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Julio de 2011
Institución de Educación para el Trabajo y el Desarrollo
Humano InandinaINGLES TECNICO I
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INTRODUCCIÓN
Si atendemos a la extensión por sectores de la actividad humana, es necesario reconocer que apenas quedan unos pocos en los que el inglés no sea la lengua dominante. Lo es, sin duda, en todo lo relacionado con las nuevas tecnologías. La revolución de las telecomunicaciones está íntimamente ligada a la consolidación del inglés como lengua ordinaria de comunicación entre individuos y grupos con diferentes lenguas nativas.Lo mismo sucede en la política internacional, donde el inglés hace tiempo que reemplazó al francés como lengua de la diplomacia. Casi todos los organismos internacionales tienen al inglés como lengua oficial, y muchas veces el inglés es además la lengua de trabajo, ante la coexistencia de varios idiomas formalmente considerados como oficiales. Cuando se trata de comunicarse, el idioma escogido es en la gran mayoría de los casos el inglés. el inglés es la lengua dominante en la industria del petróleo teniendo en cuenta que la gran mayoría de ingenieros del petróleo que llegan a Colombia son de procedencia norteamericana, canadiense o europea al igual que las herramientas y equipos vienen con manuales en ingles, por esta razón, es necesario el conocimiento del ingles básico y técnico si la aspiración es mejorar su sueldo dentro de la industria del petróleo.
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ESTRUCTURA Y OBJETIVOS DEL CURSO
Semana UNIDAD OBJETIVOS CAPITULO* ESTRATEGIAS PEDAGÓGICAS
1
Unidad 1 INTRODUCCIÓN
AL INGLES
Identificar la importancia de
conocer el ingles en la industria del
petróleo.
Capítulo 1. Greetings, verb tobe, descriptive and adjetives, uso de can.
Clase magistral. Taller de dialogo
2 Capítulo 2. wh. Questions,
Clase magistral, taller de diálogos en clase.
3 Capítulo 3. Regular and irregular verb. Present simple.
Clase magistral,Taller de clase
4 Capítulo 4. past simple tense
Clase magistral, taller de clase
5 Evaluación Examen oral exposición.
6
Unidad 2PRINCIPIOS
DEL TRABAJO EN EL CAMPO PETROLERO
Comprender la evolución del petróleo y la ubicación.
Capítulo 1. geology Organización de ideas. video
7 Capítulo 2. Oíl and gas formation.
Clase magistral, 1 video
8 Capítulo 3. Offshore plataforms.
Clase magistral, taller de clase.
9 Capítulo 4. Meassurement while drilling.
Organización de ideas. Quiz escrito.
10 Evaluación Parcial escrito, taller
11
Unidad 3Proceso de perforación
Identificar los procesos de la perforación.
Capítulo 1. Types of drilling fluid.
Clase magistral, exposición y video
12 Capítulo 2. workover
Quiz oral de vocabulario.
13 Capítulo. 3 Production process
Clase magistral y exposición
14 Capítulo 4. Vocabulary about the oil industry.
Lluvia de ideas
15 Evaluación Final Evaluación escrita,
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UNIDAD 1
INTRODUCCIÓN AL INGLES
DINÁMICA, PRÁCTICAS Y ACTIVIDADES.
CAPITULO 1: mostrar su habilidad hablando y escribiendo en ingles con la ayuda de los diálogos y los ejercicios.
CAPITULO 2: Leer las formaciones gramaticales y desarrollar los ejercicios de la guía.
CAPITULO 3. Leer las formaciones gramaticales y desarrollar los ejercicios de la guía.
CAPITULO 4: desarrollo de taller, preparación para quiz oral de la próxima semana.
CAPÍTULO 1
To greet a person, we use the following expressions: Hello o Hi, How are you. Fine, Thank you :______________
In this last sentence, besides saying fine, we can also use the following words, depending on the state of I encourage of the person: Great, Good, Terrific, So so, NO good, Bad.
The expression How are you it can also be replaced for: How`s everything, How`s it going or What´s up (informal). Also, in this expression one can also add the word today
To greet a person depending on the hour, we say: Good Morning Good Afternoon Good Evening
NOTICES: To say Good evening when we arrive to a place. we should say the expression Good Night. But when we will fall asleep or to discharge of a person.
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To say goodbye to somebody we use: Good Bye: Adios See you later: Nos vemos luego See you soon: Nos vemos pronto Have a nice day: Que tengas un buen dia Have a great time: Que te vaya bien
If we don't know a person, these they are the expressions that are used when we will present with that person:
What's your name: Cual es tu nombre o como te llamas My name is Terry: Mi nombre es Terry o me llamo Terry This is my teacher, Sam: Este es mi profesor, Sam Nice to meet you: Un placer conocerte (conocerlo)
Nice to meet you too: Igualmente
Besides, Nice to meet you, to say, the following expressions can also be used: Glad to meet you, Good to meet you, Pleasure to meet you, one can Also say: Nice meeting you.
FORMA AFIRMATIVA I am You are He is She is It is We are You areThey are
FORMA NEGATIVA I ‘m not You aren’t He isn’t She isn’t It isn’t We aren’t You aren’t They aren’t
FORMA INTERROGATIVAAM I…?ARE you…?IS He…?IS she…?IS It…?ARE we…?ARE you…?ARE they…?
Ejercicios con "To be" presente 1
Elige la opción correcta
1. She... Mary
are
am
is
nothing
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2. You ....at school
are
is
nothing
be
3. Mary.... a girl
are
be
am
is
4. I ... Tom
am
are
is
be
5. It... a cat
are
be
is
am
No se
6. ...is a dog
are
it
he
she
7. ... am a boy
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i
are
I
is
8. ..are in the house
You
she
he
I
9. You ... pretty
is
am
nothing
are
10. The house...old
be
am
is
are
CIRCLE THE CORRECT ITEM7. There_____ a letter for you from Spain.A. am B. are C. is
8. ______there any restaurants in this street?A. Is B. Are C. Isn´t
9. There are some_______in the fridge.A. apple B. apples C. apples
10. My name_________ Bernard.A. am B. Are C. Is
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11.This is______ new armchair.A. an B. a C. Is
12. There ____lots of museums and statues in the city.A. is B. am C. are
13. ______you from Poland?A. Am B. Isn´t C. Are
14. _____name is Judy.A. His B. Her C. Our
15. Where______ Nick and Marie from?A. are B. is C. am
PRACTICE:
1. We wil Tom y Mary están en casa
Tom and Mary be at home Tom and Mary am at home Tom and Mary are
at home
2. Estamos en el colegio
We are at school Are at school We is at school
3. Tom es un chico inglés
Tom is an English boy He is an English boy Tom are an English boy
4. Eres mi amigo
Are my friend You are my friend You is my friend
5. Soís mis hermanos
You are my brothers Are my brothers They are my friends
6. Están en España
We are in Spain Are in Spain They are in Spain
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7. Los libros están en la biblioteca
The books are in the library The book is in the library The books are in the
kitchen
8. Tengo diez años
I have ten I am ten You are ten years old
9. ¿Cuantos años tienes?
¿How old are you? How many years have you got? How old are
you?
PRACTICE
Conversation 1
Grace: Oh, Hello Lou, how are you?Lou: Fine, thank you. How are you?Grace: GreatLou: O.K, Good ByeGrace: Bye, see you laterLou: Fine, have a nice dayGrace: You too
Conversation 2
John: Hello, I am John Stewart, What´s your name?Paul: My name is Paul Roberts. Nice to meet you JohnJohn: Nice meeting you too.
Conversation 3
SANDRA: Good Morning, OscarOSCAR: Good Morning, Sandra. How are you?SANDRA: I’m fine, Thank you. And how about yourself?OSCAR: Well, I’m O.K. too. ¡Sandra! Let me introduce my friend Carlos…SANDRA: Nice to meet you, Carlos.
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COMUNICATIONAsk and answer questions.
____1. What`s today´s date? ____2. What time is it?____3. What day is it?____4. When´s your birthday ?____5. What´s this ?____6. who´s Michael jacson?____7. What time do you get up?
_____a. it´s on February 23rd._____b. at seven oóclock._____c. it´s October 11th
_____d. He´s a singer._____e. it´s four-trhirty_____f. it´s Thursday_____g. it´s a ruler.
Read albert´s e mail.
Hi, Albert,It__________me, joseth. How ________ you?. I ___fine. I_____not at school at the moment because my parents and I _______on vacation. Guess what? I have a new friend. His name_________from around here. He and his parent______Brazilian. I met his parents last week, and they_________really easygoing. Write soon and tell me what´s new. Best. joseth
COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS WITH IS OR ARE. THEN WRITE SHORT ANSWER
1. _____is_____joseth at school? –(EXAMPLE)No, she isn´t.______________________________
2. ______joseth and her parents on vacation?_________________________________________
3. ________joseth´s new friend shy?_________________________________________
4. ________joseth´s new friend ´s name Oscar?_________________________________________
5. ________Felix´s parents American?_________________________________________
6. ________Felix´s parents from Brazil? _________________________________________
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Conversation 2
John: Hello, I am John Stewart, What´s your name?Paul: My name is Paul Roberts. Nice to meet you JohnJohn: Nice meeting you too.Conversation 3
SANDRA: Good Morning, OscarOSCAR: Good Morning, Sandra. How are you?SANDRA: I’m fine, Thank you. And how about yourself?OSCAR: Well, I’m O.K. too. ¡Sandra! Let me introduce my friend Carlos…SANDRA: Nice to meet you, Carlos.CARLOS: Nice to meet you too, Sandra.SANDRA: Well Oscar, I’m in a Hurry… I’ll see you later.OSCAR: O.K, Sandra… ¡take care of yourself!CARLOS: Good bye.
CAPÍTULO 2
1. VERBS 2. PRESENT SIMPLE
EXERCISES:encuentre en los siguientes verbos y la traducción al español que le corresponda.
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Grammar presnte tense
Conjugación Inglés Español
1ª per. singular I work yo trabajo
2ª per. singular you work tú trabajas
3ª per. singularhe worksshe worksIt works
él trabajaella trabaja
(para objetos)
1ª per. plural we work nosotros/as trabajmos
2ª per. plural you work vosotros/as trabajais
3ª per. plural they work ellos/as trabajan
Invite Rent lendReject Sell borrowCall Buy WashLove Destroy Dryhate undo LoseAsk Make CookLike Give RideTell Receive DriveSay Send PassGo throw Putcome Drag TakeWalk Pull carryRun Push CutChase kick PaintTravel drop openRide Lift CloseSail Pick up appearFly lead SpeakSwim Follow ReadCrawl Watch writeJump Show ThinkSkip Shout proposeDescend Scream Disagreeslide Caress DesignSee Touch CreateHear Smell Imaginelisten Taste Practice lie sit StopEat drink restGet up imagine study
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La única dificultad escriba, como de costumbre, en la 3ª persona del singular; de hecho, esta 3ª persona es especial a la hora de conjugar verbos. Como regla general se añade s, aunque veremos que existen algunas excepciones.
