Informe Final Proceso Constructivo Listo

8/17/2019 Informe Final Proceso Constructivo Listo

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R DE CINCO PISOS” – Urb. 03 de octubre M!"#!"! “$” Lote “%” d&'tr&to de C(&c)!*o Pr

INTE/RANTES/u!d!)u,e /1-e# MilagrosT!2ur V!r !' Llerme Susan.

DOCENTEIng. Sosa Sandoval Ricardo Antonio

ASIGNATURA:CONSTRUCCI4N I

UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA SANTO TORIBIO DE MOGROVEJO

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA

ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL Y AMBIENTAL


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CONSTRUCCI4N IING&NI&R'A CI(IL )AM*I&NTAL

IN+IC&

DEDICATORIA......................................................................................................, AGRADECIMIENTO...............................................................................................-INTRODUCCION...................................................................................................CAPITULO I: GENERALIDADES............................................................................../

%. 0*1&TI(0S................................................................................................. /!. IM20RTANCIA............................................................................................. /

3. DESCRIPCIÓN:........................................................................................3

CAPITULO II: MARCO TEÓRICO.............................................................................42.2.1 Trabajos Provisional s.............................................................................%2.2.2 Trabajos !r li"inar s: ..............................................................................%/2.2.# E$%ava%i&n ' Co"!a%(a%i&n......................................................................%32.2.) Ci"i n(os ' Sobr %i"i n(os ......................................................................%42.2.* El " n(os+ r(i%al s Pri" r Niv l...............................................................!$2.2., Ar"a- ra ...............................................................................................!%2.2./ En(r !isos ..............................................................................................!!2.2.0 Es%al ras...............................................................................................!,2.2. Es(r %( ra - ( % o..................................................................................!-2.2.13 El " n(os + r(i%al s S 4 n-o Niv l O M5s................................................!2.2.11 Losa Ali4 ra-a........................................................................................!2.2.12 Ins(ala%ion s El6%(ri%as............................................................................!/2.2.1# Ins(ala%ion s 7i-r5 li%as..........................................................................!32.2.1) Ins(ala%ion s Sani(arias............................................................................!4

2.2.1* P r(as 8 + n(anas.................................................................................!42.2.1, A%aba-os ...............................................................................................!4Ca!9( lo III: DESARROLLO DE LA IN+ESTIGACION..............................................,$

%. Caracter5sticas de la o#ra........................................................................ ,$1.1. Ubi%a%i&n............................................................................................,$1.2. Lin- ros ' ! r9" (ro .............................................................................,$

%


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1.#. r as..................................................................................................,%1.). Ti!o - Es(r %( ra................................................................................,%1.*. Sis( "a s(r %( ral...............................................................................,!

1.,. MATERIALES UTILI;ADOS...................................................................,,1./. E


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DEDICATORIA

,

A Dios ' a n s(ros !a-r s!or l a!o'o in%on-i%ional

!r s n( n %a-a no -los !asos> lo4ros ' ra%asos- n s(ra vi-a

A B i n s nos a' -aronr ali=ar s( (rabajo !or

a!o'o ' las a%ili-a- sbrin-a-as in%on-i%ional"a avor - al%an=ar las "

!lan( a-as



!lan( a-as


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AGRADECIMIENTO

-

A quienes nos ayudaron arealizar es e ra!a"o #or su

a#oyo y las $a%ilidades

!rindadas in%ondi%ional&en ea $a'or de al%anzar las &e as

#lan eadas



!lan( a-as



!lan( a-as



!lan( a-as



!lan( a-as



!lan( a-as


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INTRODUCCIONEn l - sarrollo - n !a9s in( rvi n la in- s(ria - la %ons(r %%i&n> s sab B l

o"br - s- n !rin%i!io (ili=a "a( rial s na( ral s !ara la %ons(r %%i&n - s 5bi(a( 's as9 %o"o s an ll 4a-o a r ali=ar "aravillosas %ons(r %%ion s B ! r- ran %on l

(i "!o ' a- "5s - s!i r(an l in( r6s - " % as ! rsonas> n s! %ial - in4 ni ros>!or ! r %%ionar innovar n vos "o- los n la %ons(r %%i&n. Es !or so B n (o-aobra %ivil s (i n B s 4 ir %on nos !asos !ara la labora%i&n - la s(r %( ra

Pro% so Cons(r %(ivo .

El !ro% so %ons(r %(ivo s na s ri - !ro% -i"i n(os B s - b n s 4 ir al "o" n(o- %ons(r ir na -i i%a%i&n.

Ca-a no - los l " n(os B %on or"an la -i i%a%i&n (i n s !ro!io !ro% so%ons(r %(ivo. D s- la $%ava%i&n - l ( rr no> s(r %( ras> %i" n(a%i&n> vi4as> " r%ol "nas ins(ala%ion s> sis( "as - losas> a%aba-os (%. ll van %i r(o !ro% -i"i n(o B

a' B s 4 ir - a% r-o al r 4la" n(o s(abl %i-o.

Ta"bi6n - b n ll var n or- n ' n (i "!o asi4na-os !or n !ro4ra"a - obra> l % aln%iona %o"o n %al n-ario - las a%(ivi-a- s B s - b n ir r ali=an-o ' s(abl % r

% 5n(o (i "!o (o"ar5 %a-a na - llas.

7ablar - n !ro% -i"i n(o %ons(r %(ivo s n ( "a B !r ( n- ll 4ar a - sarrollar %a!a%i-a- s n noso(ros ' n (o-os los s( -ian( s - la %arr ra In4. Civil ' A"bi n(al -la niv rsi-a- %a(&li%a FSan(o Toribio - Mo4rov jo .

En s(a ! rs! %(iva %ab s ?alar B -i% os %on( ni-os 4 ar-an i l %orr s!on- n%ia %onlos obj (ivos B s - s%rib n a %on(in a%i&n:

T n r n %ono%i"i n(o - (alla-o - lo B %ara%( ri=a n !ro% -i"i n(o

%ons(r %(ivo ' la i"!or(an%ia - las !ar(i-as - (alla-as - n(ro - la j % %i&n -obra.

Dar a %ono% r las s! %i i%a%ion s (6%ni%as B s(5n r 4is(ra-as n l

r 4la" n(o na%ional - -i i%a%ion s !ara " jor %ono%i"i n(o - %a-ain( rv n%i&n laboral.


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CAPITULO I: GENERALIDADES

1. OBJETIVOS • Anali=ar %a-a !aso a s 4 ir n l !ro% so %ons(r %(ivo - na vivi n-a> - bi-o a

B s n r bro i"!or(an( n n s(ra !ro si&n.• En%on(rar las -i r n%ias n(r l !ro% so %ons(r %(ivo ( %ni i%a-o ' nor"a-o> ' l

!ro% so %ons(r %(ivo "!9ri%o> sa-o n s( %aso !or los "a s(ros - obra 'alba?il s.

Dar a %ono% r al s( -ian( la ( or9a r r n( al !ro% so %ons(r %(ivo --i i%a%ion s arB i( %(&ni%as n lo B %orr s!on- a la (a!a ini%ial> l

nor"a(ivi-a- $is( n( > las %ara%( r9s(i%as - los lo( s ' !ro% so - a!roba%i&n -!ro' %(os

R %ono% r la nor"a(ivi-a- $is( n( !ara las %ons(r %%ion s n P rH.

D ( r"inar las %ara%( r9s(i%as - los lo( s n los % al s s - sarrollan obras -%ons(r %%i&n.

Cono% r los !ro% sos - -is ?o ' a!roba%i&n - !ro' %(os - %ons(r %%i&n. Man jar n vo%ab lario %laro ' !r %iso !ara $!li%ar los r B isi(os !r vios n la

%ons(r %%i&n - na -i i%a%i&n obra %ivil.

2. IMPORTANCIAD bi-o a la -iv rsi-a- - %a"!os - a!li%a%i&n - n s(ra %arr ra> %r "osi"!or(an( %ono% r n s(a o!or( ni-a- l !ro% so %ons(r %(ivo - na -i i%a%i&n- %ar5%( r !riva-a labora-a !or n "a s(ro - obra B s l "is"o !ro!i (ario>%on "o(ivo - i- n(i i%ar las -i r n%ias B s ! - n ori4inar %on na obra-iri4i-a ' s ! rvisa-a !or n in4 ni ro.

/


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3. DESCRIPCIÓN:La %ons(r %%i&n n arB i( %( ra s - in %o"o l l " n(o r s l(an( - la%onj n%i&n - varios "a( rial s $!r sa" n( %r a-os !ara - s(inars n

ar"&ni%o or- n ' n las !ro!or%ion s - bi-as> s 4Hn s n%i&n s! %9 i%a> a%r ar n n( "a( rial % 'o in s a alb r4ar ! rsonas ' s s a%(ivi-a- s n n

s!a%io 9si%o - ( r"ina-o.

Para la %ons(r %%i&n s la alba?il r9a B s - in %o"o l ar( - %ons(r ir -i i%ios obras n B s "!l n la-rillo> !i -ra> ar na> ' so o(ros "a( rial s

s " jan( s.

A%( al" n( la %ons(r %%i&n s %ara%( ri=a !or r ali=ar %a-a v = " nos obras n

l si(io -on- s l van(a la -i i%a%i&n> ' s ori n(a a%ia l "on(aj -%o"!on n( s "a'or s ' "5s in( 4ra-os> abri%a-os n l 4ar s -i r n( s.I4 al" n( > s a!r %ia na "a'or %oor-ina%i&n - las -i" nsion s> lo Bsi4ni i%a B las -i i%a%ion s s -is ?an ' los %o"!on n( s s abri%an n navari -a- - "&- los s(5n-ar> r - %i n-o " % o las o! ra%ion s - %or( 'aj s( n la obra. Es lo B s %ono% %o"o !r abri%a%i&n.

3


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CAPITULO II: MARCO TEÓRICO1.2 PROCESO CONSTRUCTIVO.

