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| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

2

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የኢትዮጵያና ሱዳን ድንበር ክለላ መስከረም 29 ቀን 2002 ዓ.ም. (October 9, 2009) እንደሚጀመር በእንግሊዘኛ ቋንቋ የሚታተመው ዕለታዊ የሱዳን ጋዜጣ ሱዳን ትሪቢውን መስከረም 8 ቀን 2002 ዓ.ም. ( September 18, 2009 ) ከዘገበው በኋላ፤ የድንበር ኮሚቴው ጉዳዩን በተመለከት ለኢትዮጵያውያን ወገኖቹ መስከረም 16 ቀን 2002 (September 26, 2009) ዓ. ም. መግለጫ ማውጣቱ የሚታወስ ነው። ከዚያም በማስከተል፤ የድንበር ኮሚቴው አባላት ለልዩ ልዩ የዜና ማሰራጫ አውታሮች በሰጡት ቃለ-ምልልሶች ወያኔ ከኢትዮጵያ ሕዝብ ጀርባ የሚሸርበውን ሥውር ደባ አጋልጠዋል። አሁንም በማጋለጥ ላይ ይገኛሉ። ይህ ከፍተኛ የሃገር ክህደት ሊቀሰቅስ የሚችለውን ኢትዮጵያዊ ቁጣና ከዚያም ተከትሎ የሚመጣውን አደጋ በመገንዘብ፤ የወያኔ ውጭ ጉዳይ ሚኒስቴር በድረ-ገጹ ላይ ወደ መስከረም 2002 ዓ.ም. መጨረሻ አንድ ማደናገሪያ መግለጫ አውጥቷል። ይኸው ማደናገሪያው መግለጫ በአጭሩ እንዲህ ይላል፡- “ አርብ መስከረም 18 ቀን 2009 በሱዳን ትሪቢውን ድረ-ገጽ ላይ በሱዳንና በኢትዮጵያ የድንበር ክለላው በጥቅምት 9 ቀን 2009 ይጀመራል ብሎ የሱዳንን የሃገር ውስጥ ጉዳይ ሚኒስትር በመጥቅስ ያወጣው ዜና ስህተት እና የሱዳንና የኢትዮጵያ የፖለቲካ ኮሚቴ (Ethio-Sudan Political Committee) ከግንቦት 18 እስከ 19 ቀን 2009 በአዲስ አበባ የመጀመሪያ ስብሰባ አድርጎ ያስተላለፈውን ውሳኔ የሚቃረን ነው። በውሳኔው መሰረት፤ የፖለቲካው ኮሚቴ ለጋራ ድንበር ኮሚቴው (Joint Boundary Committee) የሰጠው ትእዛዝ ጠቅላላ ድንበሩን በአስቸኳይ ከዜሮ ነጥብ ወደ ደቡብ አቅጣጫ የሚያጠቃልል ሙሉ በሙሉ ቅየሳና ቅኝት (Survey and reconnaissance) የሚደረግበትን የጊዜ ሰንጠረጅ እንዲያዘጋጅ ነው።የፖለቲካው ኮሚቴ ሌላው የተስማማበት ደግሞ፤ የአጠቃላይ የድንበሩ ቅየሳና ቅኝት ከማለቁ በፊት ዳግም የድንበር ክለላ (re-demarcation )እንደማይጀመር ነው።