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Ukraine Gap Analysis USAID E&E Bureau Strategic Planning and Analysis Division July 2013

Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

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Page 1: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Ukraine Gap Analysis 

USAIDE&E Bureau

Strategic Planning and Analysis DivisionJuly 2013

Page 2: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Albania

Bosnia and Herz

Macedonia

Serbia

Montenegro

Kosovo

Croatia

Romania

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.Estonia

PolandLatviaLithuania

HungarySlovakia

Slovenia

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Belarus

Georgia

Ukraine

Russia

MoldovaKazakhstan

Tajikistan

Turkmenistan

Kyrgyzstan

Uzbekistan

1

2

3

4

5

1 2 3 4 5

Ratings are based on a 1 to 5 scale, with 5 most advanced. Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013), & EBRD, Transition Report 2012 (November 2012). 

Economic and Democratic Reforms, 2012

Democratic Reforms

Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia Threshold, 2006

Econ

omic Reforms

Figure 1

E&E Graduates

Balkans

E&E Eurasia

CARs

Page 3: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Economic Reforms, 2012Electoral 

Process, 3.0

Civil Society, 3.8

Independent Media, 3.0

National Governance , 

1.8Local 

Governance, 2.0

Rule of Law, 1.7

Corruption, 1.7

1

2

3

4

5

Democratic Reforms, 2012

Economic Performance, 2008‐2010

UkraineSmall‐scale Privatization, 

4.0 Trade and Foreign 

Exchange, 4.0

Price Liberalization, 

4.0

Large‐scale Privatization, 

3.0Enterprise 

Restructuring, 2.3

Competition Policy, 2.3

Banking Reform, 2.7

Non‐bank Financial 

Reform, 2.3

Infrastructure Reform, 2.6

1

2

3

4

5

Figure 2

GDP Growth, 2.5

Unemployment, 4.2

Macro Stability, 2.4

FDI,  2.6

Export Share & Composition, 

2.8Services as % GDP, 4.0

Private Sector Share of GDP, 

3.3

Energy Security, 2.0

Environmental Sustainability, 

2.2

Income Inequality, 5.0

1

2

3

4

5

Country Graduates

Country graduates = Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia.

Page 4: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Counter‐Terrorism, 

3.5

WMD, 5.0

Stabilization, 3.1

Counter Narcotics, 

2.5

Trans‐national Crime, 2.4

Conflict Mitigation, 

3.5

1

2

3

4

5

Ukraine

Peace and Security, 2009‐2010

GNI per capita, 2.0

Under‐5 Mortality Rate, 

4.0

Life Expectancy, 1.8

Environmental Health, 4.1

TB Incidence, 2.8

Public Exp.  Health, 2.8

Public Exp. Education , 4.3

Education Gaps, 4.0

Gender Inequality, 3.2

1

2

3

4

5

Human Capital, 2008‐2010

Country Graduates

Figure 3

Country graduates = Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia.

Page 5: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

UkraineEconomic and Democratic Reforms

Actual 1998‐2012 Projected 2013‐2017

The projections are extrapolations from the average annual trends from 2008‐2012.  The economic reform data  are drawn from the EBRD’s annual Transition Report, and the democratic reform data  are drawn from  Freedom House’s annual Nations in Transit.

Figure 4

Romania-Bulgaria-Croatia 2006 Threshold

Page 6: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Figure 5

USAID MCP system Data drawn from  Freedom House, Nations in Transit series and Freedom in the World series. The E&E Graduates (n=11) consist of Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria, and Croatia. The Balkans (n=6): Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Kosovo, Serbia, and Montenegro. E&E Eurasia (n=7): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine.  The Central Asian Republics or the CARs (n=5): Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

1 to 5 Scale

Democratic Reforms in Eastern Europe & Eurasia

1

2

3

4

5

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

CARs

E&E Eurasia

Balkans

E&E Graduates

Page 7: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Russia

Hungary

Kazakhstan

Ukraine

Kosovo

Slovakia

Turkmenistan

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

1 to 5 Scale

Democracy and Governance in Select Countries from 1996 ‐2012

Scores calibrated on MCP 1 to 5 scale. Drawn primarily from Freedom House, Nations in Transit; 2012 data drawn from Freedom in the World trends.

Figure 6

Page 8: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

1 to 5 Scale

Democracy and Governance in Ukraine from 1996‐2012Figure 7

Scores for anti‐corruption begin in 1998. Scores calibrated on MCP 1 to 5 scale. Source: Freedom House, Nations in Transit. 

Anti‐CorruptionRule of Law

Independent Media

Electoral Process

Civil Society

Governance

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

Page 9: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Afghanistan

TurkmenistanHaitiLaos

YemenPapua New Guinea

Congo RepublicNepal

HondurasNicaraguaMauritania

EcuadorEthiopiaArmeniaMexicoBenin

MoldovaSuriname

El SalvadorSerbia

MontenegroBrazil

Saudi ArabiaOmanLatvia

SeychellesHungaryPoland

Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesBotswana

AustriaChile

BelgiumIceland

SwitzerlandNew Zealand

Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index, 2012. Scores are based from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean).

Corruption Perceptions IndexFigure 8

Ukraine

Page 10: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Macroeconomic Reforms 

Drawn from the EBRD Transition Report  (2012 and earlier versions).  The E&E Graduates (n=11) consist of Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria, and Croatia. The Balkans (n=6): Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Kosovo, Serbia, and Montenegro. E&E Eurasia (n=7): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine.  The Central Asian Republics or the CARs (n=5): Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

Figure 9

E&E Graduates

Balkans

E&E Eurasia

CARs

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

1 to 5 Scale

Page 11: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Macroeconomic Reforms in E&E Eurasia

Georgia

Russia

MoldovaUkraine

Azerbaijan

Belarus

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Drawn from the EBRD Transition Report (2012 and earlier editions). 

