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8/4/2019 Apuntes Ingles i
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SOME EXPRESSIONS USED IN
CLASSROOM
Asking the time classroom language.
What time is it? What’s this called in english?
What’s the time? How do you say that in english?
Can you tell me the time, please? Can you repeat that?
SPELLING can you speak slowly, please?
How do you spell that? I don’t understand.
Ff= double f I can’t see.
F= capital f I can’t hear.
F=small f What does that mean?
TELEPHONE NUMBERS What’s the answer to number one?
0= zero How do you pronounce that?
77=double seven
VOCABULARY.
Days of the week.
Sunday Thursday
Monday Friday
Tuesday Saturday.
Wednesday
Colors.
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Black green red
Blue orange white
Brown pink yellow
Gray purple
MONTHS.
January May September
February June October
March July November
April August December
CLASSROOM OBJECTS
Bag computer pen
Board desk pencil
Book eraser whiteout
CD player notebook
Chair paper
NUMBERS.
One twenty
Two twenty-one
Three twenty-two
Four thirty
Five forty
Six fifty
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Seven sixty
Eight seventy
Nine eighty
Ten ninety
Eleven a/one hundred
Twelve a/one thousand
Thirteen
Fourteen
Fifteen
Sixteen
Seventeen
Eighteen
Nineteen
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Present simple: to be
Affirmative Negative
I’m (=am) .
You’re (=are) in room 5.He’s (=is) from Mexico.
She’s (=is) from Brazil.
It’s (=is) Mia.
We’re (=are) American.
They’re (=are) from Costa Rica.
I’m not (=am not) a student.
You aren’t (=are not) in room 4. He isn’t (=is not) from Canada.
She isn’t (=is not) twenty.
It isn’t (=is not) our class.
We aren’t (=are not) Indian
They aren’t (= are not) teachers.
We usually use the contraction when speaking.
We use the full form in formal writing.
You, is both singular and plural.
Question Short answers
Am i in this class?
Are you American?
Is your mom American?
Is he from Spain?
Is this room 5?
Are we in this room?
Are they the same age?
Yes, you are/ no, you aren’t
Yes, i am./ no, I’m not.
Yes, she is./no, she isn’t.
Yes, he is./ no, he isn’t.
Yes, it is./ no, it isn’t.
Yes, we are./ no, we aren’t.
Yes, they are./ no, they aren’t.
Question forms with question word(s)
Where am I?
How old are you?
Where is Sacramento?
To make questions with to be, we invert the subject and the verb:
Where are you from?
I am from the USA.
We don’t use the contracted form in affirmative short answers:
Yes, I am. Yes, I’m. X
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Yes, he is. Yes, he’s. X
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES.
Subject pronoun Possessive adjective
I am American
You’re in room 5. She’s a student
He’s 21
It’s my pet parrot
We’re from lowa University.
They’re from Quebec.
My name’s Rosario
Your teacher is Mr. Fenton.Her name’s Mia.
His birthday is in November.
Its name is Marcel.
Our school is great.
Their first language is French.
His is used for a man and her is used for a woman.
You’re and your sound the same:
You’re in room 5. Your teacher is Ms. Gaines.
Your is both singular and plural.
SOME EXPRESSIONS.
Meeting people and exchanging personal information.
Hi. Hello
What’s your name? Mia./my name’s Mia.
Where are you from? I’m from Rio.
How old are you? I’m nineteen.
E-mail language
Start an informal e-mail or letter whit: Hi!
Finish an informal e-mail or letter with: Bye for now! Or Write soon!
@=at =dot
Lower case UPPER CASE alone word.
VOCABULARY.
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Country and Nationality.
Country Nationality Country Nationality
Brazil Brazilian Japan Japanese
Britain British Mexico Mexican
Canadá Canadian Spain Spanish
India Indian the USA American
Italia Italian
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This, that, these, those.
This, that, these, tho
those
We use this and these to talk about things that are near to us.