USOS DEL PRESENTE SIMPLE
Este tiempo verbal se utiliza para expresar hechos o verdades generales.
The Sun warms the atmosphere. -> El Sol calienta la armósfera.
También usamos el presente simple para hablar de hábitos; en este caso, en la oración suele aparecer expresiones de frecuencia, como usually o always.
We play tennis usually. -> Nosotros jugamos al tenis ocasionalmente.You study always. -> Vosotros estudiais siempre.
Tambien lo usamos para expresar horarior o programas (como el programa de un espectáculo teatral).
The train leaves in an hour. -> El tren llega en una hora. Ejercicios con el Pasado
Simple AfirmativoCon los siguientes verbos:Eat=Comer/Drink=beber/Write=escribir
1-Yo escribí_____________________________________________________2-Tu bebiste_____________________________________________________3-Antonio comió_____________________________________________________4-El bebió____________________________________________________5-Maria escribió____________________________________________________6-Felipe bebió____________________________________________________7-Bebimos____________________________________________________8-Escribieron____________________________________________________
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9-Bebió (El perro)
REGLAS ORTOGRÁFICAS PARA LA 3ª PERSONA DEL SINGULAR
Como regla general, a la forma verbal de la 3ª persona del singular se le añade s; no obstante,existen unas cuantas reglas para una serie de formas verbales que son especiales:
1.- Cuando el verbo acaba ya en s, o en un sonido parecido como sh, ch o x:
watch -> watches (mirar) dash -> dashes (arrojar)
2.- Cuando el verbo acaba en o, también se añade es:
go -> goes (ir) do -> does (hacer)
3.- Cuando el verbo acaba en y, y a ésta le precede una consonante, tenemos que cambiar lay por i, para a continuación añadir es:
fly -> flies (volar) study -> studies (estudiar)
Observa que estas reglas ortográficas son las mismas que se aplican para formar el plural. También son las que se usan para formar otros tiempos verbales, por lo que una vez que las aprendas tendrás mucho ganado.
USO DEL VERBO TO HAVE
El verbo "to have" en inglés es equivalente a los verbos "haber" y "tener" en
castellano. Su declinación en el presente del indicativo (simple present) es la
siguiente:
Simple Present del verbo "To Have"
Yo he/tengo I haveTu has/tienes You haveEl/ella ha/tiene He/she/it hasNosotros hemos/tenemos We haveVosotros habéis/tenéis You haveEllos/ellas han/tienen They have
Como contracciones de estas formas se utilizan: I/you/we/they have I/you/we/they've
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He/she/it has He/she/it's
El verbo "to have" se puede utilizar como un verbo ordinario y en este caso tiene el significado de "tener": I have a car. Yo tengo un cocheShe had a boyfriend. Ella tuvo un novio
Y también se utiliza en algunas expresiones con el sentido de "tomar": I had a drink after the match. Tomé una bebida después del partidoShe has a bath. Ella toma un baño
El verbo "to do" en inglés puede funcionar como verbo ordinario, con el significado
de "hacer", o como verbo auxiliar. Su declinación en el presente del indicativo
(simple present) es la siguiente:
Simple Present del verbo "To Do"
Yo hago I doTu haces You doEl/ella hace He/she/it doesNosotros hacemos We doVosotros hacéis You doEllos/ellas hacen They do
CAPÍTULO 3
QUESTION WORDS
What ? - ¿Qué? ¿Cuál? ¿Cuáles? How often ? - ¿Con qué frecuencia?
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What else? - ¿Qué más?How long ? - ¿Cuánto tiempo? ¿Qué longitud?
Which ? - ¿Qué? ¿Cuál? ¿Cuáles? How long ago? - ¿Hace cuánto tiempo?
How ? - ¿Cómo? ¿Cuán? How old ? - ¿Qué edad? ¿Cuán viejo?
How else ? - ¿De qué otra manera? How soon ? - ¿Cuán pronto?
When ? - ¿Cuándo?How big ? - ¿Qué tamaño? ¿Cuán grande?
Where ? - ¿Dónde? ¿Adónde?How far ? - ¿A qué distancia? ¿Cuán lejos?
Where else ? - ¿Dónde más? How tall ? - ¿Qué estatura? ¿Cuán alto?
Why ? - ¿Por qué? ¿Para qué? How deep ? - ¿Qué profundidad?
Who ? - ¿Quién? ¿Quienes? How early ? - ¿Cuán temprano?
Who else? - ¿Quién más? How late ? - ¿Cuán tarde?
Whom ? - ¿A quién? ¿A quiénes?How heavy ? - ¿Qué peso? ¿Cuán pesado?
Whose ? - ¿De quién? ¿De quiénes?How thick ? - ¿Qué espesor? ¿Cuán grueso?
How much ? - ¿Cuánto/a? What time ? - ¿Qué hora? ¿A qué hora?
How many ? - ¿Cuántos/as? What kind ? - ¿Qué clase ? ¿Qué tipo?
Ejemplos: What kind of music do you like? ( ¿Que tipo de música te gusta?) What is the weather like? (¿Que tiempo hace?) What's he like? (¿Cómo es él?) What does he like? (¿Qué le gusta a él?) (PRESIDENT)What does he look like? (¿Cómo es él de aspecto?) Which do you prefer jazz or pop? (¿Que música prefieres jazz o pop?) Who's that man? ( ¿Quién es ese hombre ?) (A FRIEND)Who's got my bag? ( ¿Quién tiene mi bolso ?) Whose bag is this? (¿ De quién es este bolso?) Where is Santa Monica? (¿Dónde está Santa Mónica?) When is your birthday ? (¿Cuando es tu cumpleaños?) Why are you in a hurry? (¿Por qué estas corriendo?) How is your mother? (¿Como está tu madre?) How do you spell your name? (¿Como se deletrea tu nombre?) How old are you? (¿Cuántos años tienes?) How tall are you? (¿Cuál es tu altura?) How much money do you have got? (¿Cuánto dinero tienes?) How many tickets do you want? (¿Cuántas entradas quieres?) How often do you go swimming? (¿Cada cuanto vas a nadar?) How long have you lived in this town? (¿Cuánto tiempo hace que vives en esta ciudad?)
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Objeto y sujeto
Who y what pueden actuar cómo objeto o cómo sujeto en una oración interrogativa. Si actúan como sujeto no utilizarán auxiliar (do,will,be...) para preguntar. En cambio, si actúan como objeto deberán preguntar con el auxiliar.
Sintaxis de la pregunta cuando who y what actúan como objeto Question word + Auxilar + Sujeto + verbo en infinitivo Who did you ring? (¿a quién llamaste?)
Sintaxis de la pregunta cuando who y what actúan como sujeto Question word +verbo + objeto Who rang you? (¿quién te llamó?) ejemplo1:
Fred saw Julia sujeto verbo objeto Who saw Julia? Fred --> pregunta de sujeto (¿Quién vió a Julia?) Who did Fred see? Julia --> pregunta de objeto (¿A quién vió Fred?) ejemplo2:
Oración principal Dany asked the instructor. (Dani preguntó al instructor) 1) Preguntamos por el sujeto Who asked the instructor? Dany (¿quién preguntó al instructor?) 2) Preguntamos por el objeto Who did Dany ask? the instructor (¿a quién preguntó Dani?)
ejemplo3:
He saw a woman being murdered 1) Who saw a woman? him 2) Who did he see? a woman being murdered ejemplo4: I went to the party with Emely 1) Who went with me? Emely 2) Who did Emely go with? me
Además, generalmente ponemos las preposiciones al final de las frases interrogativas.
ejemplo: What are you talking about? correcto About what are you talking? incorrecto
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VERBOS AUXILIARES
TO HAVE: Se usa para la formación de los tiempos compuestos de pasado.
TO BE: Se usa para la forma progresiva y la voz pasiva: I am eating apples, estoy comiendo manzanas; Hamlet was written by Shakespeare, Hamlet fue escrito por Shakespeare.
DO - DID: Son auxiliares para las formas interrogativas y negativas de Presente Simple y Pasado Simple.
SHALL - WILL: a) Se usan para formar el futuro y sus pasados: shall, para las primeras personas del singular y plural; will, para las restantes; b) En la forma interrogativa Will you? equivale a ¿Quieres?
SHOULD - WOULD: Se usan para formar los condicionales: should para las primeras personas del singular y plural; would, para las restantes.
LET: Se usa para la tercera persona del singular y plural, y primera del plural del imperativo.
Modal Auxiliary Verbs
Can, could - Para hablar sobre la posibilidad y capacidad, pedir y dar permiso, pedir y ofrecer cosas. May, might - Para hablar sobre la posibilidad, pedir y dar permiso. Must - Para expresar la conclusión de que algo es cierto. También para hablar sobre la necesidad y la obligación. Shall, Will - Se utilizan para formar el futuro. Should, Would - Se utilizan para formar el condicional. Should es más formal y sólo se utiliza con la primera persona del singular y del plural, 'I' y 'we'. Would es más usual y suele utilizarse con todos los pronombres.
Los verbos auxiliares cumplen una importante función en el idioma inglés, pues sirven para formar los tiempos compuestos, la voz pasiva, el futuro y el condicional. También algunas formas auxiliares se emplean para formar la interrogación, la negación, etc.
Conjugación
a) Formamos la negación añadiendo 'not' a la forma afirmativa:
I am / Yo soy I am not / Yo no soy
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b) La interrogación se forma invirtiendo el sujeto y el verbo
I am / Yo soy am I? / ¿Soy yo?
c) Admiten la forma contraida
I am = I'm I do not = I don't
Funciones
a) Construcción de la forma interrogativa.
Cuando la pregunta se formula en tiempo presente, generalmente se antepone el verbo auxiliar 'do', que adquiere la forma 'did' cuando la pregunta se formula en tiempo pasado simple.
Do you play? / ¿Juegas? Did you play? / ¿Jugaste?
Las formas de futuro se forman con 'shall' y 'will', mientras que el presente progresivo se forma con el verbo 'to be'
Will you play? / ¿Jugarás? Are you playing? / ¿Estás jugando?
b) Construcción de la forma negativa
La estructura de la forma negativa es 'auxiliar' + 'not'
I do not play / Yo no juego We will not play / No jugaremos They are not playing / No están jugando
c) Respuestas cortas
Do you play? - Yes, I do / ¿Juegas? - Sí, juego
d) Preguntas coletilla.
