guia 4 primera ley

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SGNQCTXNMEM GEHNIGEO CVZCTN@CG]EO

ATEGHXNHI MC @NTEGME

ÅTCE MC ]CHGIOIKÀE

MCZET]E@CG]I MC CGCTKÎ]NHEEZTCGMNREBC MNEOØKNHI NG]CTEH]NQI

SGNMEM HSTTNHSOET ]CT@IMNGÅ@NHE

Coeditemi zit

Ztia' @e~te Oce

Ztia' Cgmct Hettexusct



Hig}cgnmi

='5 Ztnghnzni mc oHigxctqehnøg mc oe @exe

Aosbi `åxnhi' Aosbqios`î}tnhi' Chsehnøg mHig}ngsnmem

='4 Cgctkàe mc sg Xnx}cè

='8 Cgctkàe mc sg Aosnmi uscAos~c

='= Ztn`cte Oc~ mc Oe]ctìmngå`nhe

='='5 Xnx}cè Hcttemi

='='4 Xnx}cè Ednct}i

='='4'5 Aosbi ~ cx}emi GiCx}edoc

='='4'5 Aosbi ~ cx}emiCx}edoc

='3 Hezehnmemcx Heoitàanhex

='1 Cbcthnhnix Ztizscx}ix

=';' Tcactcghnex Dndoniktåanhex

Cg cx}e Sgnmem ]c`å}nhe cx}etcìx egeonregmi

Oe Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ctìmngå`nhe' Xc Egeonreteg

}imix oix coc`cg}ix usc higaitèg sg xnx}cè cgasghnøg mc oe ztn`cte oc~ hig co idbc}nqi mc mcmshnt oe

chsehnøg usc oe ztn`cte Oc~ zete xnx}cèx Hcttemix/

xnx}cèx Ednct}ix/ xnx}cè mc aosbi ~ cx}emi cx}edoc/

xnx}cèx mc Aosbi ~ cx}emi gi cx}edoc'

Idbc}nqix Mnmåh}nhix2

Highncghnet eo cx}smneg}c xidtc oe n`zit}eghne mc oe

Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ctìmngå`nhe cg oe tcxioshnøg

mc ztidocèx mc Ngkcgnctàe'

Ait`soet oe cvztcxnøg è}c`å}nhe mc oe Ztn`cte

Oc~ mc oe ]ctìmngå`nhe e zet}nt mc xn}sehnigcx

hi}nmnegex'

Cqeoset oix he`dnix cgctkî}nhix mc oix ztihcxix cg

sg xnx}cè i qios`cg mc hig}tio s}nonregmi oe

Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ctìmngå`nhe

Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ctìmngå`nhe

EMN-SGCA@ 4:55 ]cè =



Oe Ztn`cte Oc~ mc ]ctìmngå`nhe/ e qchcx higihnme hiì oe oc~ mc higxctqehnøg mc

cgctkàe/ CGSGHNE USC OE CGCTKÀE GI ZSCMC XCT HTCEME GN MCX]TSNME/ XØOI

ZSCMC XCT HIGQCT]NME MC SGE AIT@E E I]TE' Cg i}tex zeoedtex/ hsegmi Bisoc

mcbø hect co zcxi usc qiohø oe tscme mc zeoc}e/ oe cgctkàe `chågnhe ondcteme gi xc kex}ø/ xc

higqnt}nø cg cgctkàe ztiqcgncg}c mco heoit/ hesxegmi exà usc oe }c`zcte}ste mco eksees`cg}exc' Oe ztn`cte oc~ mc }ctìmngå`nhe etks`cg}e usc oe }i}eonmem mc oe heg}nmem mc

cgctkàe ztcxcg}c cg co sgnqctxi cx higx}eg}c'

Oe oc~ mc higxctqehnøg mc oe cgctkàe cx}edochc usc co qeoit mc oe cgctkàe mc sg xnx}cè

enxoemi &xng ng}ctehhnøg hig gngkòg i}ti xnx}cè. zctègchc ngqetnedoc hig co }nc`zi' Oe

higxctqehnøg mc oe cgctkàe mc sg xnx}cè cx}å onkeme eo fchfi mc usc oex chsehnigcx mc

cqioshnøg xceg ngmczcgmncg}cx mco ngx}eg}c higxnmctemi'

Mcg}ti mc oix xnx}cèx }ctìmngå`nhix/ sge higxchscghne mc oe oc~ mc higxctqehnøg mc oe

cgctkàe cx oe ooeème ztn`cte oc~ mc oe }ctìmngå`nhe usc cx}edochc usc/ meme sge heg}nmem

mc cgctkàe }ît`nhe ΝU usc aos~c mcg}ti mc sg xnx}cè/ mcdc ezetchct hiì sg nghtc`cg}i

mc oe cgctkàe ng}ctge mco xnx}cè &ΝS. i hiì sg }tedebi &Ν[. cach}semi zit co xnx}cè

xidtc xsx eotcmcmitcx2

&U. 0 &∁S. , &[.

='5 ZTNGHNZNI MC OE HIGXCTQEHNØG MC OE @EXE

Co ztnghnzni mc oe higxctqehnøg mc oe èxe zete sg xnx}cè ednct}i

Y 0

`xnx}cè`x`c

Ankste ='5' Ztnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg mc oe èxe

@exe }i}eo uscxc xeoc mco

xnx}cè

He`dni gc}i mcoe èxe mcg}ti

mco xnx}cè

@exe }i}eousc cg}te eo

xnx}cè

`c `x `xnx}

Oe heg}nmem mc è}ctneusc ngktcxe e sg xnx}cèednct}i mcdc xct oe `nxèheg}nmem mc è}ctne uscxeoc mco `nxì

http://winopen%28%27/library/pop_glossary_term.php?oid=1506&l=s%27,%27Glossary%27,500,300);

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_%28f%C3%ADsica%29

http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sistema_termodin%C3%A1mico&action=edit

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_de_conservaci%C3%B3n

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_ley_de_la_termodin%C3%A1mica

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_t%C3%A9rmica

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_interna

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabajo_%28f%C3%ADsica%29

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabajo_%28f%C3%ADsica%29

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_interna

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_t%C3%A9rmica

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_ley_de_la_termodin%C3%A1mica

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_de_conservaci%C3%B3n

http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sistema_termodin%C3%A1mico&action=edit

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_%28f%C3%ADsica%29

http://winopen%28%27/library/pop_glossary_term.php?oid=1506&l=s%27,%27Glossary%27,500,300);



Cx}e `nxè chsehnøg xc zscmc cvztcxet }e`dnîg zit sgnmem mc }nc`zi2

Oe heg}nmem mc èxe usc aos~c e }teqîx mc sge xchhnøg }tegxqctxeo zit sgnmem mc

}nc`zi xc mcgi`nge aosbi `åxnhi ~ co xà`dioi

` / ngmnhe usc cx èxe zit sgnmem mc}nc`zi'

-

xnx} xnx} x `````c 54

m} m``c` xnx} x )

Migmc2

c ~ x tcztcxcg}eg oe cg}teme ~ oe xeonme tcxzch}nqe`cg}c'

2 tcztcxcg}e oe xsè}itne mc }imix oix aosbix `åxnhix ~ èxex usc cg}teg ~ xeocg mcoqios`cg mc hig}tio'

Ankste ='4' Qios`cg mc Hig}tio

Co aosbi mc èxe i oe tcoehnøg mc aosbi mc èxe mc sg aosnmi usc hnthsoe cg sge }sdctàe i msh}i

cx ztizithnigeo eo åtce mc oe xchhnøg }tegxqctxeo &E. mc oe }sdctàe i msh}i/ mcgxnmem & . ~ e oeqcoihnmem mco aosnmi &Q.'

` 0 v Q` v E

2 mcgxnmem mco aosnmi

Q`2 Qcoihnmem `cmne mco aosnmi

E2 Åtce }tegxqctxeo gitèo e oe mntchhnøg mc aosbi'

@exe }i}eo usc xcxeoc mco xnx}cèzit sgnmem mc

}nc`zi

Qetnehnøg mc oeèxe mco xnx}cèhig tcxzch}i eo

}nc`zi

@exe }i}eo usccg}te eo xnx}cèzit sgnmem mc

}nc`zi



Co aosbi `åxnhi ~ co qios`î}tnhi xc tcoehnigeg'

q

Q Q `

EQ EQ `

Q

'

` 2 aosbi `åxnhi2 mcgxnmem

Q 2 aosbi qios`î}tnhiQ2 qcoihnmem mco aosnmiq2 qios`cg cxzchàanhi

='4 DEOEGHC MC CGCTKÀE

xnx} xc C C C [ U

@exe Cg}teg}c

@exe Xeoncg}c

Ankste ='8' Ng}ctehhnøg mc @exe/ Heoit ~ ]tedebi cg sg xnx}cè

,

Cgctkàe }i}eo}tegxzit}emefehne mcg}timco Xnx}cè'hig oe èxe

zit sgnmem mc}nc`zi'

Cgctkàe }i}eo]tegxzit}eme fehneascte mco xnx}cèhig oe èxe zit

sgnmem mc }nc`zi'

Qetnehnøg mc oeCgctkàe mcoXnx}cè zit

sgnmem mc }nc`zi

Cgctkàe }i}eousc htsre oe

atig}cte hiìheoit ~ }tedebizit sgnmem mc

}nc`zi

Cgctkàe }i}eo mcoe èxe usc

xeoc mco xnx}cè

Qetnehnøg cg oeCgctkàe }i}eo mco

Xnx}cè'

Cgctkàe }i}eomc oe èxeusc cg}te eo

xnx}cè

Cgctkàe }i}eousc htsre oe

atig}cte hiìheoit }tedebi

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U

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Qh

Cg sg xnx}cè}ctìmngå`nhi co heoit ~co }tedebi xig aitèx mccgctkàex usc htsreg oexatig}ctex mco `nxì/`ncg}tex oe èxe cg}te ~xeoc mco qios`cg mchig}tio



m}

mCxnx} x C c C [ U

Oe cgctkàe }i}eo mc sg xnx}cè cx}å higx}n}snme zit cgctkàe èhtixhøznhe ~ `nhtixhøznhe' Oeztn`cte co xnx}cè oe zixcc hiì sg }imi cg tcoehnøg hig sg èthi mc tcactcghne cv}ctnit

&cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo/ `ncg}tex oe `nhtixhøznhe xc tcoehnige hig oe eh}nqnmem ìochsoetmco xnx}cè &cgctkàe ng}ctge.'

krQ

S C 4

4

='8 CGCTKÀE ]I]EO MC SG AOSNMI USC AOS^C

Co qios`cg mc hig}tio nghos~c aosbix mc èxe e }teqîx mc oe atig}cte mco qios`cg mc hig}tio/zit oi usc gchcxn}e sge cgctkàe zete c`zsbet oe èxe fehne mcg}ti ~ fehne ascte mco qios`cgmc hig}tio/ cx}c }tedebi xc higihc hiì mc aosbi

'

Q Z O EZ OA [ aosbi

QcZc[ aosbic

Zit sgnmem mc èxe2

qxZx[ aosbix

qcZc[ aosbic

Oe cgctkàe mc sg xnx}cè'

Cz Chs C

Sg aosnmi usc cg}te i xeoc mc sg qios`cg mc hig}tio zixcc sge cgctkàe emnhnigeo/ oe cgctkàemc aosbi i }tedebi mc aosbi'

