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16-10-14 TT 146 NOV 2014 CUB_81027 TT- CUBIERTA fabril N107 21/10/14 11:38 Página 1

POLONIA, RUSIA, ALEMANIA, EE.UU., INDIA, CHINA, BRASIL

www.secowarwick.com

Representantes Independientes de Productores

Estamos buscando representantes para vender equipamiento de tratamientos térmicos en todo el

mundo. Las empresas candidatas deberían tener por lo menos 5 años de experiencia y el

conocimiento de los procesos de los tratamientos térmicos.

Las condiciones de cada contrato del representante se negociarán caso por caso. Se

considerarán solamente a los candidatos serios, con experiencia, o actualmente involucrados en

venta de los productos relacionados con el tratamiento térmico, como aleaciones, elementos

térmicos, combustión u otros suministros de mantenimiento.

Los candidatos interesados pueden enviar su resumen, curriculum o el perfil de la empresa a

[email protected]


POLONIA, RUSIA, ALEMANIA, EE.UU., INDIA, CHINA, BRASIL

www.secowarwick.com

Representantes Independientes de Productores

Estamos buscando representantes para vender equipamiento de tratamientos térmicos en todo el

mundo. Las empresas candidatas deberían tener por lo menos 5 años de experiencia y el

conocimiento de los procesos de los tratamientos térmicos.

Las condiciones de cada contrato del representante se negociarán caso por caso. Se

considerarán solamente a los candidatos serios, con experiencia, o actualmente involucrados en

venta de los productos relacionados con el tratamiento térmico, como aleaciones, elementos

térmicos, combustión u otros suministros de mantenimiento.

Los candidatos interesados pueden enviar su resumen, curriculum o el perfil de la empresa a

[email protected]


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NOVIEMBRE 2014 - N.º 146

AlbertDirector

David VarelaPublicidad

PabloAdministración

José María Palacios1991-2008RedacciónCOLABORADOR

Juan Martínez Arcas

MAQUETACIÓNPreiser Preimpresión

IMPRESIÓNEdén Artes Gráficas, S.L.

Depósito legal: M. 11.224-1991ISSN: 1132 - 0346

Pág.

EDITORIAL ......................................................................... 2

LAS INFORMACIONES ..................................................... 4

ARTÍCULOS

Nefur Plus ................................................................................................. 11

Motor de innovación en la India

Nirmalya Kumar ................................................................................ 13

La columna de Juan Martínez Arcas.......................................................... 14

Productos refractarios para la industria S.A. de C.V. ................................ 15

ENGLISH NEWS .................................................................. 17

EMPLEO - SEGUNDAMANO ............................................ 35

GUÍA ...................................................................................... 38

SERVICIO LECTOR ........................................................... 40

EDITACAPITOLE PRESS

DISEÑOLyPr

TRATAMIENTOS TÉRMICOS aparece seis veces al año. Los au-tores son los únicos responsables de las opiniones y conceptos porellos emitidos. Queda prohibida la reproducción total o parcial decualquier texto o artículos de TRATAMIENTOS TÉRMICOS sin pre-vio acuerdo con la revista.

Calle Cid, 3, 2a - E 28001 MADRIDTel. 91 576 56 09

[email protected]

16-10 14 TT 146 NOV 2014_80378 TT-FEBRERO 08 n106 21/10/14 9:25 Página 1

Dar a conocer las ventajas desus técnicas es indispensableal nivel nacional e internacio-nal.

1. La Jornada TRATAMIEN-TOS TERMICOS de India el 5

de Noviembre. Indispensable estar presente en un paísde 1.300.000 personas y crecimiento del más del 6%.Con precio de 390 euros par un stand, es una excelenteoportunidad.

2. La Jornada TRATAMIENTOS TERMICOS de Chicagoel 13 de mayo 2015 es una oportunidad para aumentarsus contactos en EEUU.

3. La Jornada TRATAMIENTOS TERMICOS en Queré-taro, la zona más importante de inversión en México, esuna oportunidad Única para conseguir contactos el 27de Mayo 2015.

Y después de verrano, viene la Jornada TRATAMIENTOSTERMICOS de Bilbao, el 16 de Septiembre 2015, que serepite cada año, también es una excelente oportunidadde contactos.En Octubre viene un congreso muy importante de Trata-mientos Térmicos en São Paulo.Informaciones en:http://metalspain.com/jornada.htm Gracias a su excelente difusión nacional e internacional,la revista TRATAMIENTOS TERMICOS puede reunir alos profesionales y organizar estas jornadas, junto con larevista FUNDIDORES(http://metalspain.com/FUNDIDORES-FUNDICION.html)para que los profesionales más dinámicos puedan obte-ner nuevos contactos.Nos vemos en Bilbao, Querétaro, Chicago, São Paulo eIndia.

La Redacción

EDITORIAL

MUY INTERESANTES JORNADAS TRATAMIENTOS TERMICOSA NIVEL NACIONAL E INTERNACIONAL



TT. INFORMACIONES

CONGRESO TRATAMIENTOSTERMICOS DE INDIA:5 DE NOVIEMBRE 2014, PUNE

Excelente programa que incluye aALD, EBNER, ECM, SMS ELOTHERM,MORGAN, OERLIKON LEYBOLDVACUUM, SCHUNK…y numerosasempresas de India, China etc. que sevan a encontrar en el HYATT RE-GENCY ***** en Pune.

Pune es el centro líder para el sectordel automóvil en la India: TATA Mo-tors, LAND ROVER, Bajaj Auto, ForceMotors, General Motors, Volskwagen,Mahindra & Mahindra Volkswagen,MERCEDES-BENZ, FIAT, JCB, MOTO-RES CUMMINS, HYUNDAU,HONDA, TOYOTA, BOSCH y muchomás OEM.

Por supuesto, hay aeropuerto interna-cional en Pune.

Ver programa en la parte en inglés dela revista y en:http://metalspain.com/india.html

India es 1.300.000 personas. Con sutasa media anual de crecimiento delPIB del 5,8% en las últimas dos déca-das, y alcanzando el 6,1% en 2011-12, la India es una de las economíasde más rápido crecimiento delmundo.

-Stand 390 euros.

-Registrase 95(incluye Lunch, coffee/tea break, do-cumentos)

[email protected]://metalspain.com/india.html

Servicio Lector 1

HORNOS DE TRATAMIENTOSTERMICOS DE CHINA –PRESENTES CON STAND EN ELCONGRESO DE INDIA

Servicio Lector 2

JORNADA MÉXICO

La jornada de Querétaro 2014, se fun-damenta en la aportación de SOLU-CIONES CONCRETAS a las preguntasque se plantea hoy en día la industriade los Tratamientos Térmicos, tanto anivel de las propias empresas del sec-tor como de las secciones de trata-mientos térmicos de las empresas : in-dustriás del automóvil, aeronáuticas,eólicas, ferrocariles, fundiciones, mol-des, forjas...

Presencia con un espacio dePromoción

Es interesante aprovechar esta JornadaTécnica para presentar sus solucionesen un “mini-stand”.

Mesa, 3 sillas, puede exponer sus Pos-ters Precio: $ 6,707 MN, US$ 523,99o 399 euros

Asistir:

La Jornada incluye conferencias (20minutos cada conferencia y 10 mi-nutos para preguntas ) ,Café, a l -

muerzo, distribución de las ponen-cias, distribuciónde la revista TRA-TAMIENTOS TERMICOS publicadapara el evento.

Por persona: $ 1,933 MN, US$ 151 o115 euros

Se puede pagar con tarjeta, Paypal otransferencia bancaria en euros oUS$.

http://metalspain.com/paypal-mexico.html

27 de Mayo 2015,Que ré t a ro ME -XICO.

Información:http://metalspain.com/mexico.htm

[email protected]

Servicio Lector 3

SAJJAN ES UN PROVEEDORDE INDIA, ESPECIALIZADO ENCANASTAS

Tiene stand en la Jornada de India.

Servicio Lector 4

4 TRATAMIENTOS TERMICOS. NOVIEMBRE 2014



TT. INFORMACIONES

1000 MILLONES: INVERSIONAUTOMOVIL EN MEXICO

Daimler yR e n a u l tNissan vana invertir1000 millo-nes eurospara desa-rrollar autospequeños y

construir una fábrica en México.

Las empresas, que compartirán loscostos de la empresa, dijeron que seconstruirá una nueva planta con una

capacidad de producción de 300.000vehículos en Aguascalientes, México,donde Nissan ya tiene una fábrica.

Servicio Lector 5

BMW INVIERTE 1 BILLONDOLARES EN MEXICO

BMW Group invertirá 1 billón dólaresen los próximos años para construir

una nuevaplanta en Mé-xico en Queré-taro, en lasproximidadesde la ciudad deSan Luis Po-tosí. La pro-

ducción está programada para comen-zar en el año 2019 con 1.500 perso-nas y capacidad de 150.000 unidadesanuales.

Servicio Lector 6

UN ANO MAS, LA ESTRATEGIADE SOSTENIBILIDAD DE AIRPRODUCTS ES RECONOCIDAEN EL ÍNDICE DOW JONES DESOSTENIBILIDAD Y EN ELÍNDICE DEL PROYECTO PARALA DIVULGACION DELCARBONO

El grupo Air Products, empresa matrizde Carburos Metálicos, ha visto denuevo reconocida su labor en el ám-bito de la sostenibilidad y el compro-miso con el medioambiente al verseincluida en el Índice Mundial Dow Jo-nes de Sostenibilidad 2014/2015. Estehecho destaca el importante papelque tiene la aplicación de su estrategiade sostenibilidad a nivel corporativo yreafirma la posición de Air Productscomo una de las principales empresasde su sector que destacan en estecampo.

Sobre Air Products

Air Products suministra gases atmos-féricos, procesados y especiales; ma-teriales de alto rendimiento; equipa-miento y tecnología. Durante más de70 años, la compañía ha permitido asus clientes ser más productivos, efi-cientes y sostenibles. Reconocidacomo una de las empresas más inno-vadoras del mundo por Thomson




TT. INFORMACIONES

Reuters y la revista Forbes, 21.000empleados en más de 50 países sumi-nistran soluciones innovadoras enenergía, medioambiente y mercadosemergentes. Esto incluye materialessemiconductores, refinerías de hidró-geno, gasificación de carbón, licue-facción de gas natural, recubrimien-tos avanzados y adhesivos. En el añofiscal 2013, Air Products obtuvo unosingresos de 10.200 millones de dóla-res.

Sobre Carburos Metálicos

Carburos Metálicos es una compañíalíder en el sector de gases industrialesy medicinales que produce, distribuyey vende gases para múltiples sectores:

metalurgia, vidrio, aguas, alimenta-ción, medicinal, energía, petroquí-mica, laboratorios, congelación, refri-geración, enología, ocio y bebidas. Lacompañía aporta una amplia gama deproductos, soluciones y servicios a susclientes, así como materiales y equi-pos destinados a las aplicaciones deestos gases.

Fundada en 1897, Carburos Metáli-cos cuenta con más de 117 años deservicio a la industria de nuestro paísy siempre ha mantenido un fuertevínculo con la sociedad. Actual-mente, la compañía cuenta con unequipo de más de 700 profesionalesen España, una capacidad de produc-ción de más de 1000 toneladas degas licuado cada día (mtpd), 13 plan-tas de producción, 12 plantas de en-vasado, 2 laboratorios de gases dealta pureza, y un centro de I+D ubi-cado en Bellaterra (Barcelona), que

desde 2014 tiene responsabilidadesmundiales dentro del grupo Air Pro-ducts en las áreas de agricultura, ali-mentación, tratamiento de aguas yaplicaciones de CO2.