1.2.1 Defini i!ne":o Vi#$: El " n(o s(r %( ral sb l(o> 4 n ral" n( ori=on(al B (rabaja

n-a" n(al" n( a l $i&n. Una vi4a - %on ina"i n(o (rans"i( %ar4as al" ro.

o M%&! '!&($n(e: M ro -is ?a-o ' %ons(r i-o n or"a (al B ! -a (rans"i(ir %ar4as ori=on(al s ' v r(i%al s - n niv l a n niv l in rior ' a la%i" n(a%i&n.

o C!)%*n$: El " n(o - %on%r (o ar"a-o %on la n%i&n - (rans"i(ir las

%ar4as ori=on(al s ' v r(i%al s a la %i" n(a%i&n.o A)+$,i)e&-$ !nfin$ $: Alba?il r9a r or=a-a %on l " n(os -

%on ina"i n(o - %on%r (o.

o M%&! !nfin$ !: M ro %on l " n(os - r r=o n s s % a(ro la-os.

o C!nfin$*ien(!: Conj n(o - l " n(os - r r=o> s n%i&n s -ar - %(ili-a- a los " ros !or(an( s.

o Ci*en($ i/n: Par( - la -i i%a%i&n B (rans"i( al s bs lo las %ar4as -

la s(r %( ra.

o J%n($: S !ara%i&n "9ni"a B s - ja n las s(r %( ras. S n%i&n s

%on(rolar los %(os - la %on(ra%%i&n> $!ansi&n ' la vibra%i&n> vi(an-o Bla s(r %( ra s a4ri ( .

o Re')$n(e!: Tra=a-o sobr l ( rr no - -is!osi%i&n - !ar - s ' l an% o -

las =anjas !ara los %i" n(os> (ili=an-o s(a%as ' %or- l s.o L!"$: El " n(o s(r %( ral !lano sa-o %o"o ( % o o !iso> 4 n ral" n(

ori=on(al> ar"a-o n na ' -os -ir %%ion s.

o Den"i $ e M%&!": R la%i&n n(r la s "a(oria - los !ro- %(os -

lon4i( - s !or s! sor s - los " ros ' l 5r a - l !iso.

o P&! e"! C!n"(&% (i0!:Es l !ro% so " -ian( l B a !ar(ir - la j % %i&n

- na s ri - a%(ivi-a- s s a% na obra "a( rial - - sarrollo!ro4r sivo.

4


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o P$&(i $:Es %a-a !ar( n B s -ivi- %onv n%ional" n( na obra> !ara in s -" -i%i&n> val a%i&n ' !aso. D a% r-o a la (ar as o a%(ivi-a- s - n(ro - l

!ro% so %ons(r %(ivo - la obra> las !ar(i-as s -ivi-ir5n n !ar(i-as - 1 >2 > # ' ) or- n> B in-i%an %on "a'or !r %isi&n l (rabajo a %( ars .Ej": La !ar(i-a - %on%r (o ar"a-o 1 or- n > %ol "na 2 or- n

n%o ra-o # or- n

1.2.2M$(e&i$)e" %(i)i $ !" en )$ !n"(&% i/n.o A#&e#$ !".

Ta"bi6n - no"ina-os 5ri-os> in r( s o %on4lo" ra-os son ra4" n(os o 4ranos

B %ons(i( ' n n(r n /3J ' 0*J - l ! so - la " =%la> % 'as inali-a- ss! %9 i%as son abara(ar los %os(os - la " =%la ' -o(arla - %i r(as

%ara%( r9s(i%as avorabl s - ! n-i n-o - la obra B s B i ra j % (ar.Los a4r 4a-os - b r5n % "!lir %on las KEs! %i i%a%ion s - A4r 4a-os !araCon%r (oK ITINTEC )33.3#/> NTP )33.311 ' ASTM C ##> $% !(o los a4r 4a-osB a nB no % "!lan %on 6s(as> a'an - "os(ra-o !or s rvi%ios o !or !r bas

s! %ial s B !ro- % n n %on%r (o - r sis( n%ia ' - rabili-a- a-6% al s.

El (a"a?o "5$i"o - los a4r 4a-os no - b r5 s r "a'or B :

1 * La " nor -i" nsi&n n(r las %aras - las or"as n%o ra-os .1 # la al( ra - la losa# ) - l s!a%ia"i n(o "9ni"o n(r varillas in-ivi- al s - r r=o &

!aB ( s - barras.

$. A#&e#$ ! fin!.El a4r 4a-o ino s aB l B !asa !or l (a"i= # 0 ' s r ( ni-o n l (a"i=nH" ro 233. Es l a4r 4a-o !rov ni n( - la - sin( 4ra%i&n na( ral o ar(i i%ial>B !asa l (a"i= nor"ali=a-o .*"" # 0 ' B % "!l %on los l9"i( s

s(abl %i-os n la nor"a NTP )33.3#/.

+. A#&e#$ ! #&%e"!.El a4r 4a-o 4r so s r5 4rava o !i -ra> 'a s a n s s(a-o na( ral> (ri( ra-a o!ar(i-a - 4rano %o"!a%(o ' - %ali-a- - ra.

"


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El a4r 4a-o 4r so s aB l B !asa !or l (a"i= # ' s r ( ni-o l (a"i=n " ro ).Es l a4r 4a-o r ( ni-o n l (a"i= nor"ali=a-o )./*"" N )!rov ni n( - la - sa4r 4a%i&n na( ral o ar(i i%ial - la ro%a. 8 B % "!l %onlos l9"i( s s(abl %i-os n la !r s n( nor"a.

o Ce*en(!:

El % " n(o Por(lan- s n !ro- %(o %o" r%ial - 5%il a-B isi%i&n l % al % an-os " =%la %on a4 a> 'a s a solo o n %o"bina%i&n %on ar na> !i -ra o(ros"a( rial s si"ilar s> (i n la !ro!i -a- - r a%%ionar l n(a" n( %on l a4 a

as(a or"ar na "asa n- r %i-a. Es n%ial" n( s n %lin r ina" n( "oli-o>!ro- %i-o !or la %o%%i&n a l va-as ( "! ra( ras> - " =%las B %on(i n n %al>alH"ina> i rro ' s9li% n !ro!or%ion s - ( r"ina-as.

o A#%$:Es n l " n(o n-a" n(al n la !r !ara%i&n - l %on%r (o> s(an-o r la%iona-o%on la r sis( n%ia> (rabajabili-a- ' !ro!i -a- s - l %on%r (o. El a4 a a "!l ars

n la !r !ara%i&n - l %on%r (o> - b r5 s r li"!ia ' s(ar libr - %an(i-a- s! rj -i%ial s - a% i( s> 5%i-os> 5l%alis> sal s> "a( rial or45ni%o ' o(ras s s(an%iasB ! -an s r no%ivas al %on%r (o o al a% ro. D !r r n%ia %on ! n (ro.

o L$ &i))!:S %ono% %o"o la-rillo a n l " n(o -%ons(r %%i&n> B (i n or"a -!aral l !9! -o r %(an4 lar ' B ! r"i( l van(ar " ros ' o(ras s(r %( ras.Gra%ias a s s -i" nsion s> n alba?il ! - %olo%ar n la-rillo (ili=an-o s&lo na"ano> lo B a%ili(a las (ar as.Los la-rillos - %on%r (o son no - los "a( rial s - %ons(r %%i&n "5s - rabl sB $is( n. Cons rvan s or(al =a> r sis( n%ia ' b ll =a n las ! or s

%on-i%ion s %li"5(i%as. Prov n na !ro( %%i&n $(raor-inaria !ara las %ol "nas- a% ro.

A e&!:

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http://definicion.de/construccion/http://definicion.de/construccion/


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El a% ro ! - ( n r "Hl(i!l s !a! l s. Sirv !ara ar"ar l or"i4&n> r or=ar los%i"i n(os> (rans!or(ar l a4 a> l 4as o(ros l i-os.

P r"i( i4 al" n( or"ar l ar"a=&n - -i i%ios> s an s(os - o i%inas>

s% las> abri%as> r si- n%ial s o !oli- !or(ivos. 8 (a"bi6n v s(irlos a% a-as>( ja-os .

En na !alabra> s l l " n(o s n%ial - la arB i( %( ra ' - la s(6(i%a - n!ro' %(o.

2.2 PROCESO CONSTRUCTIVO DE UNA VIVIENDA

2.2.1 T&$+$ !" P&!0i"i!n$)e"

$3 Ce& ! 'e&i*4(&i !:

El s!a%io libr ( n-r5 n an% o no " nor B 1.* " (ros salvo %on l r n( sobr la v9a!Hbli%a B sobr !asara al *3J - l an% o - la v r -a. Las % r%as - s 4 ri-a- s r5n%ons(r i-as %on: la-rillo> bloB s> a-ob s> "a- ra> (%. Al( ra variabl - 2 a # " (ros.Es! sor variabl - a% r-o al "a( rial a "!l ar.

5e&&$*ien($":!alanas> !an l s - (ri!la' ' "a- ra.

Uni $ e *e i $: "l

+3 Se&0i i!" 6i#i4ni !":

Son obras - %ar5%( r ( "!oral> !ara so - l ! rsonal a-"inis(ra(ivo ' obr ro - la obra.Son r %o" n-abl s los a( rs ( r%os> %on - % a in%l i-a. La ins(ala%i&n - ( b r9as -a4 a s r5 visibl %on ( b r9a - i rro 4alvani=a-o. La r - - - sa4Q s !o-r5 a% rs%on ( b r9a - %on%r (o ' s ar5 bajo (i rra.

5e&&$*ien($":!alanas> losa - %on%r (o ' r - s sani(arias.

Uni $ e *e i $: Gbl

3 P&e'$&$ i/n e) (e&&en!

Pr vio al ini%io - na %ons(r %%i&n> s n % sario r ali=ar la li"!i =a - l ( rr noli"inan-o las !lan(as> r (iran-o los - !&si(os - bas ra ' s%o"bros> si los bi r > los

arb s(os ' (o-a v 4 (a%i&n $is( n( B a %( l si(io - la %ons(r %%i&n - b s%or(a-a - ra9=> la %a!a v 4 (al o (i rra n 4ra - b s r r (ira-a a nB - ! n-i n-o - l

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13/42


(i!o - %ons(r %%i&n B s ll v a %abo. La (i rra n 4ra ! - s r a!rov % a-a n las5r as - jar-in r9a !ro' %(a-as> n (al %aso> - b al"a% nars n n l 4ar a!ro!ia-o.Los "a( rial s !ro- %(o - la li"!i =a - b n s r r (ira-os a los bo(a- ros o i%ial s.