Cz ChsZqZq C

Mc cx}e cvztcxnøg xc mctnqe sge gscqe ztizncmem }ctìmngå`nhe ooeème cg}eozne2

Zqsf

Cz ChS C

QxZx[ aosbix



='= MCMSHHNIG MC OE ZTN@CTE OC^

Oe Chsehnøg mc oe Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ctìmngå`nhe cx xioi oe cvztcxnøg è}c`å}nhe mcoZtnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg mc oe Cgctkàe/ mco hseo oe è~itàe }cgcìx gihnøg zit gscx}tixhstxix mc Aàxnhe'

Oe tcactnme Chsehnøg/ cvztcxe cg cxcghne/ co deoeghc usc mcdc cvnx}nt cg}tc oix mnactcg}cx

}nzix mc cgctkàe cg sg ztihcxi mc}ct`ngemi' Cg}tc cx}ix }nzix mc cgctkàe xc hscg}eg2 oehngî}nhe/ oe zi}cghneo/ oe ng}ctge/ co }tedebi ~ co heoit'

Eg}cx mc ztcxcg}et oe mcmshhnøg/ ztizne`cg}c mnhfe/ mc oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~/efigmcìx sg zihi `åx cg sg }øznhi usc ~e fcìx cx}smnemi cg i}tex izit}sgnmemcx2 Co}tedebi'

Cg gscx}tex hoexcx ztcqnex fcìx fchfi tcactcghne e qetnix }nzix mc }tedebi2 mc atig}cte/coîh}tnhi/ mc sg cbc/ mc sg tcxit}c/ c}h'< zcti emc`åx mc cx}ix/ fe~ sg }nzi mc }tedebi usc}ncgc cxzchneo n`zit}eghne cg oix xnx}cèx ednct}ix ~ usc xc mcgi`nge ]tedebi mc Aosbi/ cohseo xc mcangc hiì co }tedebi tcusctnmi zete ìqct hnct}e heg}nmem mc èxe/ fehne emcg}ti i

fehne eascte mc sg qios`cg mc hig}tio' Qceìx hiì xc heohsoe co `nxì/ dexågmigix cgoe xnksncg}c ankste2

Ankste ='=' Qios`cg mc Hig}tio' Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ctìmngå`nhe

Egeonhcìx oe cg}teme ~ cqeoscìx co }tedebi gchcxetni zete ng}timshnt oe zithnøg mc èxengmnheme eo qios`cg mc Hig}tio'

Tchitmegmi oe mcangnhnøg dåxnhe mc }tedebi2

[ 0 A"m ~ usc2 A 0 Z"E

Zimcìx cxhtndnt2[0 Z"E"m 0007 &5.

Efite dncg/ zete gscx}ti hexi cg zet}nhsoet2Z 0 Ztcxnøg mc cg}teme mco Aosnmi &Zcg.E 0 Åtce mc oe xchhnøg mc cg}teme &E.

E

E

QIOS@CG

MC

HIG]TIO

` cg}

` xeo

V

Zcg

Zxeo



cg} 0 ` cg} " c cg}

C xeo 0` xeo" c xeo

E

E

QIOS@CG

MC

HIG]TIO

[Acg

[A xeo

[

U

m 0 Mcxzoere`ncg}i gchcxetni zete ng}timshnt oe zithnøg mc èxe &V.

Oe chsehnøg &5. xc higqnct}c cg2[0 Zcg" E" V

Cg migmc co ztimsh}i &E"V./ tcxso}e xct co qios`cg mc oe èxe mc cg}teme/ cg}ighcx2

[0 Zcg"Qcg 000007 ]tedebi }i}eo mc Aosbi e oe cg}teme'

~ zit sgnmem mc èxe xctå2{ 0 Zcg"cg

Sg tcxso}emi xc`cbeg}c xc id}cgmtàe zete oe xeonme2

{ 0 Zxeo " xeo

Cvzonhemi ~e cx}c highcz}i/ editmcìx oe mc mcmshhnøg mc Oe Chsehnøg Kcgcteo mc oe

Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ctìmngå`nhe'

]i`cìx hiì tcactcghne oe xnksncg}c ankste2

Ankste ='3' Qios`cg mc Hig}tio

Migmc2Ccg} 0 Cgctkàe mc cg}teme }i}eo exihneme e oe èxe mc cg}teme'Cxeo 0 Cgctkàe mc xeonme }i}eo exihneme e oe èxe mc xeonme'[Acg 0 ]tedebi mc Aosbi mc cg}teme'[Axeo 0 ]tedebi mc Aosbi mc Xeonme'[ 0 ]tedebi gc}i mnactcg}c eo }tedebi mc aosbi'U 0 Heoit gc}i'c 0 \&Qcoih4 )4kh., R"&k)kh. , sP 0 Cgctkàe }i}eo cxzchàanhe

Ezonhegmi co Ztnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg mc oe Cgctkàe2

Cgctkàe cg}tegmi - Cgctkàe xeoncgmi 0 Cgctkàe cg co Qios`cg mc Hig}tio



Cg aitè mnactcghneo2

\Ccg} , [Acg} , UP - \Cxeo ,[ ,[AxeoP 0 \mCP qhig}tio

Mc ègcte `åx mcxettiooeme2

\ccg}" `cg} ,Zcg}"cg}" `cg} P , U - \cxeo"`xeo , [ , Z xeo"xeo"`xeoP 0 m \c"`P Qhig}tio

Ektszegmi }ît`ngix2

`cg} \ccg} ,Zcg}"cg} P , U - `xeo \cxeo , Z xeo"xeoP - [ 0 m\c"`PQhig}tio

Ng}cktegmi2 `cg} \ccg} ,Zcg}"cg} P , U - `xeo \cxeo , Z xeo"xeoP - [ 0 \cAng"Àng - cngn"`ngnPQhig}tio

Tchitmegmi usc2 c 0 \&Qcoih4 )4kh., R"&k ) kh. , sP/ xc }ncgc2

\Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , s , Z"P cg}"`cg} , U -\Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , s , Z"P xeo"`xeo - [ 0

\Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , sPAng"Àng - \Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , s Pngn"`ngn

]iègmi cg hscg}e usc2 f 0 s , Z"/ angeo`cg}c xc id}ncgc2

\Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , fPcg}"`cg} , U - \Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , fPxeo"`xeo - [ 0| \Qco 4 ) 4kh ,R"&k )kh. , s PAng"Àng - \Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , s Pngn"`ngn pQetnehnøg mc Cgctkàe cg co Q' Hig}tio

Tcitkegnregmi id}cgcìx oi usc xc higihc hiì CHSEHNØG MC ZTN@CTE OC^ 2

qh

k R Q

s`k R Q

s`Qx

Rxkfx`x[ UQc

Rckfc`c

5

4

5

554

44

44

44

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444

='='5' Xnx}cè Ednct}i' Cx}emi ~ Aosbi Cx}edoc &Aosbi Zctègcg}c.

Eoksgex mc oex heteh}ctàx}nhex mc sg xnx}cè ednct}i debi higmnhnigcx mc aosbi cx}edoc xcztcxcg}eg e hig}ngsehnøg2

Oex ztizncmemcx ng}cgxnqex ~ cv}cgxnqex mcg}ti mco qios`cg mc hig}tio gi he`dneg hig co}nc`zi zit oi usc oe mcgxnmem cx higx}eg}c eo nkseo usc co qios`cg'



Oe heg}nmem mc cgctkàe usc cg}te e sg qios`cg mc hig}tio/ mcdc xct nkseo e oe cgctkàe

usc xeoc cg sg ztihcxi mc aosbi cx}edoc'

Oex ztizncmemcx mc cg}teme ~ xeonmex zscmcg xct mnactcg}cx cg mnx}ng}ex edct}stex mccg}teme ~ xeonme/ nghosxi qetnet zit }ime oe xchhnøg }tegxqctxeo mc sge cg}teme ~ sgexeonme zcti gi he`dneg hig co }nc`zi' Emnhnigeo`cg}c oe cocqehnøg ~ oe qcoihnmemzctègchcg higx}eg}cx cg sge zixnhnøg anbe cg qeoitcx zti`cmnix'

OC^ MC OE HIGXCTQEHNØG MC OE @EXE ZETE CX]EMI ^ AOSBI CX]EDOC

@QH 0 : < @exe }i}eo usc cg}te cx nkseo e oe èxe }i}eo usc xeoc'

:54 `qh```` xc

5454 : `````qh

`x`c

x`c`

='='4' Oc~ mc oe Higxctqehnøg mc oe cgctkàe' Xnx}cè usc izcte cg ztihcxix mc Aosbi ~Cx}emi Cx}edoc

CQH 0 : < Oe cgctkàe }i}eo usc cg}te eo qios`cg mc hig}tio cx nkseo e oecgctkàe }i}eo usc xeoc/ zit oi }eg}i2

:

4

5

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xxxxcccc Q k rf`Q k rf`[ U

Oe chsehnøg mc oe ztn`cte oc~ zete sg xnx}cè usc izcte cg ztihcxi mc aosbi cx}emi~ cx}edoc uscme cg co hseo xioi cvnx}c sge hittncg}c mc cg}teme ~ xeonme

xc ``

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4

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cxcxcx R R kQ Q ff`[ U

='='4'5 Mnxzixn}nqix usc Izcteg Cg Aosbi Zctègcg}c2

Ztihcxix migmc gi fe~ }tedebiCg}tc oix mnxzixn}nqix usc izcteg cg cx}emi cx}edoc ~ gi ztimshcg gn higxs`cg }tedebi/cx}åg2 ng}cthe`dnemitcx mc heoit/ higmcgxemitcx/ kcgctemitcx mc qezit &heomctex./



mnasxitcx/ }idctex/ qåoqsoex mc Cx}tegksoe`ncg}i ~ }sdctàex' Xcksnme`cg}c xc mcxhtndcgheme sgi mc cooix'

Sg Ng}cthe`dnemit mc Heoit xc c`zoce zete }tegxactnt heoit mc sg aosnmi e i}ti'Gitèo`cg}c oix he`dnix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo xig mcxztchnedocx' Co heoit}tegxactnmi/ cg}tc oex mix hittncg}cx/ xc heohsoe `cmneg}c oe mnactcghne mc cg}eozàex ~ co

egåonxnx mczcgmc mc oe cochhnøg mco qios`cg mc hig}tio' Oe ankste ngmnhe mixzixndnonmemcx cg mnhfe cochhnøg/ oe xcochhnøg xc fetå cg asghnøg mc oe ngaitèhnøgmcxceme ~ mc oe higihnme'

Ankste ='1' Ng}cthe`dnemit mc Heoit

Zete co qios`cg mc Hig}tio ‟E‐2

U 0 `&fx5 ‘ fc5.

Zete co qios`cg mc Hig}tio ‟D‐2

`5"fc5 , `4"fc4 0 `5"fx5 , `4"fx4

Sg higmcgxemit cx sg }nzi mc ng}cthe`dnemit mc heoit usc tceonre sge }etcecxzchàanhe zit oi usc oex chsehnigcx eg}ctnitcx xig qåonmex zete co `nxì ' Cg sgHigmcgxemit hnthsoe ekse atàe &s i}ti aosnmi. zete higmcgxet }i}eo &i zethneo`cg}c. sg

qezit i sge `crhoe hig heonmem cocqeme'

Qio' mc hig}tio D

Aosnmi heoncg}c

&Hittncg}c 5.Qio' mc hig}tio E

Aosnmi Atài

&Hittncg}c 4.