Equivalen a las expresiones españolas ¿verdad?, ¿no es así?, etc. que se añaden cuando formulamos una pregunta y queremos conocer la opinión de la otra persona. En el caso inglés, esta construcción tiene una forma particular que es la siguiente:
Si la respuesta que se espera es afirmativa: auxiliar + sujeto + not + ?
You are rich, are you not? / Es usted rico, ¿verdad? (¿no lo es?)
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Si la respuesta que se espera es negativa: auxiliar + sujeto + ?
You are not rich, are you? / Usted no es rico, ¿verdad? (¿lo es?)
e) Forman ciertos tiempos de futuro ('will', 'shall'), pasado ('did') etc.
He will play / Él jugará
f) Reemplazan a otro verbo, evitando su repetición
John didn't go and neither did I / John no fue y yo tampoco.
CAPÍTULO 3
PAST SIMPLE TENSE
Se utiliza para referirse a acciones que se desarrollaron en el pasado y que hace ya
algún tiempo que finalizaron. Su equivalente en castellano es el pretérito indefinido:
I studied English. Yo estudié inglés (fue una actividad que realicé en el pasado y que
ya finalizó)
I bought a car. Yo compré un coche
En estas oraciones no se da información sobre el presente:
I lost my job. Yo perdí mi trabajo (puede que en la actualidad lo haya vuelto a
recuperar)
I bought a car. Yo compré un coche (en la actualidad puede que ya no tenga el coche,
que lo haya vendido)
Con frecuencia se indica el periodo de tiempo en el que se desarrolló la acción:
I played tennis yesterday. Yo jugué al tenis ayer.
I went to Paris last summer. Yo fui a París el verano pasado
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La estructura de la frase es similar a la del presente, utilizando el verbo principal en su
forma pasada.
She listens to music. Ella escucha música (presente)
She listened to music. Ella escuchó música (pasado)
En las formas negativas e interrogativas se emplea, asimismo, una estructura similar: se
utiliza el verbo auxiliar "to do" en su tiempo pasado, que acompaña al verbo principal en
su forma infinitiva:
I didn't go to the party. Yo no fui a la fiesta
Did you go to the party Fuiste tú a la fiesta
EJERCICIOS DE INGLÉS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PASADO
1. Harry ___ in the train.
was were No se
2. Hermione and Ron ___at school yesterday.
was were No se
3. They ___in London last week.
was were No se
4. I ___in the garden with Nevil.
was were No se
5. They ___eating earlier.
was were No se
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING EXERCISES
1. Mary ___at home yesterday.
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was were
2. Mary and Tom ___at home yesterday.
was were
3. We ___at school last week.
was were
4. I ___in the kitchen cooking dinner.
was were
5. They ___sad last night.
was were
REESCRIBE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES EN TIEMPO PASADO SIMPLE.
1. I go to school in the morning.
_______________________________________________
2. Diane is very tired._______________________________________________
3. You are at home._______________________________________________
4. I have breakfast._______________________________________________
5. Thomas and Nick play tennis all day.
_______________________________________________
6. The plane arrives at half past ten.
___________________________________________________
7. I study English at home. _________________________________________________
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8. They stay all night in front of the computer.
_________________________________________________
9. It is ten past eleven. _________________________________________________
ESCRIBE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES EN SU FORMA NEGATIVA.
1. The people screamed._______________________________________________
2. Lisa was very happy________________________________________________
3. You went to Paris last year. _______________________________________________
4. Sofia visited her grandmother yesterday.________________________________________________
5. I was in Hong Kong last month._______________________________________________
6. John went to the cinema last week.________________________________________________
7. Shakespeare wrote a lot of books.________________________________________________
8. You were at school yesterday._______________________________________________
9. It was very cold yesterday._______________________________________________
SISTEMA DE EVALUACIÓN
El sistema de evaluación propuesto se encamina a diagnosticar y verificar los procesos de aprendizaje e interacción de los educandos, a su vez podrán conceptuar acerca del papel del docente en el desarrollo del curso académico. De acuerdo a la normatividad de la institución los procesos evaluativos se realizaran por medio de estrategias de autoevaluación, coevaluacion y hetero evaluación.
El curso será evaluado de tres componentes: en el primero que tiene un valor del 30% de la calificación total se utilizara las diversas estrategias pedagógicas propuestas en la guía de actividades.
PRIMERA UNIDAD
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Actividades Porcentajes
Desarrollo de los ejercicios de la guía de trabajo,
5%
practica conversacional con otras personas
5%
Quiz de dialogo preparado con un compañero para presentar frente al grupo
5%
Examen escrito 15%
Total 30%
En el segundo se evaluaran los resultados de los trabajos prácticos en visitas empresariales y/o evaluaciones propuestas por el docente. Este componente tiene un valor del 30%.
En el tercer componente se realizara un examen final con el valor del 40% de la calificación final.
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BIBLIOGRAFÍA
CAPITULO 1.
http://www.babelmundo.es/ingles/cursos/01_02_7.html
http://www.theyellowpencil.com/video/vocabvideos.html
http://www.aprende-gratis.com/ingles/curso.php?lec=presente-simple
CAPITULO
2http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DniNIvE69SE&feature=related
HOW ITS WORK EN YOUTOBE VIDEO.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCnzx_xNlDE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPOi1WYTf2c&feature=related
http://www.mansioningles.com/listening00.htm
http://www.theyellowpencil.com/video/vocabvideos.html
. CAPITULO 3
http://www.mansioningles.com/listening http://www.theyellowpencil.com/video/vocabvideos.html 00.htm
CAPITULO 4
http://www.mansioningles.com/listening00.htm http://www.theyellowpencil.com/video/vocabvideos.html
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ANEXOS
CAPITULO 1
CAPITULO 2
Taller 1 programa STOPhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPOi1WYTf2c&feature=related
http://www.mansioningles.com/listening00.htm
CAPITULO 3
Video 3 espacios confinados
Quiz prueba de gases
CAPITULO 4
Examen escrito
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UNIDAD 2
PRINCIPIOS DEL PETRÓLEO
DINÁMICA, PRÁCTICAS Y ACTIVIDADES.
CAPITULO 1: mostrar su habilidad hablando y escribiendo en ingles con la ayuda de los diálogos y los ejercicios.
CAPITULO 2: Leer las formaciones gramaticales y desarrollar los ejercicios de la guía.
CAPITULO 3. Leer las formaciones gramaticales y desarrollar los ejercicios de la guía.
CAPITULO 4: desarrollo de taller, preparación para quiz oral de la próxima semana.
CAPÍTULO 1
GEOLOGY
Sedimentary rock is a type o rock that is formed by sedimentation of material at the
Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for
processes that cause mineral and/or organic particles (detritus) to settle and accumulate
or minerals to precipitate from a solution. Particles that form a sedimentary rock by
accumulating are called sediment. Before being deposited, sediment was formed
by weathering and erosion in a source area, and then transported to the place of
deposition by water, wind, mass movement or glaciers.
1. Vocabulary about the text (busque el significado de las
palabras)
English word translate English word translateSedimentary rock
Source
Earth Weater
surface Windwater glacierserosion crustSedimentation Qurtz
sediment metamorphic
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weathering crystallizes
pore spaces remains
diagenesis seawater
chemical ground water
physical the pore space
biological cementation
cementation glued
surface connate fluids
Weathering.
to consolidate:
2. CHECK UP THE OUTLINE AND ANSWER THE QUESTION
QUESTIONS
1. WHAT IS THE SEDIMENTARY ROCK?
_____________________________________________________
2. WHAT IS THE SEDIMENTATION?
_____________________________________________________
3. WHAT IS SEDIMENT?
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_____________________________________________________
The sedimentary rock cover of the continents of the Earth's crust is extensive, but the
total contribution of sedimentary rocks is estimated to be only 5% of the total volume of
the crust. Sedimentary rocks are only a thin veneer over a crust consisting mainly
of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Clastic sedimentary rocks are composed of discrete fragments or clasts of materials
derived from other minerals. They are composed largely of quartz with other common
minerals including feldspar, amphiboles, clay minerals, and sometimes more exotic
igneous and metamorphic minerals.
4. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING OUTLINE
Shales, which consist mostly of clay minerals, are generally further classified on the
basis of composition and bedding. Coarser clastic sedimentary rocks are classified
according to their particle size and composition. Ortho quartzite is a very pure quartz
sandstone; arkose is a sandstone with quartz and abundant feldspar; greywacke is a
sandstone with quartz, clay, feldspar, and metamorphic rock fragments present, which
was formed from the sediments carried by turbidity currents.
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Mudstone (also called mud rock) is a fine grained sedimentary rock whose original
constituents were clays or muds. Grain size is up to 0.0625 mm (0.0025 in) with
individual grains too small to be distinguished without a microscope. With increased
pressure over time the platey clay minerals may become aligned, with the appearance
of fissility or parallel layering. This finely bedded material that splits readily into thin
layers is called shale, as distinct from mudstone. The lack of fissility or layering in
mudstone may be due either to original texture or to the disruption of layering by
burrowing organisms in the sediment prior to lithification. Mud rocks, such as mudstone
and shale comprise some 65% of all sedimentary rocks. Mudstone looks like
hardened clay and, depending upon circumstances under which it was formed, it may
show cracks or fissures, like a sun-baked clay deposit. They can be separated into these
categories:
Siltstone - greater than half of the composition is silt-sized particles.
Clay stone - greater than half of the composition is clay-sized particles.
Mudstone - hardened mud; a mix of silt and clay sized particles.
5. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING OUTLINE
Mudstone can include:
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Shale - exhibits lamination or fissility.
Argillite - has undergone low grade metamorphism.
Diagenesis
Pressure solution at work in a clastic rock. While material dissolves at places where
grains are in contact, material crystallizes from the solution (as cement) in open pore
spaces. This means there is a net flow of material from areas under high stress to those
under low stress. As a result, the rock becomes more compact and harder. Loose sand
can become sandstone in this way.
The term diagenesis is used to describe all the chemical, physical, and biological
changes, includingcementation, undergone by a sediment after its initial deposition,
exclusive of surface weathering. Some of these processes cause the sediment
toconsolidate: a compact, solid substance forms out of loose material. Young
sedimentary rocks, especially those of Quaternary age (the most recent period of
the geologic time scale) are often still unconsolidated. As sediment deposition builds up,
the overburden (or lithostatic) pressure rises and a process known as lithification takes
place.