Además, es la única compañía gasistaque da cobertura a todo el territorioespañol, a través de una red de 160distribuidores que aportan flexibilidady cercanía y que le permiten servir amás de 100.000 clientes.

Desde 1995, pertenece al grupo norte-americano Air Products, hecho que leañade el potencial y la visión de ungrupo global que cuenta con 21.000empleados en más de 50 países y quepresta servicio a clientes en todo elmundo, ofreciendo además de gases,materiales de alto rendimiento e inter-medios químicos.

Servicio Lector 7


TT. INFORMACIONES

AMETEK LAND INTRODUCELOS NUEVOS TERMOMETROSPORTATILES SIN CONTACTOCYCLOPS L

Con sus nuevas capacidades de regis-tro de datos, modo ruta configurable ysoftware, los Cyclops L posicionan aAMETEK Land como el líder de la in-dustria en termómetros portátiles sincontacto de alta calidad.

Cuatro nuevos modelos en la familiaCyclops L que cubren un rango de me-dida de 200ºC a 3000ºC. Apropiadospara un amplio rango de aplicacionestales como metal líquido, acero, pro-ducción de vidrio, hornos y muchasotras.

Modo único Ruta que permite al usua-rio configurar una ruta alrededor de suplanta identificando su localizacióncon una descripción, un valor de emi-sividad, un factor de corrección deventana si procede y un identificadorúnico. Este modo de medida permitela repetición completa de lecturas ha-ciendo al termómetro la herramientaideal para múltiples aplicaciones querequieren un seguimiento regular yfiable.

Alta capacidad de registro de datos.Memoria interna de hasta 9.999 lectu-ras que pueden descargarse al soft-ware opcional para su posterior análi-sis y comparación.

Nuevo software de adquisición de da-tos que permite conectar los termóme-tros Cyclops L a un ordenador perso-nal o a un dispositivo móvil para ver,analizar y grabar las lecturas de tem-peratura. La conexión puede ser víaBluetooth o por cable USB.

Modelos disponibles para un ampliorango de aplicaciones incluyendo la

fundición de metales, fabricación deacero, vidrio, procesos petroquímicosy laboratorio I+D. Campo de visiónestrecho y preciso enfocable con vi-sión a través de la lente. Medidas sinderiva que aseguran la fiabilidad delas lecturas.

Nueva cubierta industrial de gomapara una mayor protección contra da-ños accidentales además de un nuevoprotector de lente.

Calibración UKAS opcional en todoslos modelos .

Servicio Lector 8

MEXICO GANA ELVOLKSWAGEN GROUPAWARD 2014

Volkswagen Grouphonró a sus mejoresproveedores con elpremio “Volkswa-gen Group Award2014” entregado

por Martin Winterkorn, presidente delGrupo Volkswagen.

Servicio Lector 9

SHANGHAI VEYUEN SPECIALSTEEL CO., LTD

Aleaciones de níquel≠.

Nos especializamos en la producciónde Aleaciones de níquel de muchosaños.especializada en NiCr, CuNi, Fe-

Cr-Al, Pure de níquel / plata, alambrede termopar, alambre y Hastelloy, In-conel, Monel, de Staniless Acero Espe-cial de compensación, etc ..

Buena calidad, varios modelos, y másvaliedades, precios muy favorables. Elsiguiente es nuestro producto:

(1) Aleación de níquel 80/20 cromoNichrome 60, Cr30Ni70, Cr20Ni30,Cr20Ni35, Cr25Ni20.

(2 Aleación de cobre-níquel (Aleaciónde cobre-níquel) CuNi1, CuNi2,CuNi6, CuNi8, CuNi10, CuNi14,CuNi19, CuNi23, CuNi30, CuNi34,CuNi40, CuNi44.

(3) Pure Níquel alambre /tira.

(4) Aleaciones de Fe-Cr-Al Cr13Al4,Cr25Al5, Cr21Al6, Cr23Al5,Cr21Al6Nb, Cr27Al7Mo2.

(5) Cable del termopar tipo K N E J TS R B.

(6) Plata, Aleación de plata y cobre,Constantan, súper Manganin.

(7)Super aleaciones: Hastelloy C276,Inconel 600/601/625, Monel400/K500, Incoloy 800, Alloy 20,Acero inoxidable dúplex.....

Servicio Lector 10

HEAT TREATMENTCONGRESS 215

Este congreso es una excelente opor-tunidad para conectarse en EEUU conFORD, TRW, Bodycote, Steel Trea-ting, Texas Heat Treating, DaytonProgress Corp, Dowa, SPX, Certifiedheat Treating, Alfe Heat Treating…

Ubicado en Chicago en un hotel pres-tigioso, es una jornada de todo el díaque reune a empresas como IPSEN,SECO/WARWICK, AJAX TOCCO,CIS-CONNERT INDUSTRIES, KU-REHA, OERLIKON LEYBOLD VA-CUUM, AFFRI, TOYO TANSO, DA-

9TRATAMIENTOS TERMICOS. NOVIEMBRE 2014


TT. INFORMACIONES

TAPAQ RAYTECH, IOB, PHOENIXTM, ATP, SGL, SCHUNK GRAPHITE,PD2I North America, TAV, MATE-RIAL INTERFACE, TELEVAC, PRA-XAIR, FURNACE PARTS... – se puedever el resúmen de la jornada 2014 enhttp://metalspain.com/chicago-papers.html

Stand 445 euros

información en:http://metalspain.com/chicago.html

[email protected]

Servicio Lector 11

REGULADOR DE PRESIONDOMO PARA INSTALACIONESDE SUMINISTRO DE GAS

Reguladores de presión con controlelectrónico mejoran los procesosWITT marca el camino: Válvulas pro-porcionales electrónicas controlanahora los reguladores de presión eninstalaciones de suministro de gas.El fabricante alemán ofrece por pri-mera vez un módulo para el reguladorde presión DOMO que se puede in-corporar a posteriori y con el que se

puede ajustar de forma electrónica y adistancia la presión de trabajo.

Su ventaja: Hasta los procesos máscomplejos de producción se puedencontrolar de forma exacta y optimaporque la presión de gas necesaria encada etapa del proceso se transmite deforma automática y la ajusta el propioregulador.

La regulación se efectúa mediante laautomatización de procesos electro-mecánicos (PLC). Los controladoreslógicos programables accionan la vál-vula eléctrica de proporción bien através de la potencia (amperios) o latensión (voltios). Dado que transmiso-res de presión registran y controlan lapresión de salida las desviaciones delos valores establecidos se reconocende inmediato y el sistema las com-pensa de forma automática. Witt in-forma que el amplio rango de ajusteestá entre 0,5 a 30 bar. Lo habitualhasta la fecha es ajustar mecánica-mente de forma manual la presión detrabajo - un procedimiento eficaz peroen comparación con la variante elec-trónica más bien un procedimiento la-borioso y en ocasiones impreciso. Elcontrol electrónico mediante la auto-matización de procesos electromecá-nicos (PLC) contribuye además a la re-ducción de costes, ya que un ajusteexacto de la presión evita la purga delos costosos gases o la interrupción delproceso.

Servicio Lector 12

CONGRESSO TRATAMENTOTERMICO BRASIL –28 OUTUBRO 2015

Aberto a todos os professionais, os pa-péis devem apresentar as melhoresinovações em tratamento térmico demetais e incluem um estudo de caso.

20 minutos para cada apresentação 10minutos para perguntas.

O público é composto por profissio-nais de tratamento térmico de calorprincipal Tratar Lojas e clientes em to-das as indústrias metalúrgicas no Bra-sil (automóvel, OEM, Aerospace, Fun-dições, Forges, indústrias de Moldes,etc) e de países da América do Sul.

Stand

Você pode tirar proveito do público eda qualidade dos trabalhos a apresen-tar a sua empresa alugando um standpromocional, incluindo uma mesa de(1,80 m x 0, 73 m), três cadeiras e umlugar cartaz.

445 euros

Para apresentar um trabalho, por favorcontacte [email protected]

http://metalspain.com/brasil.html

Servicio Lector 13

LAND INSTRUMENTSINTERNATIONAL LANZA UNANUEVA CAMARA PARA VER ELINTERIOR DE HORNOS YCALDERAS

LAND ha tenido durante tiempo la tec-nología para visualizar el exterior decalderas calientes. Con la introducciónde la nueva cámara NIR-b Boroscó-pica, es posible utilizar nuestra pro-bada tecnología para monitorizar conprecisión el interior de hornos, con so-lamente una pequeña apertura en lapared.

La NIR-b proporciona imágenes radio-métricas de alta resolución de320.000 pixels, dando informacióndetallada de temperatura transmitida através de una conexión digital de altavelocidad.

Incluye como características clave, uncampo de visión de 90º que propor-ciona una visión interna completa delhorno o tanque; sistema de refrigera-ción por agua de altas prestacionescon bajo consumo, incluso a las tem-peraturas más altas del horno; ademásde una instalación sencilla y fácil deutilizar.



Nosotros nos encontramos en la Cd. De Celaya Gto. y asu vez que nos ponemos a sus ordenes con nuestras lí-neas de productos y servicios en las siguientes líneas:

Lubricantes Sintéticos de la marca UCON de DOWCHEMICAL S para diferentes aplicaciones, con la es-pecialidad en Tratamientos Térmicos para el acero yaluminio.

Grasas especiales para Alta Temperatura, Altas Revo-luciones (RPM), y Extrema Presión, marcas CHEM-TURA Canadiense.

De la marca CHEMTOOL INCORPORATED tene-mos varias líneas:

– Desmoldantes DIE CASTING PRODUCTS– WATER TREATMENT– HEAT TREAT/QUENCH FLUIDS– HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS– URETHANE, RUBBER & COMPOSITE RELEASE

AGENTS– WIND TURBINE LUBRICANTS– BIODEGRADEABLE/RENEWABLE LUBRICANTS– FOOD GRADE PRODUCTS– LUBRICATING GREASE– PRE-TREATMENT CHEMICALS– RUST PREVENTIVE COATING– HEAVY DUTY RUST PREVENTIVE– RUST REMOVERS– PROCESS & MAINTENANCE CLEANERS

– TANK SIDE BIOCIDES & FUNGICIDES, MWF AD-DITIVES

– INDUSTRIAL LUBRICANTS– METAL FORMING/DRAWING & STAMPING

FLUIDS– METALWORKING FLUIDS

Todos los productos son Directos, Solubles, Sintéticos,Semi-sinteticos, y Minerales.

Quedamos a sus órdenes y si ven a bien

Saludos Cordiales.

NUFER PLUS es una empresa que se dedica a la venta defluidos y lubricantes de la marca DOW para la industriametal-mecánica, Grasas especiales para alta temperaturay grafitadas así como para altas revoluciones (RPM),aceites para Transmisión, Lubricación de Engranes, Tem-ple e Hidráulicos y debido a las necesidades y afán desatisfacer a nuestros clientes presentamos las marcas deHerramienta en general con mayor posicionamiento enel mercado:

Somos una Empresa consolidada y solvente, líder en laprovisión de herramienta con altos estándares de calidada precio competitivo. Nos caracterizamos por brindaruna excelente calidad y servicio, atención personali-zada, respuesta inmediata, compromiso, seriedad y pun-tualidad, además de contar con ejecutivos de venta paradar una atención personalizada.