We use that and those to talk about things that are father away from us.
We use it’s or they’re in answers:
It’s a desk. They’re books.
A / an and plurals.
We use a and an to talk about one thing.
We use a before consonants and an before vowels:
I have a pencil and eraser.
We don’t use a or an to talk about more than one thing:
They’re bags.
Parts of speech.
Subject/pronoun Verb article adjective Noun
It
This
They
Is
Is
Are
A
An
_
Red
English
good
Pen .
Class.
Students.
Time expressions: in, on, at.
Singular Plural
This is a desk.
That is a table.
Those are books.
These are pens.
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We use in with years, months and the morning/afternoon/evening:
In 1897, in July, in the evening
We use at with times and night:
at four o’clock, at night
We use on with days and the weekend:
on Monday, on the weekend.
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PRESENT SIMPLE
We use the present simple to talk about habits and routines:
I don’t surf the net.
My mom sends text messages.
Affirmative Negative
I have a new cell phone
You have a alptop
He has a CD player
She has a games console
The school has 12 rooms
We have math at 2 p.m.
They have three brothers.
I don’t have a camera
You don’t have my CD
He doesn’t have a DVD
She doesn’t have a dog
My dog doesn’t have fleas
We don’t have a laptop
They don’t have any CDs.
We add don’t or doesn’t to make negative sentences.
Don’t= do not and doesn’t= does not.
In formal writing, we use the full form.
We usually use the contraction when speaking.
The affirmative verb is the same with I, you, we and they.
With he, she and it, we add- s to the verb.
Send- sends
Play- plays
The verb to have is irregular:
Have- has
Question short answers
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Do I have Mr. Duffy for English?
Do you have a digital camera?
Does she have a laptop?
Does he have a games console?
Does your school have a gym?
Do we have math in this room?
Do they have cell phones?
Yes, you do./no, you don’t
Yes, I do./ no, I don’t
Yes, she does./ no, she doesn’t
Yes, he does./no, he doesn’t.
Yes, it does./ no, it doesn’t.
Yes, we do./no, we don’t.
Yes, they do./ no, they don’t.
Question forms with question word(s)
Where do you live?
What music does he like?
*to make questions, we add do or does. The word order stays the same.
I have a digital camera.
Do you have a digital camera?
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS.
Comparing and agreeing
I surf the net. Me, too! I don’ t.
I don’t have a computer. Me, neither! I do.
VOCABULARY.
Technology
CD player
Cell pone
Digital camera
DVD player
Game console
Laptop
To listen to music online
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To play games online
To surf the net
To use e-mail
To visit chat rooms
CELEBRATIONS.
Anniversary
Birthday
Christmas.
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COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE
NOUNS.
Countable nouns
singular plural Uncountable nouns
Egg
Hamburger
Strawberry
Pea
Eggs
Hamburgers
Strawberries
peas
Rice
Coffee
Meat
Pasta
EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY.
Affirmative Negative Question
SingularCountable
Plural
Countable
uncountable
I have a banana
She has some grapes
We have some rice
I don’t have an apple
She doesn’t have any
Tomatoes.
We don’t have any
pasta.
Do you have a DVDplayer?
Do they have any
beans?
Do you have any fish?
We use some and any when the exact quantity is not important. We use some in affirmative
sentences and we use any in questions and negatives.
In affirmative sentences, we can use some, a lot of or nothing:
It has some strawberries and some cream.
It has a lot of nuts and a lot of butter.
It has peas and fish.
HOW MUCH?, HOW MANY?
We use how much and how many to ask about quantity. We use how much with
Uncountable nouns and how many with plural countable nouns:
How much milk is there? How many eggs are there?
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we also use how much to ask about prices:
how much is it? It’s $20.
A/AN, PER, EVERY.
We can use a/an, per and every in the same way:
I go swimming five times a week.
I run three times per week.
I go mountain biking once every month.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS.
ORDERING A MEAL.