Sedimentary rocks are often saturated with seawater or ground water, in which
minerals can dissolve or from which minerals can precipitate. Precipitating minerals
reduce thepore space in a rock, a process called cementation. Due to the decrease in
pore space, the original connate fluids are expelled. The precipitated minerals form a
cement and make the rock more compact and competent. In this way, loose clasts in a
sedimentary rock can become "glued" together.
When sedimentation continues, an older rock layer becomes buried deeper as a result.
The lithostatic pressure in the rock increases due to the weight of the overlying
sediment. This causes compaction, a process in which grains mechanical reorganize.
Compaction is, for example, an important diagenetic process in clay, which can initially
consist of 60% water. During compaction, this interstitial water is pressed out of . paction
can also be due to chemical processes, such as pressure solution . Pressure solution
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means material is going into solution at areas under high stress. The dissolved material
precipitates again in open pore spaces, which menas there is a nett flow of material into
the pores. However, in some cases a certain mineral dissolves and not precipitate again.
This process is called leaching and increases pore space in the rock.
Fossils
Fossils can both be the direct remains or imprints of
organisms and their skeletons. Most commonly
preserved are the harder parts of organisms such as
bones, shells, woody tissue of plants. Soft tissue has a
much smaller chance of being preserved and fossilized
and soft tissue of animals older than 40 million years is very rare. [28] Imprints of
organisms made while still alive are called trace fossils. Examples are burrows, foot
prints, etc.
Being part of a sedimentary rock, fossils undergo the same diagenetic processes as
the rock. A shell consisting of calcite can for example dissolve, while a cement of silica
then fills the cavity. In the same way, precipitating minerals can fill cavities formerly
occupied by blood vessels, vascular tissue or other soft tissues. This preserves the
form of the organism but changes the chemical composition, a process
called permineralisation. The most common minerals in permineralisation cements
are carbonates (especially calcite), forms
of amorphous silica (chalcedony, flint, chert) and pyrite. In the case of silica cements,
the process is called lithification.
At high pressure and temperature, the organic material of a dead organism undergoes
chemical reactions in which volatiles like water and carbon dioxide are expulsed. The
fossil, in the end, consists of a thin layer of pure carbon or its mineralized form, graphite.
This form of fossilisation is called carbonisation. It is particularly important for plant
fossils. The same process is responsible for the formation of fossil
fuels like lignite or coal.
Stratigraphy.
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CAPÍTULO 2
OÍL AND GAS FORMATION.
1. How was oil formed?2. Where do we get the oil?3. What fuels are made from cruede oil?4. How does oil impact the environment?5. how does oil drilling work?
1. HOW WAS OIL FORMED?
Oil was formed from the remains of animals and plants that lived millions of years ago in a marine (water) environment before the dinosaurs. Over the years, the remains were covered by layers of mud. Heat and pressure from these layers helped the remains turn into what we today call crude oil. The word “petroleum” means “rock oil” or “oil from the earth.”
EXERCISE: CREATE FOUR SENTENCES THAT ANSWER TO THE FIRST QUESTION AND PRESENT A REPORT ABOUT IT.
CREA CUATRO ORACIONES QUE CONTESTEN A LA PREGUNTA ANTERIOR
SUBJECT VERBS COMPLEMENT
PLANTS AND ANIMALS
WERE DEATH IN THE OCEAN FLOOR
2. Where Do We Get Our Oil?
Crude oil is a smelly, yellow-to-black liquid and is usually found in underground areas called reservoirs. Scientists and engineers explore a chosen area by studying rock samples from the earth. Measurements are taken, and, if the site seems promising,
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drilling begins. Above the hole, a structure called a ‘derrick’ is built to house the tools and pipes going into the well. When finished, the drilled well will bring a steady flow of oil to the surface.
The amount of crude oil produced (domestically) in the United States has been getting smaller each year. However, the use of products made from crude oil has been growing, making it necessary to bring more oil from other countries. About 58 percent of the crude oil and petroleum products used in the United States comes from other countries.
EXERCISE: CREATE FOUR SENTENCES THAT ANSWER TO THE FIRST QUESTION AND PRESENT A REPORT ABOUT IT.
SUBJECT VERBS COMPLEMENT
THE CRUDE OIL IS SMELLY
3. WHAT FUELS ARE MADE FROM CRUDE OIL?
Products made from a Barrel of Crude Oilafter crude oil is removed from the ground, it is sent to a refinery by pipeline, ship or barge. At a refinery, different parts of the crude oil are separated into useable petroleum products. Crude oil is measured in barrels (abbreviated “bbls”). A 42-U.S. gallon barrel of crude oil provides slightly more than 44 gallons of petroleum products. This gain from processing the crude oil is similar to what happens to popcorn, it gets bigger after it is popped.
EXERCISE: CREATE FOUR SENTENCES THAT ANSWER TO THE FIRST QUESTION AND PRESENT A REPORT ABOUT IT.
SUBJECT VERBS COMPLEMENT
THE CRUDE OIL IS REMOVED FROM THE GROUND
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One barrel of crude oil, when refined, produces about 19 gallons of finished motor gasoline, and 9 gallons of diesel, as well as other petroleum products. Most of the petroleum products are used to produce energy. For instance, many people across the United States use propane to heat their homes and fuel their cars. Other products made from petroleum include: ink, crayons, bubble gum, dishwashing liquids, deodorant, eyeglasses, records, tires, ammonia, and heart valves.
4. HOW DOES OIL IMPACT THE ENVIRONMENT?
Products from oil (petroleum products) help us do many things. We use them to fuel our airplanes, cars, and trucks, to heat our homes, and to make products like medicines and plastics. Even though petroleum products make life easier – finding, producing, moving, and using them can cause problems for our environment like air and water pollution. Over the years, new technologies and laws have helped to reduce problems related to petroleum products. As with any industry, the government monitors how oil is produced, refined, stored, and sent to market to reduce the impact on the environment. Since 1990, fuels like gasoline and diesel fuel have also been improved so that they produce less pollution when we use them.
EXERCISE: CREATE FOUR SENTENCES THAT ANSWER TO THE FIRST QUESTION AND PRESENT A REPORT ABOUT IT.
SUBJECT VERBS COMPLEMENT
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5. HOW DOES OIL DRILLING WORK?
Step 1
The foremost thing in the oil drilling process is to select the place which contains crude oil. This is done by the geologists with the help of gravity meters, magnetometers, GPS tracking devices and satellite imagines. Also, there are electronic noses called sniffers to detect the smell of the crude oil.
Step 2
The next step is to prepare the land for drilling process. Initially, the company completes all the formalities regarding the lease agreements. After all the legal formalities are done, the land is leveled evenly and the other main requirement that is to be thought of is water. Oil drilling process requires water, so make sure that you have a water body nearby. There are two types of oil drilling processes viz., offshore oil drilling process and onshore oil drilling process.
Step 3
After the land preparation, the rig must be placed on the site, for which holes are dug. A big drilling hole is dug and around this hole several other holes are dug. Cellar is a rectangular hole that is dug near the actual drilling hole. Drilling accessories and the workers require the cellar. Later, the oil rig is set-up in the holes and the drilling process is started.
Step 4
The next step of the oil drilling process is to place the drill bit and the drill collar in the main drilling hole. Then the kelly and turntable are attached after which the drilling process can begin. Kelly is 4-6 sided pipe used to transfer the rotary motion to the turntable and drilling string attached to the collar and casing. Turntable is used to give the rotary motion to the kelly with the help of electric motors.
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Step 5
As drilling progresses, new joints to the drilling pipe are attached. Once the pre set depth of the drilling process is reached, the drilling bit and the drilling pipe are removed from the drilling hole. After this, the casing pipe sections are placed in the main drilling hole. The casing pipe is cemented to prevent the break down of the pipe sections. The cement is allowed to harden and the alignment of the casing pipe is checked after this.
Step 6
The process of drilling is continued and
the casing pipe is placed in the hole, until the oil is not found. Once the oil is found, the drilling apparatus are removed from the hole.
Step 7
The next step is the testing step, which involves various tests to measure the pressure, noting the rock formations and checking the characteristics of the reservoir rock. The perforating gun is then lowered into the well. Packer is a device that runs down outside the casing of the tube. A multi-valved structure is placed on the tubing with the help of casing. This Christmas tree shaped structure functions to control the flow of oil from the rig. There is a pump system that is used to pump the crude oil out of the reservoir. This answers your question of how oil drilling works.
PARTS OF THE DRILLING RIG
There are several things that control the rate of penetration (ROP) of the bit, and one is the thrust that is applied to push the bit into the rock. This comes from the weight of the pipe that is connected to the bit, and thus is known as the weight on bit.
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Crown block at top of mast
The cable that connects the traveling block to this second crown block at the top makes a number of loops between the two blocks and in this way the cable can carry up to a million pounds or more of weight.
Schematic of the two blocks at the top of the mast
From the crown block the cable feeds back down to the reel on the rig floor where it is stored. The reel and the motors that drive it are known as the draw works, and the driller controls the reel rotation and thus the weight carried through the cable to the derrick, to control the amount of thrust on the bit.
The hoist and motor of the Drawworks (Schlumberger)
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There are two other things, however, that have to be controlled. Firstly the bit has to turn, and so there must be a way of allowing the pipe to rotate. This is done by adding a swivel below the traveling block. The swivel also allows a connection to the mud system and mud can be pumped into the pipe, without the mud line having to turn.
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Travelling block showing the swivel and mud line connecting
This is done through a rotary table that sits on the rig floor and a special piece of pipe (some 43 ft long), known as the Kelly, that is connected between the swivel which sits right under the traveling block, and the first length of drill pipe. The pipe is square or hexagonal and will slide through the turntable as the hole gets deeper. At the same time the shape allows the turntable to grip it and turn it, and the attached drill string that connects below it to the drilling bit at the bottom of the hole. There is a motor, generally under the rig, that drives the turntable.
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Drive through the turntable and Kelly drive to the Kelly, and the underlying drill pipe.
Some more modern rigs can have an electric motor at the top of the mast, attached to the bottom of the traveling block, which drives the pipe without the need for the Kelly and rotary table.
Top drive that can be used in small mast applications
Bear in mind that after the drill bit has penetrated 30 ft (the length of a single length or joint of drill pipe) then drilling must stop. The Kelly is disconnected from the top joint, and raised while a new joint is swung in up the catwalk (from where spare joints are stored on the rig) and connected, at the bottom end to the existing string, and at the top end to the Kelly.