Sg Kcgctemit mc Qezit &heomcte. c`zoce sge ascg}c mc cgctkàe/ }eo hiì co uscèmimc hi`dsx}ndoc zsoqctnremi i sg tceh}it gshocet/ zete qezitnret sg aosnmi' Cg cx}ccusnzi oix he`dnix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo xig }àznhe`cg}c mcxztchnedocx ~ co`nxì gi ngqioshte }tedebi' Oe chsehnøg mc Ztn cte Oc~ zete cx}c cusnzi/ xc tcmshc e2

U 0 `&fx ‘ fc.

Ankste =';' Cxuscè mc sg Kcgctemit mc Qezit

Oix Mnasxitcx ~ ]idctex/ xc c`zoceg zete hig}tioet oe qcoihnmem mc sg aosnmi' Cx}ixc oikte qetnegmi ktemseo`cg}c co åtce cg}tc oe cg}teme ~ oe xeonme' Cg sg Mnasxit mnx`ngs~c oe qcoihnmem `ncg}tex oe ztcxnøg es`cg}e< cg oe ]idcte xshcmc oi hig}tetnies`cg}e oe qcoihnmem `ncg}tex mnx`ngs~c oe ztcxnøg' Memi usc oe cgctkàe hngî}nhexscoc xct n`zit}eg}c ~ usc oe }tegxactcghne mc heoit xscoc xct mcxztchnedoc/ mcdnmiztnghnzeo`cg}c e oex eo}ex qcoihnmemcx mco aosnmi usc }tec hiì higxchscghne usc gizctègcrhe co }nc`zi xsanhncg}c cg co cusnzi zete usc oe }tegxactcghne mc heoit xcexnkgnanhe}nqe/ oe Chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~/ uscme hiì xnksc2

Ankste ='6' Cxuscè mc sge ]idcte

Cg}ighcx oe chsehnøg mc oe ztn`cte oc~ zete sg }idcte uscme cvztcxeme cg oe xnksncg}c aitè

fc , Qc4)4 0 fx , Qx

4)4

Oàusnmi

Qezitt

]IDCTE

Higxnmctehnigcx eo ezonhet oe ztn`cteoc~ cg sge }idcte2 Gi fe~ ehs`soehnøg CQH 0 : Xc mcxztchne co he`dni mc cgctkàe

zi}cghneo Q 7 :/ zit oi }eg}i qcoihnmem mc xeonme è~it e

qcoihnmem mc cg}teme



Ankste ='>' Cxuscè mc sg Mnasxit

Cg}ighcx oe chsehnøg mc oe ztn`cte oc~ zete sg }idcte uscme cvztcxeme cg oexnksncg}c aitè

fc , Qc4)4 0 fx , Qx

4)4

Sge Qåoqsoe mc Cx}tegksoe`ncg}i/ xn`zoc`cg}c cx sge tcx}tnhhnøg edtsz}e eo zeximco aosnmi/ oi hseo }tec higxnki sge mnx`ngshnøg mc ztcxnøg/ eo nkseo usc co hexi mc oex}idctex ~ mnasxitcx oe }tegxactcghne mc heoit cx mcxztchnedoc< xng c`detki xn xc conkcsg qios`cg mc hig}tio oi xsanhncg}c eocbemi mc mnhfe tcx}tnhhnøg/ co he`dni mc cgctkàehngî}nhe tcxso}e zcuscõi ~ oe Chsehnøg mc oe Ztn`cte Oc~/ xc tcmshc e2

fc 0 fx

Ankste ='5:' Qåoqsoe mc Hig}tio

EXÀ/ USC SG ZTIHCXI MC CX]TEGKSOE@NCG]I XC HIGXNMCTEKCGCTEO@CG]C HI@I NXICG]ÅOZNHI'

Angeo`cg}c/ sge xn`zoc ]sdctàe/ }e`dnîg higx}n}s~c sg xnx}cè cg cx}emi cx}edoc'Xn oe }sdctàe cx qct}nheo/ oix he`dnix mc cgctkàe zi}cghneo cg}tc oe cg}teme ~ oe xeonme

xscocg xct n`zit}eg}cx' Oi xnkgnanhe}nqi usc zscmcg xct oix }ît`ngix/ mc cgctkàehngî}nhe ~ mc }tegxactcghne mc heoit/ qe e mczcgmct mc heme ztidocè cg zet}nhsoet/ exàusc debi cx}ex higxnmctehnigcx zimcìx cxhtndnt sge chsehnøg kcgcteo mc Ztn`cteOc~ zete co hexi mc oe }sdctàe/ hiì xnksc2

U , `&fc , Qc4)4 , Rc"k - fx - Qx

4)4 - Rx"k. 0 :

Higxnmctehnigcx eo ezonhet oe ztn`cteoc~ cg sge }idcte2 Gi fe~ ehs`soehnøg CQH 0 : Xc mcxztchne co he`dni mc cgctkàe

zi}cghneo Q ? :/ zit oi }eg}i qcoihnmem mc xeonme cgit e

oe qcoihnmem mc cg}teme

MNASXIT



Ztihcxix migmc fe~ }tedebi

]stdngex/ oix hi`ztcxitcx/ oex di`dex ~ oix qcg}noemitcx xig ezete}ix itmngetnix/ cgcx}emi cx}edoc/ usc ztcxcg}eg ng}ctehhnigcx mc }tedebi hig oix eotcmcmitcx' Cx}e cx oechsehnøg dåxnhe mc Ztn`cte Oc~ zete cx}ix hexix2

U , `&fc , Qc4)4 , Rc"k - fx - Qx

4)4 - Rx"k. - [ 0 :

Sge ]stdnge/ cx sg hi`zigcg}c ztimsh}it mc zi}cghne &i }tedebi zit sgnmem mc}nc`zi./ usc tceonre }tedebi `cmneg}c oe ti}ehnøg mc sg cbc' Co aosnmi e ztcxnøg cocqemexc cvzegmc fex}e sge ztcxnøg ngactnit/ tceonregmi }tedebi hig}te oex exzex mc oe}stdnge' Hig atchscghne/ zcti gi xnc`ztc/ oix he`dnix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneoxig zcuscõix' Oe }tegxactcghne mc heoit e oix eotcmcmitcx }e`dnîg cx kcgcteo`cg}czcuscõe/ cg hi`zetehnøg hig co }tedebi ztimshnmi'

Ankste ='55' Tcztcxcg}ehnøg mc sge }stdnge mc Qezit

Cg}ighcx oe chsehnøg mc ztn`cte oc~ xc cvztcxe cg oe xnksncg}c aitè

.& xc ff`[

Oix Hi`ztcxitcx/ tcusnctcg sge cg}tcke mc }tedebi zete ztimshnt sge ztcxnøg mcxeonme eo}e/ e zet}nt mc sge debe ztcxnøg mc cg}teme< kcgcteo`cg}c c`zoceg sg aosnmi mc}tedebi kexcixi'

Ankste ='54' Tcztcxcg}ehnøg mc sg Hi`ztcxit

[

Qezit e Ztcxnøg eo}e

Qezit i `crhoe e

Ztcxnøg debe

[

Qezit i kex e

ztcxnøg debe

Qezit i kex e

ztcxnøg eo}e

Higxnmctehnigcx eo ezonhet oe ztn`cte

oc~ cg sge ]stdnge2 Gi fe~ ehs`soehnøg CQH 0 : Xc mcxztchne co he`dni mc cgctkàe

zi}cghneo ~ co he`dni mc cgctkàehngc}nhe CH 0CZ :

@c0 @x U 0 : & xc Exs`c emnedå}nhe.

Co }tedebi &[. tcxso}emi mcoezonhet oe ztn`cte oc~ cg sge}stdnge cx zixn}nqi &,./ cx mchntcx ztimshnmi zit co cusnzi

Higxnmctehnigcx eo ezonhet oe ztn`cteoc~ cg sg Hi`ztcxit2 Gi fe~ ehs`soehnøg CQH 0 : Xc mcxztchne co he`dni mc cgctkàe

zi}cghneo ~ co he`dni mc cgctkàehngc}nhe CH 0CZ :

@c0 @x U 0 : & xc Exs`c emnedå}nhi.



Cg}ighcx oe chsehnøg mc ztn`cte oc~ xc cvztcxe cg oe xnksncg}c aitè

.& xc ff`[

Zit i}te zet}c/ Oix Qcg}noemitcx xc sxeg zete ìqct sg aosnmi kexcixi eqcoihnmemcx eo}ex/ `åx usc zete ztimshnt ktegmcx he`dnix mc oe ztcxnøg ~kcgcteo`cg}c/ oe heg}nmem mc heoit cx mcxztchnedoc'

Ankste ='58' Tcztcxcg}ehnøg mc sg Qcg}noemit

Oex Di`dex }e`dnîg tcusnctcg usc xc oc xs`ngnx}tc }tedebi ~ xc oc exihnekcgcteo`cg}c hig co ègcbi mc oàusnmix ' Cg cx}ix }tcx ezete}ix oex zîtmnmex mc heoitxig kcgcteo`cg}c zcuscõex'

Ankste ='5=' Tcztcxcg}ehnøg mc sge Di`de

='='4'4 Xnx}cè Hcttemi &@exe mc Hig}tio.'

44554444 Cz Chs` Cz Chs`[ U

Hiì 54 ``

545454 Cz Cz Ch Chss`[ U

Zete xnx}cèx cx}ehnigetnix2 45 R R 2 45 QQ

54 ss`[ U

Onu' Ztcxnøg

Onu' Ztcxnøg eo}e[

Aosnmi e

debe

qcoihnmemAosnmi e

eo}eqcoihnmem

Co }tedebi &[. tcxso}emi mco ezonhet oeztn`cte oc~ cg sge }stdnge cxzixn}nqi &-./ cx mchnt cx higxs`nmizit co cusnzi



='='4'4 Ztihcxi mc Aosbi ~ Cx}emi Gi Cx}edoc &Hexi Sgnait`c.'

Oex ztizncmemcx ng}cgxnqex ~ cv}cgxnqex mcg}ti mco qios`cg mc hig}tio xn he`dneg hig co}nc`zi zit oi usc oe mcgxnmem cx gi higx}eg}c ~ }e`zihi co qios`cg'

Oe heg}nmem mc cgctkàe usc cg}te e sg qios`cg mc hig}tio/ gi gchcxetne`cg}c mcdc xctnkseo e oe cgctkàe usc xeoc cg sg ztihcxi mc aosbi ngcx}edoc/ cx}i mcdnmi e oe ehs`soehnøgmcg}ti mco qios`cg mc hig}tio'

Oex ztizncmemcx mc cg}teme ~ xeonmex zscmcg xct mnactcg}cx cg mnx}ng}ex edct}stex mccg}teme ~ xeonme'

OC^ MC HIGXCTQEHNØG MC OE @EXE

Oe heg}nmem ~ oex ztizncmemcx mc oe èxe mcg}ti mco qios`cg mc hig}tio he`dne hig co}nc`zi ~ mczcgmc mc oe heg}nmem mc èxe usc cg}te ~ xeoc mco qios`cg mc hig}tio msteg}c coztihcxi'

`qh`` xc

qh```` xc .& 54

m}

qh`m `` xc

='='='8 Xnx}cè Ednct}i' Ztihcxi mc Aosbi ~ Cx}emi Gi Cx}edoc &Hexi Sgnait`c.&`qhig}tio : / Cqhig}tio: .