NUFER PLUS


Además contamos con el servicio de:

• Análisis de laboratorio.• Análisis de velocidad de enfriamiento en Quencho

test.• Asistencia Técnica.• Pruebas de producción en cambios.• Capacitación para el uso y mantenimiento de los pro-

ductos.

El objetivo de NUFER PLUS es brindarles satisfacción anuestros clientes para hacer de su compra una experien-cia grata, teniendo una solución a sus necesidades.

Por todo ello NUFER PLUS, le da la más cordial bienve-nida a su grupo de clientes y amigos.

Servicios

Al adquirir producto Nufer como Quenchant A-NN,Quenchant E-NN, Quenchant NT-NN Y Nufer Metal-working en uso ofrece servicio de laboratorio sin ningúncargo. Realizando análisis cada mes, determinando lossiguientes puntos:

– Viscosidad – Concentración %.– Conductividad.– Apariencia.– pH.– Índice de Refracción.– Inhibidor de Corrosión

Se ofrece asistencia técnica, para aclaraciones o dudasreferente a productos Nufer.

Clientes

CRISTALES Y PARABRISAS ARAMBURO, AUTOTRANS-PORTES 3 GUERRAS, HOJALATERIA SALGADO, TA-LLERES MECANICOS SAN GEORGE, OMNIBUS DE ME-XICO. AUTOTRANSPORTES EL CAMINANTE, AUTO-TRANSPORTES COSTEÑOS, ROBERT BOSCH AGUAS-CALIENTES Y TOLUCA, CUMMINS SAN LUIS POTOSI,MOTORES JOHN DEERE TORREON, FORDCHIHUAHUA, GKN DRIVE LINE CELAYA Y VILLA-GRAN, PISTONES MORESA, STEERING MEX, NEXTEERQUERETARO, CARROCERIAS HALCON CELAYA,HOUGHTON, QUAKER ENGICON VISTEON SALTI-LLO, HAASTCM SALTILLO, EXPORTACIONES ACOSTA RICA Y COREA.

EQUIPO DE TRABAJO

Dirección

Director general. Ing. Arturo Manuel Núñez Cobían.

Subdireccioón general. Luís Rey Núñez Ferrer.

Dirección de Finanzas, Representante de la direcciónISO y Recursos Humanos. Adriana Miranda Olivares.

Dirección Operativa, Atención a clientes y Ventas. Ro-berto Valencia Medina.

Servicio Lector 30 ■



Mientras la India lucha por convertirse en el nuevo grancentro de innovación, el país enfrenta todo tipo de re-tos: laberintos burocráticos, deficiencias educativas einfraestructuras inadecuadas. Pero con su indomableespíritu emprendedor, el país podrá superar todos losobstáculos.

“Decir que falta gente en la India puede parecer un con-trasentido en un país con más de 1.000 millones de ha-bitantes”, dice Nirmalya Kumar. “Pero para investigar ydesarrollar productos, se necesitan científicos, ingenie-ros, gente con doctorados. Y en la India, estas personasson un grupo muy reducido. El país no ha sido capaz de

modernizar su infraestructura educativa para formar a es-tas personas en cantidades suficientes”.

Kumar, originario de Calcuta, es profesor de marketingen la London Business School, autor de seis libros y ex-perto mundialmente conocido sobre cómo hacer nego-cios en la India. Ve puntos fuertes y débiles en los es-fuerzos de la India por convertirse en un centro global deinnovación.

En los 20 últimos años, el país ha descubierto la manerade fragmentar operaciones que antes se tenían que hacertodas en el mismo lugar, dice. Así, algunas partes de di-versas tareas pueden realizarse en la India –aprove-chando los bajos costes y el alto nivel de cualificación–y luego reintegrarse. Por ejemplo, dice, “Quizás la ham-burguesa tenga que cocinarse en Nueva York, pero sepuede reservar mesa desde la India y calcular la cuentaen Bengaluru”.

En el caso de la innovación, la India aplica una divisiónsimilar del trabajo. “En el pasado”, dice, “la innovaciónglobal se limitaba al mundo desarrollado, donde fueraque la empresa tuviera su sede, en el Reino Unido, Esta-dos Unidos o Europa. Hoy, las empresas globales suelendividir el desarrollo de un proyecto importante en dife-rentes trozos. Un trozo se puede encargar a China y otroa la India. Por ejemplo, la tecnología para aterrizar el Bo-


MOTOR DE INNOVACION EN LA INDIA

Nirmalya Kumar

Universidad de Calcuta, B.Com., Universidad de Illinois en Chicago, M.B.A.; NorthwesternUniversity (Kellogg School of Management), Ph.D.


eing 787 Dreamliner con visibilidad cero se di-señó en la India”.

Este enfoque ha aportado muchos beneficios a laIndia, donde los centros de innovación se centra-ban en crear productos básicamente para el mer-cado indio. Hoy, hay 750 centros de I+D e inno-vación en la India, y sus diseñadores e ingenierostrabajan en proyectos globales. “Es un gran cam-bio”, dice Kumar.

Históricamente, la India siempre se ha lanzadocon entusiasmo a emprender actividades comer-ciales, a pesar de los muchos obstáculos. “Siem-pre ha sido un país emprendedor”, dice Kumar.“Los indios somos proclives por naturaleza a mon-tar negocios”.

Sin embargo, bajo el dominio británico, los indiosse enfrentaban a muchas trabas si querían tener unnegocio propio. Aunque algunas se eliminaroncon la independencia en 1947, el control de laeconomía india era tan rígido que muchos em-prendedores optaron por marcharse al extranjero.Al final, dice Kumar, “casi todos los moteles en losEstados Unidos y las pequeñas tiendas del ReinoUnido eran propiedad de indios”.

Hoy, aunque la India ha experimentado un augeeconómico asombroso, quedan muchos obstácu-los por superar antes de que pueda convertirse enreferente mundial en innovación. Para empezar,dice Kumar, “sobra burocracia. En algunos esta-dos, constituir una empresa puede llevar hasta180 días. Es inaceptable”. Otros retos incluyen lapobreza, déficits educativos y deficiencias en lasinfraestructuras.

Kumar pasó su infancia en Calcuta. Finalmente,Kumar se trasladó a los Estados Unidos, donde vi-vió durante una década, preparando su docto-rado, supervisado por el propio Kotler, en laNorthwestern University en Chicago. “Para mí,fue un sueño hecho realidad”.

Desde entonces, Kumar ha escrito tres libros sobremarketing y dos sobre cómo hacer negocios en laIndia. Su sexto libro, recién publicado, Brand Brea-kout: How Emerging Market Brands Will Go Glo-bal, combina sus dos temas predilectos. “¿Cómo esque todas las marcas que conocemos vienen delmundo desarrollado?”, pregunta. “Mi libro explicaocho caminos distintos que pueden seguir los mer-cados emergentes para globalizar sus marcas”.

¿Qué es lo que motiva a Kumar? “Mis objetivosson muy claros y no escatimo esfuerzos para con-seguirlos”, explica. En eso quizás sea un modelopara la propia India.



LA COLUMNA DEJUAN MARTÍNEZ ARCAS

Pregunta:

Sr. Juan Martínez Arcas, en esta ocasión sería interesanteque nos hablara de las chapas utilizadas en la industriaen general y en particular para la industria del automóvil.

Como interés inicial ¿puede indicarnos la diferentes re-sistencia de los materiales metálicos más comunes a larotura y su correspondiente resistencia al cizallamiento?

Respuesta:

En general y de forma practica podemos decir que la Re-sistencia al cizallamiento Rc es igual al producto de Re-sintencia a la Tracción.


QUIENES SOMOS

● Productos Refractarios para la Industria es una em-presa con más de 20 años de experiencia en la ventade materiales aislantes y refractarios de las mejoresmarcas.

● Contamos con la división de fabricación de hornospara procesos industriales.

MARCAS

● Barromex● RHI ● Thermal Ceramics● Noltina● Refractarios y cerámicos JARD● FBR quemadores y refacciones● Rolan

REFRACTARIOS

● Concretos● Ladrillos● Morteros● Plásticos● Aislantes

LADRILLOS


PRODUCTOS REFRACTARIOS PARA LA INDUSTRIA S.A. DE C.V.


COLCHA Y TABLA DE FIBRA CERAMICA

LANA MINERAL

PIEZAS CERAMICAS

QUEMADORES Y REFACCIONES

CRISOLES

HORNOS

● Tratamiento térmico

● Secado

● Cerámica

● Fundición

● Continuos

CLIENTES

● TREMEC

● Porcelanite

● Ronal

● LBQ Foundry

● Dana forjas

● Helvex

● Pistones moresa

● Agrogen

● Ciateq

● Cidesi

● Fracsa alloys

● Bombardier

● Universidad Aeronáutica de Querétaro




HEAT TREATMENT CONGRESSINDIA – PUNE - NOV 5TH,2014

India is 1.300.000 people. According to the InternationalMonetary Fund , as of 2013, the Indian economy isnominally worth US$1.842 trillion and is, at US$4.962trillion, the third-largest by purchasing PPP. With itsaverage annual GDP growth rate of 5.8% over the pasttwo decades, and reaching 6.1% during 2011–12, India isone of the world’s fastest-growing economies.

Pune is the leading center for the automotive sector inIndia : TATA MOTORS, LAND ROVER, BAJAJ AUTO,FORCE MOTORS, , GENERAL MOTORS, VOLSKWAGEN,MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA Volkswagen, MERCEDES-BENZ, FIAT, JCB, CUMMINS ENGINES, HYUNDAU,HONDA, TOYOTA, BOSCH and much more OEM.TheChakan-Talegaon Belt is becoming one of the most denseautomotive clusters in the world.

Papers:

- Advantages of Vacuum Carburizing in Gear Industry.ALD VACUUM TECHNOLOGIES GmbH.

- EloFlex and the key benefits SMS ELOTHERM.

- Vacuum carburizing : the evolution and cost savings ofthe process, the products. ECM.

- EBNER Heat Treatment Technology : HICON/H2 andHOT-PHASE.

- Gas Nitriding + Environmental friendly controlledcooling - TATA.

- Comparaison between Low Pressure VacuumCarburizing Processes Perform in Vacuum Furnaces withGas and Oil Quench systems .Advantages, Challenges andMetallurgical Limitation. ALD DYNATHECH FURNACES.

- Production, Research & Application of Refractorymaterials for Furnaces & other heating systems -Amarendra Kumar Das.

- Innovative cleaning solutions in Heat Treatment usingsolvent, water orboth in the same machine. NGCYCleansys.

- Unigrid Composite Grid System. SCHUNK.

- Maximising Aluminium Melters' Profitability ThroughCrucible Efficiency.Morgan advanced materials.

- Instrumentation and Process Control - A Resource.Vijayesh Instruments Pvt Ltd.

- "Up to date" Vacuum solutions for heat treatmentprocesses - Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum India Pvt. Ltd.

- Austempering Heat Treatment on ADI.Sardar PatelCollege of Engineering Andheri Mumbai.

- Effective and Efficient Hardness Testing for Heat TreatedComponents - Indentec, UK. and Zwick Roell TestingMachines Pvt. Ltd.

- Austempering Heat Treatment on ADI.Sardar PatelCollege of Engineering Andheri Mumbai.

- Innovative al Slab heating & homogenizing furnace integration of continuous & batch system for variableproduction. AGM. DANIELI.

- Cost Reduction in Heat Treatment by the Use ofProtective Coatings. -Steel Plant Specialities LLP, Mumbai.

- Automated Heat Treatments Systems - Possibilities andAdvantages - DANGO & DIENENTHAL HOLLERBACHGmbH.