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The drill is then ready to go forward again. While I am not up on current performance, I was once taught that a good crew cannot make more than 7 connections, or drill more than 200 ft of hole an hour. (There is another way of adding pipe that can allow a faster ROP but we’ll get to that another time). Now also remember that if the bit needs to be changed because it wore out, or because it can't drill in the rock that it has not started to go through, then the entire string above the bit has to be removed, one joint at a time, until the bit reaches the surface. Then it is replaced, and the joint in turn have to be replaced, again one-at-a-time, until the bit hits bottom again. Now hauling the string out of the hole goes a little faster than drilling, but you can see that this process, known as tripping, can take more than a day. Which can be quite expensive, especially since, while you are tripping you are not making hole, and that is what the rig is being rented to do.
When tripping the well, the drill pipe has to be held in place with slips, which are a wedge shaped tool that fits around the top of the pipe and grips it, while the connections are made or unmade.
Slips prepared to slip around the drill pipe (Schlumberger)
Exercises: prepare un reporte sobre el proceso de la perforación. Para hacerlo en forma sencilla realícelo primero por escrito y en oraciones sencillas y coherentes, completando el cuadro.
Link word
subject verbs complement
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1 DRILLING RIG CLASSIFICATIONS
There are many types and designs of drilling rigs, with many drilling rigs capable of switching or combining different drilling technologies as needed. Drilling rigs can be described using any of the following attributes:
steam - the rig uses steam-powered engines and pumps (obsolescent after middle of 20th Century).
mechanical - the rig uses torque converters, clutches, and transmissions powered by its own engines, often diesel
electric - the major items of machinery are driven by electric motors, usually with power generated on-site using internal combustion engines
hydraulic - the rig primarily uses hydraulic power
pneumatic - the rig is primarily powered by pressurized air
BY PIPE USED
cable - a cable is used to raise and drop the drill bit conventional - uses metal or plastic drill pipe of varying types
coil tubing - uses a giant coil of tube and a downhole drilling motor Vertical drilling machine $ horizontal drilling machine.
BY HEIGHT
single - can drill only single drill pipes. The presence or absence of vertical pipe racking "fingers" varies from rig to rig.
double - can hold a stand of pipe in the derrick consisting of two connected drill pipes, called a "double stand".
triple - can hold a stand of pipe in the derrick consisting of three connected drill pipes, called a "triple stand".
BY METHOD OF ROTATION OR DRILLING METHOD
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no rotation includes direct push rigs and most service rigs rotary table - rotation is achieved by turning a square or hexagonal pipe (the
kelly) at drill floor level.
top-drive - rotation and circulation is done at the top of the drillstring, on a motor that moves in a track along the derrick.
sonic - uses primarily vibratory energy to advance the drill string
hammer - uses rotation and percussive force.
BY POSITION OF DERRICK
conventional - derrick is vertical slant - derrick is slanted at a 45 degree angle to facilitate horizontal drilling
DRILL TYPES
There are a variety of drill mechanisms which can be used to sink a borehole into the ground. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, in terms of the depth to which it can drill, the type of sample returned, the costs involved and penetration rates achieved. There are two basic types of drills: drills which produce rock chips, and drills which produce core samples.
1. AUGER DRILLING
Auger drilling is done with a helical screw which is driven into the ground with rotation; the earth is lifted up the borehole by the blade of the screw. Hollow stem Auger drilling is used for environmental drilling, geotechnical drilling, soil engineering and geochemistry reconnaissance work in exploration for mineral deposits. Solid flight augers/bucket augers are used in construction drilling. In some cases, mine shafts are dug with auger drills. Small augers can be mounted on the back of a utility truck, with large augers used for sinking piles for bridge foundations.
Auger drilling is restricted to generally soft unconsolidated material or weak weathered rock. It is cheap and fast.
2. PERCUSSION ROTARY AIR BLAST DRILLING (RAB) RAB
drilling is used most frequently in the mineral exploration industry. (This tool is also known as a Down-The-Hole Drill.) The drill uses a pneumatic reciprocating piston-driven 'hammer' to energetically drive a heavy drill bit into the rock. The drill bit is hollow, solid steel and has ~20 mm thick tungsten rods protruding from the steel matrix as 'buttons'. The tungsten buttons are the cutting face of the bit.
The cuttings are blown up the outside of the rods and collected at surface. Air or a combination of air and foam lift the cuttings.
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RAB drilling is used primarily for mineral exploration, water bore drilling and blast-hole drilling in mines, as well as for other applications such as engineering, etc. RAB produces lower quality samples because the cuttings are blown up the outside of the rods and can be contaminated from contact with other rocks. RAB drilling rarely achieves more than 150 metres depth as encountering water rapidly clogs the outside of the hole with debris, precluding removal of drill cuttings from the hole.
This can be counteracted, however, with the use of 'stabilisers' also known as 'reamers', which are large cylindrical pieces of steel attached to the drill string, and made to perfectly fit the size of the hole being drilled. These have sets of rollers on the side, usually with tungsten buttons, that constantly break down cuttings being pushed upwards.
The use of multiple high-powered air compressors, which push 900-1150cfm of air at 300-350psi down the hole also ensures drilling of a deeper hole up to ~1250m due to higher air pressure which pushes all rock cuttings and any water to the surface. This, of course, is all dependent on the density and weight of the rock being drilled, and on how worn the drill bit is.
AIR CORE DRILLING
Air core drilling and related methods use hardened steel or tungsten blades to bore a hole into unconsolidated ground. The drill bit has three blades arranged around the bit head, which cut the unconsolidated ground. The rods are hollow and contain an inner tube which sits inside the hollow outer rod barrel. The drill cuttings are removed by injection of compressed air into the hole via the annular area between the inner tube and the drill rod. The cuttings are then blown back to surface up the inner tube where they pass through the sample separating system and are collected if needed. Drilling continues with the addition of rods to the top of the drill string. Air core drilling can occasionally produce small chunks of cored rock.
This method of drilling is used to drill the weathered regolith, as the drill rig and steel or tungsten blades cannot penetrate fresh rock. Where possible, air core drilling is preferred over RAB drilling as it provides a more representative sample. Air core drilling can achieve depths approaching 300 meters in good conditions. As the cuttings are removed inside the rods and are less prone to contamination compared to conventional drilling where the cuttings pass to the surface via outside return between the outside of the drill rob and the walls of the hole. This method is more costly and slower than RAB.
A DRILL STRING
on a drilling rig is a column, or string, of drill pipe that transmits drilling fluid (via the mud pumps) and torque (via the kelly drive or top drive) to the drill bit. The term is loosely applied as the assembled collection of the drill pipe, drill collars, tools and drill bit. The drill string is hollow so that drilling fluid can be pumped down through it and circulated back up the annulus (the void between the drill string and the casing/open hole. In the measure that the drilling advances are annexed drill pipe to the drill string; in this
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operation is done by the roughneck. Periodically, it is required to change the drill bit for the wear.
PUMP SYSTEM AND MUD CIRCULATION SYSTEMS
The mud mixes of liquids and solids to provide the suspension means, density and reology (viscosidades), it has as function, among other, to lubricate the drill bit, to cool it, to protect the form, to seal the walls of the well for prevent collapses, to sustain the cuts and the weigh material, to control pressures under surface and return to the dragging to the surface the material cut by the drill bit.
The system begins its journey in the tanks of mud, place where it prepare and storage to be sent for the mud pumps from mud conduction line to the swivel and there, internally in the drill string until the drill bit, which has some exit holes.
The return is made by the external part of the string up, that is to say, between the drill string and the walls of the hole until the surface to mud return line that drives it to the shale shaker, where it recovers the mud and it is retained the rubbles or cuts. The mud passes again to storage tanks, where it is conditioned again for its reutilization.
ELEVATION SYSTEM
Responsible to hoist the drill string and prepare the drill pipes. It is composed of a winch, a traveling block, and elevators, hooks, drilling cables and arm and the winch cable.
Additional to the drilling process, there are a series of such support tasks as: geology laboratory, drill address of control, drill bit control, treatment of residuals and others.
FORMATION TEST
Once perforated the well or during the process, this it is subjected to tests and evaluations, which are executed by specialists in the matter, with the purpose of achieving the maximum information of the formations what rubbles are examined, registers the well (mensurations are made with ultrasonic, electric registrations, radioactive registrations; which determine if presence of petroleum or gas exist in a location). Tests of formation sampling by means of witness.
COMPLETING
After considering the obtained information, you decide about abandon it or to complete it for future production.
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" LINING:
With the purpose of conserving the integrity of the hole is necessary to use protective lining.
The process contemplates the operations of the one lowered and cementation. For these operations varied teams are used that facilitate their location, protection and later operations and production complement.
" CEMENTATION:
Concluded the lining you proceeds to cement, placing in the superior part of the lining pipe a cementation head through which is injected the cements in form of cement grout, grout is injected by the internal part of lining and when arriving under it will leave for some holes that it possesses the tip it guides of the lining and well-known as shoe, ascending then for the existent space between the pipe and the walls of the hole.
" GUNFIRE:
Since the oil formation this lined one for the pipe of final lining, is to make perforations so that the petroleum or gas can appear.
For this activity explosive loads are used in form to of projectiles that perforate the lining and the concrete, leaving holes for where the hydrocarbon will come out.
PRODUCTION PIPE AND WELL HEAD:
Once perforated the lining, be proceed to complete the well, installing the bolster, constituted by a group of valves, the conduction lines or flow in surface and the production string inside the lining.
EQUIPMENTS
Energy (motors system and conduction nets).
Elevation system (perforation winch, cables, elevators, traveling block and hook).
System of controls
Transmission system or change of speeds Toast
Sub-structure (Christmas tree, meters of pressure, etc.)
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Rotational system (swivel, offspring of rotational (Kelly)
Circulation system (fluid or mud of perforation, mud pump, tanks of mud, conduction lines, it lines of discharge, pools, separate gas separator, mixture tanks).
GANG OF PERFORATION
Tool pusher boss of the drilling equipment Supervisor boss of perforation tower The floor workers' perforator supervisor operates the machinery side drilling
roughneck. in loaded with the manipulation of the perforation string during the drill changes
and of the system of muds ´ floor manthey participate in the handling of the drilling string and the addition of
perforation tubes.
mud circulation system
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1. Annulus: espacio anular2. Bit: broca o barrena3. Borehole: 4. Discharge line: linea de la descarga.5. Drill collar: cuello del taladro.6. Drill pipe: tubo de perforación.7. Kelly: kelly8. Mud mixing hopper: lodo que mezcla el depósito de alimentacion.9. Mud pit: hoyo de lodo.10.Mud pump: la bomba de lodo11.Mud return line: la linea de retorno del lodo.12.Reserve pit: hoyo de reserva13.Rotary hose: la manguera rotatoria.14.Stand pipe: la tuberia de posicion.15.Suction line:linea de la succion.16.Swivel: pieza giratoria.