3 In"($)$ i!ne" '&!0i"i!n$)e"D a% r-o al (i!o - obra a r ali=ar> s n % sario %ons(r ir %i r(o (i!o - s!a%ios ins(ala%ion s !rovisional s %o"o son: al"a%6n !ara "a( rial s> o i%inas !ara ! rsonal(6%ni%o> labora(orio> ins(ala%ion s - n r49a l6%(ri%a ' sani(aria. Los s!a%ios!rovisional s B s %ons(r 'an - b n a% rs %on "a( rial s - 5%il "on(aj '- s"on(aj .

• Al"a%6n. D b ( n r l (a"a?o a- % a-o !ara al"a% nar las

rra"i n(as ' los "a( rial s B n % si( n !ro( %%i&n - la in( "! ri

%o"o l % " n(o> l i rro ' la "a- ra n(r o(ros. S bi%a%i&n - n(ro - l( rr no - b s r (al B a%ili( la - s%ar4a - "a( rial s.

• In"($)$ i/n e)4 (&i $ '&!0i"i!n$). S %on %(a> %on las a (ori=a%ion sr B ri-as> a la r - - s rvi%io !Hbli%o - b s(ar !ro( 4i-a ' % "!lir %onlas nor"a(ivas - s 4 ri-a-. D b ( n r la %a!a%i(a- !ara !ro!or%ionar la

n r49a n los si(ios r B ri-os !or los -is(in(os B i!os ' rra"i n(as%o"o son: a!ara(os - sol-a- ra> %on%r (aras> vibra-or s> si rras>

! li-oras (%. As9 %o"o il "ina%i&n no%( rna - s r n % saria.

• Ins(ala%ion s sani(arias. El %ons "o - a4 a s in-is! nsabl n (o-a

%ons(r %%i&n n la labora%i&n ' % ra-o - l %on%r (o ' n (o-as obras -alba?il r9a> !or lo B s( s rvi%io - b s r 4 s(iona-o - s- l ini%io -la obra. Los s rvi%ios sani(arios !rovisional s> s 4Hn la bi%a%i&n - laobra> ! - n s r %ons(r i-os n l si(io %on %(5n-olos a la " % a -a4 as n 4ras o r n(a-os. El ( rr no - b r5 -o(ars - - sa4Q s !ara

vi(ar in n-a%ion s.

2.2.2 T&$+$ !" '&e)i*in$&e":

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• Niv la%i&n. Con%l i-a la li"!i =a ' la li"ina%i&n> s !ro% - a - ( r"inar los

niv l s - l ( rr no - a% r-o a n niv l - r r n%ia - ( r"ina-o B ! - s r l niv l - la a% ra n na sB ina - l ( rr no.

En s( si(io s %lava n l ( rr no na r 4la %o"!l (a" n( a !lo"o ' s "ar%a sobrlla l niv l B ( n-r5 l !iso ( r"ina-o - la ( ra -i i%a%i&n - a% r-o a los !lanos.

Para %o"o-i-a- - (rabajo s "ar%a n niv l B s(6 n " (ro arriba - l niv l - !iso> a!ar(ir - s( ! n(o> ' %on la a' -a - na "an4 ra (rans!ar n( > s ll va s( niv l a(o-a la lon4i( - - l ( rr no %lavan-o r 4las a na s !ara%i&n B - ! n- r5 - la(o!o4ra 9a - l ( rr no.

• Tra=o ' r !lan( o. Consis( n "ar%ar sobr l ( rr no los j s - (o-os los

l " n(os B %on or"ar5n la %ons(r %%i&n a - sarrollars .

1. S bi%a n l ( rr no n j - r r n%ia - a% r-o al !lano - %onj n(o 'a s an j - %olin-an%ia o la a% ra.

El "6(o-o "5s !r5%(i%o !ara a% r l (ra=o s " -ian( l "!l o - lis(on s '%or- l s B "ar%aran los j s.2. S %ons(r ' n los lis(on s n( rran-o -os ' ni6n-olas %on na r 4la !a% a

%lava-a sobr llas a n niv l s(abl %i-o %on r la%i&n al !iso ( r"ina-o - la%ons(r %%i&n. S %olo%a n lis(&n n %a-a no - los $(r "os - l j -r r n%ia "os(ra-o n los !lanos> s !ar5n-os - los $(r "os na -is(an%ia"a'or B l an% o - la n-a%i&n.

7. S %olo%a n %lavo n %a-a lis(&n alin 5n-olos %on l j - r r n%ia> ni n-olos %lavos %on n %or- l> s( "ar%ar5 l j - r r n%ia.

8. Sobr s( j ' a las -is(an%ias B in-iB l !lano> s (ra=an las l9n as as% a-ra B - ( r"inar5n los j s ! r! n-i% lar s al j - r r n%ia> s

%olo%an lis(on s n los $(r "os - %a-a j %olo%5n-ol s los %lavos B alnirlos %on %or- l> in-i%ar5n la !osi%i&n - los j s.

9. S r !i( s(a o! ra%i&n n l !ri" r j ! r! n-i% lar al j - r r n%ia ' s- ( r"inan los j s !aral los al j - r r n%ia.

Para l (ra=o - na ! r! n-i% lar s r % rr al (ri5n4 lo r %(5n4 lo # ) * os b"Hl(i!lo - s(as %i ras. 1.* 2 2.*

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15/42


2.2.7 E $0$ i/n ; C!*'$ ($ i/n

Las $%ava%ion s - na %ons(r %%i&n - a% r-o al (a"a?o> or"as> %o"!l ji-a- ' labi%a%i&n - s(as> !o-r5n a% rs "an al" n( o %on la "aB inaria a- % a-a. Si s

%(Han !or " -io - na "5B ina> s(a ar5 l (rabajo 4r so ! ro la %on or"a%i&ninal s ar5 "an al" n( . Las $%ava%ion s ! - n s r !ro n-as o s ! r i%ial s.

E $0$ i!ne" '&!f%n $"

1. + ri i%a%i&n - la !osi%i&n - las %ol "nas n l (ra=o2. D "ar%a%i&n n l ( rr no - la !osi%i&n ' -i" nsi&n - las =a!a(as

"ar%an-o s bi%a%i&n las %on la ! n(a - na s(a%a.7. A lojar la (i rra %on na s(a%a ' !os( rior" n( r (irarla %on na !ala> s

r !i( l !ro% so as(a al%an=ar la !ro n-i-a- s(abl %i-a.

C an-o la $%ava%i&n s " ' !ro n-a o l ( rr no s " ' s l(o> las!ar - s - la =anja ! - n - rr "bars > !ara !r v nir s(o> s n % sario%olo%ar (ablas ' lis(on s> B vi( n l - rr "b - las !ar - s.

E $0$ i!ne" "%'e&fi i$)e"

C an-o n na -i i%a%i&n $is( n =a!a(as. La $%ava%i&n !ara las sol ras -%i" n(a%i&n ' ( nsor s> s ll var5 a %abo na v = B %on%l 'a l va%ia-o - las=a!a(as ' ! - s(al s - %ol "nas.

1. Con%l i-o ' v ri i%a-o l (ra=o> s "ar%a n los lis(on s> %olo%an-o %lavosa-i%ional s> l an% o - las %i" n(a%ion s.

2. Uni n-o los %lavos %on %or- l s ' a $ili5n-os %on na !lo"a-a s(rasla-a s(a in or"a%i&n al ( rr no "ar%5n-olo %on la ! n(a - na

s(a%a.7. S %o"i n=a la $%ava%i&n a lojan-o la s ! r i%i - l ( rr no %on la s(a%a

' !os( rior" n( r (iran-o la (i rra %on na !ala s r !i( l !ro% so as(aal%an=ar la !ro n-i-a- n % saria.

8. La !ro n-i-a- s r visa ! ri&-i%a" n( "i-i n-o %on n s%an(ill&n- s- los %or- l s %olo%a-os n los lis(on s as(a l on-o - l =anj a-o.

9. C an-o s ll 4a a la !ro n-i-a- - ( r"ina-a> s v ri i%a la %ali-a- - l ( rr no!ara la %i" n(a%i&n. Si s a n%on(ra-o s lo ir" ' - ro> no - b r5

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16/42


$%avars "5s. P ro si a sa !ro n-i-a- l ( rr no s blan-o> abr5 Bsobr $%avar> r s(i( ir l s lo ' %o"!a%(ar.

C!*'$ ($ i/n

Una v = r (ira-o l "a( rial s l(o - las sobr $%ava%ion s> s s s(i( ' !or "a( rials l %(o n %a!as no "a'or s - 1*%" ' s %o"!a%(a 'a s a "an al" n( o %on"5B inas %o"!a%(a-oras as(a lo4rar la - nsi-a- s! %i i%a-a.

2.2.8 Ci*ien(!" ; S!+&e i*ien(!"

Un %i"i n(o s aB lla !ar( - la s(r %( ra B r %ib la %ar4a - la -i i%a%i&n ' la(rans"i( al ( rr no !or " -io - l nsan% a"i n(o - s bas . Es - %ir la bas sobr laB - s%ansa (o-o l -i i%io o %ons(r %%i&n s lo B s l lla"a %i" n(a%i&n. P -s r na( ral s o abri%a-as> Lo "5s r % n( s B ( n4an B %ons(r irs bajo (i rra. La!ro n-i-a- ' la an% ra - las %i" n(a%ion s s - ( r"inan !or " -io - n %5l% lo

s(r %( ral> - a% r-o %on las %ara%( r9s(i%as - l ( rr no> l "a( rial %on B %ons(r ' n ' las %ar4as B van a so!or(ar. C an-o s %ons(r ' na %i" n(a%i&n> s

n%i&n - l n%ar4a-o - la %ons(r %%i&n la v ri i%a%i&n n l ( rr no - las %on-i%i- l s lo ' - (o-as las %on-i%ion s as "i-as !or l labora(orio - s los ' l in4 ni ro

s(r %( ral. S 4Hn las %ar4as B sobr llas r %a n las %i" n(a%ion s son - lossi4 i n( s (i!os: Pro n-as ! n( al s . S ! r i%ial s Lin al s ' "i$(as.

P&!f%n $":

Las %i" n(a%ion s !ro n-as (rans"i( n la %ar4a al s lo !or !r si&n bajo s bas' s !ro n-i-a- $% - a s an% ra. S (ili=an !ara (rans"i(ir a- % a-a" n(%ar4as !ro!or%iona-as !or l " n(os ! n( al s> %o"o s(r %( ras a bas -"ar%os.