በጋራ ፖለቲካ ኮሚቴ ውሳኔ አኳያ፤ የጋራ ድንበር ቴክኒክ ኮሚቴ አዲስ አበባ ላይ ግንቦት 20 ቀን 2009 ባካሄደው ልዩ ስብሰባ የተስማማው፤ አጠቃላይ የድንበሩ ቅየሳና ቅኝት በጥቅምት 15 ቀን 2009 ተጀምሮ እስከ ግንቦት 2010 መጠናቀቅ እንዳለበት ነው። በዚሁ መሠረት፤ የኢትዮጵያ መንግሥት በራሱ በኩል በአለው የጋራ ድንበር ቴክኒክ ኮሚቴ የታቀደ ቅየሳና ቅኝት ሥራን ለማካሄድ የሚያስችለውን ቅድመ ዝግጅት በማካሄድ ላይ ነው። የሱዳን ሃገር ውስጥ ጉዳይ ሚኒስትር ድንበር ክለላው በሚቀጥለው ወር ይጀመራል ብለው የሰጡት መግለጫ ስህተት ነው። ስህተቱም ከቅንነት የመነጨ ነው ብለን እናምናለን...” ይላል። እንደተለመደው የወያኔ ቡድን ቃሉን ከማጠፉ በፊት፤ ይህ የውጭ ጉዳይ ሚኒስቴሩ መግለጫ ያመናቸውን ሦስት ( 3 ) አብይ ጉዳዮች ማገናዘብ ተገቢ ነው። እነርሱም፦ 1ኛ. የኢትዮጵያና ሱዳን የፖለቲካ ኮሚቴ (Ethio-Sudan Political Committee) ተብሎ የሚጠራ ከፍተኛ አካል መኖሩና የኢትዮጵያና የሱዳን የጋራ ድንበር ኮሚቴም (Ethio-Sudan Joint Boundary Committee) በፖለቲካው ኮሚቴ ሥር እንደሚሠራ፤ ይህ የኮሚቴ አወቃቀርና አሰራር ለረጅም ዓመታት ከኢትዮጵያ ሕዝብ ተደብቆ የቆየና ወያኔ ሲጋለጥ ተጨንቆ ያወጣው ምስጢር ነው። 2ኛ. የኢትዮጵያና የሱዳን የጋራ የድንበር ኮሚቴም (Ethio-Sudan Joint Boundary Committee) ከጥቅምት 5 ቀን 2002 ዓ.ም. (October 15, 2009) እስከ ግንቦት 2002 ዓ.ም.(May 2010) ድረስ የኢትዮጵያና ሱዳን ድንበርንና አካባቢውን ሙሉ በሙሉ እንደሚቀይስና ቅኝት እንደሚያደርግ፤ ይህ ደግሞ ወያኔ ሲጋለጥ ያወጣው ሌላው ምሰጢር መሆኑና እንዲያውም ሱዳን ትሪቢውን ያወጣውን ዜና የሚያጎለምስና የሱዳን ሃገር ውስጥ ጉዳይ ሚኒስቴር ድንበሩን ለማካለል የሚያደርገውን ዝግጅት የሚያስተጋባ ነው። 2 3ኛ. የድንበር ክለላው ከግንቦት 2002 ዓ.ም. ( May 2010) በኋላ እንደሚደረግና ከዚህም ጋር አያይዞ ወያኔ ያለፉት የኢትዮጵያ መንግሥታት የተቀበሉት የድንበር ክልል እንዳለ አስምስሎ በማቅረብ አሁን እርሱ

የሚያካሂደው ዳግም የድንበር ክለላ ( re-demarcation ) እንደሆነ መግለጹ፤ ወያኔ ያለፉት የኢትዮጵያ መንግሥታት የተቀበሉት የድንበር ክልል የሚለው ደግሞ፤ ሜጀር ( ሻለቃ ) ጉዊን የተባለ የእንግሊዝ ጦር መኮንን በ1902 ዓ.ም. (እ.አ.አ.) አስምሬአለሁ የሚለውን የወሰን ክልል ነው። ይሁንና የእንግሊዝ ቅኝ ገዥ ሻለቃ ያሰመረው መስመር መሠረት በማድረግ ፀረ-ኢትዮጵያ ወያኔ ቡድን ለሱዳን ይገባታል ብሎ ሽንጡን ገትሮ ኢትዮጵያን የሚሟገትበት የመከራከሪያ ነጥብና ቅጥፈት የሚከተሉት ታሪካዊ መረጃዎች ሙሉ በሙሉ ውድቅ ያደርጉታል፦ 1.ሻለቃ ጉዊን መሬቱን አካልያለሁ ሲልና በወረቀት ሲያሰምር፤ በኢትዮጵያ በኩል አንድም ተወካይ ስለአልነበረ የጉዊን የድንበር ማካለል ተግባር ከቅኝ ገዢዎች ማንአለብኝነት ተለይቶ ስለማይታይና የውል አፈጻጸም ሥርዓት የማይከተል በመሆኑ፤ 2.የ1896 ዓ.ም.(እ.አ.