Oex ztizncmemcx ng}cgxnqex ~ cv}cgxnqex mcg}ti mco qios`cg mc hig}tio xn he`dneg hig

co }nc`zi zit oi usc oe mcgxnmem gi cx higx}eg}c eo nkseo usc co qios`cg'

Oe heg}nmem mc cgctkàe usc cg}te eo qios`cg mc hig}tio/ gi gchcxetne`cg}c mcdc xct

nkseo e oe heg}nmem mc cgctkàe usc xeoc'

Oex ztizncmemcx mc cg}temex ~ xeonmex zscmcg xct mnactcg}cx cg mnx}ng}ex edct}stex mccg}teme ~ xeonme'

k R Q s`k R Q s`Qxk R fxx`[ UQc Rkfcc`

5

4

45

55Y 4

4

44444

4 4

4

Zete sg ztihcxi mc hetke `x0iZete sg ztihcxi mc mcxhetke `c0i

]e`dnîg ooeèmi Ztihcxi mc Cx}emi Sgnait`c ~ Aosbi Sgnait`c ' Cx}c }nzi mc ztihcxicx}å exihnemi e xn}sehnigcx cg migmc xc cx}å oocgegmi i qehnegmi eokòg mnxzixn}nqi/ ezete}i



i tchnzncg}c/ zsmncgmi cvnx}nt i gi cvnx}nt }tedebi Sxseo`cg}c cg cx}ix }nzix mc ztihcxix oixhe`dnix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo xig mcxztchnedocx/ uscmegmi sge chsehnøg dåxnhemc Ztn`cte Oc~ hiì xnksc2

Ankste ='53' Ztihcxix mc Hetke ~ Mcxhetke

U , ` cg} fcg} - ` xeo fxeo 0` angeo sAngeo - ` ngn sngn , [Tcxsèìx xcksnme`cg}c hseo cx oe cvztcxnøg }àznhe mc Oe Ztn`cte Oc~ mc ehsctmi e hememnxzixn}nqi

]EDOE TCXS@CG MC CHSEHNØG MC 5CTE OC^ XCKÒG OIX MNXZIXN]NQIX

Cusnzi Higxnmctehnigcx Cvztcxnøg ]àznhe

Ng}cthe`dnemit~

Higmcgxemit

e.]iègmi sg qios`cgmc hig}tio usc nghos~e

sge xioe hittncg}c ~hig2 Chng 0:/Czi}0:/ Cqh0:/`qh0:'

d. ]iègmi sgqios`cg mc hig}tio uscnghos~e oex 4 hittncg}cx~ hig2 U0:/ Chng 0:/Czi}0:/ Cqh0:/`qh0:'

&Cx}emi Cx}edoc.

e. U 0 `&fxeo5 ‘ fcg}5.

d. `5"fcg}5 , `4"fcg}4 0 `5"fxeo5 , `4"fxeo4

Heomcte`qh0:/ Cqh0:/[0:/Chng 0:/ Czi}0:

&Cx}emi Cx}edoc.

U 0 `&fxeo ‘ fcg}.

Mnasxit~

]idcte

`qh0:/ Cqh0:/[0:/U0:/ Chng :/Czi}0:

&Cx}emi Cx}edoc.

fcg} , Qcg}4)4kh 0 fxeo , Qxeo

4)4kh



Qåoqsoe

mcCx}tegksoe`ncg

}i

`qh0:/Cqh0:/[0:/U0:/ Chng 0:/Czi}0:

&Cx}emi Cx}edoc.

fcg} 0fxeo

]stdnge`qh0:/ Cqh0:/[:/U0:/ Chng 0:/

Czi}0:'&Cx}emi Cx}edoc.

[ 0 `&fcg} ‘ fxeo.

Qcg}noemit`qh0:/ Cqh0:/[:/U0:/ Chng :/Czi}0:'

&Cx}emi Cx}edoc.

[0 ` &fcg} , Qcg}4)4kh ‘ fxeo ‘Qxeo

4)4kh.

Di`de~

Hi`ztcxit

Cqh0:/ [:/ U0:/Chng 0:/ Czi}0:

&Cx}emi Cx}edoc. [ 0 `&fcg} ‘ fxeo.

Tchnzncg}c&Oocgågmixc.

`qh:/ Cqh:/ U:/

Chng 0:/ Czi}0:/ `xeo 0:/ `cg}:/ [0: &sgexioe cg}teme.

&Cx}emi Ngcx}edoc.

U 0 ` angeo sAngeo - ` ngn sngn - ` cg} fcg}

Tchnzncg}c&Qehnågmixc.

`qh:/ Cqh:/[0:/U:/ Chng 0:/Czi}0:'`cg} 0:/ `xeo: &sgexioe xeonme.

&Cx}emi Ngcx}edoc.

U 0 ` angeosAngeo - ` ngn sngn, ` xeo fxeo

CBCTHNHNIX TCXSCO]IX

CBC@ZOIX MC ZTIHCXIX MC AOSBI CX]EDOC2

5.' Tchncg}c`cg}c xc ztizsxi oe higx}tshhnøg mc sg texhehncoix mc sge `nooe mc eo}i &51:>`c}tix.' Xszigkeìx usc cg }eo texhehncoix xc ztizithnige co qezit mc heocaehhnøg fex}e coznxi `åx eo}i zit sg }sdi qct}nheo' Co qezit cg}te e gnqco mco xscoi hiì qezit xe}stemi ~xchi e sge ztcxnøg mc 4:: lZe' ~ cg oi eo}i oe ztcxnøg cx mc 3: lZe' Oe }tegx`nxnøg mc heoit

e oi oetki mco }sdi cx mc 3'46 lB)Lk' ¹Hsåo cx oe heonmem/ xn cx xe}stemi/ i oe }c`zcte}ste xncx xidtcheocg}emi/ e oe xeonme mco }sdi9



Qios`cg mc hig}tio

Rc 0 : `}

Rx 051:> `}

u0 -3'46 lBiso)Lk`

XIOSHNØG

]nzi mc Ztihcxi2 Cx}emi Cx}edoc

Me}ix2Cmi' Cg}teme Cmi' Xeonme

Zcg}04:: lZe Zxeo03: lZeRcg}0: ` Rxeo051:> `Qezit Xe}stemi

u 0 -3'46 lB)lk`

Zete tcxzigmct oe ztcksg}e usc gix fehcg/ fe~ usc ztchnxet co cx}emi mc xeonme/ mco hseoxioi higihcìx sge ztizncmem ng}cgxnqe/ oe ztcxnøg Zxeo03: lZe 'Ezonuscìx oe chsehnøg mc ztn`cte oc~ &i`n}ncgmi oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe./ zete qctusc ngaitèhnøg emnhnigeo id}cgcìx2

U , `c &fc,Rc"k. ‘ [ ‘ &`x"fx , Rx"k. 0 &`4"s4 ‘`5"s5.Cgct qio'Hig}

&Gi}c/ usc cg cx}e chsehnøg gi ezetchc co }ît`ngi ‟ kh‐ / ~e usc cg co xnx}cè ng}ctgehnigeo co `nxì gi cx n`ztcxhngmndoc .

Higxnmctehnigcx2-'Gi fe~ gngkòg ìqn`ncg}i zit oi usc2 [0:'-'Zit xct sg ztihcxi cg cx}emi cx}edoc &`4"s4 ‘`5"s5.0: ~ zit xszscx}i oe`c 0 `x'-']iègmi hiì tcactcghne zete oe eo}ste oe cg}teme2 Rc0:'

Hig }imex cx}ex ztc`nxex oe Chsehnøg }iè oe xnksncg}c aitè2U , `c"fc 0 `x&fx , Rx"k.

Tchitmegmi usc2U 0 `"u/ cg}ighcx2

`"u , `c"fc 0 `x&fx , Rx"k.



Xn mcxzcbeìx ‟fx‐2

fx 0 u , fc - Rx"k

Xsx}n}s~cgmi qeoitcx2

fx 0 \-3'46 lB)Lk` , 4;:1'; lB)lk` - &51:> ` " >'6 `)xck4."&5 lBiso)5::: Biso.P

0 4163'13 lB)Lk`

Hig Zxeo03: lZe ~ fx04163'13 lB)Lk`/ xc mc}ct`nge usc co cx}emi cx qezit xidtcheocg}emi'Cg oe ]edoe mc qezit Xidtcheocg}emi/ ng}ctzioegmi/ xc id}ncgc2

]xeonme 0 5:4'18 ºH &Tcxz'.

4.'Cg sg ztihcxi mc cx}emi cx}edoc ~ aosbi cx}edoc/ xc `crhoe eìgàehi oàusnmi e 1: A ~ 4::Zxne/ hig qezit mc eìgàehi xe}stemi e sge ztcxnøg mc 4:: Zxne' Co aosbi mc èxe mc oàusnmi~ qezit xig nkseocx/ ~ oe èxe mc xeone cx 5 Od`)ft' Mcxzsîx mc oe `crhoe mc oe ztcxnøg cx

mc 56: Zxne ~ oe heonmem mc 63#' Mc}ct`nget oe }tegx`nxnøg mc heoit msteg}c co ztihcxi mc`crhoe

Xioshnøg2

]nzi mc Ztihcxi2 Cx}emi Cx}edoc

Higmnhnigcx2

Zsg}i 5 Zsg}i 4 Zsg}i mc xeonme

] c5 01: A Z c4 04:: Zxne Z x 0 56: Zxne

Zc50 4:: Zxne Qezit xe}stemi V0:'63

]i`cìx sg qios`cg mc hig}tio usc nghos~e eo `crhoemit ~ ezonuscìx oe chsehnøg mcZtn`cte Oc~ &i`n}ncgmi oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo/ ~e usc cg co cgsghnemigi xc higxnmcteg.' Zit i}te zet}c/ co fchfi mc usc cvnx}e `åx mc sg aosbi cg}tegmi eoqios`cg mc hig}tio/ fehc zct}ngcg}c cxhtndnt oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ hig sg xnkgi mcxsè}itne2

U , `c"fc ‘ [ ‘ `x"fx 0 &`4"s4 ‘`5"s5.Cgct qio'Hig}

Aeh}itcx mc

higqctxnøg2

5 lBiso 05::: Biso

5 `4 )xck

40 5

Biso)Lk

Oàusnmi &`c5.

Qezit &`c4.

@crhoe &`x.

@crhoemit



Higxnmctehnigcx2-'Gi fe~ gngkòg ìqn`ncg}i zit oi usc2 [0:'-'Zit xct sg ztihcxi cg cx}emi cx}edoc &`4"s4 ‘`5"s5.0:'-'Co }ît`ngi mc xsè}itne mcxettiooemi cx2

`c"fc0 `c5"fc5, `c4"fc4

Hig cx}ex higxnmctehnigcx/ oe chsehnøg }iè oe xnksncg}c aitè2

U , `c5"fc5 , `c4"fc4 ‘ `x"fx 0 :

Mcxzcbegmi co heoit2U 0 `x"fx ‘ &`c5"fc5 , `c4"fc4.