- more to come :see updates athttp://metalspain.com/india.html

Contact [email protected]


Stand : 390 euros

Registration : 95 euros

includes coffee break, lunch, documentation.

http://metalspain.com/india.html

[email protected]

JIANGSU ECOO IS PRESENT WITH A STAND ATHEAT TREATMENT CONGRESS IN PUNE.A good opportunity to learn more about the importantcatalogue of this important Chinese furnace builder.

SAJJAN PRESENT AT INDIA HEAT TREATMENTCONGRESS PUNE

SAJJAN is the leading manufacturerand trader of a qualitative range ofIndustrial Castings and CNCTurned Parts that include HeatTreatment Fixtures / HeatTreatment Industry, Charge

Baskets, Grids and Charge Trays for Normalizing, Sparesfor Walking Beam Furnace, Sponge Iron Industry / Steel

Hyatt Regency Pune ***** - Weikfield IT Park, Nagar Road - Pune,411014 - Email: [email protected]

Mill industry and many more. These Industrial Castingsand CNC Turned Parts are manufactured using supremequality of raw material and are widely renowned becauseof their wide applications, excellent performance, exactspecifications, high tensile strength available in variousmodels, corrosion abrasion, reliability etc.

Our exclusive range of products includes Base Trays AndCharge Grids, Furnace Hearth Rollers, Walking Beams AndFixed Beams, Base Tray, Muffle Furnace Spares, ShakerHearth Furnace Plates, Impellers And Fans With Shafts,Furnace Rails And Roller, Heat Treatment Fixtures, ChainGuides, Gear Links, Corner Posts, Connecting Rods AndLoad Bars, Cast Stool, Heat Treat Spacers, Rollers, InnerTube With Flanges, Hearth Rolls, Fixtures, Gas CarburisingFixtures, Batch Type Furnace Grids And Assemblies,Holding Fixtures, Fabricated Holding Fixtures, Skid Riders,Charge And Discharge Rolls, Air Nozzle Cap, CentrifugalCast Tubes, Assembled Cast Belt Conveyor, Hot Collectors/ Headers, Precision Investment Castings, Radiant TubeAsslys And Radiant Coils etc.

AFC-HOLCROFT RECEIVES ORDER FOR MESHBELT AUSTEMPER LINE

AFC-Holcroft has received an order for a complete MeshBelt Austemper Line from a major supplier of automotivecomponents.

The order is for a complete gas-fired austemper facility,consisting of a computerized loading system to feed the




parts into the furnace belt; a gas-fired mesh-beltaustenitizing furnace with three zones of control to heatthe parts to the process temperature; an integral, gas-firedsalt quenching tank to quench the hot parts in molten salt;and a spray-dunk washer to clean the products after theyexit the system. AFC-Holcroft’s BeltMaster Control Systemwill monitor and control the flow of product, as well asmaintain load tracking, history and recipe storage andmanagement for the line. The mesh belt facility has beendesigned to meet the requirements of CQI-9.

The equipment is expected to be delivered to thecustomer’s plant in Ontario, Canada in the first quarter of2015.

Mike Neumann of AFC-Holcroft stated, “Our companyhas been building and operating continuous austemperingequipment for nearly 30 years. Our extensive experienceand reputation in austempering was a key consideration inour customer’s decision to purchase AFC-Holcroftequipment.”

About AFC-Holcroft:

AFC-Holcroft is one of the world’s largest manufacturersof heat treating furnaces. The legacy companies thatcomprise AFC-Holcroft have a combined 225+ years ofthermal processing experience. The companymanufactures turn-key heat treating systems forapplications including commercial heat treating, bearings,automotive, aerospace, mining, military, aluminum heattreatment, gear manufacturing, fastener manufacturing,and alternative energy industries.

AFC-Holcroft, headquartered in the United States, has aglobal reach with direct sales coverage in North Americaand worldwide, while AFC-Holcroft Europe serves majorindustrial markets in Germany, France, and otherEuropean locations. AFC-Holcroft’s Asian Operationsmanages partners in China, India, South Korea, and othercountries in the region, and the company also extends intomarkets in Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Poland, Russia, andSpain, through relationships with partners, many of whomhave manufacturing capability.

MEXICO HEAT TREATMENT CONGRESS 2015

Querétaro is the most dynamic place in Mexico forinvestments. All majors OEM and Heat Treatment shopsare present in Querétaro Zone.

Stand: US.$ 523,99 or euros 399

Direct flight to Queretaro from Dallas, Houston…More info, report and hotel athttp://metalspain.com/mexico-2014-english.htm

[email protected]

SUCCESS OF HEAT TREATMENT CONGRESSPOLAND – OCT 8TH 2014 KRAKOW

Top nivel Heat Treatment networking

Companies from USA, Germany, Poland, Russia, CzechRepublic, Italy, France, Belgium, Swiss, Croatia arepresent at the congress located in Central Europe excellentlocation.

SECO/WARWICK, BODYCOTE POLSKA, MECAS ESI,ALLIED, GRAFTECH, POLCASTING, MESA, UNI ; RIJEKA,ECLIPSE COMBUSTION, PREVAC, OERLIKON LEYBOLDVACUUM,, GNR, SIRRIS, CARBON GROUP, SMS

SMS ELOTHERM with FORD Europe Heat Treatment manager.


ELOTHERM, PETROFER, SKAKO VIVRATION,SGLCARBON, TMK INOX, VLADIMIR MILL OF PRECISIONCASTING, ITA, SCR CREVOISERAT, UNI.ZAGREB, PL-AMS, MERSEN, FSB, AERZEN POLSKA ... are present atthe Poland Heat Treatment Congress located at TheHoliday Inn

BODYCOTE Polska visiting the stand of SECO/WARWICK.

Very intersting stand CARBONGROUP.

Excellent burners at the Stand of ECLIPSE.

Stand ESI: excellent paper: Virtual numerical simulation of heattreatment process as direct support of industrial cases.

POLCASTING and MESA: excellent for heat treatment.

OERLIKON LEYBORD VACUUM: international vacuum specialist withPREVAC. Excellent presentation: Vacuum solutions for heat-treatmentprocesses,




Stand PETROFER: one of the world’s leading companies for industriallubricants, specialised liquids and progress technologies.

BECKER with SECO/WARWICK.

NICKEL Alloys in the stand of Russian VLADIMIR PLANT VZPS. Wire,barn rod, strip : excellent quality and prices.

Excellent program, with simultaneous translationEnglish/polish, presenting very interesting heat treatmentinnovations.

9:00 FORD CQI-9 Heat Treat Process ControlRequirements for global supply base, FORD MOTORCOMPANY – STA GTS Heat Treatment Specialist Europe.

9:30 Modern heat treatment of large dies in HPGQvacuum furnaces. SECO /WARWICK.

GNR: excellent analytical instruments from Italy, for Heat Treatmentand foundry.

Stands facilitate contacts: information and interesting questions.

BODYCOTE Polska present at the congress.


10 :00 Consumption of ammonia in the regulated Zero

Flow gas nitriding and used so far processes. SECO /

WARWICK.

10 :30 EloFlex and the key benefits SMS ELOTHERM

11 :00 Coffee break and visit stands.

11:30 Virtual numerical simulation of heat treatment

process as direct support of industrial cases. MECAS ESI.

12:00 Retained Austenite: non destructive analysis by

XRD and ASTM E 975-03 - GNR – ITA spółka z

ograniczon odpowiedzialno ci sp.k.

12 :30 Computer simulation of thermal processes of

metals. University of Rijeka.

13 :00 New innovative equipment for the hardening of

tools. University of Zagreb.

13:30 Vacuum solutions for heat-treatment processes –

PREVAC.

The lunch at the Hotel and the coffee break are goodopportunities to networking.

See more photos at http://metalspain.com/poland.html




ADVANCED HEAT TREAT ORDERS AFC-HOLCROFT BATCH FURNACE EQUIPMENT

Advanced Heat Treat in Waterloo, Iowa, USA, hascompleted the purchase of a UBQ (Universal BatchQuench) furnace line for their increased productionrequirements.

The new line is designed to integrate with Advanced HeatTreat’s existing Holcroft brand batch furnace line. Therecent order consists of a family of AFC-Holcroft’sintegrated UBQ (Universal Batch Quench) products, andis comprised of an integral quench furnace sized 36-48-36with top cool, a UBT Temper furnace, UBW Washer,UBTC double-ended Transfer Car and EZ Series 4500endothermic gas generator. The double-ended charge carwill service both the new line as well as the existingequipment.

“Advanced Heat Treat Corp. is pleased to meet customerdemand and invest in the future with the addition of thisnew equipment. This furnace will allow us increasedcapacity of carburizing, carbonitriding and quench andtemper projects” stated Gary Sharp, President and CEO.

About Advanced Heat Treat

Advanced Heat Treat Corp. (AHT) is a recognized leaderin providing heat treat services and superior metallurgicalsolutions to companies across the globe. Established in1981, AHT has developed into a multi-service heat treatcompany that takes pride in fitting the ideal solution toany application. AHT’s UltraGlow® family of processesincludes Plasma Ion Nitriding, Ferritic Nitrocarburizing(FNC), Gas Nitriding, UltraOx®, Through Hardening (i.e.Quench & Temper), Carburizing, Carbonitriding,Induction Hardening, and many more services. Thecompany’s unsurpassed customer service, high qualitystandards, prompt turnaround, commitment to researchand development, and state-of-the-art equipment andtechnology have led AHT to where it is today. To learnmore about AHT’s capabilities, contact Mr. Mikel Woods(Sales / Marketing) at 319-232-5221 or [email protected]. Or visit AHT online at www.ahtweb.com.

About AFC-Holcroft

AFC-Holcroft is one of the world’s largest manufacturersof heat treating furnaces. The legacy companies thatcomprise AFC-Holcroft have a combined 225+ years ofthermal processing experience. The companymanufactures turn-key heat treating systems forapplications including commercial heat treating, bearings,automotive, aerospace, mining, military, aluminum heat

treatment, gear manufacturing, fastener manufacturing,and alternative energy industries.

AFC-Holcroft, headquartered in the United States, has aglobal reach with direct sales coverage in North Americaand worldwide, while AFC-Holcroft Europe serves majorindustrial markets in Germany, France, and otherEuropean locations. AFC-Holcroft’s Asian Operationsmanages partners in China, India, South Korea, and othercountries in the region, and the company also extends intomarkets in Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Poland, Russia, andSpain, through relationships with partners, many of whomhave manufacturing capability.

For more information, contact [email protected] .

INDUCTION HEATING FROM AMBRELL INACTION: GEAR HARDENING FOR THEAUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Ambrell manufactures high qualityinduction heating equipmentsince 1986, however itsexperience reaches 45 yearsback. Products are CE certifiedand manufactured in anISO9001:2008 certified facility toensure the highest qualityequipment. With a focus onsuperior heating solutions and

service with a prompt response, prospective customerscan leverage its Applications Lab to ensure systems arebuilt to their heating requirements, and then rely onsuperior support throughout their relationship withAmbrell. Ambrell has installed over 10,000 systems inmore than 50 countries and is an Ameritherm company.

Ambrell’s outstanding expertise in induction heatingapplications and the innovative spirit of the dynamiccompany prove effective for a huge variety of branches.This has been the case in of hardening of teeth on a steelmotorcycle gear. The gear was made from carbon steelwith 175 mm diameter. Our customer wanted Ambrell torun the tests on the application with the followingparameters: the hardness of 48 – 55 HRC needed to bereached at the temperature of 1093 °C with the frequencyof 78 kHz.