S%'e&fi i$)e":

Las %i" n(a%ion s s ! r i%ial s (rans"i( n la %ar4a al s lo !or !r si&n bajo s

bas . S an% ra s i4 al o "a'or B s !ro n-i-a-. Es( (i!o - %i"i n(o !or lo 4 n ral s - sarrolla lin al" n( > 'a B s (ili=a !ara (rans"i(ir a- % a-a" n( %ar4as !ro!or%iona-as !or s(r %( ras - " ros & !ar - s %ar4a.E"elos:Ci" n(a%ion s a bas Sol ras - n-a%i&n> =a!a(as %orri-as.

Mi ($":

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17/42


C an-o l s lo s " ' blan-o las %i" n(a%ion s s ! r i%ial s no sonr %o" n-a-as a " nos B s r r% n %on %i" n(a%ion s !ro n-as%onvir(i6n-os as9 n %i" n(a%ion s "i$(as B son l " n(os or"a-os !or na%i" n(a%i&n !ro n-a ' na s ! r i%ial. Por j "!lo n - ( r"ina-a %ons(r %%i&n

a' n s(ra(o - s lo blan-o la sol ra - %i" n(a%i&n ! - r or=ars %on!ilo( s - (al "an ra B la %i" n(a%i&n B -a %o"! s(a !or !ilo( s los % al s(rans"i( n %ar4a al s lo !or !r si&n bajo s bas ' sobr s(os na sol ra -%i" n(a%i&n B (rans"i( la %ar4a a los !ilo( s.

Ten"!&e":

Los ( nsor s son l " n(os 4 n ral" n( ori=on(al s B !ro!or%ionanarras(ra"i n(o a los l " n(os v r(i%al s> (al s %o"o las %ol "nas ' ! - s(al s.

S an in%l i-o n las %i" n(a%ion s 'a B las %ol "nas a- "5s - ir arrios(ra-as n la !ar( s ! rior - i4 al or"a - b n arrios(rars n s bas .Es( s l %aso - los ( nsor s n( rra-os B no (rans"i( nin4 na %ar4a als lo 'a B no s a!o'a nin4Hn l " n(o sobr llos> !or lo (an(o s Hni%a%i" n(a%i&n s "an( n r la ( nsi&n n(r l " n(os v r(i%al s.

Vi#$" e i*en($ i/n:

Las vi4as - %i" n(a%i&n son l " n(os 4 n ral" n( ori=on(al s B

!ro!or%ionan arras(ra"i n(o a los l " n(os v r(i%al s> (al s %o"o las %ol "nas '!la%as. S an in%l i-o n las %i" n(a%ion s 'a B las %ol "nas a- "5s - ir arrios(ra-as n la !ar( s ! rior - i4 al or"a - b n arrios(rars n s bas .Es( s l %aso - las vi4as - %i" n(a%i&n n( rra-as B no (rans"i( nin4 na%ar4a al s lo 'a B no s a!o'a nin4Hn l " n(o sobr llos> !or lo (an(o sHni%a %i" n(a%i&n s "an( n r la ( nsi&n n(r l " n(os v r(i%al s.

2.2.9 E)e*en(!"Ve&(i $)e" P&i*e& Ni0e)

Los l " n(os v r(i%al s n na -i i%a%i&n son aB llas s(r %( ras - so!or( Br %ib n %ar4a n n niv l s ! rior ' la (rans"i( n a n niv l in rior. Ta"bi6n aB llos B

n 4 n ral sirv n %o"o % rra"i n(o ' -ivisi&n - s!a%ios n la -i i%a%i&n.Ej "!lo - s(os l " n(os son: Col "nas> !la%as> !ar - s ' " ros.

C!)%*n$":

%/


18/42


Las %ol "nas or"an !ar( - n sis( "a - "ar%os s(r %( ral s> %ons(r i-o a bas- !os( l " n(o v r(i%al ' vi4a l " n(o ori=on(al s( (i!o - sis( "a s

(ili=a-o %o"Hn" n( n -i i%a%ion s - -os niv l s o "5s. Las %ol "nas - in nlos j s !rin%i!al s - na %ons(r %%i&n n n sis( "a - "ar%os> 'a B s n (ornoa las %i" n(a%ion s - s(as B ini%ia la %ons(r %%i&n - na -i i%a%i&n. Ei"!or(an( (o"ar n % n(a !ara l -is ?o - na -i i%a%i&n - varios niv l s> B(o-as %ol "nas !ar( n - la %i" n(a%i&n a nB no (o-as ( r"in n sos( ni n-o la% bi r(a.

P$&e e"

Las !ar - s> s 4Hn s n%i&n s(r %( ral ! - n %lasi i%ars n:

Paredes de cargo: Son los l " n(os B so!or(an r=as v r(i%al s 'ori=on(al s> r sis(i n-o la %ar4a - losas & - ( % os ' !os( rior" n( las

(rans"i( n a las %i" n(a%ion s !ara s(o s r B i r B s(6n r or=a-as(an(o v r(i%al %o"o ori=on(al" n( .

Paredes de re e!o: Es(as !ar - s sirv n Hni%a" n( !ara -ivi-ir s!a%ios>

'a s a - n(ro - la -i i%a%i&n> & ra - 6s(a. Sirv n a- "5s %o"o% rra"i n(o - n sis( "a - "ar%os.

Los !ro% sos %ons(r %(ivos - na !ar - var9an s 4Hn l "a( rial B s (ili% 'la (6%ni%a %on B s %ons(r 'a> s an s l %%iona-o los si4 i n( s %o"o %aso -

s( -io.

M%&!":

Son l " n(os v r(i%al s ' s 4Hn s n%i&n s(r %( ral ! - n s r: M ros -%ar4a: so!or(ar %ar4as v r(i%al s !ara (rans"i(irlas al s lo (rabajan vi(an-o l

n-i"i n(o .

M%&!" e Re(en i/n: So!or(an %ar4as ori=on(al s ' !or 4rav -a-

(rabajan vi(an-o l - sli=a"i n(o ' l vol( o Es(os (i!os - " ro ! - ns r - %on%r (o o - "a"!os( r9a>

%3


19/42


Para s( %aso> s s( -iar5n Hni%a" n( los " ros - !i -ra> 'a B l !ro% so- abri%a%i&n - los " ros - "a"!os( r9a "o- lar s si"ilar al - las !ar - s>' l - %on%r (o s %o"o (o-o !ro% so - %ons(r %%i&n !ara l " n(os v r(i%al s- %on%r (o.

2.2.< A&*$ %&$

La ar"a- ra s l r r=o - n l " n(o s(r %( ral - %on%r (o ar"a-o> B (rabaja a( nsi&n> ! - s r !r abri%a-a o ar"a-a n l si(io - la obra %on varillas - a% ro>s 4Hn los - (all s "os(ra-os n los !lanos. La ar"a- r9a s labora-a !or obr ros%ali i%a-os lla"a-os ar"a-or s> los % al s r ali=an s (rabajo %on rra"i n(asa- % a-as !ara sa labor> lla"a-as K4ri asK B sirv n !ara a% r los -obl % s - los

l " n(os - a% ro. Una varilla - a% ro al s r -obla-a n n s n(i-o 'a no ! - s r n- r =a-a !ara s r -obla-o n va" n( > ! s s(o r - % s l9"i( - l n%ia.

Es as9 B l !ro% so - abri%a%i&n - ar"a- r9a s -ivi- n % a(ro (a!as: Cor(a-o>-obla-o> ar"a-o ' %olo%a-o.

$. C!&($ !: S %or(an las !i =as - a% ro> %onsi- ran-o los "!al" s ' -obl % s>!ara s(a o! ra%i&n s (ili=a na %i=alla "an al & na %or(a-ora - -is%o.

+. D!+)$ !: Consis( n -oblar las !i =as %or(a-as> %on l 5n4 lo 8 la lon4i( -

s! %i i%a-os n los - (all s s(r %( ral s> (ili=an-o las 4ri as !ara l -obla-o 'n ban%o - (rabajo abri%a-o %on % ar(on s> %on 4 9as - varilla !ara - ( r"inar l 5n4 lo - l -obl =.

. A&*$ !: Consis( n a"arrar los s(ribos !r via" n( -obla-os a los i rroslon4i( -inal s %on la s !ara%i&n s! %i i%a-a n !lanos> (ili=an-o ala"br -a"arr . S - b %onsi- rar la !osi%i&n al( rna-a - l "!al" .

. C!)! $ i/n: Una v = ar"a-as las !i =as s %olo%an n la bi%a%i&n B l s%orr s!on- s 4Hn l !lano s(r %( ral. To-a ar"a- r9a - b B -ar r % bi r(a -

%on%r (o ' !ara aislarla s l %olo%an % bos - %on%r (o lla"a-os la-os - n(a"a?o i4 al al s! sor s! %i i%a-o ' s ijan a la ar"a- r9a %on ala"br -a"arr .

2.2.= En(&e'i"!"

%4


20/42


Un n(r !iso s l l " n(o s(r %( ral B s !ara n niv l - o(ro n na -i i%a%i&n> s%o"!on n - l " n(os ori=on(al s - a!o'o vi4as ' la s ! r i%i s(r %( ral losa &!la%as > Es( - b s r %a!a= - so!or(ar %ar4as vivas %ar4as (ransi(orias ' %ar4a" r(as s !ro!io ! so . En n n(r !iso $is( na j rarB 9a - l " n(os> s - %ir lor- n n B r sis( n las %ar4as> s as9 B n 6s( a%(Han:

Es(r %( ra Pri"aria> 4 n ral" n( son l " n(os ori=on(al s> s - %ir

l " n(os s(r %( ral s lla"a-os K+i4as Pri"ariasK. La s(r %( ra !ri"aria> s la "5s soli%i(a-a> 'a B r %ib la "a'or !ar( - la

%ar4a - l n(r !iso> ' la (rans"i( a los a!o'os s an s(os %ol "nas o!ar - s !or(an( s.

Es(r %( ra s % n-aria> s(a s a!o'a sobr la s(r %( ra !ri"aria ' r %ib

" nor %ar4a B la !ri"aria> n al4 nos %asos> % "!l la n%i&n -arras(ra"i n(o - la s(r %( ra !ri"aria> s(as ! - n lla"ars vi4ass % n-arias.