Efite ezonuscìx co Ztnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg mc oe èxe2`c ‘ `x 0 `qhig}tio

zit xct sg Ztihcxi cg Cx}emi Cx}edoc2 `qhig}tio0:/ cg}ighcx2

`c ‘ `x 0 :/ usc cusnqeoc e2

`c5 , `c4 0 `x

co cgsghnemi mco ztidocè cx}edochc usc ‟`x 0 5 Od`)ft‟ ~ usc ‟`c5 0 `c4‟/ exà usc2

`c5 , `c5 0 5 Od`)ft/ mcxzcbegmi2

`c5 0 `c4 0 :'3 Od`)ft

Higihnmex ~e oex èxex/ xioi aeo}etàe id}cgct oex cg}eozàex2

Zsg}i52 Cx}c cx}emi cx oàusnmi hi`ztn`nmi/ zcti co qeoit mc xs cg}eozàe xc zscmc eztivnèt

hig dex}eg}c ehcz}ehnøg eo mco oàusnmi xe}stemi e oe `nxè }c`zcte}ste &fehncgmi hexii`nxi e oe ztcxnøg./ exà2

f4:: Zxne/ 1: A fa 1: A 0 5:>'4 D}s)Od`

Zsg}i 42 Co qeoit mc oe cg}eozàe xc occtå e 4:: Zxne hiì qezit xe}stemi2

0fk4:: Zxne 0 184'; D}s)Od`

Zsg}i mc xeonme2 Zete co zsg}i mc xeonme &56: Zxne./ zit xct sg cx}emi mc `crhoe oe cg}eozàe xc

heohsoetå cg asghnøg mc oe heonmem mc xeonme &Vx.2fx 0 fax ,Vx"fakx



fx 0\5=8'8 , :'63"&184';-5=8'8.P0336'; D}s)Od`

Xsx}n}s~cgmi qeoitcx cg oe Chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~2U0\|5Od`)ft"336';D}s)Od ‘&:'3 Od`"5:>'4D}s)Od`,:'3 Od`"184'; D}s)Od`.P 07

U 0 56;';3 D}s)ft &Tcxz'.

8.' Sg Zoeg}e mc Zi}cghne cx sg higbsg}i mc cusnzix usc izcteg cg sg hnhoi}ctìmngå`nhi/ hs~i idbc}nqi cx ztimshnt }tedebi hig tcxzch}i eo }nc`zi i xce Zi}cghne/ mceooà xs gi`dtc' Fe~ usc }cgct `s~ ztcxcg}c usc heme sgi mc oix cusnzix izcteg cg Cx}emiCx}edoc' Oe ankste usc xnksc scx}te sg hnhoi mc zi}cghne xcghnooi2

Oex higmnhnigcx cg heme zsg}i xig oe usc xc ngmnheg2

Zsg}i Sdnhehnøg Ztcxnøg ]c`zcte}ste i

Heonmem

5 Xeonme mc oe heomcte 4': @Ze 8:: ²H

4 Cg}teme mc oe }stdnge 5' > @Ze 4>: ²H

8 Xeonme mc oe }stdnge ~ cg}teme mco

higmcgxemit

53 lZe >:#

= Xeonme mco higmcgxemit ~ cg}teme mc oe

di`de

5= lZe =3 ²H

3 Xeonme mc oe di`de ~ cg}teme e oe

heomcte

- -

]tedebi mc cg}teme e oe Di`de zit sgnmem mc èxe0 = Lb)lk

Qezit Xid'

Heomcte

Higmcgxemit

Di`de

higm

heo

8 =

5

3

5U4 Oàu' Hi`z'

[D

]stdnge [

4

`crho

Onu'

Hi`z'



Mc}ct`ngc oex xnksncg}cx heg}nmemcx zit lnoikteì usc aos~c e }teqîx mco cusnzi2

E. ]tegxactcghne mc heoit cg oe }sdctàe cg}tc oe heomcte ~ oe }stdnge &u}sdc.'D. ]tedebi mc oe }stdnge &{}std.H. ]tegxactcghne mc heoit cg co higmcgxemit &uhigm.M. ]tegxactcghne mc heoit cg oe heomcte &uheom.'

Zet}c E

]i`cìx hiì qios`cg mc hig}tio/ sgi usc nghos~e xioe`cg}c oe }sdctàe usc qe mc oeheomcte e oe }stdnge2

Ezonuscìx oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ zete sg ztihcxi cg Cx}emi Cx}edoc2

U , `&fcg} , Qcg}4 )4kh , Rcg}"k)kh. - `&fxeo , Qxeo

4 )4kh , Rxeo"k)kh . ‘ [ 0 :

Higxnmctehnigcx 2

Mcxztchnetcìx oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo' 4. Cg sge }sdctàe gi fe~}tedebi mnx}ng}i eo }tedebi mc aosbi/ exà usc2

U}sdc 0 `&fxeo -fcg}.

Hiì oe èxe usc hnthsoe zit oe `åusnge cx mcxhigihnme/ zimcìx heohsoet co heoit zitsgnmem mc èxe/ zexegmi e mnqnmnt oe èxe eo `nc`dti nrusnctmi2

U}sdc )` 0 fcg} - fxeo 0000u}sdc 0 f4-f5

Zit oex }edoex mc qezit2

f5 08:48'3 lB)lk ~ f4 08::4'3 lB)lkXsx}n}s~cgmi2

u}sdc 0 &8::4'3-8:48'3. lB)lk 00-45': lB)lk &Tcxz'.

Zet}c D Co }tedebi mc oe }stdnge xc id}cgmtå }iègmi sg qios`cg mc hig}tio usc xioi ngqioshtc

oe }stdnge &xc`cbeg}c eo hexi eg}ctnit. ~ ezonhegmi oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~/ cg cx}emicx}edoc2


4 )4kh , Rxeo"k)kh . ‘ [ 0 :

4

5

Qios`cg mc hig}tio



Higxnmctehnigcx 2Mcxztchnetcìx oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo' 4. Co heoit cg sge }stdnge/kcgcteo`cg}c/ cx mcxztchnedoc' Exà usc2

[}std 0 `&fcg} -fxeo.

Hiì oe èxe usc hnthsoe zit oe `åusnge cx mcxhigihnme/ zimcìx heohsoet co }tedebi

zit sgnmem mc èxe/ zexegmi e mnqnmnt oe èxe eo `nc`dti nrusnctmi2[}std ) ` 0 fcg} -fxeo 0 {}std 0 f4 ‘ f8

Oex cg}eozàe xc id}ncgcg mc oe xnksncg}c ègcte2Zete co cx}emi 8/ zit xct `crhoe2

f80&441':, :'>"48;8'5. lB)Lk 04815'6 Lb)lk

{}std 0 f4 ‘ f80 &8::4'3-4815'6. lB)Lk 0 1=:'; lB)Lk &Tcxz'.

Zet}c H]i`cìx hiì qios`cg mc hig}tio/ sgi usc nghos~e xioe`cg}c eo higmcgxemit ~

ezonuscìx oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ zete sg ztihcxi cg Cx}emi Cx}edoc2


4 )4kh , Rxeo"k)kh . ‘ [0:

Higxnmctehnigcx 2

Mcxztchnetcìx oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo' 4. Cg sg higmcgxemit gi fe~}tedebi mnx}ng}i eo }tedebi mc aosbi/ exà usc2

Uhigm

0 `&fxeo

-fcg}

.

Hiì oe èxe usc hnthsoe zit oe `åusnge cx mcxhigihnme/ zimcìx heohsoet co heoitzit sgnmem mc èxe/ zexegmi e mnqnmnt oe èxe eo `nc`dti nrusnctmi2

Uhigm )` 0 fcg} - fxeo 0000 uhigm 0 f=-f8

Zete co cx}emi =/ zit xct oàusnmi hi`ztn`nmi/ xc zscmc eztivnèt e sg oàusnmi xe}stemi e oe`nxè }c`zcte}ste &=3 ²H.2

f= 0 fa J=3 ²H0566'3 lB)Lk

Xsx}n}s~cgmi2uhigm 0 &566'3-4815'6. lB)lk 00-4815'6 lB)lk &Tcxz'.

Zet}c M Zete heohsoet co heoit cg oe heomcte/ higxnmctcìx sg qios`cg mc hig}tio usc nghos~exioe`cg}c e cx}c cusnzi ~ ezonuscìx oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ cg Cx}emi Cx}edoc2



U , `&fcg} , Qcg}

4 )4kh , Rcg}"k)kh. - `&fxeo , Qxeo4 )4kh , Rxeo"k)kh . -[ 0 :

Higxnmctehnigcx 2Mcxztchnetcìx oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo' 4. Co }tedebi cg cx}c cusnzi cx

gsoi'Exà usc2

Uheom 0 ` &fxeo - fcg}.Eo nkseo usc cg co hexi eg}ctnit2

Uheom ) ` 0 fxeo ‘ fcg} 0000 uheom 0 f5 ‘ f3

Cg cx}e òo}nè chsehnøg ‟f3‐ cx mcxhigihnme/ zit oi usc oe `nxè xc id}cgmtå }iègmihiì qios`cg mc hig}tio sgi usc ngqioshtc xioe`cg}c e oe di`de ~ ezonhegmi oe chsehnøg mcZtn`cte Oc~ cg cx}emi cx}edoc' Hig oex `nxèx higxnmctehnigcx usc zete co hexi mc oe}stdnge2

[di`de 0 fcg} -fxeo 0 {di`de 0 f= ‘ f3

Mcxzcbegmi ‟f3‐2 f30 f= ‘ {di`de

Xsx}n}s~cgmi2f30 566'3 ‘ &-=. lB)lk 0 5>4'3 lB)lk

Cg}ighcx2uheom 0&8:48'3-5>4'3. lB)lk 04685 lB)Lk &Tcxz'.

CBC@ZIX MC XNX]C@E MC HETKE ^ MCXHETKE2

5-' Cg co mndsbi usc xc `scx}te co hnongmti mc sg cocqemit asghnige hig qezit' Oe èxe mcoznx}øg ~ xs hetke cbcthcg sge ztcxnøg higx}eg}c mc =: zxne' Ngnhneo`cg}c co hnongmti cx}åqehài ~ co znx}øg mcxhegxe cg oix }izcx hiì xc qc cg oe ankste' Eo hnongmti/ usc cx}å dncgenxoemi }ît`nhe`cg}c/ xc oc ng}timshc qezit mc sge heomcte e 5:: zxne ~ =:: ºA' ¹Hsåg}exondtex mc qezit xc mcdcg eon`cg}et zete ngnhnet co exhcgxi9

5 Znc Hòdnhi

Qezit mc cg}teme

Qios`cg mc

hig}tio

HETKE



XIOSHNØG2]nzi mc Ztihcxi2 Cx}emi Ngcx}edoc

Cmi' Cg}teme Cmi' Xeonme Cmi'Ngnhneo Cmi' Angeo

Z cg} 05:: Zxne Gi Cvnx}c Gi cvnx}c Z 4 0=: Zxne ]cg}0 =:: ºA &Qehài. Q4 05 znc8 `c 09

Ezonhegmi oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ &mcxztchnegmi oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~zi}cghneo./ zete co qios`cg mc hig}tio ngmnhemi2

U , `c"fc ‘ `x"fx ‘ [ 0 &`4"s4 ‘`5"s5. Cgct qio' Hig}tio

Higxnmctehnigcx2-' Oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo xc mcxztchneg/ ~e usc gi fe~

ngaitèhnøg eo tcxzch}i'-' Zit cx}et enxoemi }ît`nhe`cg}c2 U0:-' Cg co ì`cg}i usc hi`ncgre e ocqeg}etxc gi xc fe ztimshnmi gngkòg he`dni mc

qios`cg zit oi usc2 [0:-' Zit gi fedct gngksge xeonme mc èxe2 `x 0:

`c"fc0 `4"s4

Ezonhegmi co Ztnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg mc oe èxe2`c ‘ `x 0&`4 ‘ `5. èxe cg qio' Hig}tio

Higxnmctehnigcx2-' Zit cx}et ngnhneo`cg}c qehài2 `50:-' Zit gi }cgct gngksge xeonme mc èxe2 `x0:

Exà usc2 `c 0 `4/ cg}ighcx2

fc 0 s4

Cx}c egåonxnx/ oocqe e highosnt/ usc oi usc gix znmcg cx oe èxe usc cg}te eo hnongmti hsegmi oeztcxnøg cx =: zxne< zcti }imeqàe zete cxc ì`cg}i co qios`cg ihszemi zit co qezit cx 5 znchòdnhi' Exà usc oi ògnhi usc fehc aeo}e cx id}cgct co qios`cg cxzchàanhi angeo/ zete ezonhet oeaøt`soe2 `4 0 Q4 ) 4< zete oi hseo }cgcìx usc mcangnt ztcqne`cg}c co cx}emi angeo cg cohnongmti'

Dsxhegmi oe ‟fc‐ e 5:: zxne ~ =:: ºA&qezit xidtcheocg}emi. xc id}ncgc 544;'3 D}s)Od`'

Mcg}ti mco qios`cg mc hig}tio



Efite xc higihcg mix ztizncmemcx mco cx}emi angeo cg co hnongmti Z 40=: zxne ~ s40 544;'3D}s)Od`' Xn oe }edoe usc sx}cm zixcc ezetchc }edsoeme oe ‟s‐ xioi }ncgc usc id}cgct cg cxe}edoe co qios`cg cxzchàanhi/ zixndoc`cg}c zit ng}ctzioehnøg'

Cg co hexi hig}tetni/ xn gi ezetchc }edsoeme oe ‟s‐/ xc zet}c mco fchfi usc oe f4 7 s4 &~e uscf 0 s , z"./ zit oi }eg}i xc zscmc dsxhet sge xioshnøg/ ‟hi`zoc}egmi‐ oe }edoe/ heohsoegmi

qeoitcx mc tcactcghne mc ‟s‐ zete sge ztcxnøg mc =: Zxne/ cg}eozàex è~itcx usc 544;'3D}s)Od` ~ e }c`zcte}ste xszctnitcx e =:: A/ ~e usc oe }c`zcte}ste mcg}ti mc sg tchnzncg}cenxoemi }ît`nhe`cg}c/ }ct`nge xncgmi è~it e oe mc oe cg}teme' Zix}ctnit`cg}c fedtå uscng}ctzioetxc cg}tc oex ‟s‐ heohsoemex zete id}cgct co qios`cg cxzchàanhi dsxhemi' Cg cx}chexi co qios`cg cxzchàanhi cx}å hi`ztcgmnmi cg}tc2 53'163 Znç)Od` &s0545;'8 D}s)Od`. ~5;'5>1 Znç )Od` &s05433'5 D}s)Od`.' Cach}segmi oe ng}ctzioehnøg &qct egcvi. zete co qeoitmc cgctkàe ng}ctge angeo mco xnx}cè &544;'3 D}s)Od`. xc id}ncgc2

xnx 0 51' :> znç )Od`/ ~ oe exe zcmnme xctå2`c0`4 0 5 znç)51':> znç)Od` 0:':14 Od` &Tcxz'.

NG]CTZIOEHNIG MCO QIOS@CG CXZCHNANHI ANGEO

Cg co hexi cg usc cg oe ]edoe gi ezetchc }edsoeme oe ‟s‐/ xc zet}c mco fchfi usc oe f4 7 s4 &~e usc f 0 s , z"./ zit oi }eg}i xc zscmc dsxhet sge xioshnøg/ ‟hi`zoc}egmi‐ oe }edoe/heohsoegmi qeoitcx mc tcactcghne mc ‟s‐ zete oe ztcxnøg mc =: Zxne/ cg}eozàex è~itcx usc

544;'3 D}s)Od` ~ e }c`zcte}ste xszctnitcx e =:: A/ ~e usc co hig}cgnmi mc sg tchnzncg}cenxoemi }ît`nhe`cg}c/ }ct`nge }cgncgmi sge }c`zcte}ste xszctnit e oe mc oe cg}teme'Zix}ctnit`cg}c fedtå usc ng}ctzioetxc cg}tc oex ‟s‐ heohsoemex zete id}cgct co qios`cgcxzchàanhi dsxhemi'Cg oe ]edoe mc qezit xidtcheocg}emi xc zscmc cv}tect oe ngaitèhnøg mc oex }tcx ztn`ctex

hios`gex2

E =: Zxne2

]c`zcte}ste&A.

f &D}s)od`. Q &znc8)Od`. S 0f-z" &D}s)od`.&heohsoeme zit Oe aøt`soe.

==: 5433'6 58'4=8 553;'63:: 546='> 5='51= 556:'51:: 5888'5 53'163 545;'8;:: 5864'= 5;'5>1 5433'5

Cg cx}e }edoe xc fehc cqnmcg}c usc co qios`cg cxzchàanhi mco xnx}cè cx}å hi`ztcgmnmicg}tc 53'163 Znc8 )Od` &545;'8 D}s)Od`. ~ 5;'5>1 Znc8 )Od` &5433'5 D}s)Od`.' Zit oi }eg}imcdcìx zoeg}cet oe xnksncg}c ng}ctzioehnøg2

s & D}s)Od`. &znc8)Od`.

545;'8 53'163544;'3 V

5433'5 5;'5>1



Tcxioqncgmi2

051':> znc8)Od`

4-' Sg tchnzncg}c e ztcxnøg mc 5: znc8 mc qios`cg hig}ncgc oàusnmi ~ qezit mc Atcøg-54 e 6:

ºA' Co tchnzncg}c hig}ncgc ngnhneo`cg}c 3:# mc qezit cg qios`cg' Oàusnmi xc cv}tec zit coaigmi mco }egusc ~ xc }tegx`n}c heoit eo }egusc/ eo ang mc èg}cgct oe }c`zcte}ste higx}eg}c'Mc}ct`nget oe }tegx`nxnøg mc heoit eo }egusc hsegmi oe `n}em mc oe èxe ngnhneo fe xnmicv}teàme mco tchnzncg}c'

XIOSHNØG2

]nzi mc Ztihcxi2 Cx}emi Ngcx}edoc Me}ix2

Cmi' Cg}teme Cmi' Xeonme Cmi'Ngnhneo Cmi' AngeoGi Cvnx}c Oàusnmi Xe}stemi Q505: znç Q405: znç

] xeo 06: ºA ] 506: ºA 4 0` 5)4 `c 0`5 )4 QO50:'3"Q503 znç ]40 6: ºA

Qq50:'3"Q503 znç

Ezonhegmi oe Chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ &mcxztchnegmi oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~

zi}cghneo./ zete co qios`cg mc hig}tio ngmnhemi2U , `c"fc ‘ [ - `x"fx 0 &`4"s4 ‘`5"s5. Cgct qio' Hig}tio

Higxnmctehnigcx2-' Zit gi fedct iqn`ncg}i eoksgi/ e cvhczhnøg eo mco aosnmi2 [0:-' Zit gi fedct gngksge cg}teme mc èxe2 `c 0:'

Oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ uscme hiì xnksc2U 0 &`4"s4 ‘ `5"s5. , `x"fx

Qezit

Oàusnmi

Qios`cg

mc

hig}tio

Oex ‟s‐ xc heohsoeg

exà2sa 0 fa ‘ Z"qa ":'563

sk 0 fk ‘ Z"qk":'563




Ezonhegmi co Ztnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg mc oe èxe2

`c ‘ `x 0 &`4 ‘ `5. èxe cg qio' Hig}tio

Higxnmctehnøg2-' Zit gi }cgct gngksge cg}teme mc èxe2 `c0:

Exà usc2 `x 0&`5 ‘ `4.

Co cmi' Ngnhneo cx mc `crhoe zit oi }eg}i xs cgctkàe ng}ctge xctå2

s5 0 sa5 , v5"sak5/ zcti oe heonmem xc id}ncgc hiì xnksc2

Ònu50 &3 znç.) &:':544;; znç)Od`.0 =:;'4; Od`'`qez50 &3 znç.) &:'=5583 znç )Od`. 0 54'51 Od``xnx50=5>'=8 Od`'

Tchitmcìx usc2

V5 0`q5 )`xnx5

V5 0 54'51 Od`)&=:;'4; , 54'51. Od` 0 :':8

s5 0 &41'5= , :':8"35'14.D}s)Od`0 4;'1> D}s)Od`

Zete co cmi angeo2`xnx40 =5>'=8 Od`)4 0 4:>';4 Od`

qxnx405: znç)4:>';4 Od` 0 :':=;16 znç )Od`

Hig cx}c qios`cg cxzchnanhi ~ oe }c`zcte}ste angeo mc 6: A xc mc}ct`nge usc co cx}emi cx‟`crhoe‐' Cg}ighcx2

V40&qxnx4-qa4.)qak40\&:':=>33-:':544;;.znç)Od`P):'8>>:;znç)Od`v4 0 :':>

s4 0 &41'5= , :':>"35'14.D}s)Od` 0 8:';> D}s)Od`

Oe cg}eozàe mc xeonme xc dsxhe 6: ºA/ hiì oàusnmi xe}stemi2fx 0 41'813 D}s)Od`

Xsx}n}s~cgmi angeo`cg}c2U0 \4:>';4"8:'>=-=5>'=8"4;'1>,4:>';4"41'813P D}s08;4'38 D}s &Tcxz'.

8. Zit sge }sdctàe aos~c qezit e :'6: @zexheo ~ 43: ²H' Mc sge oàgce/ co qezit zexe e sge}stdnge/ ~ co qezit eki}emi cg}te e sge håète mc 46'8 ` 8' Ngnhneo`cg}c oe håète cx}å qehàe~ oe }stdnge zscmc izctet fex}e usc oe ztcxnøg cg oe håète xce :'6: @zexheo' Cg cx}c



zsg}i/ oe }c`zcte}ste mco qezit cx 8:: ²H' Xszigke co ztihcxi hi`zoc}i emnedå}nhi'Mc}ct`ngc co }tedebi mcxettiooemi zit oe }stdnge'

XIOSHNØG2]nzi mc Ztihcxi2 Cx}emi Ngcx}edoc Me}ix2

Cmi' Cg}teme Cmi' Xeonme Cmi'Ngnhneo Cmi' AngeoZc 0:'6: @Ze Gi Cvnx}c Gi cvnx}c Z40:'6 @ze

]c 043: ²H &Qehài. Q 4 046'8 ` 8 ]408:: ²H

[ 09

Ezonhegmi oe Chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ zete sg ztihcxi cg Cx}emi Ngcx}edoc/ zete co qios`cg

mc hig}tio ngmnhemi2

U , `c &fc,Qc4 )4kh, Rc"k)kh. - `x &fx, Qx4,Rx"k)kh. - [0 &`4"s4 - `5"s5.

Higxnmctehnigcx2

-' Oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo xig mcxztchnedocx/ ~e usc gi fe~

ngaitèhnøg eo tcxzch}i'

-' Zit xct co ztihcxi emnedå}nhi2 U0:

-' Zit gi fedct gngksge xeonme mc èxe2 `x0:


Håète

Q046'8 `8

Qios`cg mcHig}tio

[ &}tedebi.



-' Zit cx}et qehài ngnhneo`cg}c2 `50:

]iègmi cg hscg}e cx}ex higxnmctehnigcx/ oe chsehnøg mc ztn`cte oc~ xc higqnct}c cg2

`c"fc ‘ [ 0 `4"s4

Zit oi }eg}i2 [ 0 `c"fc ‘ `4"s4

Ezonhegmi co Ztnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg mc oe èxe2

`c ‘`x 0 &`4 ‘`5.