In order to fulfill the requirements, Ambrell applied its 90kW EKOHEAT induction heating system equipped with aremote workhead containing eight 1.0 F capacitors for atotal of 8 F. Our lab engineers designed and developed a


coil specifically tailored for this application. During theprocess, a single turn helical coil is used to heat the gear.The gear was placed on a spindle and rotated at 300-350RPM’s. Heat was applied for 10 seconds to reach thedesired hardness. The gear is immediately quenched toremove the heat, dried and then coated with a lubricant.

Our customer achieved the efficiency increase rate of40% by using Ambrell’s induction heating solution. Theshort process example illustrates numerous advantages ofthe use of induction heating in the automotive industry.Ambrell’s induction heating solutions provide instant startup time requiring little power, accuracy and versatilityduring the heating process and even distribution of heat.More importantly, induction heating is a clean source ofenergy which can be easily integrated into existingautomated systems. The EKOHEAT modular powersupplies, Ambrell’s latest innovation, are easy to operate.Equipped to operate over a broad frequency range (1-100kHz), EKOHEAT is ideal for heating parts of manygeometries and compositions with excellent power controlwithin 25W resolution. All in all, Ambrell provides theautomotive industry with cost-saving, effective solutionsfor a huge variety of heat – treatment applications.

Ambrell crafts the induction heating solutions to yourneeds. We are a reliable partner and supplier worldwidewith offices in the United States of America, TheNetherlands, The United Kingdom and France, anddistributors across the entire continental Europe. Whatmakes us unique except our outstanding quality ofequipment, rich application knowledge andresponsiveness? The answer is service. We offer free ofcharge lab analysis where our experts tailor the rightsolution for you. Thanks to our innovative technology,capability in coil design and materials know-how we putinduction heating to work for your competitive edge.Ambrell is present worldwide - we are always in theneighbourhood.

HEAT RESISTANT COATINGS

REFRACTORY COATINGCEMENT

Zircoat

Is a unique refractory coatingcompound, which is a greatbenefit to the industries where

corrosion and erosion is a severe problem for refractoriesand kiln steel shells.

Refractory ceramic coating cement rich in Zircon, and isparticularly effective for uses in industries where hightemperature resistance is essential.

CORROSION & ABRASION RESISTANT COATINGS

Around 80% of equipment failures are due to surfaceerosion, therefore the need for effective preventivemaintenance is imperative.

Aluma Coat is a revolutionary corrosion, abrasion andchemical resistant ceramic coating, which can be appliedto a wide range of materials and components in lots ofdifferent industries.

SUMAN REFRACTORY SERVICESWe have erected different types of Industrial Furnaces inthe last 30 years. We have extensive experience inerection of Furnaces, Ovens & kilns for variousapplications. Furnaces erected by us are working invarious sites successfully. We have specialization inShuttle, Tunnel Kilns & Reheating Furnace.

REFRACTORY / CERAMIC FIBER / ACID PROOF/INSULATION WORK:

We also undertake Refractory and Ceramic Fiberapplication job for various Industrial Furnaces, Re-heatingFurnaces and Ovens Kilns & Boiler etc. separately. Wehave done many Acid proofs lining job in battery rooms,acid tanks, floor etc. List of jobs executed by us areenclosed herewith, for your ready reference.

ENERGY CONSERVATION BYINSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS CONTROLby Vishwas KaleManaging Director,Vijayesh Instruments Pvt Ltd, Pune, IndiaInstrumentation is a big resource. For energyconservation, resourceful use of instrumentation ispossible. To manage saving of energy, we should haveanswers for this: What is to be measured, controlled andrecorded / logged ?

And why for every item.

Let us measure correctly. Accuracy is comparisonbetween a reading and the truth. Precision is comparisonof different readings of the same thing. So let us be preciseand accurate. If not at least measure repeatedly withlimited accuracy but with reliability.




Modify Thermocouples for Economy without AffectingPerformance

– Change sheath material specs– Reduce length– Reduce sheath diameter– Reduce thermocouple wire diameter– Use grounded thermocouplesFor continuous temperature monitoring in furnaces likeHeat Treatment Furnaces, Ovens, Holding Furnaces (incase of Non-ferrous metals) etc. it is possible to reducecosts by modifying existing thermocouples as follows:

Changing Sheath Specifications:

Incorrect sheath will give lesser life. A correct andsometimes expensive sheath will give very long life of thethermocouple. Use a sheath, which is rated for highertemperature so as to get more life. For example instead ofSS 304 use inconel, or instead of sillimanite, userecrystallised alumina.

Reduction in length:

Sometimes the length is too long and unnecessary. Thethermocouple tip measures the temperature and not theentire length. As long as the tip does not receive reflectedheat from the furnace walls, there is no problem. Usinglesser length directly gives effective reduction in cost ofthermocouple.

Reduction in sheath diameter:

Sometimes the diameter is too big for the thermocouplewires and insulators size. Then there is an unnecessary airgap between the thermocouple junction tip and thesheath, which results in lagging temperature response.Thus, for example 22-millimeter diameter could be easilyreduced to 19 millimeter.

Reduction in thermocouple wire diameter:

There is a specific relationship between thermocoupleswire diameter and temperature to be measured. Useappropriate sizes.

It is better to use compensating cables with protectiveasbestos sheath ( if permitted in your place ) to safeguardfrom heat and metal cladding (to protect from damage).They give longer and durable life.

Instead of commonly used thermocouples type K andtype S or R are replaced by new thermocouples typeNi-0.8Co/Ni-18Mo ( range -200 to 1300 deg C ) andtype C W-5Re/W-26Re ( range 0 to 2315 deg C ).These are more economic and cover range, which is

needed. Their life is better as compared to type Sor type R.

INFRARED THERMOMETERS

Infrared Thermometer reads the temperature directly usinga sensor to detect the heat radiation. When athermocouple is installed in a furnace, it really indicatesthe temperature at the tip of the thermocouple. It may notdetect the changes in the speed of jobs on a movingconveyor or the amount of material in the furnace.

An Infrared Thermometer will not see the environment butwill measure the real temperature of the product. As theydo not touch the product, infrared thermometers are idealfor moving targets, because they do not interfere with theprocess. The selection of the correct instrument and theinstallation are very critical. The right instrument is theone, which has the shortest wavelength. As one workswith shorter wavelengths, the emissivity of the metal ishigher. Therefore if we use shorter wavelengthinstruments, the lowest temperature that can be measuredis limited. For example, a 1-micron instrument canmeasure lowest temperature of about 480 deg C; a 1.6-micron instrument can measure lowest to about260 deg C.

Another advantage of using the shortest wavelengthinstrument is that a change in emissivity has least effect onmeasurement accuracy.The infrared thermometerinstrument sees only the hot part and it is the best andaccurate temperature measurement.

Temperature Control of Furnaces

By using simple ON/OFF controller, there is a sizable lossof fuel. The required temperature is not achieved as asmooth control. There are ups and down based on thefurnace heat capacity. A PID or delayed relay operatedcontroller would give good control and save fuel by usingit as needed only.

Furnaces-Heat Treatment, Forging etc

Does the furnace consume lowest possible energy? Do we actually know job temperature? Do we get uniformity of temperature? Is the furnace fully loaded to use full heat capacity of job? Are the best possible temperature and atmosphere controlsachieved? Are we prepared to show customer the true data of heatcycle? Does the furnace consume lowest possible energy?

So, can we use better furnace controls? Perhaps yes.Burners could be of self-proportioning type and maintain


air to fuel ratio to save fuel. It is also possible to control bymotorized valves to again save fuel In case of electricheaters control by thyristor – pulses may be done Toachieve uniformity of temperature, try using a circulatingfan or a blower.

Do mapping of furnace to understand the temperatureprofile. Replace aged thermocouples from time to time. Use PID controlled action of temperature controllers fortight tolerance of temperature set points. Make sure that the oil is preheated to correct temperatureas specified.All this will save energy.

TEMPERATURE MAPPING OF FURNACE

The thermocouples, datalogger/scanner have validcalibration certificates with authentic accreditation. Thedata is compared with the actual reading obtained fromthe thermocouples and instruments used with the furnacefor measurement of temperatures. The furnace mapping,apart from satisfying the customer, helps the user tounderstand the behaviour of furnace and helps to use itbetter by saving energy.

These days more stringent tests are performed- SystemAccuracy Test (SAT) and Temperature Uniformity Test (TUS ) based on CQI 9 version 3 and AMS 2750 E. Theprocedure is based on the furnace dimensions, workingtemperature, application of furnace, furnace class,instrumentation class, number of sensors to be used etc.

AUTOMATED HEAT TREATMENT SYSTEM

This system increases the capacity and efficiency of theequipment as well as minimizes operator errors andreduces the process set up times. By fully automating thesetup of the furnace (control set point, allowedtemperature range and process time) depending on theparts in a particular load, higher productivity is achieved.The parts for a load are entered into the system using a barcode on the traveler document associated with the load.This process setting calculates the most efficienttemperature set point and timer settings. It also validatesthat the requested parts can be processed together (i.e.sufficient overlap of the process temperature and timeranges). The process create application will not allow theoperator to add parts to the “batch” that cannot beprocessed with previously added parts. This automaticsetup eliminates the time and possibly the errors involvedwhen an operator manually looks up at the requiredspecifications and then checks for the proper overlap intime and temperatures. Several process loads may be

entered into the database and queued for later use. Theoperator can then select a process batch to load into thefurnace on the local PC and appropriate parameters areplaced into the control system.

The Data Acquisition and Control System record thefollowing parameters: Operator’s Identification ( ID ),Loadparameters ( job/ lot/ quantity),Process requirements (time/ temperature),Temperature and time of the furnacewhen load was placed into working zone, Temperatureand time of beginning of process, Temperature and time ofend of process, Quench delay and quenchant temperature( if applicable ),Requirements for testing ( hardness,conductivity etc),Results of tests

The furnace temperature is controlled by this system. Ifnecessary, it will ramp the temperature up to the desiredvalue, hold it for the required time and then shutoff thefurnace, all without the operator involvement. The systemalso alarms if anything is not as per specified and set. Theprocess can be even aborted by the operator, overridingall settings. The main display is an overview screen thatshows the status of all of the furnaces in the heat treatmentarea. It also shows trend graph where the operator candisplay a selected furnace’s temperature. The operator canzoom and pan the trend and show either historical orcurrent data. Each furnace also has a screen to show thecurrent status as well as real time temperatures and theprocess timer.

All the recorded data is in an electronic database to beused to track any work order. A final report is generated todisplay requirements and actual data at every step of theheat treatment operation.

CALIBRATIONS

Most industries use the calibration services of their in-house facilities or of an external agency.

All those who are involved in the process maintain thequality. Everyone contributes some view how best toachieve it. But it must be remembered that such points arenot necessarily the requirement. For example, theshopfloor engineer demands a tolerance of + / - 5 degreescentigrade temperature while and the R & D engineer maydemand a temperature within lesser tolerance. Someonehas to decide the actual need, which is going to affect theprocess. If a consensus is not reached then, many a timesunnecessarily expensive equipment and methods areused. It is worth to note that the user decides the process,tolerances etc. and this has nothing to do, in some cases,with the internationally accepted norms. Whatever affects




the process must be standardized and checked, even aclock for that matter.