CIRCULATION IN THE HOLE
1.ELECTRICAL GENERATORS - powered by the diesel engines to provide electrical power
Los generadores eléctricos –conducidos por motores eléctricos diesel para proporcionar el poder eléctrico.
2.MECHANICAL SYSTEM - driven by electric motors
El sistema mecánico - manejado por los motores eléctricos.
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3.HOISTING SYSTEM - used for lifting heavy loads; consists of a mechanical winch (draw works) with a large steel cable spool, a block-and-tackle pulley and a receiving storage reel for the cable
El sistema alzado – usado para alzar las cargas pesadas; consiste en un torno mecánico (el draw Works) con una bobina de cable de acero grande, una polea del bloque-y-aparejo y una bobina del almacenamiento receptor para el cable.
EXERCISE
WRITE THE DIFFERENTS
Power system
1. Turntable - part of the drilling apparatus.
2. Rotating equipment - used for rotary drilling
EQUIPO DE ROTACION- Usado para perforaciones rotativas.
3. Swivel - large handle that holds the weight of the drill string; allows the string to rotate and makes a pressure-tight seal on the hole. 4.Kelly - four- or six-sided pipe that transfers rotary motion to the turntable and drill string. Turntable or rotary table - drives the rotating motion using power from electric motors.
La pieza giratoria – asa o polea grande que sostiene el peso del cordón del taladro; permite el cordón para rodar y hace una foca presión-firme en el agujero
el Kelly - cuatro - o seis piezas de tubería que transfiere el movimiento rotatorio a la plataforma giratoria y cordón del taladro
5. drill string - consists of drill pipe (connected sections of about 30 ft / 10 m) and drill collars (larger diameter, heavier pipe that fits around the drill pipe and places weight on the drill bit)
SARTA DE PERFORACION- consiste en tubería de perforación (secciones conectadas de aproximadamente 30 pies / 10 m) y cuellos del taladro (el diámetro más grande, tubería más pesada que encaja alrededor de la tubería del taladro y peso sobre la broca del taladro.
6.drill bit(s) - end of the drill that actually cuts up the rock; comes in many shapes and materials (tungsten carbide steel, diamond) that are specialized for various drilling tasks and rock formations.
Brocas de perforación- el extremo del taladro que realmente corta la piedra; entra en muchas formas y materiales (acero de carburo de tungsteno, diamante) ese esta especializado para varias tareas de perforación y formaciones de la piedra.
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7. Casing - large-diameter, concrete pipe that lines the drill hole, prevents the hole from collapsing, and allows drilling mud to circulate
a metal pipe used to case a wellmetal de tubería para recubrimiento – tubería de gran diámetro, concreta que se línea al agujero del taladro e impide que el
agujero se derrumbe, y permite taladrar el barro para circular.
8. Circulation system - pumps drilling mud (mixture of water , clay , Weighting material and c hemicals , used to lift rock cuttings from the drill bit to the surface ) under pressure through the Kelly, rotary table, drill pipes and drill collars
El sistema de la circulación - bombas que taladran el barro (la mezcla de agua, la arcilla, el material pesando y químicos, levantar las cortes de la piedra del de la broca del taladro en la superficie) bajo la presión a través del kelly, mesa rotatoria, tuberías de perforación y cuello del taladro.
9. Pump - sucks mud from the mud pits and pumps it to the drilling apparatus, Pipes and hoses - connects pump to drilling apparatus
las bombas – succiones de barro, del hoyo de barro y bombea este al aparato taladrando. Los tubos y Mangueras - conectan la bomba al aparato taladrador
mud-return line - returns mud from hole
linea de retorno del lodo. Retorno de lodo desde el hueco
shale shaker - shaker/sieve that separates rock cuttings from the mud.
Linea de retorno del barro- shale shake (temblador) sieve(sedazo) que separa las cortes de la piedra del barro
11.shale slide - conveys cuttings to the reserve pit Vibradora - lleva las cortes al hoyo de la reserva.
12. Reserve pit - collects rock cuttings separated from the mud El hoyo de la reserva - colecciona cortes de la piedra separadas del barro
13. Mud pits - where drilling mud is mixed and recycled Hoyos de barro- donde el barro de perforación es mezclado y reciclado.
14. mud-mixing hopper - where new mud is mixed and then sent to the mud pits.
el depósito de alimentación barro-mezclando - donde el nuevo barro es mezclado y entonces envió a los hoyos de barro.
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CAPÍTULO 3
OFFSHORE PLATAFORMS.
An offshore platform, often referred to as an oil platform or an oil rig, is a large structure used to house workers and machinery needed to drill wells in the ocean bed, extract oil and/or natural gas, process the produced fluids, and ship or pipe them to shore. Depending on the circumstances, the platform may be fixed to the ocean floor, may consist of an artificial island, or may float.
Most offshore platforms are located on the continental shelf, though with advances in technology and increasing crude oil prices, drilling and production in deeper waters has become both feasible and economically viable. A typical platform may have around thirty
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wellheads located on the platform and directional drilling allows reservoirs to be accessed at both different depths and at remote positions up to 5 miles (8 kilometers) from the platform.
Remote subsea wells may also be connected to a platform by flow lines and by umbilical connections; these subsea solutions may consist of single wells or of a manifold centre for multiple wells.
TYPES OF THE PLATFORM
Larger lake- and sea-based offshore platforms and drilling rigs are some of the largest moveable man-made structures in the world. There are several distinct types[3] of platforms and rigs:
FIXED PLATFORM
A fixed platform base under construction on a Louisiana river These platforms are built on concrete and/or steel legs anchored directly onto the seabed, supporting a deck with space for drilling rigs, production facilities and crew quarters. Such platforms are, by virtue of their immobility, designed for very long term use (for instance the Hibernia platform). Various types of structure are used, steel jacket, concrete caisson, floating steel and even floating concrete. Steel jackets are vertical sections made of tubular steel members, and are usually piled into the seabed. Concrete caisson structures, pioneered by the Condeep concept, often have in-built oil storage in tanks below the sea surface and these tanks were often used as a flotation capability, allowing them to be built close to shore (Norwegian fjords and Scottish firths are popular because they are sheltered and deep enough) and then floated to their final position where they are sunk to the seabed. Fixed platforms are economically feasible for installation in water depths up to about 1,700 feet (520 m).
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COMPLIANT TOWER
These platforms consist of slender flexible towers and a pile foundation supporting a conventional deck for drilling and production operations. Compliant towers are designed to sustain significant lateral deflections and forces, and are typically used in water depths ranging from 1,500 to 3,000 ft (450 to 900 m).
SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE PLATFORM These platforms have hulls (columns and pontoons) of sufficient buoyancy to cause the structure to float, but of weight sufficient to keep the structure upright. Semi-submersible platforms can be moved from place to place; can be ballasted up or down by altering the amount of flooding in buoyancy tanks; they are generally anchored by combinations of chain, wire rope and/or polyester rope during drilling and/or production operations, though they can also be kept in place by the use of dynamic positioning. Semi-submersibles can be used in water depths from 200 to 10,000 feet (60 to 3,050 m).
JACK-UP PLAFORMS
Jack-up platforms (or jack-ups), as the name suggests, are platforms that can be jacked up above the sea using legs that can be lowered, much like jacks. These platforms are typically used in water depths up to 400 feet (120 m), although some designs can go to 550 feet (170 m) depth. They are designed to move from place to place, and then anchor themselves by deploying the legs to the ocean bottom using a rack and pinion gear system on each leg.
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DRILLSHIPS
A drillship is a maritime vessel that has been fitted with drilling apparatus. It is most often used for exploratory drilling of new oil or gas wells in deep water but can also be used for scientific drilling. Early versions were built on a modified tanker hull, but purpose-built designs are used today. Most drillships are outfitted with a dynamic positioning system to maintain position over the well. They can drill in water depths up to 12,000 feet (3,660 m).
FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
The main types of floating production systems are FPSO (floating production, storage, and offloading system). FPSOs consist of large monohull structures, generally (but not always) shipshaped, equipped with processing facilities. These platforms are moored to a location for extended periods, and do not actually drill for oil or gas. Some variants of these applications, called FSO (floating storage and offloading system) or FSU (floating storage unit), are used exclusively for storage purposes, and host very little process equipment.
TENSION-LEG PLATFORM
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TLPs are floating platforms tethered to the seabed in a manner that eliminates most vertical movement of the structure. TLPs are used in water depths up to about 6,000 feet (2,000 m). The "conventional" TLP is a 4-column design which looks similar to a semisubmersible. Proprietary versions include the Seastar and MOSES mini TLPs; they are relatively low cost, used in water depths between 600 and 4,300 feet (200 and 1,300 m). Mini TLPs can also be used as utility, satellite or early production platforms for larger deepwater discoveries
SPAR PLATFORMS
Spars are moored to the seabed like TLPs, but whereas a TLP has vertical tension tethers, a spar has more conventional catenary mooring lines. Spars have to-date been designed in three configurations: the "conventional" one-piece cylindrical hull, the "truss spar" where the midsection is composed of truss elements connecting the upper
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buoyant hull (called a hard tank) with the bottom soft tank containing permanent ballast, and the "cell spar" which is built from multiple vertical cylinders. The spar has more inherent stability than a TLP since it has a large counterweight at the bottom and does not depend on the mooring to hold it upright. It also has the ability, by adjusting the mooring line tensions (using chain-jacks attached to the mooring lines), to move horizontally and to position itself over wells at some distance from the main platform location. The first production spar was Kerr-McGee's Neptune, anchored in 1,930 feet (588 m) in the Gulf of Mexico; however, spars (such as Brent Spar) were previously used as FSOs. Eni's Devil's Tower is located in 5,610 feet (1,710 m) of water, in the Gulf of Mexico, and is currently the world's deepest spar; however, when Shell's Perdido spar is installed (expected mid-2009), it will be the deepest at almost 8,000 feet (2,438 m). The first Truss spars were Kerr-McGee's Boomvang and Nansen. The first (and only) cell spar is Kerr-McGee's Red Hawk.
Drill crew will be on board if the installation is performing drilling operations. A drill crew will normally comprise:
o Toolpusher
o Roughnecks
o Roustabouts
o Company man
o Mud engineer
o Derrickhand
o Geologist
Well services crew will be on board for well work. The crew will normally comprise:
o Well services supervisor
o Wireline or coiled tubing operators
o Pump operator
o Drawbacks
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CAPÍTULO 4
MEASSUREMENT WHILE DRILLING.
DESCRIPTION
The MWD tool is an in-line drill collar that records at-the-bit drilling parameters and telemeters the drilling parameter data as well as data from other LWD tools to the surface in real-time. MWD measurements include weight on bit (WOB), rate of penetration (ROP), torque, and pump pressure.