Higxnmctehnigcx2

-' Zit cx}et ngnhneo`cg}c qehài2 `50:

-' Zit gi }cgct gngksge xeonme mc èxe2 `x0:

Exà usc2

`c0 `x0`

[0`&fc-fx.

Oe cg}eozàe mc cg}teme &fc. xc occ e :'6 @ze ~ 43: H &Qezit Xidtcheocg}emi.

fc0 4>3:': Lb)lk

Oe cgctkàe ng}ctge angeo xc occ e :'6 @ze ~ 8:: H &Qezit Xidtcheocg}emi.

s40 4;>;'4 Lb)lk

Oe èxe xc zscmc id}cgct e zet}nt mc oex higmnhnigcx angeocx mcg}ti mc oe håète2

`4 0Q4 ) 4 046'8 `8 ) :'84=5 `8 ) lk0 6;'84 Lk



Q 0 H}}c` 0 5 k

] 0 5 H

Xsx}n}s~cgmi qeoitcx2

[0 6;'84 Lk&4>3:': ‘4;>;'4.lB)Lk 0588=4'3 Lb

='3 HEOITCX CXZCHÀANHIX

='3'5 Heoit Cxzchàanhi e Qios`cg Higx}eg}c &Hq.

Cgctkàe tcusctnme zete es`cg}et oe }c`zcte}ste mc sge heg}nmem sgn}etne mc xsx}eghnecg sg ktemi hsegmi co qios`cg xc èg}ncgc higx}eg}c'

Oe cgctkàe ng}ctge zete sge xn`zoc hi`z' S 0 a &]/q.

Mctnqegmi2

mQ Q

sm] ]

sms

] Q

Oe qetnehnøg mc cgctkàe ng}ctge hig tcxzch}i e ] èg}cgncgmi co qios`cg higx}eg}c2

Hq 0Q ]

s

mQ Q

sm] Hqms

]

'

s/ ] ~ q xig ztizncmemcx }ctìmngå`nhex zit oi }eg}i co Hq }e`dnîg oi cx'

='3'4 Heoit Cxzchàanhi e Ztcxnøg Higx}eg}c &Hz.

Cgctkàe tcusctnme zete es`cg}et oe }c`zcte}ste mc sge èxe sgn}etne mc sge xsx}eghnecg sg ktemi hsegmi oe Ztcxnøg cx higx}eg}c

Ankste ='51' Xnx}cè e Ztcxnøg Higx}eg}c

Oe cg}eozàe xc cvztcxe è}c`å}nhe`cg}c cg asghnøg mc oe }c`zcte}ste ~ oe ztcxnøg' f 0a &]/Z.

Z0H @05 lk ]05 H



Mctnqegmi2

mZZ

fm]

]

fmf

] Z

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Chsehnigcx Hz ~ Hq cg asghnøg mc }c`zcte}ste zete mnactcg}cx kexcx'

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f 0 s , Zq 0 s , T]

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5. Higxnmctc sg xnx}cè hi`zscx}i zit co entc/ co hseo xc cghscg}te e}tezemi cg mnxzixn}nqihnongmti - znx}øg }eo hiì xc `scx}te cg oe ankste' Co znx}øg usc }ncgc sg zcxi mc 383: Oda ~sg åtce mc 5 znc4/ xc cghscg}te ngnhneo`cg}c xidtc oix }izcx ngactnitcx' Cg cx}c cx}emi co entc}ncgc sge }c`zcte}ste mc 5:: ºT' Xc xs`ngnx}te cg}ighcx heoit eo hnongmti fex}e usc co entceohegre sge }c`zcte}ste mc 84: ºT' Xn oe ztcxnøg e}ìxaîtnhe cx 5='; Zxne ~ co tchnzncg}chig}ncgc 5 Odìo mc entc/ exs`ncgmi hi`zit}e`ncg}i nmceo ~ heoit cxzchàanhi higx}eg}c/heohsoet2e. Tcztcxcg}c co ztihcxi cg sg mnekteè Z-Qd. Oe }c`zcte}ste hsegmi co znx}øg hi`ncgre e ocqeg}etxc'h. Oe }c`zcte}ste hsegmi co znx}øg }ihe co }izc xszctnit'm. Oe ztcxnøg angeo mco xnx}cè'c. ]tedebi cg D}s tceonremi zit co xnx}cè'a. Heoit }tegxactnmi msteg}c co ztihcxi'

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5[4 0 Z4"&Q8-Q4.0 44=::= Oda-znc 0 46;'>4 D}s'

Zet}c a2 Zete heohsoet co heoit fe~ usc ezonhet oe chsehnøg mc ztn`cte Oc~ zete sg xnx}cè

hcttemi/ usc cx hiì xnksc2

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U 0 g"Zcxi ìochsoet &sang-sngn. , [

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4.' Sge }stdnge mc qezit cx}å ehizoeme e sg hi`ztcxit mc gn}tøkcgi hiì xc ngmnhe cg oeankste' Oex higmnhnigcx mc cg}teme e oe }stdnge xig 1:: Zxne ~ ;:: ºA/ `ncg}tex usc e oexeonme xc }ncgc 8 zxne >3 # mc heonmem< cx}i zete sge èxe cg oe }stdnge mc 55:5'84 Od`)ft'Co gn}tøkcgi cg}te eo hi`ztcxit e 5='44 Zxne/ 3> ºA ~ xeoc mco cgatnemit e 5=44 zxne/ 5:: ºA'Co aosbi mc èxe mco hi`ztcxit cx 513'4 Od`)ft' Oe }stdnge cg}tcke 51 fz eo hi`ztcxit ~ cotcx}i e sg kcgctemit coîh}tnhi' Exs`ncgmi hi`zit}e`ncg}i mc kex nmceo zete co Gn}tøkcgi2e. Mc}ct`ngc oe zi}cghne mnxzigndoc mc oe }stdnge zete ìqct co kcgctemit'd. Mc}ct`ngc oe teznmcr mc oe }tegx`nxnøg mc heoit mco gn}tøkcgi `ncg}tex aos~c zit cohi`ztcxit ~ cgatnemit'



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]nzi mc Ztihcxi2 Cx}emi Cx}edoc &e`dix.

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Oe ‟fc‐ xc id}ncgc e 1:: Zxne ~ ;:: A &xidtcheocg}emi.2

fc 0 583:'1 D}s)Od`

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cg mcangn}nqe co ‟Ucgat‐2

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='1 CBCTHNHNIX ZTIZSCX]IX

5. Mc}ct`ngc oi xnksncg}c25'5. Oe cg}eozàe cxzchàanhe ~ oe cgctkàe ng}ctge cxzchàanhe mc oix xnksncg}cx xnx}cèx2e. Ekse/ 5='; Zxne/ V08:#/ d. Ekse/ >'4:4 @Ze/ V043#/ h. Eìgnehi/ ;: Zxne/ 5::²A'5'4. Heohsoc oe cgctkàe ng}ctge cxzchnanhe &s. sxegmi oe mcangnhnøg s0 f , Z"/ zete2 e.Ekse/ Qezit xe}stemi e 4:: ²A/ d. Atcøg-54/ V0>:#/ 6: ²A/ h. Ekse e :'4:: @Ze/V043#

4. ¹Usî }c`zcte}ste oc hittcxzigmc eo ekse hig sge ztcxnøg mc 6:: Zxne ~ cgctkàe ng}ctgemc 5444'5 D}s)Od`9

8. ¹Usî }c`zcte}ste oc hittcxzigmc eo eìgnehi hig sge ztcxnøg mc 5:: Zxne ~ sgecgctkàe ng}ctge 18>'85 D}s)Od`9

=. ¹Usî }c`zcte}ste oc hittcxzigmc e sg xnx}cè higaitèmi zit ekse hig sge cg}eozàe&f. mc 58:: D}s)Od` ~ sge ztcxnøg mc 8:: ²A9/ tcxscoqe2 e. Egeoà}nhe`cg}c sxegmi oex‟]edoex mc Qezit‐/ d. Ktåanhe`cg}c sxegmi co Mnekteè mc @ioonct'

3. Mc}ct`ngc oe ztcxnøg usc oc hittcxzigmc eo Atcøg-54 hig sge }c`zcte}ste 6: ²A ~cg}eozàe mc 61'85 D}s)Od`' Tcxscoqe2 e. Egeoà}nhe`cg}c sxegmi oex ‟]edoex mc Qezit‐/ d.Ktåanhe`cg}c sxegmi co Mnekteè Ztcxnøg- cg}eozàe &Z-f.'

1. Heohòocxc co }tedebi zit od`/ ztimshnmi zit sge }stdnge xn oex higmnhnigcx mc cg}teme xig25:: zxne/ ]0 =:: ²A ~ oex higmnhnigcx mc xeonme xig 5='; zxne/ V0 >3#/ tcxscoqe2e. Sxegmi oex }edoex }ctìmngå`nhexd. Sxegmi co mnekteè mc @ioonct &cg}eozàe-cg}tizàe.

;. Heohsoc co }tedebi zit od`/ higxs`nmi zit sg hi`ztcxit usc xshhnige co Atcøg ‘54 e 4:zxne hiì qezit xe}stemi ~ oi mcxhetke e 5:: zxne ~ 4:: ²A2e. Sxegmi oex }edoex }ctìmngå`nhexd. Sxegmi co mnekteè Ztcxnøg-cg}eozàe

6. Aos~c qezit mc ekse e }teqîx mc sge }stdnge emnedå}nhe' Oex higmnhnigcx mc cg}teme xig

5: @Ze/ =3: ²H/ ~ 6: `)x ~ sge eo}ste mc 8 `}x' Oex higmnhnigcx mc xeonme xig 5: Lze/>4# mc heonmem/ 3: `)x ~ eo}ste mc 5'3 `}x' Mc}ct`ngc2e. Co he`dni mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe cg}tc oe cg}teme ~ oe xeonme &zit sgnmem mc èxe.'d. Co he`dni mc cgctkàe zi}cghneo cg}tc oe cg}teme ~ oe xeonme zit sgnmem mc èxe'h. Oe zi}cghne mcxettiooeme zit sgnmem mc èxe &Lb)Lk.'m. Xn oe èxe usc hnthsoe e }teqîx mc oe }stdnge cx 54 Lk)xck/ hsåo cx oe zi}cghne }i}eo

mcxettiooeme &L[.'c. Zete co `nxì aosbi `åxnhi memi cg co ezet}c ‟m‐ mc}ct`ngc co mnå`c}ti mc oe }sdctàe

zit oe usc cg}te co qezit'



>. Heohsoc co heoit gchcxetni usc fe~ usc xs`ngnx}tetoc e sge hittncg}c mc 5'3 Lk)xck mcekse oàusnme usc xc heoncg}e e ztcxnøg higx}eg}c mc 3 @Ze e sg ng}cthe`dnemit mc heoitmc =: ²H e 1: ²H/ zete oi hseo s}nonhc2e. Oex ]edoex mc Qezit'd. Oex }edoex mc heoitcx cxzchàanhix exs`ncgmi usc co ekse xc hi`zit}e hiì sg aosnmi

nghi`ztcxndoc'h. Hi`zetc e`dix tcxso}emix ~ hi`cg}c'