What can I get you? I’ll have a hamburger and some French fries.
And do drink? Two coffees, please.
And for dessert? I’ll have some fruit salad.
What’s in the fruit salad? It has apples…
How much is it? It’s $19.50.
VOCABULARY.
FOOD AND DRINK.
Apple main course
Bean meat
Bread milk
Butter nut
Candy orange juice
Cheese pasta
Chicken pea
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Coffee rice
Cookie salad
Dessert soup
Egg starter
Fish strawberry
French fries tomato
Fruit vegetable lasagne
Fruit salad water
Grape yogurt
Hamburger
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THERE IS / THERE ARE.
Affirmative Negative
Uncountable
Singular countable
Plural countable
There’s some cheese.
There’s a supermarket.
There are some bars.
There isn’t any water.
There isn’t a pool.
There aren’t any malls.
Question Short answers
Uncountable
Singular countable
Plural countable
Is there any coffee?
Is there a hotel?
Are there any stores?
Yes, there is./ no, there isn’t.
We don’t use the contracted form in affirmative short answers:
Yes, there is. Yes, there’s. X
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE.
We use prepositions of place to say where things are:
Y X
X
X is opposite Y. Y is opposite X. X is in front of Y.
Y
X is above Y.
Y is below X.
X Y
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X Y second floor Y
X is next to Y. Y is next to X. first floor. X
X Y Z
Y is between X and Z.
A LOT OF / LOTS OF .
We use a lot of and lots to talk about large quantities. We use a lot of and lots of with countable
and uncountable nouns:
The store has a lot of fresh fruit.
There are lots of hotels downtown.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS.
CUSTOMER SERVICE.
Excuse me? Yes, ma’am. How can I help you?
Where’s the newsstand? It’s next to the elevator.
Is there a florist? I’m sorry, sir, there isn’t.
Thank you./thanks? You’re welcome. / Not al all.
VOCABULARY.
City facilities: stores and mall facilities:
Bar bookstore
Bus station elevator
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Hotel florist
Mall information desk
Market newsstand
Movie theater phone store
Park restaurant
Sports center restrooms
Subway station sports store
Swimming pool supermarket
Travel agency
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Add – s to most verbs Call —calls
Take—takes
With verbs that end in a consonant – y,
Take away the-y and add – ies
Study —studies
Fly — flies
With verbs that end in, ch, sh, s, x, add – es. Watch—watches
Wash—washes
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
Interview language:
Please take a seat.
What’s the salary?
How are you today?
What are my duties?
Tell me about yourself.
We’ll be in touch.
Do you have any questions?
Thank you for your time.
VOCABULARY:
Family: jobs job duties
Aunt company director to answer the phone
Brother doctor to call clients
Cousin homemaker to organize meetings
Daughter lawyer to sell products
Father / dad PA (personal assistant) to speak another language
Grandfather / grandpa police officer to take orders
Grandmother /grandma salesclerk to use a computer
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Mother/mom salesperson to visit clients
Sister teacher
Son
Uncle
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A / AN
We use a or an to talk about one thing. We use a before consonants:
I have a plate and a fork.
We use an before vowels:
Do you have an ice chest?
We use some and any when the quantity is not important. We use some and any with plural
countable nouns and uncountable nouns.
We use some in affirmative sentences:
I have some apples and some cheese.
We use any in most questions:
Do you have any matches?
We use some in questions when we expect that the answer is yes:
Do you have some money?
We use any in negatives:
I don’t have any bread and I don’t have any matches.
SPELLING: PLURAL NOUNS.
RULE Singular Plural
Add –s to most nouns Fork
Flashlight
Forks
Flashlights
Add –es to nouns ending in s.
sh, x or ch.
Box
Bus
Match
Boxes
Buses
Matches
Add –ies to nouns ending in
consonant y
Family
Dictionary
Families
Dictionaries
Add –ves to nouns ending infe
KnifeLife
KnivesLives
Irregular Man
Woman
Men
Women
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Child
person
Children
People
IMPERATIVES.