አ.) አድዋ ጦርነት ድል በቅኝ ገዥዎች ላይ በፈጠረው ከፍተኛ መደናገጥ ምክንያት 1902 ዓ.ም. (እ.አ.አ.) አካባቢ እንግሊዝና ጣሊያን በጋራ በመመሳጠር የሰሜንና የምዕራብ ኢትዮጵያን ድንበር ለመግፋት የማይፈጽሙት ሴራ ስለአልነበርና የሻለቃ ጉዊን ተልዕኮም ከዚያ ተገንጥሎ ሊታይ ስለማይችል፤ 3.ከአፄ ምኒልክ ዘመነ መንግሥት በፊትም ይሁን በኋላ ይህ ሻለቃ ጉዊን ከለለው የሚባለው መሬት ምን ጊዜም ከኢትዮጵያ ይዞታ ውጭ ሆኖ ስለማያውቅ፤ እንዲያውም በአፄ ቴዎድሮስና በአፄ ዮሐንስ ዘመነ መንግሥት የኢትዮጵያ ግዛት አሁን ሱዳን ተብሎ ከሚጠራው ሃገር በጣም ወደ ውስጥ የገባ ስለነበር፤ አሁን የመሬት ጥያቄ ከተነሳ የይገባኛል ጥያቄ ለማቅረብ ታሪካዊ መሠረት የአላት ኢትዮጵያ በመሆኗ፤ 4.አሁን ወያኔ ለሱዳን ለመስጠት የሚደገስበት የምዕራብና የደቡብ ምዕራብ ኢትዮጵያ ሰፊ ውሃ-ገብ ለም መሬት ደግሞ ለብዙ መቶ ዓመታት በኢትዮጵያ ድንበር ጠባቂዎችና የጎበዝ አለቆች እንደ ዓይን ብሌን እየተጠበቀ ለመቆየቱና ዕልፍ አዕላፍ ውድ ሕይወት እንደተከፈለበት ሕያው የታሪክ ማስረጃዎችና የሚታዩ ሰብዓዊና ተፈጥሯዊ ምስክሮች ስለሚገኙ፤ ስለዚህ ከላይ በተጠቀሱት ማስረጃዎችና በዓለም-አቀፍ የአሠራር ደንብ መሠረት፤ ወያኔ ከሱዳን ጋር የሚያደርገው የድንበር ክለላ ስምምነት ውድቅ ነው። ከዚህም ባሻገር፤ ከዋናው ባለጉዳይ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝብ በስተጀርባ የሚደረግ ማንኛውም ዓይነት ስምምነት ይሁን የድንበር ክለላ ጊዜውን ጠብቆ የሚፈነዳ ፈንጂ እንጂ ምንም ዓይነት ተቀባይነት እንደማይኖረው መታወቅ አለበት። ከዚህም ሌላ ወያኔ ኢትዮጵያን ለማዳከምና ብሎም ለማፈራረስ የተጠቀመበተ ዘዴ የቅኝ ገዢዎች ለራሳቸው ጥቅም ማስጠበቂያ ያሰመሩትን የድንበር መስመር በመቀበልና የቅኝ ገዢ ጠበብትን እንደ ምስክር በመጠቀም ነው። ይህ የወያኔ ገዢ ቡድን ሃገራችን ኢትዮጵያን ከዓለም ካርታ ለማጥፋት የሚያደርገውን የረቀቀ ውስብስብ ደባና ተንኮል እያንዳንዱ ኢትዮጵያዊ በጽሞና ተረድቶ፤ በልቡ ቀርጾ ይዞ ለታሪክና ለትውልድ ማስተላለፍ አለበት። ምን ያህል ወደር የሌለው ፀረ-ኢትዮጵያዊነት ስሜት በወያኔ ደም ሥር ውስጥ እንዳለ ለማስረዳት፤ የወያኔ መሪ መለስ ዜናዊ ለወያኔ ፓርላማ ማክሰኞ ግንቦት 12 ቀን 2000 ዓ.ም. የኢትዮጵያንና ሱዳንን ድንበር ጉዳይ በተመለከተ ባደረገው ንግግር የሱዳን ሕዝብና መንግሥት ብሔራዊ ጥቅም አስጠባቂና ተሟጋች ጠበቃ በመሆን የተናገረውን እንጠቅሳለን፦ “የእኔ የኔ ነው የእናንተን እንካፈል የሚል የኢትዮጵያን ተስፋፊነት አቋም ተሸክሞ ነው ያደረው፤ ይህን ተቀብሎ ነው ያደረው የሱዳን መንግሥት፣ ይህን ተቀብሎ ማደሩ ደግሞ እንደ ጅልነት ተደርጎ ሊወሰድ አይችልም፤ አርቆ አሳቢነትን ያመለክታል፣ የጋራ ጥቅም ማየትን ያመለክታል።” 3 ውድ ኢትዮጵያውያን ሆይ! የአንድ ትውልድ ኃላፊነት ቀዳማይ ትውልዶች ያስተላለፉትን የሃገርን ድንበርና ቅርስ፣ ቢቻል አሻሽሎና የበለጠ አጠናክሮ ባይቻል ደግሞ የተረከበውን ሙሉ በሙሉ ለሚቀጥለው ትውልድ ማስተላለፍ ነው።