S ! r i%i s(r %( ral> B ! - s r - %ar4a o - r ll no.

S 4Hn la -ir %%i&n - %ar4a> los n(r !isos ! - n s r ni-ir %%ional s 'bi-ir %%ional s

En(r !isos Uni-ir %%ional s: En s( (i!o - n(r !iso la %ar4a s (rans"i( nna -ir %%i&n a%ia los a!o'os 4 n ral" n( son r %(an4 lar s -on- n

la-o "i- !or lo " nos 1.* v % s "5s B l o(ro.

En(&e'i"!" Bi i&e i!n$)e": En s( (i!o - n(r !iso la %ar4a s (rans"i(n -os -ir %%ion s a%ia los a!o'os -on- n la-o "i- 1.* v % s & " nos

B l o(ro."os e!#re$%sos $&ede! c as%'%carse as(: S 4Hn s sis( "a %ons(r %(ivo>s 4Hn la -ir %%i&n - la %ar4a.

S 4Hn s sis( "a %ons(r %(ivo> los n(r !isos ! - n s r "a%i=os & Livianos.

• En(r !isos Ma%i=os:Es( (i!o - n(r !iso s %ara%( ri=a !rin%i!al" n( !or ll var losa - nsa - %on%r (oar"a-o a!o'a-a sobr vi4as - %on%r (o ar"a-o o (a"bi6n n vi4as - a% ro. La losa

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21/42


"a%i=a ! - ( n r s! sor s as(a - 1*%" ' 4 n ral" n( (ili=an -obl "alla -a% ro> na n la !ar( in rior ' o(ra n la !ar( s ! rior.

• En(r !isos Livianos:Es( (i!o - n(r !iso s %ara%( ri=a !or (ili=ar l " n(os livianos !ara r bajar s ! so in%r " n(ar s s! sor ' as9 -arl "a'or ri4i- =.

2.2.> E" $)e&$"

La s%al ra s n l " n(o - %ir% la%i&n v r(i%al B %o" ni%a n niv l %on o(rG n ral" n( na s%al ra s n l " n(o in- ! n-i n( - la s(r %( ra - la

-i i%a%i&n 'a B - s(a or"a lo4ra n " jor %o"!or(a"i n(o s(r %( ral. Las-i" nsion s - na s%al ra - ! n- n - la n%i&n B % "!lan ' - la bi%a%i&n B( n4an. En s( s n(i-o las s%al ras ! - n s(ar bi%a-as al $( rior & in( rior - na

-i i%a%i&n.

Una s%al ra s(5 %o"! s(a !or: ! l-a?os ' s s r s! %(ivos - s%ansos. Ca-a ! l-a?os %o"!on - !aso ' %on(ra!aso ! ral( - l ! l-a?o ' s s -i" nsion s s -is!on-r5ns 4Hn nor"a !ara %a-a (i!o - -i i%a%i&n. Sin "bar4o s s(i! la B !ara lo4rar

r4ono"9a n na s%al ra> l !aso - b ( n r n "9ni"o 2* % n(9" (ros ' l %on(ra!ason "5$i"o - 10 % n(9" (ros. Los - s%ansos B s -is!on-r5n s 4Hn nor"as !or lo

" nos %a-a 1/ !asos> s -i" nsi&n "9ni"a s - 3 % n(9" (ros. Es %onv ni n( -o(ar

a na s%al ra - n !asa"ano %on na al( ra "9ni"a - 3 % n(9" (ros.La or"a - na s%al ra var9a s 4Hn l -is ?o> ' bi%a%i&n r s! %(o al -i i%io ' s(a! - s r r %(an4 lar> n or"a - U> n or"a - L> (rian4 lar> n s!iral & %ara%ol> (%.

Los sis( "as "5s (ili=a-os son:6 Es%al ras - %on%r (o ar"a-o>6 Es%al ras " (5li%as6 Es%al ras - "a- ra.

2.2.? E"(&% (%&$ e (e 6!

Un ( % o s %o"!on - s(r %( ra ' % bi r(a. La s(r %( ra - n ( % o s(5%on or"a-a !or s(r %( ra !ri"aria ' s(r %( ra s % n-aria> s(os l " n(os (i n n la

n%i&n - so!or(ar s !ro!io ! so ' l - la % bi r(a> a- "5s - las r=as $( rnas

!$


22/42


%o"o la - l vi n(o ' %ar4as vivas !or r !ara%ion s> -i% as r=as ! - n 4 n rar - or"a%ion s n los l " n(os s 4Hn la -ir %%i&n n B a%(H la r=a ' !ara so sn % sario B (an(o la s(r %( ra !ri"aria %o"o la s % n-aria s(6n - bi-a" n(a"os(ra-as.La s(r %( ra !ri"aria> s la s(r %( ra B so!or(a> (an(o la s(r %( ra s % n-aria %o"ola % bi r(a ' (rans"i( la %ar4a a las !ar - s - so!or( o a las %ol "nas> La s(r %( ras % n-aria> % "!l la n%i&n - s r l so!or( -on- s ins(ala la % bi r(a> a- "5s -arrios(rar a la s(r %( ra !ri"aria. G n ral" n( s %olo%a a na -is(an%ia "o- lar s 4Hn l "a( rial - la % bi r(a.

El "a( rial %on B s %ons(r ' la s(r %( ra - la % bi r(a ! - s r " (5li%o & -"a- ra ' las s! %i i%a%ion s ' -i" nsion s - ! n- r5n - l -is ?o ' - l (i!o -

% bi r(a.Es as9 B s 4Hn l "a( rial B s a'a !ro! s(o n l -is ?o> $is( na r la%i&n

n(r %laro -is(an%ia n(r a!o'os ' ! ral( - l l " n(o.

La s(r %( ra - l ( % o ! - a!o'ars sobr Par - s !or(an( s & sobr n "&- lo -%ol "nas> ( ni n-o n % n(a B si s a!o'a sobr %ol "nas> ! - o!(ars !or B la

s(r %( ra - l ( % o s a in- ! n-i n( - l r s(o - la -i i%a%i&n> si no s i"!or(an(( n r n % n(a B los l " n(os -on- s a!o'ar5 l ( % o s r4 n - s- las

n-a%ion s ' no n l Hl(i"o niv l.

La or"a - n ( % o s " ' varia-a> ' l l9"i( ! - s r la %r a(ivi-a-> sin "bar4o a%on(in a%i&n s !r s n(an or"as - ( % o -a-as !or la or"a - s s(r %( ra.

2.2.1@E)e*en(!" Ve&(i $)e" Se#%n ! Ni0e) O M "

Los l " n(os v r(i%al s - n s 4 n-o niv l & "5s -i i r n - los - l !ri" r niv lr s! %(o a s n-a%i&n 'a B los - n !ri" r niv l (i n n s bas n la n-a%i&n ' los- los !r&$i"os niv l s (i n n s bas n las vi4as> o s(r %( ra !ri"aria - n n(r !iso>

n (o-o %aso s(os l " n(os ! - n s r - %ar4a o solo - r ll no> son - %ar4a% an-o (i n n B so!or(ar l ! so - n niv l s ! rior al - s(os %o"o ! - s r n

n(r !iso & la s(r %( ra - % bi r(a.

2.2.11 L!"$ A)i#e&$ $

!%


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24/42


La ins(ala%i&n l6%(ri%a s la r - !or " -io - la % al s s "inis(ra a na -i i%a%i&n ll i-o l6%(ri%o. Es - %ir s n %onj n(o - -is!osi(ivos> a%% sorios> %on(rol s ' l " n(os(ili=a-or s - l l i-o l6%(ri%o> in( r%on %(a-os a (rav6s - na r - - %on- %(or s.

Tan(o l -is ?o ' s! %i i%a%ion s - n sis( "a l6%(ri%o %o"o la j % %i&n - l (rabajo%o"! ( a n s! %ialis(a> sin "bar4o s labor - l arB i( %(o !ro!on r la bi%a%i&n -los l " n(os - l sis( "a %o"o son: L "inarias> (o"a%orri n( s los -is!osi(ivos -%on(rol (%. as9 %o"o la bi%a%i&n - los s!a%ios r B ri-os %o"o los - %(os.

El !ro% so> - ins(ala%i&n l6%(ri%a no s j % (a - na sola v => sino B s a% !o(a!as ' n or"a !aral la a o(ros !ro% sos (al s %o"o: l l van(a"i n(o - !ar - s>n(r !isos ' ( % os. En la %ons(r %%i&n - l " n(os - %on%r (o ar"a-o %o"on(r !isos o !ar - s> an( s - la %olo%a%i&n - l %on%r (o - b n %olo%ars los !oli- %(os

' las %ajas !ara l "inarias.• Te 6! : D s! 6s - ins(ala-a la % bi r(a> s !ro% - a la ins(ala%i&n - !oli- %(os

' %ajas !ara l "inarias n l ( % o. El !ro% so %ons(r %(ivo - las ins(ala%ion sl6%(ri%as var9a - a% r-o a la %o"!l ji-a- - la -i i%a%i&n ' - l (i!o - sis( "al6%(ri%o> no obs(an( s ! - n r s "ir n (r s 4ran- s a%(ivi-a- s:

%anali=a%i&n> %abl a-o ' !laB a-o.

• C$n$)i $ i/n: La %anali=a%i&n o ins(ala%i&n - !oli- %(os ' %ajas %on %(aras B

(i n n %o"o n%i&n !ro( 4 r ' alojar a los %abl s %on- %(or s - n r49al6%(ri%a. Es( !ro% so - b r ali=ars - ran( l l van(a"i n(o - !ar - s.

• C$+)e$ !: El %abl a-o> %onsis( n in(ro- %ir los %abl s - l %ir% i(o l6%(ri%o !o" -io - 4 9as - ala"br 4alvani=a-o> s( !ro% so s r ali=a % an-o la

-i i%a%i&n s(a ( % a-a.

• P$ %e$ !: Una v = in(ro- %i-os los %abl s %on- %(or s - n r49a l6%(ri%a> sar"an los (o"a%orri n( s> a!a4a-or s> ' las %ajas (6r"i%as> !ara inal" n(

%olo%ar las !la%as ' r % !(5% los.