We use imperatives to give instructions and advice.
We use a verb to make affirmative imperatives:
Follow me! Keep to the paths.
We add don’t to imperatives to make them negative:
Don’t sit there!
We don’t use a subject in imperatives:
Sit down! You sit down!
Don’t swim in the ocean. You don’t swim in the ocean.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
MAKING SUGGESTIONS:
Let’s eat! Good idea!
We could stay in a hotel. I don’t think so.
Why don’t we go to a restaurant? No way!
Let’s get started. OK, why not?
VOCABULARY:
Camping items. Verb and noun phrases.
Backpack to go home
Boots to go into forest
First-aid kit to go to a restaurant
Flashlight to keep food in your tent
Fork to keep to the paths
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Ice chest to make a campfire
Knife to make loud noises
Matches
Plate
Sleeping bag
Spoon
Tent
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Present continuous.
We use the present continuous to talk about actions happening now or around now.
We form the present continuous with the verb to be – ing form of the verb.
Affirmative Negative
I’m wearing a pink skirt.
He/she/it’s working this week.
You/we/they’re buying ice cream.
I’m not wearing jeans.
He/she/it isn’t working.
You/we/they aren’t buying a coke.
Question Short answers
Am I helping?
Are you taking photos?Is he/she/it working?
Are we/they staying in this hotel?
Yes, you are./No, you aren’t.
Yes./no, I’m not. Yes, he/she/it is./no, he /she/it isn’t.
Yes, we/they are. / no, we /they aren’t.
Question forms with question word(s)
What is he/she/it doing?
What are you /we/they wearing?
We don’t use the contracted form in affirmative short answers:
Yes, it is. Yes, it’s. X
Yes, they are. Yes, they’re.
SPELLING: -ING FORM OF VERB.
Add –ing to most verbs Stand—standing
Laugh—laughing
With verbs that end in a consonant –e, take away
the –e and add –ing.
Take—taking
Write—writing
Make—making
With verbs that end in consonant –vowel –
consonant, double the final consonant and add –ing.
Sit—sitting
Swim--swimming
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS VS PRESENT
SIMPLE.
We use the presents simple to describe actions that are usually true:
I work in San Francisco. I have dark hair.
We use the present continuous to describe actions that are happening now:
I’m watching the TV. He’s cutting my hair.
WORD ORDER.
We put adjectives before nouns:
A red jacket. A shirt blue.
A fast car. A class difficult.
PUNCTUATION AND LINKERS.
We use commas(,) and to list things:
Andy is wearing white shorts, a blue T-shirt and sandals.
I’ll have a hamburger, French fries, beans and some coffee.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
Describing physical appearance.
What does he look like? He’s really good-looking
Is he tall? No, he’s short.
Does he have dark hair? No, he has fair hair.
Vocabulary:
Action verbs clothes physical
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To buy dress appearance
To eat jacket dark hair
To laugh jeans fair hair
To look at pants good-looking
To play shirt long hair
To sit to stand shoes pretty
To take (photos) skirt short
Sweater short hair
Tennis shoes tall
T-shirt
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CAN/ CAN’T.
We use can and can’t to talk about skills and abilities.
Affirmative Negative
I can dance.
You can sing really well.
He can cook.
She can paint.
An ostrich can run fast.
We can play volleyball.
They can play the piano.
I can’t sing.
You can’t dance.
He can’t drive.
She can’t speak Italian.
It can’t fly.
We can’t swim.
They can’t do first aid,
Question Short answers
Can I sing?
Can you dance?
Can he drive?
Can she speak French?
Can an ostrich fly?
Can we swim?
Can they take photos?
Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
Yes, he can. / No, he can’t.
Yes, she can. / No, she can’t.
Yes, it can. / No, it can’t.
Yes, we can. / No, we can’t.
Yes, they can. / No, they can’t.