The tool uses a continuous mud wave, or siren-type, telemetry method and incorporates design features and software that enable it to approach data transmission rates of 6 to 10 bits per second. It measures downhole weight and torque on the bit to help the driller maintain optimal weight on bit or torque and improve the penetration rate.
The use of MWD equipment in ODP is anticipated to improve core quality and increase core recovery by reducing the variability of weight on bit (WOB). Examples of improved core quality include reduced "biscuiting," reduced core breaks, and recovery of difficult lithologies.
Measurement while drilling is a system developed to make drilling related measurements and transmit information to the surface while drilling the well. MWD tools are conveyed downhole as part of bottom hole assembly (BHA). The tools are either contained inside a drill collar (sonde type) or are built into the collars themseves.
MWD systems can take measurements of natural gamma ray, directional survey, tool face, borehole pressure, temperature, vibration, shock, torque etc. Some advanced MWD tools can even measure formation pressure and take formation samples. The MWD also provides the telemetry for operating rotary steering tools (RSTs).
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The measured results are stored in MWD tools and some of the results can be transmitted digitally to surface using mud pulser telemetry or other advanced technology.
Certain MWD systems have the capability of receiving encoded control commands which are sent by turning on and off mud pumps and/or changing the rotation speed of drill pipe or by other advanced telemetry technology such as wired pipe.
TYPES OF INFORMATION TRANSMITTED
DIRECTIONAL INFORMATION
MWD tools are generally capable of taking directional surveys in real time. The tool uses accelerometers and magnetometers to measure the inclination and azimuth of the wellbore at that location, and they then transmit that information to the surface. With a series of surveys at appropriate intervals (anywhere from every 30 ft (ie 10m) to every 500 ft), the location of the wellbore can be calculated.
MWD tools are extremely complex pieces of high- tech electronics.
By itself, this information allows operators to prove that their well does not cross into areas that they are not authorized to drill. However, due to the cost of MWD systems, they are not generally used on wells intended to be vertical. Instead, the wells are surveyed after drilling through the use of Multishot Surveying Tools lowered into the drillstring on slickline or wireline.
The primary use of real-time surveys is in Directional Drilling. For the Directional Driller to steer the well towards a target zone, he must know where the well is going, and what the effects of his steering efforts are.
MWD tools also generally provide toolface measurements to aid in directional drilling using downhole mud motors with bent subs or bent housings. For more information on the use of toolface measurements, see Directional Drilling.
DRILLING MECHANICS INFORMATION
MWD tools can also provide information about the conditions at the drill bit. This may include:
Rotational speed of the drillstring Smoothness of that rotation
Type and severity of any vibration downhole
Downhole temperature
Torque and Weight on Bit, measured near the drill bit
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Mud flow volume
Use of this information can allow the operator to drill the well more efficiently, and to ensure that the MWD tool and any other downhole tools, such as Mud Motors, Rotary Steerable Systems, and LWD tools, are operated within their technical specifications to prevent tool failure. This information also is valuable to Geologists responsible for the well information about the formation which is being drilled.
FORMATION PROPERTIES
Many MWD tools, either on their own, or in conjunction with separate Logging While Drilling tools, can take measurements of formation properties. At the surface, these measurements are assembled into a log, similar to one obtained by wireline logging.
LWD Logging While Drilling tools are able to measure a suite of geological characteristics including- density, porosity, resistivity, pseudo-caliper, inclination at the drill bit (ABI), magnetic resonance and formation pressure.
The MWD tool allows these measurements to be taken and evaluated while the well is being drilled. This makes it possible to perform Geosteering, or Directional Drilling based on measured formation properties, rather than simply drilling into a preset target.
Most MWD tools contain an internal Gamma Ray sensor to measure natural Gamma Ray values. This is because these sensors are compact, inexpensive, reliable, and can take measurements through unmodified drill collars. Other measurements often require separate Logging While Drilling tools, which communicate with the MWD tools downhole through internal wires.
DATA TRANSMISSION METHODS
MUD PULSE TELEMETRYThis is the most common method of data transmission used by MWD (Measurement While Drilling) tools. Downhole a valve is operated to restrict the flow of the drilling mud (slurry) according to the digital information to be transmitted. This creates pressure fluctuations representing the information. The pressure fluctuations propagate within the drilling fluid towards surface where they are received from pressure sensors. On surface the received pressure signals are processed by computers to reconstructs the transmitted information. The technology is available in three varieties - positive pulse, negative pulse, and continuous wave.
Positive Pulse
Positive Pulse tools briefly close and open the valve to restrict the mud flow within the drill pipe. This produces an increase in pressure that can be seen at surface. Line codes are used to represent the digital information in form of pulses.
Negative Pulse
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Negative pulse tools briefly open and close the valve to release mud from inside the drillpipe out to the annulus. This produces a decrease in pressure that can be seen at surface. Line codes are used to represent the digital information in form of pulses.
Continuous Wave
Continuous wave tools gradually close and open the valve to generate sinusoidal pressure fluctuations within the drilling fluid. Any digital modulation scheme with a continuous phase can be used to impose the information on a carrier signal. The most widely used modulation scheme is continuous phase modulation.
When underbalanced drilling is used, mud pulse telemetry can become unusable. This is because usually in order to reduce the equivalent density of the drilling mud a compressible gas is injected into the mud. This causes high signal attenuation which drastically reduces the ability of the mud to transmit pulsed data. In this case it is necessary to use methods different from mud pulse telemetry, such as electromagnetic waves propagating through the formation or wired drill pipe telemetry.
Current mud pulse telemetry technology offers a bandwidths of up to 40 bps. [1] The data rate drops with increasing length of the wellbore and is typically as low as 1.5 bps[2] - 3.0 bps.[1] bits per second at a depth of 35,000 ft - 40,000 ft (10668 m - 12192 m).
Surface to down hole communication is typically done via changes to drilling parameters, i.e. change of the rotation speed of the drill string or change of the mud flow rate. Making changes to the drilling parameters in order to send information can require interruption of the drilling process, which is unfavorable due to the fact that it causes non-productive time.
ELECTROMAGNETIC TELEMETRY (EM TOOL)
These tools incorporate an electrical insulator in the drillstring. To transmit data the tool generates an altered voltage difference between the top part (the main drillstring, above the insulator), and the bottom part (the drill bit, and other tools located below the insulator of the MWD tool). On surface a wire is attached to the wellhead, which makes contact with the drillpipe at the surface. A second wire is attached to a rod driven into the ground some distance away. The wellhead and the ground rod form the two electrodes of a dipole antenna. The voltage difference between the two electrodes is the receive signal that is decoded by a computer.
The EM tool generates voltage differences between the drillstring sections in the pattern of very low frequency (2-12Hz) waves. The data is imposed on the waves through digital modulation.
This system generally offers data rates of up to 10 bits per second. In addition, many of these tools are also capable of receiving data from the surface in the same way, while mud pulse-based tools rely on changes in the drilling parameters, such as rotation speed of the drillstring or the mud flow rate, to send information from the surface to
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downhole tools. Making changes to the drilling parameters in order to send information to the tools generally interrupts the drilling process, causing lost time.
Compared to mud pulse telemetry, electronic pulse telemetry is more effective in certain specialized situation, such as underbalanced drilling or when using air as drilling fluid. However, it generally falls short when drilling exceptionally deep wells, and the signal can lose strength rapidly in certain types of formations, becoming undetectable at only a few thousand feet of depth.
WIRED DRILL PIPE
Several oilfield service companies are currently developing wired drill pipe systems. These systems use electrical wires built into every component of the drillstring, which carry electrical signals directly to the surface. These systems promise data transmission rates orders of magnitude greater then anything possible with mud pulse or electromagnetic telemetry, both from the downhole tool to the surface, and from the surface to the downhole tool. The IntelliServ [3] wired pipe network, offering data rates upwards of 1 megabit per second, became commercial in 2006. Representatives from BP America, StatoilHydro, Baker Hughes INTEQ, and Schlumberger presented three success stories using this system, both onshore and offshore, at the March, 2008 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference in Orlando, Florida[4].
RETRIEVABLE TOOLS
MWD tools may be semi-permanently mounted in a drill collar (only removable at servicing facilities), or they may be self-contained and wireline retrievable.
Retrievable tools, sometimes known as Slim Tools, can be retrieved and replaced using wireline through the drill string. This generally allows the tool to be replaced much faster in case of failure, and it allows the tool to be recovered if the drillstring becomes stuck. Retrievable tools must be much smaller, usually about 2 inches or less in diameter, though their length may be 20 feet or more. The small size is necessary for the tool to fit through the drillstring, however, it also limits the tool's capabilities. For example, slim tools are not capable of sending data at the same rates as collar mounted tools, and they are also more limited in their ability to communicate with and supply electrical power to other LWD tools.
Collar-mounted tools, also known as Fat Tools, cannot generally be removed from their drill collar at the wellsite. If the tool fails, the entire drillstring must be pulled out of the hole to replace it. However, without the need to fit through the drillstring, the tool can be larger and more capable.
The ability to retrieve the tool via wireline is often useful. For example, if the drillstring becomes stuck in the hole, then retrieving the tool via wireline will save a substantial amount of money compared to leaving it in the hole with the stuck portion of the drillstring. However, there are some limitations on the process.
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LIMITATIONS
Retrieving a tool using wireline is not necessarily faster than pulling the tool out of the hole. For example, if the tool fails at 1,500 ft (460 m) while drilling with a triple rig (able to trip 3 joints of pipe, or about 90 ft (30 m) feet, at a time), then it would generally be faster to pull the tool out of the hole then it would be to rig up wireline and retrieve the tool, especially if the wireline unit must be transported to the rig.
Wireline retrievals also introduce additional risk. If the tool becomes detached from the wireline, then it will fall back down the drillstring. This will generally cause severe damage to the tool and the drillstring components in which it seats, and will require the drillstring to be pulled out of the hole to replace the failed components, thus resulting in a greater total cost then pulling out of the hole in the first place. The wireline gear might also fail to latch onto the tool, or in the case of a severe failure, might bring only a portion of the tool to the surface. This would require the drillstring to be pulled out of the hole to replace the failed components, thus making the wireline operation a waste of time.
SISTEMA DE EVALUACIÓN
El sistema de evaluación propuesto se encamina a diagnosticar y verificar los procesos de aprendizaje e interacción de los educandos, a su vez podrán conceptuar acerca del papel del docente en el desarrollo del curso académico. De acuerdo a la normatividad de la institución los procesos evaluativos se realizaran por medio de estrategias de autoevaluación, coevaluacion y hetero evaluación.