2.2.17 In"($)$ i!ne" 5i & %)i $"

Las ins(ala%ion s i-r5 li%as %ons(i( ' n las r - s n na -i i%a%i&n !or " -io - la % als (rans!or(a l a4 a !o(abl r9a o %ali n( > as9 %o"o (a"bi6n son va% a-a a%ia losal%an(arilla-os las a4 as s rvi-as ' las a4 as ll vias.

!,


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El -is ?o ' las s! %i i%a%ion s - las r - s i-r5 li%as son %o"! ( n%ia - ns! %ialis(a> sin "bar4o s labor - l arB i( %(o !ro!on r la bi%a%i&n ' %ara%( r9s(i%as

- los -is(in(os l " n(os ' ar( a%(os - l sis( "a (al s %o"o 4ri os> ar( a%(os sani(arios>" =%la-or s v5lv las (%.

Los "a( rial s "5s (ili=a-os n la %ons(r %%i&n - s(as r - s son l P+C !ara a4 a!o(abl > a4 as n 4ras ' ll vias> ' l CP+C !ara a4 a %ali n(

En n !ri" r niv l> las ( b r9as van n( rra-as a na !ro n-i-a- "9ni"a s! %i i%a-a.Es( !ro% so s %onv ni n( r ali=arlo na v = %on%l i-o l l van(a"i n(o - !ar - s!ara no a(rasar la j % %i&n - s(as. Las ( b r9as - a4 a !o(abl - b r5n ! r"an % r bajo %i r(a !r si&n - ran( l (i "!o s! %i i%a-o> s !or so B an( s - n( rrarlas%o"!l (a" n( - b r5 a%6rs l s !r bas - r" (i%i-a-.

Las ( b r9as - -r naj (rabajan !or 4rav -a- ' !or lo (an(o - b n %ons(r irs n (o-o s(ra' %(o %on na ! n-i n( a%ia los ! n(os - - s%ar4a (an(o n l !ri" r niv l %o"o nlos r %orri-os a lo lar4o - n(r !isos.

En la %ons(r %%i&n - n(r !isos - %on%r (o - b !r v rs la %olo%a%i&n - losa%% sorios o los !asa ( bos B B -ar5n "b bi-os> !r vio al va%ia-o - l %on%r (o.

2.2.18 In"($)$ i!ne" S$ni($&i$"

Las ins(ala%ion s sani(arias %ons(i( ' n las r - s n na -i i%a%i&n !or " -io - la % als (rans!or(a l a4 a !o(abl r9a o %ali n( > as9 %o"o (a"bi6n son va% a-a a%ia losal%an(arilla-os las a4 as s rvi-as ' las a4 as ll vias.

El -is ?o ' las s! %i i%a%ion s - las r - s i-r5 li%as son %o"! ( n%ia - ns! %ialis(a> sin "bar4o s labor - l arB i( %(o !ro!on r la bi%a%i&n ' %ara%( r9s(i%as

- los -is(in(os l " n(os ' ar( a%(os - l sis( "a (al s %o"o 4ri os> ar( a%(os sani(arios>" =%la-or s v5lv las (%.

Los "a( rial s "5s (ili=a-os n la %ons(r %%i&n - s(as r - s son l P+C !ara a4 a!o(abl > a4 as n 4ras ' ll vias> ' l CP+C !ara a4 a %ali n(

!-


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En n !ri" r niv l> las ( b r9as van n( rra-as a na !ro n-i-a- "9ni"a s! %i i%a-a.Es( !ro% so s %onv ni n( r ali=arlo na v = %on%l i-o l l van(a"i n(o - !ar - s!ara no a(rasar la j % %i&n - s(as. Las ( b r9as - a4 a !o(abl - b r5n ! r"an % r bajo %i r(a !r si&n - ran( l (i "!o s! %i i%a-o> s !or so B an( s - n( rrarlas%o"!l (a" n( - b r5 a%6rs l s !r bas - r" (i%i-a-.

Las ( b r9as - -r naj (rabajan !or 4rav -a- ' !or lo (an(o - b n %ons(r irs n (o-o s(ra' %(o %on na ! n-i n( a%ia los ! n(os - - s%ar4a (an(o n l !ri" r niv l %o"o nlos r %orri-os a lo lar4o - n(r !isos.

En la %ons(r %%i&n - n(r !isos - %on%r (o - b !r v rs la %olo%a%i&n - losa%% sorios o los !asa ( bos B B -ar5n "b bi-os> !r vio al va%ia-o - l %on%r (o.

2.2.19 P%e&($" Y Ven($n$"

El !ro' %(is(a - b s! %i i%ar n los !lanos !or " -io - s9"bolos (o-os los (i!os -! r(as ' v n(anas> - (allarlos n n % a-ro. En s( %aso nosolo s - (alla l "a( rial- l l " n(o sino (a"bi6n (o-as s s -i" nsion s.

2.2.1< A $+$ !"

Los a%aba-os son l %o"!l " n(o - la obra 4ris> s - %ir no son !ar( - la s(r %( ra! ro si % "!l n i"!or(an( s n%ion s %o"o i"! r" abili=ar> aislar ' !ro( 4 r - l %li"a.

El !ro' %(is(a - b s! %i i%ar l (i!o - "a( rial a (ili=ar n (o-os a%aba-os> (an(o!ara in( rior s %o"o !ara $( rior s. D (allan a%aba-os !ara: !ar - s> !isos> ' %i los.En los !lanos arB i( %(&ni%os s -onsi"boli=an (o-os los (i!os a%aba-os> ' - (allan

n % a-ro.

!


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C$'-(%)! III: DESARROLLO DE LA INVESTIGACION

1. Carac#er(s#%cas de a o)ra

1.1. U+i $ i/n

La obra l 4i-a !ara r ali=ar la a!li%a%i&n - los ( "as - s( % rso a si-o

la %ons(r %%i&n - na vivi n-a - * !isos> B s(5 bi%a-a n la Urbani=a%i&n3# - O%( br > Man=ana F > Lo( F, -is(ri(o - C i%la'o> !rovin%ia - C i%la'o

n l - !ar(a" n(o - La"ba' B .

!/


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1.2. Lin e&!" ; 'e&-*e(&!

La vivi n-a (i n los si4 i n( s lin- ros:

• Por l r n( : Con l Pasaj FEl +all > %on 13 "l.

• Por la - r % a: n(ran-o> %on !ro!i -a- - ( r% ros %on 1, "l.

• Por la i=B i r-a: n(ran-o> %on !ro!i -a- - ( r% ros %on 1, "l.

• Por l on-o: %on !ro!i -a- - ( r% ros> %on 13 "l.

• Un ! r9" (ro - *2 ">

1.7. &e$"

El ( rr no (i n or"a r 4 lar - n r %(5n4 lo %on n 5r a (o(al %ons(r i-a- 1,3 " 2 ' n 5r a libr - #) " 2. El !ro!i (ario - la vivi n-a s Mi4 l +6l =.

Es( !ro' %(o %ons(a - -os niv l s a=o( a> ' s(5 %ons(r i-o %on "a( rialnobl > %onsi- ran-o las si4 i n( s 5r as:

• r a %ons(r i-a 1 !iso: 1##.33 "2• r a %ons(r i-a 2 !iso: 11 .*.33 "2• r a %ons(r i-a # !iso: 11 .*.33 "2• r a %ons(r i-a ) !iso: 11 .*.33 "2• r a %ons(r i-a * !iso: 11 .*.33 "2

A %on(in a%i&n - s%ribi"os los a"bi n( s %onsi- ra-os - n(ro - l !ro' %(o:

PRIMER NI+EL: Sala %o" -or> %o%ina> (r s -or"i(orios> -os ba?os> n" -io ba?o> -os !a(ios> %o% ra ' s%al ra - a%% so.

SEGUNDO AL -osba?os ' n " -io ba?o.

1.8. Ti'! e E"(&% (%&$

El (i!o - s(r %( ra - s(a vivi n-a s "i$(a> % n(a %on " ros - %ar4a -"a"!os( r9a> %on %ol "nas - %on%r (o ar"a-o.

Las s(r %( ras (ra-i%ional s> los %on% !(os ' no%ion s a% r%a - la -i r n%ia - l4ra-o - las(i%i-a- - los "a( rial s a' -an a %o"!r n- r la ra=&n - s(as

!3


29/42


s(r %( ras. En l %aso - s(r %( ras !lanas> al !asar - %i r(as -i" nsion s> sonan(i %on&"i%as ' " ' ! sa-as.

Mi n(ras B las Es(r %( ras - %on%r (o ar"a-o (i n n 4ran a!li%a%i&n n la%ons(r %%i&n> - bi-o a las v n(ajas si4 i n( s:

a Vaja %os(ob @a%ili-a- - j % %i&n> in%l so !or "ano - obra no %ali i%a-a ni s! %iali=a-a.% @a%ili-a- - -is ?o - or"as " -ian( l "ol- o.

1.9. Si"(e*$ e"(&% (%&$)

Los sis( "as s(r %( ras son sis( "as - no o varios l " n(os> -is! s(os - (alor"a B (an(o la s(r %( ra (o(al %o"o %a-a no - s s %o"!on n( > s an %a!a% s -

"an( n rs sin %a"bios a!r %iabl s n s 4 o" (r9a - ran( la %ar4a ' - s%ar4a.

El sis( "a s(r %( ra - la obra s "i$(o o - al> 'a B !r s n(a %o"o sis( "ar sis( n( na %o"bina%i&n - "ar%os -H%(il s - %on%r (o o a% ro %on " ros - %or( n%on%r (o ' o "a"!os( r9a. Con s( sis( "a s !osibl ob( n r na s(r %( ra in( r" -ia

n % an(o a l $ibili-a- ' - %(ili-a- n %o"!ara%i&n %on los o(ros sis( "as. En o(ras!alabras s B s(os l " n(os (rabajan a l $i&n> %or( ' %o"!r si&n> (al s %o"o los" ros> %ol "nas> vi4as.

Para los l " n(os - %on%r (o n s(a %ons(r %%i&n l va%ia-o - l " n(os -

or"a "an al> s "!l & n (ro"!o %on %a!a%i-a- - !#

. 8 !os( rior" n( la%o"!a%(a%i&n %on n vibra-or - W 7P.