Figure 101 to 5 Scale

Page 12: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Business Environment in 2011

World Bank, Doing Business 2012 (October 2011). 183 countries are included in the analysis. The business environment is gauged based on 10 aspects: starting a business; dealing with construction; hiring and firing workers; registering a property; getting credit; protecting investors; paying taxes; trading across borders; enforcing contracts; and closing a business.

Rank

Figure 11

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Singapore

Ireland

Geo

rgia

Latvia

Maced

onia

Estonia

Lithuania

Portugal

Sloven

iaKazakhstan

Slovakia

Hungary

Armen

iaMon

tene

gro

Bulgaria

Poland

Czech Re

pAzerbaijan

Belarus

Kyrgyzstan

Romania

Croatia

Moldo

vaAlbania

Serbia

Jordan

El Salvado

rKo

sovo

Russia

Bosnia & Herz.

Nigeria

Tajikistan

Ukraine

Afghanistan

Uzbekistan

Chad

Moldova

Page 13: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Percen

tile Ra

nk

World Bank, Doing Business 2012 (October 2011). The analysis is  based on 10 aspects: starting a business; dealing with construction; hiring and firing workers; registering a property; getting credit; protecting investors; paying taxes ; trading across borders; enforcing contracts; and closing a business.

Better Enviro

nmen

tMicroeconomic Reforms: The Business 

Environment in E&E Eurasia

Figure 12

Belarus

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Georgia

Moldova

Ukraine

Russia

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Page 14: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Microeconomic Reforms vs. Macroeconomic Reforms

Business Environment

Macroeconomic  Reforms

(Microeconomic Reforms)

World Bank, Doing Business 2012 and EBRD Transition Report 2011.  

Albania

Armenia

AzerbaijanBelarus

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech Republic

EstoniaGeorgia

HungaryKazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Latvia

LithuaniaMacedonia

Moldova

Montenegro

Poland

Romania

Russia

Serbia

Slovak Republic

Slovenia

TajikistanUkraine

Uzbekistan

Kosovo

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

45⁰

Figure 13

Page 15: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

E&E Graduates

Balkans

E&E Eurasia

CARs

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Economic Structural Change: Private Sector Share of GDP

% of GDP

EBRD, Transition Report (2011 and earlier editions). The E&E Graduates are Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria, and  Croatia. The Balkans are Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Kosovo, Serbia,  and Montenegro. The E&E Eurasia countries are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine.  The Central Asian Republics are Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

Figure 14

Page 16: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

The Lagging Economies in Economic Structural Change: Private Sector Share of GDP

% of GDP

EBRD, Transition Report (2011 and earlier editions). The lagging economies from among the Balkans (n=6) and the E&E Eurasian countries (n=7). 

Figure 15

Graduates

Ukraine

Bosnia‐Herz

Serbia

CARs

Belarus

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

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0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Fig. 16: Innovation: R&D Expenditures, Public and Private, 2005‐2010

% of GDP

Page 18: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

I. Gill and M. Raiser, Golden Growth: Restoring the Luster of the European Economic Model, World Bank (2012).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1995 2009

Labor productivity in E&E vs. EU‐15(constant 2005 US$, thousands)

Figure 17

Page 19: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

I. Gill and M. Raiser, Golden Growth: Restoring the Luster of the European Economic Model, World Bank (2012).

Tertiary Education Attainment

% of populationages 30‐34

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

EU15 E&E Graduates Serbia Macedonia Russia Armenia Ukraine

Figure 18

Page 20: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Figure 19

EBRD, Transition Report (2012).

Georgia

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Belarus

Moldova

Russia

Ukraine

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

1989

=100

Real GDP as a % of 1989 GDP in Georgia vs. E&E Eurasia Countries 

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I. Efficient but Dependent II. Inefficient and Dependent

IV. Efficient and IndependentIII. Inefficient but Independent

Energy Security, 2010

Energy Imports(Net % of energy 

use)

GDP per unit of energy use 

Global Average 

World Bank, World Development Indicators (2011).

Azer (5.5, ‐338) Turk (1.7, ‐265)

Alb

BH

BulCr

Mac

RomSrb

CzEst

HunLat Lth

Pol

Slk

Sln

Arm

Bel

Geo

Kyr

Mol

Rus

Taj Ukr

Uzb

USA

Argentina

Mexico

Denmark

Costa Rica

‐100

‐75

‐50

‐25

0

25

50

75

100

1234567891011

Australia (6.7, ‐119) Kaz (2.3, ‐109)

Figure 20

Page 22: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Years a

t birth

Life Expectancy at Birth

World Bank, World Development Indicators  (2011).

Figure 21

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Belarus

Georgia

Russia

UkraineMoldova

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Page 23: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Life Expectancy Gender Gap 

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Years

Figure 22

World Bank, World Development Indicators (2012).

Page 24: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

Male and Female Adult Mortality Rates

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Male Female

Figure 23

World Bank, World Development Indicators (2012).

Per 1

,000

Page 25: Ukraine gap analysis July 2013 · July 2013. Albania Bosnia and Herz Macedonia Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Croatia Romania Bulgaria ... Freedom House, Nations in Transit (June 2013),

UNAIDS Global Report, 2012; AIDS info dataset.

Estonia

Latvia

Belarus

Moldova

Russia

Ukraine

Kyrgyzstan

Tajikistan

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Percen

tage

 of P

opulation

Adult HIV Prevalence Rates, 2000 ‐ 2011Figure 24