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Ejercicios1. El diagrama PV de la figura,, muestra una serie de procesos
termodinmicos. En el proceso ab, se agregan 150 J de calor al sistema; en el proceso bd 600 J, Calcular: a) el cambio de energa interna en el proceso abb) U en el proceso abdc) el calor total agregado en el proceso acd.
SOLUCION
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MAQUINAS DE CALOR
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Motores de combustin interna
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Ciclo DIESEL
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Ciclo OTTO
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Caso Prctico: ACONDICIONADOR DE AIRE
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Refrigeradores
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SEGUNDA LEY DE LA TERMODINMICA
Es imposible que un sistema efecte un proceso en el que absorba calor de un depsito a una temperatura y lo convierta por completo en trabajo mecnico, terminando el sistema en el mismo estado que comenz
Es imposible que un proceso tenga como nico resultado la transferencia de calor de un cuerpo mas fro a uno mas caliente.
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CICLO DE CARNOT
H
CH
H
CCARNOT T
TT
T
Te
1
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ENTROPIA
La entropa es una medida cuantitativa del desorden.Para introducir este concepto, consideremos una expansin isotrmica infinitesimal de un gas. Agregamos calor, y dejamos que el gas se expanda apenas lo suficiente para mantener constante la temperatura
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ENTROPIA
nRT
dQ
V
dVqueasidV
V
nRtpdVdWdQ ;
Introduciendo la letra S para identificar la entropa:
)inf( reversibleinetesimalprocesoT
dQdS
El cambio de la la entropa es:
T
QSSS 12
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ENTROPIA
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Problema 19.14
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Problema 19.40
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Problema 19.17
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Problema 19.43
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Problema 19.48
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Problemas 19.44 y 19.45
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