1.*.1. E e+e!#os es#r&c#&ra es: C!)%*n$"

Las %ol "nas ron -is ?a-as %on n X% - 213 4 %"2. Es(as %ol "nas (i n nna -i" nsi&n - #3$#3 %"> #3$)3%"> #3$*3%"> #3$,*%"> 23$1#3%" ' - 23$0*%" n

s(as %ol "nas s s& n a4r 4a-o 4r so %on (a"a?o "5$i"o no"inal - 11

2” >

% " n(o TIPO MS> los s(ribos - # 0 ' l a% ro - r r=o %orr 4a-o - 1 . El ala"br- a"arr s l Y 1,.

!4


30/42


La !r !ara%i&n !ara la %olo%a%i&n - l l " n(o s %o" n=& %on l a"arr - la% ro> ' a la ora - la %olo%a%i&n s ( vo n % n(a la v r(i%ali-a- - la %ol "na

(ili=an-o na !lo"a-a - "ano. D s! 6s s %on(in & a n%o rar l l " n(o.

Ci*ien(!" ; "!+&e i*ien(!"Los %i"i n(os ' sobr %i"i n(os ron -is ?a-os %on n X% - 213 4 %"2> la-osi i%a%i&n !ara la %i" n(a%i&n - %on%r (o si"!l 1:0 #3J PM s(os va%ia-os son%on(in o ' n 4ran- s (ra"os !or l % al s ( vo a bi n soli%i(ar abas( % -or - %on%r (o%on "i$ r.

− Sobrecimientoarmado : f ' c= 175 kgc m

2

− Concretoen zapatas = f ' c= 210 kgcm

2

− Concretoen vigas decimentación = f ' c= 210 kgcm

2

− Concretoencolumnas cisterna = f ' c= 210 kgc m

2

− Concretoen vigas. Losas y escaleras = f ' c= 210 kgc m

2

− Concretoencolumnas = f ' c= 175 kgc m

2

− Acero derefurerzo = f ' c= 4200 kgc m

2

El %i"i n(o %ons(a - a% ro lon4i( -inal %on % a(ro varillas - 1 ' a% ro (ransv rsalor"a-o !or varillas - # 0 .

L!"$ $)i#e&$ $Es - %on%r (o ar"a-o ' - s! sor - 23 %". Cons(a - varillas - 1 ' # 0 . El

% " n(o sa-o n la losa TIPO MS.

1.


31/42


S !o-r5 "!l ar % " n(o Por(lan- (i!o I> ' !ara la %i" n(a%i&n s r5 l - l (i!o MS%on(ra la " -a- ' l sali(r . El % " n(o sa-o % "!lir5 %on las Nor"as ASTM C 1*3 'los r B isi(os - las s! %i i%a%ion s ITINTEC ! r(in n( s.

A#%$D b r5 s r a4 a !o(abl > li"!ia ' libr - s s(an%ias ! rj -i%ial s> (al s %o"o a% i( s>5l%alis> sal s> "a( rial s or45ni%os o(ras s s(an%ias B ! - n ! rj -i%ar al %on%r (o oal a% ro.

A#&e#$ !"

Los a4r 4a-os - b r5n % "!lir %on las KEs! %i i%a%ion s - A4r 4a-os !ara Con%r (oKITINTEC )33.3#/ ' ASTM C ##> $% !(o los a4r 4a-os B a nB no % "!lan %on

6s(as> a'an - "os(ra-o !or s rvi%ios o !or !r bas s! %ial s B !ro- % n n%on%r (o - r sis( n%ia ' - rabili-a- a-6% al s.

El (a"a?o "5$i"o - los a4r 4a-os no - b r5 s r "a'or B :

1 * La " nor -i" nsi&n n(r las %aras - las or"as n%o ra-os .1 # la al( ra - la losa# ) - l s!a%ia"i n(o "9ni"o n(r varillas in-ivi- al s - r r=o & !aB ( s -

barras.

A#&e#$ ! Fin!: EI a4r 4a-o @ino s r5 ar na na( ral li"!ia> - 4rano r sis( n( '- ro. La "a( ria or45ni%a s %on(rolar5 !or l "6(o-o ASTM C 1/.

A#&e#$ ! #&%e"!:El a4r 4a-o 4r so s r5 4rava o !i -ra> 'a s a n s s(a-ona( ral> (ri( ra-a o !ar(i-a - 4rano %o"!a%(o ' - %ali-a- - ra.

D b s r li"!io> libr - !olvo> "a( ria or45ni%a> 4r -a o(ras s s(an%ias ! rj -i%ial s.

5!&*i#/n. Es na " =%la ni or" - a4r 4a-o @ino ' A4r 4a-o 4r so.

D b r5 s r bi n 4ra- a-o n(r las "allas 133 ' la "alla 2 ' li"!io - "a( rial sor45ni%as o(ras s s(an%ias ! rj -i%ial s.

A e&! e 1 E"(&i+!" e 7 > L$ &i))!" '$n e&e($ e 1> 6%e !"

,$


32/42


A +ace!a+%e!#o de os +a#er%a es:S - b r5 (ili=ar n l 4ar a- % a-o sin B s(-i i% l( la labor - los %ons(r %(or s.

A +ace!a+%e!#o de ce+e!#o: El % " n(o s al"a% nar5 n (al or"a B no s a

! rj -i%a-o o - ( riora-o !or l %li"a> " -a-> a4 a> ll via o(ros a4 n( s $( rior s.

S % i-ar5 n l % " n(o al"a% na-o n bolsas no s(6 n %on(a%(o %on> la " -a- - ls lo o l a4 a libr B ! - %orr r !or l s lo.

A +ace!a+%e!#o de agregados: Los a4r 4a-os - b r5n s r al"a% na-os o a!ila-os n(al or"a B s !r v n4a na s 4r 4a%i&n s !ara%i&n - las !ar( s 4r sas - las

inas o " =%la %on a4r 4a-os - o(ras -i" nsion s.

1.=. EHUIPO UTILI ADO Ni0e) e $i&e ! e +%&+% $:Ins(r " n(o (ili=a-o !ara - ( r"inar l niv l

ori=on(al" n( n(r -os o "5s ! n(os !r&$i"os. B$ i)e !:Es!5( la " (5li%a o - "a- ra sa-a !ara s!ar%ir l "or( ro sobr las

ila-as - la-rillo o n los a%aba-os - s ! r i%i . C!& e):7ilo 4r so (ili=a-o !ara niv lar. P)!*$ $: 7 rra"i n(a (ili=a-a !ara - ( r"inar la v r(i%ali-a-. S %o"!on - n

! so - or"a %&ni%a> s s! n-i-o !or n ilo. Pi !($: Pi%o ! B ?o sa-o !ara !ar(ir la-rillos. Un la-o sirv !ara "ar%ar ' l

o(ro !ara %or(ar. An $*i!: Es(r %( ra " (5li%a o - "a- ra B ! r"i( (rabajar n al( ra. E" $n(i))/n: R 4la %on s!a%ios - "ar%a-os !ara %on(rolar la al( ra

la-rillo "or( ro !or ila-a. E" %$ &$: P - s r " (5li%a o - "a- ra nsa"bla-os a 3 ' "an( ni n-o s

!osi%i&n !or o(ro lis(&n P%n($) ! A&&i!"(&e:El " n(o - r r=o ori=on(al ' v r(i%al % 'a n%i&n s

!rov r s(abili-a- ' r sis( n%ia al " ro n la -ir %%i&n ! r! n-i% lar - ran( s%ons(r %%i&n

Te! !)i(!: EB i!o (o!o4r5 i%o B s sa !ara " -ir niv l s ' 5n4 los v r(i%al s

' ori=on(al s - s- n ! n(o - r r n%ia. B$(e$: Con( n -or -on- la " =%la - a4r 4a-os son %olo%a-os !ara 4 n rar l

"or( ro.

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O#ros:

• M =%la-ora j in%lina-o - !i #• +ibra-or " %5ni%o - ) 7P• Val- s !l5s(i%os - 23l(• Palana• Pi%o• Cilin-ros M (5li%os• Man4 ra• Zin% a• 8 so• Mar(illo• Tor(ol• S rr % o• V 4 is• Va( a " (5li%a• Caball (• R 4la - "a- ra

,!


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,,


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2. CONTRO" DE OBRA

2.1. In"($)$ i/n e) $)*$ 4nEl "a s(ro - obra ins(al& n al"a%6n - "a( rial s ' B i!os> 4 ar-arro!a 'Va?o. Al (6r"ino - la obra> s %( ar5 l - sar" ' r (iro - las ins(ala%ion s!rovisorias.

2.2. Re e' i/n ; )i*'ie $ e) (e&&en!:El "a s(ro - obra no r %ibi& l ( rr no li"!io. E$is(9a v 4 (a%i&n ' - s! r-i%ios!ro- %(o - l - s% i-o.

2.7. E*'$)*e" e E)e (&i i $ ; A#%$ P!($+)e:

S abas( %i ron - los s rvi%ios !Hbli%os ins(ala-os n l lo( .

2.8. Re')$n(e! T&$ $ !" ; Ni0e)e":

Pr vio al ini%io - las obras> s i=o n r !lan( o.

2.9. E $0$ i!ne" e $n $":S j % (aron a "ano a na !ro n-i-a- - 2.33"(s. S ( vo n al%an%a!ro$i"a-o B la !r s n%ia - niv l r 5(i%o s n%on(rar9a a #.33 "(s.

2. ( vo n s! sor 23%".

2.=. Ci*ien(!" e C!n &e(! Si*')eLl varon %i"i n(os - %on%r (o si"!l los " ros ' 4ra-as B s a!o'aron sobr

l ( rr no ' s r5n - Con%r (o 1:0 C " n(o or"i4&n %on #3J - !i -ra4ran- > -osi i%a%i&n B - b r5 r s! (ars . Es(os no a(rav sar5n las %ol "nas!ara los % al s s - b - jar j n(as - 1

El ba(i-o - 6s(os "a( rial s s i=o (ili=an-o " =%la-ora " %5ni%a>%( 5n-os s(as o! ra%ion s !or lo "9ni"o - ran( )* "in !or %ar4a.

S "!l & a4 a !o(abl > s " - %i& la =anja an( s - ll nar los %i"i n(os 'no s %olo%& !i -ras sin an( s ab r - !osi(a-o na %a!a - 13 %" - s! sor.