We don’t add-s to the verb with he, she and it:
He can drive. She can plays tennis.
VERB AND NOUN COLLOCATIONS: PLAY, DO, GO.
We can combine verbs and nouns to make collocations.
When you learn a sport or activity, try to learn the verb that goes with it.
Use play with ball sports Play golf play basketball
Play hockey
Use go with activities ending in- ing Go ice skating go swimming
Go cycling
Use do with other sports and activities. Do karate do track and field
Do gym
AND, BUT, OR:
We use and, but and or to join ideas.
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I can play tennis and basketball.
Useful expressions:
Talking about ability.
I’m really bad at ice skating.
I’m not bad at swimming.
I’m pretty good at tennis.
I’m really good at volleyball.
Vocabulary:
Sports recreational activities
Basketball to cook
Cycling to do first aid
Golf to draw
Gym to drive
Hockey to paint
Ice skating to play basketball
Karate to play the piano
Track and field to ride a bike
Volleyball to speak another language
To swim
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Adverbs of frequency and how often.
Adverbs of frequency describe how often we do things.
They neverWork late on
Fridays
He’s sometimes Late for work.
She often haseggs for
breakfast.
We usually go tothe gym after
work.
I always get upbefore seven
o’clock.
0% 25% 75% 90% 100%
We put adverbs of frequency before most verbs:
We usually play tennis on Saturday morning.
We put the adverbs after the verb to be:
I’m never late for school.
We use how often to ask about frequency:
How often do you arrive at work before nine?
LIKE, LOVE, HATE – ING.
After like, love and hate, we use a noun or a verb –ing:
I love pizza and French fries!
Do you like eating out at restaurants?
He hates going clubbing.
I /you/we/they He/she/it.
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Affirmative
Negative
Yes/no question
Short answers
I hate watching TV.
They don’t like going out.
Do you like shopping?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t
She loves listening to music.
He doesn’t like eating out.
Does she like volleyball
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t.
Indefinite pronouns:
100%
50-90%
10-50%
0%
Everybody likes chocolate.
Most people love ice cream.
Some people hate fast food.
Nobody likes fish ice cream.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
Tell me about your typical day.
What time do you get up?
What do you do after that?
How often do you go shopping?
I get up at ten on the weekend/Saturdays.
First I take a shower.
Next I get dressed.
Then we take the children to school.
VOCABULARY:
DAILY ROUTINIE ACTIVITIES: FREE-TIME ACTIVITIES:
To arrive at work eating out at restaurants
To eat breakfast going to clubs
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To get dressed going in-line skating
To get home going to the movies
To get up hanging out with friends
To go shopping having fun on the beach
To leave home listening to music
To take a shower watching TV
To take the children to school
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WH- QUESTIONS.
We use who, where, what, what time, how and to ask questions.
To ask about We usePeople
Places
Things
Times
The way you do things
reasons
Who is your favorite pop singer?
Where is the train station?
What music do you like?
What time do you arrive home?
How do you get there?
Why does he have two cars?
Modifiers and How- adjective.
We use how – adjective to ask about degrees of a quality:
How fast is your car?
How far is it from London to Manchester?
We use the modifiers really, very, pretty and not very to talk about the degrees of a quality.
How hot is it?
15°c 25°c 32°c 40°c
It isn’t very hot in
Britain.
It’s pretty hot in
Spain.
It’s very hot brazil. It’s really hot in the
Sahara.
Useful expressions.
TALKING ABOUT THE WEATHER AND SEASONS.
What’s the weather like winter? It’s very cold, so wear warm clothes.
How cold is it? It’s really cold, around -10°C.
Vocabulary:
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FESTIVALS WEATHER ADJECTIVES. SEASONS
To celebrate cloudy spring
To dress up in costumes cold summer
To have a party cool fall/autumn
To make food dry hot winter
To play music rainy
To take part in parades snowy
To visit friends sunny
To watch fireworks warm
Windy