አሁን በሕይወት ያለው ኢትዮጵያዊ ትውልድ ከአባቶቹ የተረከባትን ኢትዮጵያ ለሚቀጥለው ትውልድ የማስተላለፍ ግዴታ አለበት። እነ አፄ ቴዎድሮስ፣ አፄ ዮሐንስ፣ ራስ አሉላ አባ ነጋ፣ አፄ ምኒልክ፣ ቀስቶ፣ አባ ጅፋር፣ ደጃዝማች ዑመር ሰመተር፣ ደጃዝማች በላይ ዘለቀ፣ ደጃዝማች አበረ ይማም፣ ቢትወደድ አሊ ሚራህ፣ ራስ ውብነህ ተሰማ፣ ቢትወደድ አዳነ መኮንን፣ ሻለቃ አጣናው ዋሴ፣ ከዚያም የኡጋዴን፣ የቦረና፣ የገለብና ሃመርባኮ፣ የጋምቤላ ጀግኖች፣ ከዚያም ተያይዞ በቤንሻንጉል፣ በአሶሳ፣ በኦሜድላ፣ በቋራ፣ በአርማጭሆ፣ በጠገዴና ወልቃይት የኖሩ አያሌ ገበሬና ከብት አርቢ ወገኖቻችን፤ የኢትዮጵያን ድንበር ያስተላለፉልን በተለያዩ ጊዜያት የመጡትን ወራሪዎች ጋር በመፋለም ታላቅ ታሪካዊ ጀግንነት በመስራት በአጥንታቸው አጥረውና በደማቸው አስምረው ነው። እነዚህ አባቶቻችንና እናቶቻችን ያን ያደረጉት ፣ ቤተሰቦቻቸውን ተሰናብተው ደረቅ ስንቅ ጭነው ለብዙ ወራት በባዶ እግራቸው ተጉዘው አስፈሪ በርሃና ዱር

ወንዝና ዥረት አቋርጠው፤ ብዙዎችም በውሀ ጥም፣ በርሃብና በበሽታ መንገድ ላይ ቀርተው የተረፉት ድንበሩ ደርሰው በጦርና በሠይፍ ውርጅብኝ መካከል አልፈው ሕይወታቸውን ሰጥተውበት ነው። በተጨማሪም የታሪክ ማኅደር እንደሚያስረዳን፤ አሁን ወያኔ ለሱዳን ለማስረከብ የሚደግስለት የመተማ አካባቢ መሬት አፄ ዮሐንስ የኢትዮጵያን ዳር ድንበር ለማስከበር ከወራሪው የሱዳን ደርቡሽ ጦር ጋር በመፋለም አንገታቸውን በሰጡበት በመጋቢት 2 ቀን 1881ዓ.ም. ዕለት ከትግራይ፣ ከጎንደር፣ ከወሎና ከሌሎች ቦታዎች ለብዙ ወራት ተጉዘው በቦታው የተገኙ በብዙ ሽህ የሚቆጠሩ ወገኖቻችን ታሪካዊ ጀብዱ ፈጽመው ለሃገራቸው ክብር ደማቸውን ያፈሰሱበትና አጥንታቸውን የከሰከሱበት ቦታ ነው። ታዲያ ስንት መስዋዕትነት የተከፈለበትን ሃገር የውያኔ ቡድን አያት ቅድመ-አያቶቻችን በሠሩት ቤተ መንግሥት መሽጎ የሃገራችንን ዳር ድንበር እንደ ዳቦ እየቆረሰ ለባእድ አገር በችርቻሮ ሲያስረክብ ዝም ብሎ እንደማየት የበለጠ አስነዋሪና አሳፋሪ ሕይወት ሊኖር