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2.>. S!+&e i*ien(!"Ll varon Sobr %i"i n(os (o-os los " ros - l Pri" r Niv l si n-o l-i" nsiona"i n(o l s! %i i%a-o n los !lanos r s! %(ivos. El n%o ra-o s( vo

n &!(i"as %on-i%ion s 4aran(i=an-o alin a"i n(o> i-6n(i%as s %%ion s n(ro(ros. S - s n%o ro a los ) -9as. L 4o - l ra4 a-o ini%ial s % r& l %on%r (o%on a4 a !o(abl - ran( * -9as.

2.?. Vi#$" e Ci*en($ i/n.Las vi4as - %i" n(a%i&n s a"arraron a las %ol "nas ' n l !ro% -i"i n(o -%ons(r %%i&n> - s- l n%o ra-o> l % ra-o i-6n(i%o al - las vi4as> - jaron %". n(r la %ara $! s(a - l %on%r (o ' la ar"a- ra - la vi4a.

El X% s r5: 213 [4 %"2. S 4Hn in-iB n n los !lanos r s! %(ivos ' l @' \ )>233[4 %"2

2.,.1. Co!cre#o +e-c ado e! o)ra

El %on%r (o " =%la-o n obra s %( a-o n n (ro"!o " =%la-or - !i s%Hbi%o> (a"bi6n s i=o " =%la-o "an al !ara !ar( - la -i i%a%i&n B no son

s(r %( ral s %o"o l "or( ro.En la " =%la-ora s !r !araron los %on%r (os !ara los -i r n( s l " n(os

s(r %( ral s> %on r sis( n%ias a la %o"!r si&n - 213 4 %"2.

Ta"bi6n s !r s n%i& l abas( %i"i n(o - %on%r (o !r " =%la-o %on Mi$ r!or ( n r B va%iar 5r as a"!lias.

2.,.2. Tra!s$or#e de Co!cre#o

El %on%r (o s (rans!or(a-o !or -i r n( s rra"i n(as %o"o lo son %arr (illas!ara losas ' bal- s !ara s va%ia-o n %ol "nas. En s(a obra> l (rans!or( asi-o n (ra"o ! B ?o 'a B la labora%i&n - la " =%la s(aba bi n % r%a -la obra> " jor -i% o a s %os(a-o.

2.,.3. Co ocac% !La %olo%a%i&n s %(Ha ( ni n-o n % n(a la al( ra - va%ia-o - la " =%la

D s! 6s - s(o> s vibra-o !or l "a s(ro - obra.• El vibra-o s r ali=& !or %a!as !ara lo4rar na " jor ! n (ra%i&n '

%o"!a%(a%i&n !ara %o" n=ar %on l ll na-o - na n va %a!a an( s

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s - bi& v ri i%ar B la %a!a in rior a'a si-o %o"!l (a" n(vibra-a.

• El B i!o (ili=a-o n la vibra%i&n a si-o vibra-or in( rno !ara lo4ran

na " jor %o"!a%(a%i&n - l "is"o ' B s( lo4r ll 4ar %on "5si%i n%ia a (o-a la "asa - %on%r (o.

2.,./. C&rado

El % ra-o - las s(r %( ras s r ali=a-o " -ian( n ro%ia-o - a4 a%on(in o> - ran( 2 oras !or / -9as

2.,.*. E!co'rado 0 dese!co'rado

Las or"as no - b r5n B i(ars as(a B l %on%r (o s a'a n- r %i-os i%i n( " n( %o"o !ara so!or(ar %on s 4 ri-a- s !ro!io ! so ' los ! soss ! r! s(os sobr l l " n(o> n s(a %ons(r %%i&n solo s s& n%o ra-os -"a- ra.

2.,. . Co!#ro de ca %dad

No $is(

2.1@. M$(e&i$)e" %(i)i $ !"

2.1 .1.Ce+e!#o.S sar5 C " n(o Por(lan- MS an(isali(r !ara las %i" n(a%ion s

Al"a% na-o n !ilas - as(a 13 bolsas ' !ro( 4i-os !or n !l5s(i%o n lal"a%6n r s! %(ivo.

2.1 .2.Ag&aEl a4 a - l% > li"!ia ' !o(abl > libr - s s(an%ias ! rj -i%ial s %o"o la% i( > 5%i-os> 5l%alis> sal s> "a( rial s or45ni%os o(ras s s(an%ias B ! -an! rj -i%ar o al( rar l %o"!or(a"i n(o i%i n( - l %on%r (o> a% ro ' o(ros>(a"!o%o - b r5 ( n r !ar(9% las - %arb&n " s ni ibras v 4 (al s.

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2.1 .3.AgregadosLos a4r 4a-os a sars son: @ino ar na ' Gr so !i -ra !ar(i-a a"bos%onsi- ra-os %o"o in4r -i n( s s !ara-os - l %on%r (o.

2.1 ./.AceroLas varillas - a% ro - r r=o> ala"br > ! r il s ' !lan% as - a% ro sal"a% naron n n l 4ar s %o> aisla-o ' !ro( 4i-o - la " -a-> (i rra> sal s>a% i( s o 4rasas.

2.11. A)+$,i)e&-$Co"!r n- la %ons(r %%i&n - " ros> (abiB s ' !ara! (os n "a"!os( r9a -la-rillo - ar%illa & s 4Hn s! %i iB n los !lanos.

2.11.1. !%dad de A )a4% er(aLa ni-a- - alba?il r9a no ( n-r5 "a( rias $(ra?as n s s ! r i%i o in( rior>no !r s n(ar5 - %(os 9si%os - !r s n(a%i&n> %o%i-o ni or" > a%aba-o '-i" nsion s $a%(as> ( n-r5 n %olor ni or" > a%aba-o ' -i" nsion s $a%(as>( n-r5 n %olor ni or" ' no !r s n(ar5 vi(ri i%a%ion s. Al s r 4ol! a-a %on n"ar(illo obj (o si"ilar !ro- %ir5 n soni-o " (5li%o. El % al ll vara 32 ala"br sN 0 %orri-os %a-a # ila-as.

No ( n-r5 r sB braja- ras> ra%( ras> n-i- ras> 4ri (as o(ros - %(ossi"ilar s B - 4ra- n s - rabili-a- ' o r sis( n%ia.

No !r s n(ar5 "an% as blanB %inas - ori4 n sali(roso o(ro.

T n-r5 na r sis( n%ia "9ni"a a la %o"!r si&n - 1#3 [4 %"] ' - )3 & )*[4 %"] !ara la (ra%%i&n> - a% r-o a lo in-i%a-o n los !lanos - ( n r ! r ora%ion s s a% !(ar5 as(a n "5$i"o - l 2*J> %on na s ! r i%i

o"o46n a - 4rano ni or" %on s ! r i%i - asi n(o r 4osa ' 5s! ra> -%olor rojo a"arill n(o ni or" inal( rabl !ara l la-rillo - ar%illa.

2.11.2. Mor#eroS (ili=ar5 !ara s !r !ara%i&n a4lo" ran( C " n(o Por(lan- ' a4r 4a-o

ar na na( ral libr - "a( ria or45ni%a> M&- lo - @in =a - 1., a 2.* > a los% al s s l s a-i%ionar5 la %an(i-a- - a4 a s i%i n( !ara a% r la " =%la(rabajabl .

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Re !*en $ i!ne"

• S - b ( n r "a'or % i-a-o n l !ro% so - " =%la-o> (rans!or( > %olo%a%i&n '

%o"!a%(a%i&n - l %on%r (o -a-o B in l ' n s %ali-a-.• La %o"!a%(a%i&n - las %ol "nas r ali=a-o !or %a!as %a-a " (ro> san-o la

(6%ni%a - % % o %on na varilla - * 0 > s( "6(o-o no s l "5s r %o" n-abl! s(o B $is( la !osibili-a- - s 4r 4ar al %on%r (o ' !ro- %ir %an4r j ras.

• Da-o B los a4r 4a-os s $(ra n - %an( ra> s - b r9a ( n r s! %ial % i-a-o

n s li"!i =a ' l %on(rol - %ali-a- - s( .• La s 4 ri-a- - l ! rsonal - (rabajo s n a%(or i"!or(an(9si"o B - b ( n rs

n % n(a n l (rabajo - obra> - b v ri i%ars %ons(an( " n( B los(rabaja-or s s n %as%o> bo(as> arn6s> (%.

• Da-o B > n la obra l n%ar4a-o no n !ro sional> l "a s(ro - obra no%on(o %on las !asos - n !ro% so %ons(r %(ivo %o"o n %rono4ra"a> n!r s ! s(o.

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CONCLUSIONES• S ll 4& a la %on%l si&n - B no s a (ili=a-o n sis( "a i%i n( !ara !o- r

"ini"i=ar o a orrar (i "!o ' -in ro.• Para los obr ros> no s obs rv& la s 4 ri-a-.• S ! -o v r B la obra s(5 a(rasa-a !or al(a - !r s ! s(o.• Por lo B s obs rv& no $is(i& n !lan a"i n(o !ara s( !ro% -i"i n(o 'a B

n l - sarrollo - la !ar(i-a s ron %orri4i n-o los rror s.• S 4Hn l RNE:• FTo-as las (a!as - l !ro' %(o s(r %( ral> %ons(r %%i&n> s ! rvisi&n ins! %%i&

- la obra - b r5n s r r ali=a-as !or ! rsonal !ro sional ' (6%ni%o %ali i%a-o7 Los a4r 4a-os s n% n(ran libr - !ar(9% las s%a"osas> "a( ria

or45ni%a o(ras s s(an%ias -a?inas.7 El B i!o - " =%la-o no s n%on(raba li"!io> ( nia a% " la%ion s -

%on%r (o n- r %i-o B in( r r9an n la - s%ar4a - l %on%r (o r s%o.7 El " =%la-o no s %( & - ran( 3 s 4 n-os. El (i "!o - ,3s ' no

$is(i& nin4Hn nsa'o B - " s(r B s( (i "!o " nor ssa(is a%(orio nsa'os - ni or"i-a- - " =%la-o> s 4Hn Ŝ andardS#e%i$i%a ion $or Ready(Mi)ed Con%re e‖ *ASTM C +,M-.

7 En l a4 a no s r s! (& n la -osi i%a%i&n ' s %olo%aba s 4Hn l %ri( rio- l o! ra-or.

7 No $is( S ! rvisi&n.

R s! %(o al va%ia-o - %on%r (o n =a!a(as s r s! (& ! s _ - 1.* "

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