reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 61(3), 453–463. Doi:

10.1901/jeab.1994.61-453.

Sinzer, O. (1987). Psicología experimental. Bogotá, Colombia: McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 968-422-040-

5.

Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behaviorism of organism an experimental analysis. New York:

APPLETON CENTURY CORFTS INC. ISBN: 1-58390-007-1. .

Skinner, B. F. (1971). Ciencia y conducta humana. Barcelona: Editorial Fontanella. ISBN: 978-84-

270-1039-0.

Skinner, B. F. (1975). La conducta de los organismos: un análisis experimental. Barcelona: Editorial

Fontanella. ISBN: 1-58390-007-1.

Documents

Ç RESUMEN ANALÍTICO EN EDUCACIÓN - RAE ......software que programó los ensayos de elección discreta y las secuencias de ensayos para los programas de razón. Además de esto,