Some points to ponder could be: measurementparameters, accuracy required, possible utility, specialfeatures or requirements, storage conditions, expertiseavailable in the organization. It is better to buy from areputed source at a higher price with a contract for at leasttwo-three year service. Consider MTBF [mean timebetween failures or simply how many times failure ispossible] as well as MTBR [mean time between repairs orhow much time is required for repairs], this will make theequipment useless for use. What is the ease of operationsand controls? Is it user friendly? If it is giving quickresults? Is it necessary to have them if they cannot be usedfor any rational use? All these considerations would beuseful even for general procurements.

A good calibration will give most accurate possible resultsand in effect saves energy.

Mr Vishwas Kale is Managing Director,Vijayesh Instruments Pvt Ltd, Pune, Indiaand has more than thirty years experience ininstrumentation. Member, Industrial ProcessMeasurement and Control Committee ofBureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,

Senior Life Member, ISA ( USA ) , Member, Experts Panelof NCTS-Indian Institute of Foundrymen, MemberALUCAST. He is recipient of awards for innovativeproducts.

A METHODOLOGY FOR INTEGRATED STUDYAND OPTIMIZATION OF THE HEATINGSYSTEMS IN CONVEYER ROASTING MACHINESA. A. Butkarev

In pellet production, it is possible to significantly improvethe performance of the equipment and to eliminateineffective approaches by means of a new methodologyfor the integrated investigation and optimization of theheating parameters in the conveyer roasting of iron-orepellets. This methodology includes analysis of the heatingequipment and an optimization criterion based on asystems approach; integrated methods of investigatingindividual system components and the technology as awhole; improved mathematical models; the formulationand solution of optimization problems; and engineeringprinciples for an automatic control system based on up-to-date information technology.

The performance of roasting machines is improved bymodifying the heating systems, which make the maincontribution to the economics of production. In particular,the productivity is improved, and the fuel and powerconsumption is reduced, with specified pellet quality. Theoverall (global) optimization criterion is maximization ofthe economic benefit

E = Epr + Efu + Epo → max,

where Epr, Efu, and Epo are the economic effects ofincreasing the productivity, reducing fuel consumption,and reducing power consumption, respectively.

Calculation of the economic effect by the standardmethod, using the actual initial data, shows that, if all thecharacteristics are improved by the same proportion, thegreatest contribution to the optimization criterion infinancial terms (up to 70%) is due to increase in roasting-machine productivity.

If we resolve the optimization criterion into itscomponents (Fig. 1), technological analysis indicates thatthe economic benefit is determined by the followingfactors: 1) the basic design components; 2) the heatingparameters of the pellet bed; 3) the structure of theheating-system components. The structure andperformance of the roasting machines are also determinedby the initial characteristics of the ore, the requirementson product quality, and the efficiency of the automaticcontrol system.

In view of the complexity of the system, stage-bystageoptimization is employed. In the first stage, the basicdesign components of the system (the design choicesdetermining the structure of the system) are investigatedand optimized, including the organizationpo of the gasfluxes in the pellet-drying and cooling zones,

the design of the heating system in the hearth, and therecirculation of heat from the departing gases to theheating zone. In the second stage, the design andoperational parameters of pellet-bed heating areoptimized over the technological zones [1]. The third

Fig. 1. Analysis of the basic optimization criterion.


stage includes optimization of individual elements of theheating system on the basis of additional and systematizeddesign principles, so as to increase the roastingmachineproductivity, reduce the fuel and power consumption, andreduce environmental impact. This stage also permitswell-founded analysis of scope for improvement and thedevelopment of optimal systems.

Optimization of roasting-machine operation by control-system design on the basis of mathematical models andalgorithms for parameter identification and optimization ofthe technological process proves effective, as shown byresearch [2, pp. 91–96, 97–101, 102–107] and confirmedin practice [3, 4]. It is possible to reduce fuel consumption(by 9.57%) and power consumption (by 7.9%) and toincrease system productivity (by 4.35%) [4].We will now consider the proposed methodology in moredetail. In the first stage, we consider the results of analysisand optimization of the basic structural components of theroasting machine’s heating system (Table 1).Possible drying systems are analyzed on the basis ofpractical experience and literature data: a reversiblesystem with coolant injection in the first section andsuction in subsequent sections [5]; a system with coolantsuction [5]; and a system with suction, layer-bylayercharging of the pellets, and intermediate drying of theindividual layers [6]. Analysis of the use of such dryingsystems shows that the reversible system is best. It reducesthe harmful influence of the wet zones forming in theupper sections at a distance of 120–140 mm from theentry of the heat-carrier gas in the bed and subsequentshrinkage of the bed (loss of granules). For a system withheat-carrier suction, the wetting zone is formed in thelower sections, and shrinkage is intensified by thegravitational force of the pellet bed and the rarefaction inthe gas–air chambers; this impairs gas filtration andreduces the productivity of the roasting machine [5].

Table 1. Influence of the basic design elements on roasting-machineperformance.

Analogous behavior may be expected in drying withsuction, layer-by-layer pellet charging, and intermediatedrying of individual layers [6]. Therefore, despite somebenefits of systems with heat-carrier suction (less heat andpower consumption in drying), this approach cannot berecommended on account of the significant reduction inroasting-machine productivity. Moreover, the performanceof the reversible system may be improved by rationalchoice of the design and operational parameters of thesection with injection and suction.

In investigating various systems for recirculating heat fromthe cooling zone to the heating zones, including thosewith and without fans, it is found that fanless systems arebest in terms of fuel and power economy. In investigatingsingle- and multiple-flux direct-flow systems, the fueleconomy is found to depend on a dimensionlesscharacteristic, i.e., the ratio of the heat consumptionrequired to heat the pellet bed (Qh) and the heat stored bythe pellets sent for cooling (Qco); the results for differentnumber of fluxes may be compared with an ideal flowsystem, for which the number of fluxes n → ∞. Thisdependence is extremal. The use of a fanless system withtwo (or more) fluxes may only be expedient in theproduction of pellets from batch with moderate heatexpenditure in heating (unfluxed pellets of magnetiteconcentrates or pellets with additions of solid fuel).However, the choice of circulation system must be madeseparately in each specific case, taking account of all thedetermining factors, including the temperature conditionsof heat treatment and the greater heat losses to theenvironment through the external surface of the flow line,which increases with increase in the number of fluxes.

The basic principles in selective shaping of the fluxeswithin the cooling zone and their selective delivery to theheating zone so as to minimize fuel consumption havebeen established, and the batch from most pelletizationplants within the Commonwealth of Independent Stateshas been classified [7].

Investigation of the hearth heating system shows that theuse of burners with oxidant ejection (injection burners),instead of burners with forced oxidant supply (such astwo-line burners), permits increase in the proportion ofhigh-temperature (800–1000°C) heat carrier sent directlyfrom the cooling zone to the heating zone and,consequently, increase in the oxidative potential of theheat carrier and the degree of pellet oxidation. The

natural-gas consumption is reduced here by 2–3 m3/t ormore; pellet quality is improved [8]; roasting-machineproductivity is increased (with the existing pellet quality);




and power consumption is reduced. Thus, the use ofinjection burners improves all the characteristics hereconsidered and is recommended for any circumstances.

Consider the efficiency of injection burners (designed byOAO VNIIMT) for the production of oxidized blast-furnace pellets at Lebedinsk enrichment facility, where theheat carrier in the heating and roasting zones is formed byburning natural gas in a primary air flux: combustion at250–300° C, with an air/gas ratio of (10–12) : 1. (Air at850–950 ° C from cooling section 1 is used for dilution.)The primary air employed in the injection burners, istaken from the atmosphere (20 °C), from cooling section2, or from gas leaving the gas–air chambers of the roastingand regeneration zones (250–300°C); the primary air/gasratio is (1.5–2.0) : 1. Thesavings of natural gas here mayreach 3.53 m3/t of pellets (with a primary-air temperatureof 275°C and a 1.5 : 1 ratio of primary air and naturalgas).

Sending the heat carrier back to the cooling zone withidentical mean temperature in unloading impairs theperformance and leads to undesirable phenomena [9]: theproductivity of the cooling zone and the temperaturepotential of the air from this zone are reduced. As a result,the direction of the flow is reversed and atmospheric air is

sucked in, with consequent increase in fuel consumption,air consumption in cooling, and power consumption.Therefore, the reversible cooling system cannot berecommended. Cooling of the pellets beyond the machinein special equipment (as at Kachkanar enrichment facility)has similar undesirable consequences.

In investigating the efficiency of pellet cooling by hot airin the first stage, it is found that, other conditions beingequal, the supply of hot gas in the initial stages of thecooling zone, for subsequent utilization of the waste-gasheat in the heating zones, leads to considerable decreasein productivity of the cooling zone and considerableincrease in power consumption in heatcarrier filtration[10–12]. At present, the reduced fuel consumption in thismethod is far outweighed by the increased powerconsumption, on account of the need for higher output.Cooling with hot air also increases the environmentalimpact in the working areas of the roasting machines, onaccount of the emission of up to 30% of the dusty gas at300°C through the seals of thegas–air chambers [10].Therefore, the system with hotair cooling in the firstsection is not optimal and is not recommended.

(Second part in next edition)


BEST PRACTICE IN HEAT TREATMENT OF LARGEDIES MADE OF HOT WORK TOOL STEELS Ph. D Eng. Maciej Korecki, Eng. Józef Olejnik –SECO/WARWICK, Swiebodzin, Poland

Prof. Piotr Kula, Ph. D Eng. Emilia Wołowiec – TechnicalUniversity of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

INTRODUCTION

Tool steels are a widely used material for construction oftools designated for shaping and forming of metal, plasticand other elements in mass production. These elementsinclude extruding dies, pressure casting dies, moulds,punches and various other elements for plastic shaping ofother materials preheated to temperatures in the range of250-700oC (Fig. 1).

Since shape stability constitutes the basic requirement anytool has to meet, the material it is made from is expectedto withstand loads without any plastic strain whilemaintaining high abrasion resistance. Additionally, a toolshould feature good hardness and strength as well asappropriate ductility and impact strength which conditioncrack resistance, and these qualities are to be obtained athigh working temperatures (up to 700oC).

Classic representatives of hot working tool steels include:X37CrMoV5-1 and X40CrMoV5-1 (DIN, EN), whoseequivalents in other standards are: H11 and H13 (AISI),W300 and W302 (Bohler), 1.2343 i 1.2344 (Werkstoff).

Chemical composition of X37CrMoV5-1 steel remains inthe following ranges:

Fig.1. Hot working tools (source: Internet).

0,33-0,41 %C 0,8-1,2 %Si 0,25-0,50 %Mn4,8-5,1 %Cr 1,1-1,5 %Mo 0,30-0,50 %V where contentof P and S should not exceed 0,03 % and 0,02 %,respectively. Steel X40CrMoV5-1 is basically a modified version of steelX37CrMoV5-1 with the content of vanadium increased to0,85-1,15 %. Vanadium improves hardenability of thesteel, creates very hard carbides, increases the effect ofsecondary hardness and creep resistance.