El curso será evaluado de tres componentes: en el primero que tiene un valor del 30% de la calificación total se utilizara las diversas estrategias pedagógicas propuestas en la guía de actividades.
PRIMERA UNIDAD
Actividades Porcentajes
Mapa conceptual del capítulo 1 y ensayo de los videos titulados “seguridad de perforación y momentos de seguridad”
5%
Taller 1 titulado programa STOP 5%
Quiz de prueba de gases 5%
Examen escrito 15%
Total 30%
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En el segundo se evaluaran los resultados de los trabajos prácticos en visitas empresariales y/o evaluaciones propuestas por el docente. Este componente tiene un valor del 30%.
En el tercer componente se realizara un examen final con el valor del 40% de la calificación final.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
UNIDAD 2
CAPITULO 1.
http://www.babelmundo.es/ingles/cursos/01_02_7.html
http://www.theyellowpencil.com/video/vocabvideos.html
http://www.aprende-gratis.com/ingles/curso.php?lec=presente-simple http://www.theyellowpencil.com/video/vocabvideos.html 00.htm
CAPITULO 2
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/30982-dirty-jobs-drilling-for-oil-video.htm
DIRTY JOBS : DRILLING FOR OIL
videos.howstuffworks.com
http://www.theyellowpencil.com/video/vocabvideos.html
. CAPITULO 3
CAPITULO 4
http://www.mansioningles.com/listening00.htm http://www.theyellowpencil.com/video/vocabvideos.html
ANEXOS
CAPITULO 1
Test 1
1. WHAT IS GEOLOGY?
A. It´s the work understand the history of our planet.B. It´s the study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made.C. It´s used for prepare maps of areas.
2. WHAT IS CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK?
A. It´s useful for construction of road, house and tunnels.B. are deposited in layers as astrataC. Are composed of discrete fragments or clasts of materials derived from other minerals.
1. HOW IS SEDIMENTARY ROCK FORMED?A. Are deposited in layers as astrataB. is formed by sedimentation of material at the Earth. C. Made up of fragments of pre-existing rock.
2. WHAT IS SEDIMENTATION?A. It´s composed of discrete fragments or clast of materials derived from other minerals.B. It´s the collective name for processes that cause mineral and/or organic particles.C. It´s a rock composed of sharp.
3. WHAT ARE SEDIMENTS?A. These are tiny particles of the rock.B. These are magma compositionsC. These are deposited in the surface Earth.
4. WHY IS FELDSPAR SEDIMENT COMPOSED?A. It is composed by calcium, sodium and magnesumB. It is composed by magma C. it is composed by crystalline rock.
5. WHY IS CLAY MINERAL COMPOSED?A. It´s composed by magma.B. It´s composed by fine particles of hydrous alumininum silicates and other minerals.C. It´s composed by crystal structures that contain calcium/sodium, magnesium.
6. THE IGNEOUS METAMORPHIC IS COMPOSEDA. It´s composed by magma or volcanic activity.B. It´s composed by fine particles of hydrous alumininum silicates and other minerals.C. It´s composed by crystal structures that contain calcium/sodium, magnesium.
7. WHAT IS THE SIZE OF THE SHALE GRAIN?
A. 2 to 263mmB. 0,063 to 2mmC. 0,002mm
8. WHAT IS THE CONGLOMERATE SAND BREACCIAS SIZE?A. 0,2 to 263mmB. 0,063 to 2mmC. 0,002mm
9. WHAT IS THE BLOCK SIZE?A. 0,009 mmB. 0, 89C. bigger that 263
10. THE QUARTZ ROCK IS FORMED BY …A. is formed B. is formed
C. is formed
11. THE EROSION, WATER, WIND……. A. are activities about sand brecciasB. are activities weatheringC. are crystalline rocks
12. IS A ROCK COMPOSED CHIEFLY
OF SILT HARDENED BY HEAT,
PRESSURE OR CEMENTATION A. ShaleB. SiltstoneC. Sandstone
13. CLAY AND MUD MINERALS ARE
FAMILY OF …A. BlockB. SandstoneC. shale
CAPITULO 2
OÍL AND GAS FORMATION
1. How was oil formed?a. It was formed by batteries remains.b. It was formed by silt and plant remains.c. It was formed by plants and animal remains.
2. What is pollution?a. It is contaminationb. It is good environmentc. It is crude oil.
3. What colour is the oil?a. This is black and yellowb. This is yellow to blackc. This is little yellow
4. The remains were helped by layers of __________________________a. Underground areasb. Heat and pressurec. Measurements layers.
5. “Crude oil is a smelly” it means that...a. The crude is sweet smellb. The crude is liquid smellc. The crude is ugly smell.
6. underground areas are calleda. United Statesb. Reservoirsc. countries
7. engineers begin studying a. Rock samples from the earth.b. Cements of the holec. Water and air of the earth.
8. Engineers begin the drilling after that___________________a. They take beer.b. They measurements
c. Site Promising
9. After crude oil is removed from the grounda. It is sent to refinery by pipeline, ship or bargeb. It is sent to the refinery by cars and trucksc. It is sent by motor gasoline.
10.Different parts of the crude oil are separated into useable petroleum products in __________a. A countryb. A companyc. A refinery
11.The abbreviated “bbls” is about a. 42-U.S. gallon barrel b. Barrelsc. petroleum products
12.This gain from processing the crude oil is similar to________________a. Rock pop processb. Pop corn processc. Poker pop process
13.One barrel of crude oil, when refined produces about__________________________a. 19 gallons of finished motor gasoline, and 9 gallons of diesel, as well as other petroleum
products. b. 50 gallons of finished motor gasoline, propane, and other petroleum products. c. 30 gallons of finished motor gasoline, and 9 gallons of diesel, propane and fuel.
14.The petroleum help in many things but it can cause problems in the environment a. like air and water pollutionb. like medicinesc. like reduce problems
15. the heat and pressure helped to ______________a. formed the crude oilb. produce remainsc. created plants and animals.
16. The petroleum is ____________________a. A propaneb. A fossil fuelc. A plastic product
17.The sediments on the ocean floor were called?a. Cement, silt and sandb. Silt, sand, liquid and remainsc. Silt, sand and rock
18. Petroleum Has produced less pollution by a. The water and air b. new technologies and lawsc. governments
19.ROCK OIL WASa. First name of the petroleum.b. First name of the fuel.c. First name of the diesel.
20.What is water?a. It is the floorb. It is measurementc. It is Liquid
CAPITULO 3
1. WHAT IS THE FIXED PLATFORM BUILT ON?A. these platforms are built on CONCRETE and/or STEEL legs anchored directly onto the seabed,B. these platforms are built with slender f lexible towersC. these platforms are built for move from place to place
2. THIS PLATFORM IS USED WITH BALLASTED UP AND DOWN BY ALTERNARY THE AMOUNT OF FLOODING IN BUOYANCY TANKS.A . SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE PLATFORMB . COMPLIANT TOWERSC . JACK-UP PLATFORMS
3. WHAT PLATFORM IS ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE FOR INSTALLATION IN WATER DEPTH UP ABOUT 1,700 FEET?A . COMPLIANT TOWERSB. JACK UP PLATFORMC . FIXED PLATFORM.
4. WHAT ACTIVITIES SUPPORTING A DECK A. A DECK IS SUPPORTING WITH OTHERS SHIPSB. A DECK IS SUPPORTING WITH SPACE FOR DRILLING RIGS, PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND CREW QUARTERS.C. A DECK IS SUPPORTING WITH RACK AND PINION GEAR SYSTEM.
5. THIS PERSON HAS THE OCCUPATION OF RUNNING PIPE.
a. Tool pusher
b. Roughnecks
c. Roustabouts
6. THIS PERSON HAS THE OCCUPATION SPECIALLY FPSO OR PRODUCTION PLANT.
a. Tool pusher
b. Roustabouts
C. CONTROL ROOM OPERATOR
7. WHAT IS THE OCCUPATION (OTL)A. CONTROL OPERATOR TOOLB. OFFSHORE TEAM LAUNDRY
C. OPERATIONS TEAM LEADER
8. THIS PLATFORM CAN BE MOVED FROM PLACE TO PLACEA. SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE PLATFORMB. COMPLIANT TOWERSC. JACK-UP PLATFORMSD. DRILL SHIPS
9. THIS PLATFORM IS A MARITIME VESSELA. THE SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE PLATFORMB. THE COMPLIANT TOWERSC. THE DRILL SHIPS.
10. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TENSION LEG PLATFORM?A. IT ‘S FOR DRILLING AND PRODUCTION OPERATIONSB. IT’S FOR PRODUCTION OPERATIONS FOR LARGER DEEP WATER DISCOVERIES.C. IT’S FOR MORE CONVENTIONAL CENTENARY MOORING LINES.
11. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEM? A. IT’S USED EXCLUSIVELY FOR STORAGE PURPOSESB. IT’S FOR DRILLING AND PRODUCTION OPERATIONSC. IT’S USED FOR ONLY DRILLING IN DEPTH WATER.
12. WHAT ARE THE OCCUPATIONS OF THE CATERING CREW?A. RUNNING THE PRODUCTION PLANTB. GAS SYSTEM OPERATOR AND FIRE TEAM LEADERC. COOKING, LAUNDRY AND CLEANING THE ACCOMMODATION.
13. WHAT ARE THE OCCUPATIONS OF THE CRANE OPERATOR?A. TO OPERATE THE CRANES FOR LIFTING CARGO AROUND THE PLATFORM AND BETWEEN BOATS.B. TO OPERATE PRODUCTION PLATFORM.C. TO OPERATE THE DRILLING THE PLATFORM.
14. COMPLIANT TOWERS A. CAN BE USED IN WATER DEPTHS FROM 200 TO 10,000 FEET (60 TO 3,050 M).
B. USED IN WATER DEPTHS UP TO 400 FEET (120 M). C. TYPICALLY USED IN WATER DEPTHS RANGING FROM 1,500 TO 3,000 FT (450 TO 900 M).
15 SPAR PLATFORMSA. HAS MORE CONVENTIONAL CATENARY MOORING LINESB. HAS SELF-SUFFICIENT IN ENERGY AND WATER.C. HAS LITTLE PROCESS EQUIPMENT.
16. JACK-UP PLATFORMSa. Are using a rack and pinion gear system on each leg.b. Are used for exploratoryc. Are used for installation system
17. WHAT IS THE MEAN OF THE FPSOA. FLOATING STORAGE AND OFFLOADING SYSTEMB. FLOATING PRODUCTION, STORAGE AND OFFLOADING SYSTEM
c. offloading system structures
Video 3 espacios confinados
Quiz prueba de gases
CAPITULO 4
Examen escrito