5:.Sge ‟di`de heoitn`î}tnhe‐/ cx sg tchnzncg}c xcooemi/ usc xc sxe zete `cmnt oe cgctkàeondcteme zit hnct}e tcehhnøg usà`nhe' Cx}e ‟di`de‐ usc hig}ncgc ngnhneo`cg}cmc}ct`ngemix ztimsh}ix usà`nhix/ cx hioiheme mcg}ti mc sg kteg tchnzncg}c hig ekse'Hsegmi oix usà`nhix tcehhnigeg/ heoit cx }tegxactnmi mc oe di`de eo ekse es`cg}egmi oe}c`zcte}ste mc îx}e' Xc sxe sg ekn}emit coîh}tnhi zete fehct hnthsoet co ekse/ ~ oezi}cghne usc n`zsoxe co cbc usc `scqc co ekn}emit cx :':3 l[' Cg sg zctàimi mc 43`ngs}ix/ co heoit }tegxactnmi mc oe di`de eo ekse cx 5=:: lBiso ~ co heoit }tegxactnmi mcoekse eo entc mc oix eotcmcmitcx cx ;: lBiso' Exs`ncgmi usc co ekse/ gi xc cqezitemc}ct`ngc co he`dni mc oe cgctkàe ng}ctge }i}eo mco ekse msteg}c cx}c zctàimi mc }nc`zi'

55.Higxnmctc co tchnzncg}c enxoemi usc xc `scx}te cg oe ankste' Cx}c cgqexc }ncgc sghi`zet}n`ncg}i qehài xczetemi zit sge `c`dtege mc sg xcksgmi hi`zet}n`ncg}i uschig}ncgc 5 lk mc ekse e 13 H ~/ ;:: lZe' Oe `c`dtege xc ti`zc ~ co ekse xc cvzegmcoocgegmi }imi co tchnzncg}c/ hig sge ztcxnøg tcxso}eg}c mc 53 lZe' Mc}ct`ngc oe}c`zcte}ste angeo mco ekse ~ co qios`cg }i}eo mco tchnzncg}c'

54.Sg kex nmceo cx heocg}emi mcxmc 3:: L e 5::: L' Heohsoc co he`dni mc cg}eozàe zitLnoikteì exs`ncgmi2 e. Heoit cxzchàanhi higx}eg}c' d. Sxegmi heoit cxzchàanhi zti`cmnimc oex }edoex mc kexcx nmceocx' h. Ng}cktegmi oex cvztcxnigcx egeoà}nhex mc heoitcxcxzchàanhix cg asghnøg mc oe }c`zcte}ste' \Tcxscoqe zete oix kexcx2 Mnøvnmi mc Hetdigi&H:4. ~ Fconi &Fc.P'

58.Sg hnongmti hig}ncgc :'= Lk mc qezit mc ekse xe}stemi e 55: H' Cg cx}c cx}emi co tcxit}cxioi }ihe eo znx}øg xng cbcthct asctre eoksge xidtc co `nxì' Heoit cx }tegxactnmi eo eksehesxegmi usc co znx}øg xc cocqc/ ~ msteg}c cx}c ztihcxi oe asctre mco tcxit}c cxztizithnigeo eo mcxzoere`ncg}i mco î`dioi/ hig sge higx}eg}c mco tcxit}c mc 3:lGc{}ig)`' Oe xchhnøg }tegxqctxeo mco znx}øg cx :':3 `4' e. Mc}ct`ngc oe }c`zcte}ste cgco hnongmti hsegmi oe ztcxnøg mcg}ti mco hnongmti cx mc 8:: lZe' d. Heohsoc co heoit}tegxactnmi msteg}c cx}c ztihcxi'

Ekse Qehài



5=.Sg hi`ztcxit/ usc cx ìqnmi zit sge kteg }stdnge/ tchndc entc mco e`dncg}c e >3 lZe/ 4:H/ hig debe qcoihnmem' Co hi`ztcxit mcxhetke co entc e 86: lZe/ 86: H/ hig sgeqcoihnmem mc 55: `)xck' Oe zi}cghne mc cg}teme mco hi`ztcxit cx 3::: L[' Mc}ct`ngc coaosbi mc èxe usc hnthsoe e }teqîx mco hi`ztcxit'

53.Higxnmctc sge heomcte usc tchndc oàusnmi hi`ztn`nmi e 5: @Ze/ 8: H e }teqîx mc sge}sdctàe mc 8: ` mc mnå`c}ti e terøg mc 8 on}tix)xck' Qezit xe}stemi xeoc mc oe heomctezit sge }sdctàe mco `nxì mnå`c}ti e sge ztcxnøg mc > @Ze' Heohsoc oe qcoihnmem mc oe}tegxactcghne mc heoit eo ekse'

51.Sg }egusc tàknmi mc :'5 `8 hig}ncgc ngnhneo`cg}c qezit mc ekse xe}stemi e 54: ²H' Co}egusc cx higch}emi zit `cmni mc sge qåoqsoe e sge oàgce mc eon`cg}ehnøg usc higmshcqezit e 5 @ze ~ 8:: ²H' Mcxzsîx cx ednct}e oe qåoqsoe ~ co qezit cg}te eo }egusc' Oe}tegxactcghne mc heoit xc oocqe e hedi hig oix eotcmcmitcx mc ègcte usc oe }c`zcte}stecg co }egusc zctègchc higx}eg}c cg 54: ²H }imi co }nc`zi' Oe qåoqsoe xc hnctte hsegmixc idxctqe usc oe `n}em mco qios`cg mco }egusc cx ihszeme zit ekse oàusnme' Mc}ct`ngce. Oe ztcxnøg angeo cg co }egusc' d. Oe heg}nmem mc qezit usc fe cg}temi cg co `nxì' h.Oe heg}nmem mc }tegxactcghne mc heoit'

5;.Sg }egusc enxoemi }ît`nhe`cg}c mc 5 `8 hig}ncgc mc entc e 4: H/ 3:: lZe' Co }egusc xc

higch}e zit sge qåoqsoe e sge oàgce zit migmc aos~c entc e 4 @Ze/ 4: H' Oe qåoqsoe xcedtc ~ cg}te `åx entc eo }egusc fex}e usc oe ztcxnøg mcg}ti mco `nxì cx 5'3 @ze/ cgcx}c ì`cg}i xc hnctte oe qåoqsoe' ¹Hsåo cx oe }c`zcte}ste mcg}ti mco }egusc cg coì`cg}i usc xc hnctte oe qåoqsoe9

56.Xc cx}tegksoe qezit mc 3:: Zxne ~ 6:: A fex}e sge ztcxnøg mc 8:: Zxne' Xc ztcksg}e¹Hsåo cx oe }c`zcte}ste angeo9 ¹Usî qeoit oc hittcxzigmc eo Hicanhncg}c mc Bisoc-]fi`xig cg cx}c ztihcxi9 ¹ Xc ztimshc higmcgxehnøg zethneo mc cx}cqezit9'&Tcxscoqe sxegmi co Mnekteè mc @ioonct.

5>. Co HNHOI TCKCGCTE]NQI/ cx sg hnhoi mc zi}cghne usc s}nonre co ztcheocg}e`ncg}i mcoekse mc eon`cg}ehnøg e oe heomcte/ zete oi hseo xc cv}tec hnct}e heg}nmem mc qezit uschnthsoe e }teqîx mc oe }stdnge' Hig cx}i xc oikte nghtc`cg}et co tcgmn`ncg}i i oe canhncghnemco hnhoi' Cg oe xnksncg}c ankste xc `scx}te sg hnhoi mc cx}c }nzi hig sg

Ekse

&Xnx}.

Tcxit}c



ZTCHEOCG]EMIT EDNCT]I I MC HIG]EH]I MNTCH]I/ mcgi`ngemi exà zitusc coekse oàusnme ztiqcgncg}c mco higmcgxemit xc `crhoe mntch}e`cg}c hig co qezit' Cg oeankste xc `scx}teg oix cx}emix }àznhix mc izctehnøg ~ cg oe xnksncg}c }edoe oex higmnhnigcxcxzchàanhex zete cx}c cbcthnhni2

Zsg}i Sdnhehnøg Higmnhnigcx Cg}eozàe&f . Cx}emi

5 Xeonme mco higmcgxemit ~

cg}teme e oe di`de5'

5: lZe 5>5'68 lB)lk Onu' Xe}stemi

4 Xeonme mc oe di`de 5 ~

cg}teme eo ztcheocg}emit

ednct}i

5'4 @Ze/ =1'5: ²H 5>8':8 lB)lk Oàusnmi

hi`ztn`nmi

8 Xeonme mc ztcheocg}emit ~

cg}teme e oe di`de 4

5'4 @Ze ;>6'13 lB)lk Oàusnmi

xe}stemi

= Xeonme mc oe di`de 4 ~

cg}teme e oe heomcte

53 @Ze/ 5>5'34 ²H 65='8; lB)lk Oàusnmi

hi`ztn`nmi

3 Xeonme mc oe heomcte ~

cg}teme e oe }stdnge

53 @Ze/ 1:: ²H 8364'8 lB)lk Qezit

xidtcheocg}emi

1 Cv}tehhnøg mc Qezit mc

oe }stdnge

5'4 @Ze/ 456'8 ²H 463>'3 lB)lk Qezit

xidtcheocg}emi

; Xeonme mc oe }stdnge ~

cg}teme eo higmcgxemit

5: lZe/ V0:'6:= 4553'1 lB)lk @crhoe

Xn xszigcìx usc e oe }stdnge cg}teg 5 Lk)ft/ mc}ct`ngc2

e. Oe heg}nmem mc qezit mc cv}tehhnøg usc xc mcdc }ièt mc oe }stdnge zete keteg}nret

usc oex higmnhnigcx mc cg}teme e oe heomcte xceg oex cxzchnanhemex cg oe }edoe eg}ctnit'

d. Co }tedebi mc cg}teme mc e`dex di`dex'h. Co }tedebi }i}eo mc oe }stdnge'

m. Co heoit xs`ngnx}temi cg oe heomcte'



Ztidocèx xskctnmix cg co Xnx}cè Ngkoîx2 mc ]ctìmngå`nhe Zit Qeg [~ocg &Hezn}soi(3.3';-3'6- 3'54-3'5=-3'5>-3'4:-3'48-3'4=-3'88-3'=3-3'=;-3'3:- 3'3='

Heomcte

]stdnge

Heocg}emit

Ednct}i Higmcg''

Di`de 4 Di`de 5

Zi}cghne

Qezit Xidtcheocg}emi

Qezit Xidt' @crhoe

Onu' Xe}'

Onu' Hi`z'

Onu' Xe}'

Onu' Hi`z'

Uxeo

`3

`1



='; TCACTCGHNEX DNDONIKTEANHEX

Ëcgkco/ ^sgsx E' ! Diocx/ @nhfeco E' ]ctìmngå`nhe ' Cmn}itneo @hKte{-Fnoo' Hset}e

Cmnhnøg' @îvnhi' 4::8' 64> zåkx'

Oøzcr Etegki/ Mncki' ]ctìmngå`nhe ' Cmn}itneo Cxhscoe Hioi`dnege mc Ngkcgnctàe'Xcksgme Cmnhnøg' Hioi`dne' 5>>>' =43 zåkx'

Qeg [~ocg/ Kitmig B' ! Xigg}ek/ Tnhfetm C' Asgme`cg}ix mc ]ctìmngå`nhe '

Cmn}itneo On`sxe' @îvnhi' 5>>:' ;83 zåkx'

[etl/ Lcggc}f ! Tnhfetmx/ Migeom C' ]ctìmngå`nhe ' Cmn}itneo @hKte{-Fnoo' Xcv}e

Cmnhnøg' @îvnhi' 4::=' 5:=6 zåkx'

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