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8/9/2019 GIZIAKIS-BxOUNTRI
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Modern Maritime Piracy:
Countermeasures and Preventive Actions
by the Greek Shipping Industry
K.Giziakis, K. Bountri
Department of Maritime Studies
University of Piraeus
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Contents- Presentation structure
Part I:
Theoretica A!!roach
o Introduction
o Piracy attacks
o Causeso Pirates’ Modus Vivendi
o Anti-piracy measures
o Piracy Cost
o Piracy in West Africa
Part II:"#!erimenta Method
o Greek ShippinIndustry
o Methodo!oy ofresearch
o Study resu!ts "ffectiveness of anti-
piracy measures
Measures imp!emented #y Greek Shippin
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Part I: Theoretica A!!roach
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Introduction•
Piracy can #e traced #ack in time to the ae of maritimee$p!oration of mankind%
• Piracy definition #y the Internationa! Maritime &ureau%
• ''%((( vesse!s transit (yearly) throuh )ih *isk Areas%
• $ots!ots: Indonesia
Soma!ia
+ieria
&an!adesh
Ma!aysia
*esponsi#!e for
the ,. !o#a!!y
reported piracy
attacks
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Causes o% Piracy• Genera conditions:
/o0 economic ro0th% Poverty%
State1Governments una#!e to dea! 0ith such phenomena%
• &omaia:
Averae Soma!ian earns 23(( per year%Main #read-0innin activity4 fishin%
)o0ever5 i!!ea! fishin #y forein tra0!ers on thesea#oard reduces the fish stock%
6o$ic and chemica! dumpin off the coast of Soma!ia !eadsto the ecosystem’s disruption and fish stock erosion%
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Pirates' Modus (ivendi
• Monsoon1season-dependent “job”
7rom March unti! 8une
7rom 9cto#er to :ecem#er
• ; Mother Vessels< )ih-speed skiffs =up to 25 knots>
• "ach attackin roup is composed of 3-? persons%• Attacks take p!ace main!y in the cover of t0i!iht%
• 6heir armament inc!udes4 A!"# assault riffles
$%&!# ro'ket laun'hers
Semi!automati' eapons
$i)h &eason
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Anti-Piracy Measures• 6he necessity of "uropean participation '(. of a!!
vesse!s f!y the "uropean f!a%"U +AV79* =responsible for peration “A*A+A,*A”>Maritime Security Centre )orn of Africa = MS-.A>
• Company’s measures #efore the voyae%•
Measures upon enterin )ih-*isk Areas%• Ship’s measures4"nhanced #ride protection%Visua! contact 0ith surroundin 0aters%Increased vesse!’s speed%*a@or 0ire5 0ater spray5 foam monitor5 CC6V5 citade!5
armed or unarmed security
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&omai-*ased Piracy cost +2012
(source: Ocean beyond piracy)
€4.6 billion
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Gu% o% Guinea
• '? incidents in '(B% ,? attacks in '('%• Most of the reports seem not to #e reported%• 6he Gu!f of Guinea is a maor route for oi! tankers%• 6he pirates’ income comes from oi! theft%•
6he sto!en caro 0i!! #e so!d in the #!ack market%• Vio!ent attacks happen5 even if the ships have armed
security on them%• Poverty1Corruption1Governments’ ina#i!ity to contro!
their territory%• West Africa Governments have not 0e!comed the idea
of 0estern nava! patro!s%
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Part II: "#!erimenta Method
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The Greek &hi!!in) Industry
•st in "U5 concernin ross tonnae%
• Dth !o#a!!y5 concernin ross tonnae%
• D%(((-?%((( vesse!s transit throuh )ih *isk
Areas%• More than ' ships o0ned #y Greek Shippin
Companies have #een hiacked%
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Methodoo)y o% esearch
•B' Greek Shippin Companies 0ere asked/0ia questionnaires1
• "$aminin4 ffe'ti0eness of anti!pira'y measures1
Measures already in effe't3applied in the -ompany1
• 6he sca!e 0as4
Not
Efective
Maybe
Efective
EfectiveVery
Efective
Extremely
Efective
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Introductory "ements&ased on the resu!ts of this survey4
•
33. of the Participants had more than 3 years e$perience inthe maritime industry%
• 6he maority of the Companies have up to , vesse!s%
• EB. of the Companies o0ned #u!k carriers and another EB.
o0ned tankers%• 6he averae f!eet’s ae for the 3(. of the Companies 0as
#et0een E-( years%
• Most of the Companies had #een founded #efore ?(%
• 6he ?,. of the Participants’ vesse!s transit throuh )ih-*isk Areas =2# maritime 'ompanies>%
• E(. of them have #een su#ected of piracy attack or attempt%
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Greek &hi!!in) rates the e%%ectiveness
o% anti-!iracy measures
•
6he most e%%ective measures 0ere4 6o avoid hih risk areas% +ava! forces to destroy pirate skiffs% Armed security%
Cre0 trainin%• "%%ective measures4 *isk assessment Anti-piracy p!an at the office%
*eistration 0ith nava! forces% :esination and use of citade!% Participation of vesse! in a convoy system%
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• 6he fo!!o0in measures are considered as a )ood protection4
Vesse!’s free#oard more than ( meters%
Use of 0ater cannons%"nhanced #ride protection%
Use of ra@or1#ar#ed 0ire as a fence%
Maneuverin practices%
Increasin vesse!’s speed%
Greek &hi!!in) rates the e%%ectiveness
o% anti-!iracy measures
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• 6he maority reards the fo!!o0in as inadeuatemeasures4
C!osed circuit te!evision =--*V >%
&!indin 1 da@@!e 0eapons% :os on#oard%
Unarmed security%
6o enhance the Internationa! /ea! 7rame0ork%
6o assist Soma!ia in settin-up a functiona!Government%
Greek &hi!!in) rates the e%%ectiveness
o% anti-!iracy measures
M d i d i G k
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Measures aready a!!ied in Greek
Com!anies
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/ i i th % t t t % th
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/!inion on the %uture status o% the
situation in hi)h-risk areas
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A %e0 ast comments• Soma!i-#ased piracy attacks have sinificant!y
dro!!ed main!y due to4 Armed se'urity personnel A'ti0e military presen'e
$o0ever the threat sti e#ists.
• Piracy 0i!! #ecome e$tinct throuh internationa!assistance for the reion’s economic deve!opment andsta#i!ityF
1ot throuh dea!in 0ith ea'h individua! attackor hiack on its on #asis%
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Concusions• 6he Greek Shippin Industry appears to fu!!y imp!ement a!!
suested piracy counter-measures5 ivin priority to4
$isk assessment1
Anti!pira'y %lan prior to the 0oya4e1
Armed se'urity personnel1
• With the maority #e!ievin that the maritime piracy situation 0i!
remain the same5 their credo seems to #e4
“ Better safe than sorry”
7ood for further thouht =takin4 into 'onsideration the in'reased pira'y atta'ks in the &ulf of &uinea>4 !here does the
internationa" co##unity $ant to fight %iracy& on "and or at sea'
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