Heat treatment of tool steelsThe ultimate mechanical properties of a tool aredetermined by heat treatment which consists of aquenching process followed immediately by temperings.Hot working steels are quenched in either oil or gas downfrom the temperatures of up to 1120oC and then temperedat 600oC. Austenitizing temperature is a compromisebetween the need to control the growth of primaryaustenite grains and the need to dissolve the alloycarbides. It also influences temperature resistance andimpact strength. Depending on the tool size, thehardening process is aimed at obtaining a martensitestructure (for smaller elements) or martensite with bainite(larger tools). That is followed by at least two runs oftempering at or above the temperature of secondaryhardness effect in order to reduce the retained austenite,increase ductility and resistance to thermal fatigue.Sometimes other processes are introduced such as: deepfreezing after hardening, application of various coatings(CVD, PVD) or nitriding, the aim of which is to ensureadditional hardening of the working surface and toimprove resistance to abrasion and corrosion. Properly performed heat treatment is decisive formechanical and operational properties of tools as well asthe economy of their use. Allowing any irregularities leadsto faster wear, deformation or defect of the workingelements; in extreme cases it may even lead to theirdamage (cracking) as early as during heat treatment,which causes notable financial loss. Needless to say,appropriate quality and condition of the initial materialalso matters. Difficulties ensuring quality of large-size tools (mouldsand dies) have led to the creation of their processingstandards. The most widely known and spread studies inthat area were published by the American associationNADCA (North American Die Casting Association) [1] andthe leaders of automotive industry, among others suchconcerns as Ford [2], General Motors [3] and Toyota.These standards relate mainly to steel X37CrMoV5-1 andX40CrMoV5-1 (DIN, EN) and modifications thereof: theyrefer to quality inspection of initial material, guidelines for




conducting and controlling of the heat treatment processand researching its results. No such complex approach totool manufacturing has been recorded in Europe,nevertheless standards of that kind are also developed onan industrial level, especially by automotive concerns andsteel manufacturers. It is not a mystery that those standardsare also based on NADCA guidelines.

NADCA guidelines for heat treatment of hot work toolsteels

North American Die Casting Association got deeplyinvolved in the issues of manufacturing hot work steeltools. As a result of that involvement, a guidebook wasproduced titled “Special Quality Die Steel & HeatTreatment Acceptance Criteria for Die Casting”. The studyfocuses on the issues of initial material quality, vacuumheat treatment and welding methods.

Before heat treatment, the parameters and quality of thesteel have to be confirmed through:

– Classifying steel grade with respect to the chemicalcomposition of alloy additions and the contents ofsulphur and phosphorus (grades from A to E.

– Measurement of hardness after annealing (below 235HB).

– Analysis of the contents of microimpurities.

– Checking whether there are no internal defects such as:cracks, presence of oxides, porosity, segregation etc.(ultrasound examination),

– Defining grain size (above 7 acc. to ASTM E112).

– Examination of microstructure (ferrite with evenlydistributed spheroidal carbides).

According to NADCA criteria, the heat treatment processshould be performed in a vacuum furnace with a highpressure gas quench while monitoring and controlling thesurface and core temperature of the processed piece(workload thermocouples have precisely preset locations).

Preheating to austenitizing temperature is done graduallynot to allow excessive temperature difference. The firststop occurs at approx. 590-680oC and continues untiltemperature difference between core and surface is below110oC (much less in practice). The next stop is preset atthe temperature of 815-860oC and continues untiltemperatures are compensated with a difference notbigger than 14oC. Finally, the austenitizing temperature of1030oC is reached at which the load is held for 30minutes from temperature compensation point (withallowable temperature differences below 14oC) or formaximum 90 minutes until 1030oC is obtained on thesurface. These guidelines limit thermal deformations andexcessive growth of austenite grain. Fig. 2 presents a graph

illustrating proper heating of a die according to thosecriteria.

Dies are hardened by quenching at maximum speed downto the temperature of 150oC in the core. The averagecooling rate for the surface from 1030oC down to 540oCshould be at least 28oC/min. In the case of large dies(cross-sections above 300 mm) interrupted quenching(isothermal stop) at surface temperature of 400-450oC isapplied when the core temperature diverges by more than110oC. The interrupted quench is completed when one ofthe following conditions occurs:

– core temperature differs from surface temperature byless than 110oC;

– surface temperature drops below 400oC;

– 30 minutes passed from the start of the interruptedquench.

– Interrupted quenching is presented in Fig. 3.

FORD and GM have similar requirements concerning

Fig. 2. Guidelines and progress of real austenitization and interruptedquench with monitoring of furnace temperature and of die surface/coretemperatures (acc. to NADCA).

Fig. 3. Guidelines and progress of real interrupted quench withmonitoring of furnace temperature and of die surface/core temperatures(acc. to NADCA).


interrupted quench with the only difference being thatFORD shortens the time to maximum 15 minutes whileGM to only 5 minutes and at the same time acceleratesthe quenching rate to 39oC/min (28oC/min for NADCA).

Quenching is continued until 150oC is reached in the core(50oC on the surface) and then it is immediately followedby tempering. The workpieces should not be cooled downbelow the temperature of 33oC. The required cooling rateis significant due to the risk of excessive grain boundaryrelease of carbides, which results in worse impactstrength. Interrupted quenching limits the temperaturedifference between surface and core and thus reducesstress and deformations, protects the workpiece againstcracking while at the same time preventing creation ofpearlitic structure.

The first tempering is carried out at the minimumtemperature of 565oC by holding for the time whichdepends on tool cross-section (1h / 25 mm), though notless than for 2 h. This is followed by cooling down toambient temperature and second tempering at theminimum temperature of 550oC. Third tempering is notnecessary and is applied only for final adjustment ofhardness. Tempering reduces internal stress and ensuredimensional stability as well as proper structure andrequired hardness, usually within the range of 42-52 HRC.

Vacuum furnace for heat treatment of tools

The requirements concerning heat treatment of mouldsand dies, dictated by NADCA, FORD, GM and others, canbe achieved in a single chamber vacuum furnaceequipped with high pressure cooling system in inert gas(type HPGQ – high pressure gas quench) [4-8].SECO/WARWICK offers a type-series of furnaces namedVECTOR which are especially dedicated to heat treatmentof tools. These furnaces meet the most restrictiverequirements in the branch and are delivered to customersworldwide (Europe, USA, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China,India and even as far as Australia). Furnaces of variousdimensions of working space are available, beginningfrom 400/400/600 through 600/600/900, 900/800/1200,1200/1200/1800 [mm] and larger as well as other ofoptional size, featuring horizontal and vertical loadingsystems (fig. 4).

Fig. 4. Horizontal vacuum furnaces VECTOR line (SECO/WARWICK)size 900/800/1200 mm, 15 bar.

Those furnaces feature a compact design and due to lackof emission of contaminants and other noxious substancesmay be installed and operated in clean rooms andproduction facilities. They are equipped with a graphiteheating chamber which provides for heating the workloadto maximum temperature of 1300oC with temperatureuniformity of +/- 5oC and better. This is facilitated bycircumferentially located heating elements which work byradiation in vacuum and inert gas (convection, systemConFlap), which ensures effective and uniform heatingalso at low temperatures (tempering). The furnacequenches in high pressure inert gas (15 bar) with closed-circuit circulation enforced by a blower. The cooling gasis accelerated in circumferentially located nozzles to thevelocity of 50-70 m/s and hence directly onto theworkload where the heat is transferred and collected to aninternal heat exchanger. The system ensures very highintensity of cooling in nitrogen comparable to cooling infree oil (heat transfer coefficient up to 800 [W/m2K]) anduniformity throughout the entire working space as well asvery good penetration potential in the densely packedload (Fig. 5). This cooling system enables interruptedquenching by controlling cooling intensity through blowerrotation and gas pressure, depending on the surfacetemperature of a processed workpiece.

In the case of tools of defined shape it is possible toprogramme an adequate sequence of directing the inflowof cooling gas – dynamic cooling. The choice includes gasinflow from all directions, from top and bottom, from bothsides, 270o (4 options) and from the front (Fig. 6). Theprocess may progress statically or change dynamically atoptional sequence and time, thus allowing practicallyunlimited number of combinations. The above presented

Fig. 5. Cooling gas circulation at quenching phase shown on cross-section of VECTOR furnace.




options permit adjusting the cooling system operationdepending on the geometry of workpieces andconfiguration of the workload in order to improve coolinguniformity and reduce deformations of quenched details.

Cooling with circumferential 270o inflow, dynamicallychanged at appropriate time sequence, proved to beparticularly effective. A significant acceleration of coolingrate was achieved as well as better equalisation oftemperatures on workpiece surfaces.

The effectiveness of gas quench in VECTOR furnaces wasproved on a reference steel block sized 400/400/400 mm(Fig. 7.) by obtaining surface cooling rates substantiallyexceeding the minimum requirements for both NADCA –28oC/min and GM – 39oC/min. Depending on the size offurnace’s working space the following cooling rates of thesteel block surface were achieved quenched in nitrogen at14 bar:

– 1200 x 1200 x 1800 mm > 40oC/min– 900 x 800 x 1200 mm > 55oC/min– 600 x 600 x 900 mm > 80oC/min (over –

200oC/min for 24 bar He)

A vacuum furnace provides for the entire processing to beeffected in a single piece of equipment withouttransferring the workload, in a single work cycle, byperforming the sequence of: preheating for austenitization,interrupted quenching, mutiple tempering and alsonitriding. The process may be monitored by workloadthermocouples located at a critical place in the processedtool. Carrying out the treatment in vacuum and inert gasesfacilitates maintaining an ideal surface of the workpieces(Fig. 8).

Tool steel quench simulator

Defining interdependencies of structure, technologicalprocess and operating properties is of key importance forproper and optimum processes of tool manufacturing.Today the traditional trial-and-error method of

Fig. 6. Basic gas inflow options during quenching in VECTOR furnace.Top pictures: all around 360o, side-side, top-bottom. Bottom pictures: 4options of 270o.

optimalizing product properties and technologicalparameters is commonly replaced with simulation andprediction methods which permit having both the productand the technological process designed by computer. It isalso in the area of thermal and thermo-chemicalprocessing that we observe an increased interest in theapplications for modelling and simulation of suchphenomena. This pertains both to the progress of theprocess and to the final properties of the processedelements [9-15].

The G-Quench Pro software (Fig. 9.) which VECTORfurnaces are equipped with, is meant for simulation andcontrol of gas quench of tool steels and reduces the needfor test runs. The mathematical basis of quench processand the dependence of material hardness from cooling

Fig.7. Quench rate test acc. to NADCA on a reference steel block400/400/400 mm.

Fig. 8. A die in vacuu, furnace chamber following complex heattreatment.


time were drawn up following the research performed atthe Technical University of Lodz, Poland andSECO/WARWICK as well as available literature. A directresult of simulation is determining the course of coolingcurve in given conditions. Determination of cooling curveis done on the basis of the parameters of the material, theprocess and the physical workpiece such as quenchingtemperature, type and pressure of quench gas, dimensionsof the workpiece and its shape, workload density in thecooling chamber. Combined with individual phasediagram for the material, the curve provides feedback onthe phases through which the steel passes in the course ofquenching. The ultimate effect of the simulation isdefining the quench rate and expected final hardness ofthe material (at setup depth).

As mentioned earlier, the individual parameters of thequench equipment largely determine the actual progressof the process, thus causing the same parameters preset ontwo different machines to give different results. For thisreason, at the installation phase the software is configuredto suit a given physical piece of equipment. This way theindividual characteristics of a given furnace is also takeninto account when calculating the final properties of theproduct.

G-Quench Pro provides for monitoring of the quenchprocess in real time (on-line monitoring). In this mode thesoftware is connected to the furnace control system anddraws on-line the cooling curve on a phase diagram onthe basis of actual temperature measurements obtainedfrom workload thermocouples. This option permitsassessment of correctness of quench process while thelatter is still in progress and allows appropriateamendments to be introduced.

Fig. 9. Overall view of software for simulation and control of tool steelquenching process.

SUMMARY

Worked out by NADCA, the criteria and standards forproduction and exploitation of hot working steel arecommonly applied or adopted in both American andEuropean industry.

The guidelines cover an entire spectrum of processes andprocess control referring to tool manufacturing, beginningfrom raw material, then heat treatment to application andrepairs.

Heat treatment of hot working tools should be effected invacuum furnaces with gas quench and isothermal stop.

The treatment should be performed at appropriate heatingand cooling speed and should be monitored withworkload thermocouples to control temperature differencewithin the material.

Vacuum furnaces by SECO/WARWICK series VECTOR,equipped with high pressure gas quench system (to 25bar) with interrupted quench provide an ideal solution tomeet NADCA, FORD, GM and other requirementsconcerning complex heat treatment of hot working toolsteel. They also have potential to meet more restrictedrequirements in terms of cooling speed and uniformity inthe future.

The system of dynamic cooling enables programmed(sequential and temporal) defining of quench gas inflowdirection, which positively influences cooling uniformityand reduces deformations.

The G-Quench Pro quench simulator provides predictionof process results and optimum adjustment of coolingparameters to a given workpiece and the equipment,which ensures appropriate technological outcome.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] Nord American Die Casting Association: SpecialQuality die steel & heat treatment acceptance criteria fordie casting dies. Vacuum heat treatment, 2008.

[2] FORD Motor Company, Advanced ManufacturingDevelopment - DC2010: Die insert material and heattreatment performance requirements, 2005.

[3] GM Powertrain Group DC-9999: Die insert materialand heat treating specification, 2005.

[4] J. Olejnik: Vacuum furnaces with high pressure chargecooling. Metallurgy 3/2002.

[5] M. Korecki: Technical and Technological Properties ofGas Cooling in High Pressure Chamber. IX SeminariumNowoczesne trendy w obróbce cieplnej. Bukowy Dworek2005.

[6] J. Kowalewski, M. Korecki, J. Olejnik: Next GenerationHPQ Vacuum Furnace. Heat Treating Progress 8 2008.



GRANALLADORA DE GANCHO DE OCASIÓN– MARCA: ALJU– MODELO: REGINA 161-A– INTERIOR TODO DE MANGANESO– TOTALMENTE REVISADA Y GARANTIZADA.

GRANALLATECNICTel. 93 715 00 00 FAX 93 715 11 52

Email: [email protected]

www.metalspain.com/second-hand.htmMás información en http://metalspain.com/empleo.htm

FABRICANTE DE HORNOSbusca vendedor técnico para diferentes zonas de España y

América Latina.Contactar por correo electrónico a

[email protected]

TRATAMIENTO TERMICO T5Les escribo desde la fundición de aluminio inyectado Nemak

Spain. Estamos ubicados en Etxebarria, Vizcaya y nosdedicamos a la automoción.

Para una de las nuevas piezas necesitamos contactar conproveedores que ofrezcan el tratamiento térmico T5, y que a

su vez tengan el certificado CQI de Ford.

La búsqueda que hemos hecho localmente no nos ha dadobuenos resultados, porque aunque hay dos empresas que

cumplen estos dos requisitos: Imesaza y Sarasketa, ningunode los dos tienen capacidad suficiente. Nos urge mucho

encontrar algún proveedor bien sea local o nacional.

En espera de vuestra pronta respuesta

Saludos: Leire

Leire Omaetxebarria - NEMAK Spain - Spain, Head ofPurchasing

[email protected]

Phone: +34 94 616 9186 - Fax: +34 94 616 9149

www.nemak.com

FABRICANTE DE HORNOSbusca ingeniero con experiencia en el campo para su

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BAJÍO - INGENIERO DE MANUFACTURA DEENGRANES

INGLÉS: Fluido ESCOLARIDAD; ING. MECÁNICO, ING.INDUSTRIAL ADMINISTRADOR, CARRERAS A

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MANUFACTURA DE ENGRANES , ETC. PROGRAMAS OSOFTWARE; OFFICE (WORD, EXCEL), GAGE, GLEASONSOFTWARE, CALYX. HABILIDADES; ORIENTACIÓN ARESULTADOS. TRABAJO EN EQUIPO. TRABAJO BAJO

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[email protected]

HOT OPENING: BRAZING ENGINEER - SONORA,MEXICO

MUST HAVE a minimum of 1- 3 years experience in thermalprocessing with emphasis on brazing processes (furnace,

induction, torch, etc.) required and must also haveEngineering degree (or equivalent experience) inmetallurgical, materials, or welding engineering.

mail resumes to: [email protected]

SILAO, GTO. INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL (28K)Exp. Automotriz Ingles 90% Desarrollo de Procedimientos

Elaboración y seguimiento de métricos MétricosOperacionales Elaboración de Análisis de Capacidad

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coordinar proyectos de mejora Enviar CV [email protected]


QUENCHING AND TEMPERING CONTINUOUSMESH BELT

Manufacturer SCFEB - SAFED

Year 1991

Maximum capacity 200 Kg/h

Maximum temperature 950ºC

Heating Eléctrico

Serial number 3289

Charging/Vibrator SKAKO max 500 Kg

Washing machines (2) 48 Kw

Quenching furnace <950ºC – 100 Kw

Oil tank

Tempering furnace <500ºC – 60 Kw

contactar con REF1 [email protected]


http://metalspain.com/second-hand.htmhttp://metalspain.com/second-hand.htm

MESH BELT HEAT TREATMENT FURNACE FORSMALL DIMENSION PARTS

Manufacturer Acertra

Maximum temperature 900 ºC

Heating Electrical

Power 120 Kw

Mesh belt width 420 mm

Maximum lenght 9000 mm

Maximum weight 1550 mm

Oil tank Yes

Transporter mesh belt Yes

Electrical panel Yes

ROTATING FURNACE FOR SMALL DIMENSIONPARTS (NEUTRAL HARDENING, CARBURIZINGAND CARBONITRIDING, WATER QUENCHING)

Manufacturer S.I.B.Model Multiplex 3E – 286

Year of construction 2000Maximum Load 100 Kg/h

Maximum temperatura 950ºCHeating Electrical

Power36 Kw

380V / 3P / 50Hz Serial number 14795

Volume 105 dm3

Weight 2300 Kg

Charging Tubular vibrator

VENTA LAVADORA INOXIDABLE ALCALINAPERFECTO ESTADO, SEMINUEVA

MARCA: LAVALTERMSISTEMA DE SECADO

POTENCIA: 140KW2 CUBAS DE AGUA

MEDIDAS DE CARGA: 1500X1500X1500INCLUYE DECANTADOR PARA

SEPARAR ACEITE

CONTACTO: 605739726 SRA.CRISTINA

[email protected]

VENTA LAVADORA INOXIDABLE ALCALINAPERFECTO ESTADO, SEMINUEVA

MARCA: DBMSISTEMA DE SECADO

POTENCIA: 45KW2 CUBAS DE AGUA

MEDIDAS DE CARGA: 2COMPARTIMENTOS DE 46X38X24

CADA UNOINCLUYE DECANTADOR PARA

SEPARAR ACEITECONTACTO: 605739726 SRA.

CRISTINA

[email protected]

more at www.metalspain.com/second-hand.htm36 TRATAMIENTOS TERMICOS. NOVIEMBRE 2014

contactar con REF2 [email protected] contactar con REF 3 [email protected]

BATCH FURNACE FOR HEAT TREATMENT(NEUTRAL HARDENING, CARBURIZING AND

CARBONITRIDING, OIL QUENCHING)Manufacturer S.I.B.

Model Carbo 210Year 2002

Maximum Load 610x610x900 mm (320dm3)Maximum temperature 950ºC

Heating Electrical

Power100 KW

380V - 50HZ 3PHSerial number 14965

Oil Tank 5400 L (18Kw)

contactar con REF 4 [email protected]


http://metalspain.com/second-hand.htmhttp://metalspain.com/second-hand.htm

37TRATAMIENTOS TERMICOS. NOVIEMBRE 2014more at www.metalspain.com/second-hand.htm

ITEM NO.: 6304TYPE OF EQUIPMENT: Vacuum Furnace (Aluminum Brazing)MANUFACTURER: IpsenMODEL NO: VC 364836 (14)-RSSERIAL NO: 59213EFFECTIVE WORKING DIMENSIONS: 36” Wide x 48” Deep x 36” HighFUEL: Electric – 460/3/60 – 225 KWTEMPERATURE RANGE: 1400 Degrees F.DESCRIPTION: Horizontal Loading Aluminum Brazing Vacuum Furnace

complete with (10) Zones ofControl, Stokes 412 MechanicalVacuum Pump, Stokes 615 BoosterPump, Varian Diffusion Pump(32”), Alloy Internals, VRTTransformers, Single Swing-OutFront Door, Marley Water CoolingSystem, and Welch “Holding”Pump.

INSTRUMENTATION: Free-Standing Control Panel withHoneywell Digital ProgrammableTemperature Controller, LFESetpoint Programmer, LFE HighLimits, Televac Vacuum Gauges,and 10 Amperage Meters.

CONDITION: Very Good -Operational

OVERALL DIMENSIONS: 12’ Widex 10’ Deep x 11’ High

APPROX. WEIGHT: 25,000 lbs.PRICE: $215,000.00TERMS: Net Prior To Shipment

THE W. H. KAY COMPANY - 30925 Aurora Road - Cleveland,Ohio 44139 - 440-519-3800 FAX: 440-519-1455 -

Internet – http://www.whkay.com - Email – [email protected]

P R O P O S A L

NOTE: ALL EQUIPMENT IS QUOTED ON AN “AS IS” BASIS, F.O.B.TRUCK, POINT OF SHIPMENT – AND SUBJECT TO PRIOR SALE.

ITEM NO.: 20466TYPE OF EQUIPMENT: Car Bottom “Auto-Tilt” Furnace SystemMANUFACTURER: Sauder (1978)MODEL NO: TemperingSERIAL NO: 771601EFFECTIVE WORKING DIMENSIONS: 8’ Wide x 30’ Long x 4’ HighFUEL: Electric – 480/3/60 – 325 KWTEMPERATURE RANGE: 1400 Degrees F.DESCRIPTION: Ceramic Fiber Lined Recirculating Car Bottom “Auto-Tilt” Up

Furnace System complete with (3) Top-Mounted Alloy Recirculating Fans, AlloyAir Distribution Shrouds, (3) Zones of Control, Hydraulic Pump for LiftingCylinders, Powered Car with Cast Deck (60,000 lb. load capacity), and “Knife-Edge” Seal with Sand Seal.

INSTRUMENTATION: Free-Standing Control Panel complete with YokogawaDigital Temperature Controls (1 per zone). Also included is a large Free-StandingPower Control Panel with SCRProportional Power Controllerper zone.

CONDITION: Very Good –Operational.

OVERALL DIMENSIONS: Car:9’6” Wide x 36’ Long x 3’ HighFurnace: 12’7” Wide x 40’ Longx 11’ High

APPROX. WEIGHT: Car: 40,000lbs. - Furnace: 42,000 lbs.

PRICE: $179,000.00TERMS: Net Prior To Shipment

THE W. H. KAY COMPANY - 30925 Aurora Road - Cleveland,Ohio 44139 - 440-519-3800 FAX: 440-519-1455 -

Internet – http://www.whkay.com - Email – [email protected]

P R O P O S A L

NOTE: ALL EQUIPMENT IS QUOTED ON AN “AS IS” BASIS, F.O.B.TRUCK, POINT OF SHIPMENT – AND SUBJECT TO PRIOR SALE.




GUIA


Oct. 5th 2014



GUIA

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NOVIEMBRE 2014 • Nº 146