አይችልም። ኢትዮጵያዊ ሁሉ ይህን የሃገር ክህደት እጥብቆ ሊቃወመውና ሃገራዊ ግዴታውን ለመወጣት የሃገሩን ዳር ድንበር ለማስከበር ቆርጦ መነሳት አለበት። ስለዚህ በወቅቱ ከእየአንዳንዳችን የሚጠበቀው ከዋናው ባለጉዳዩ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝብ በስተጀርባ፤ የድንበር ጠባቂ ወገኖቻችንን በማፈናቀል እየተደረገ ያለውን የሃገር ክህደትና የመሬት ችርቻሮ ለድንበሩ ቀናኢና ለወገኑ ተቆርቋሪ ለሆነው ኢትዮጵያዊ ወገናችን ማለትም፦ ለወታደሩ፣ ለአርሶ-አደሩ፣ ለወዝ-አደሩ፣ ለመንግሥት ሠራተኛው፣ በተለያየ የሥራ ዘርፎች ለተሰማራው ሙያተኛ፣ ለተማሪው፣ ለወጣቱ፣ ለሴቶችና አረጋውያን በያሉበት ዜናዎችን በአፋጣኝ በማድረስ በአንድነት እንዲነሱና አቅማቸው በፈቀደው ደረጃ ሃገር ከሃዲውንና ሻጭ የወያኔ ቡድንን በአጽንዖት እንዲታገሉና እንዲቃወሙ ጥሪ ማቅረብ ነው። የኢትዮጵያ ዳር ድንበር በቆራጥ ልጆቿ ተጋድሎ ይከበራል!!! ኢትዮጵያ ለዘላለም ትኑር !!! የኢትዮጵያ ድንበር ጉዳይ ኮሚቴ

Tjz%� c&±�x vRÀ\ ¾OeIJ �Òz% m³n²R– O_z%T v«D ¹^c Šv`"" v®O| ™�Å Ñ&±+ ¹QÀ[Ó� žOI« ®HT ¹zcwcv# ™|H+}‚ ¹Qdzñv| ¹«ÅÅ` m� Š«"" ñ¡¡\� HOOJž|� v±&F {Io «ÅÅ` I¾ ¹Qdzñ|� eú`z•‚ U^J HOeÖ| ¹}a�} ‹ª]¬‚ ¹™¹\ çw¾ d¾vÓ^€« ž«ÅÅ\ OÊO` ™emÅO« žO¨ÃÀ]¼« Yõ^ zÑ”zªJ"" v±&F «ÅÅ` ž40 AÑ^| ¹zÒv±# ™|H+}‚� ÛTa 20 h&F c¬‚ HOdzõ zO³Óv« OŠi c®| vOÖwvo I¾ �€«"" ¹ÁžT _e}^�| wHv+| R¾¡ oÁe w±ÒÊJ� ¹OÓv&¼ ïnÅ ̈ À «ÅÅ\ OÊO]¼ eõ^ ±Ho�"" ¾F� ±Ñw HKª`¼ Ò±+× HRo[x vŠv[” Ø[| žzOÀvJ” eó^ pS Ó^ m’%� ™R|` ¼³ž#”"" v«ÅÅ\ HOdzõ ž™&|¿å¼ ¹OÖ#|� ¹™&|¿å¼ v#Å� ™wI| žO¨ÃÀ]¼« eõ^ ™¹Bª€«"" BH#T RH| ¾�IJ ™Âe �€«"" «ÅÅ\� HOOJž| ¨¾T HO±Ñx ¹OÖ#|� On’| ¼³ž#"" vo`x `m| ÊÓ�« iTvJ T\é� ™¹B|"" ¨ÃHv| ™O^B� cIT{ ™m[xž#"" ™çó«� v™¡xa| OHcJ”"" Çw�Ä^ ™J¼³¡T?È ™H”"" vzH¾ ž™Ñ` `p HQ�`� HQ¨ÃÀ` w�Ä^ |Jo |`Ñ#T ™H«"" vÓH+ ™ï`ž#— TOJc« ™×B"" ̈ ¼« «ÅÅ\ H&ÊO` Øm*| c¢�Æ‚ eHm\| ¹«ÅÅ\ ™eÊR] ™&|¿å¼ª*«� ÊÓ� iTvJ T\é ¾õÖ` ¨À ReÊO]¼« eõ^ ›�ÂO× Ç¾ïHÒH#È ¹QJ OJ›¡| zIHï"" ™¾�€ v›�w zUH#"" ¹«ÅÅ\� ™±ÒЂ vJv+ ÀÒÓS ™OcÑ�ž#ª€« - ™&|¿å¼ª*«� ÊÓ� wHO`d{€«� vR¡v^€«""

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¹¨�Æ‚ ¹R^}� zd{ò¬‚ vOÓw| I¾ �€«"" veõ^« ¹zÑ’« ¹eú`| ™õn] ÅÒõ ›¹cÖ dH ¹c+| ¹R^}� bá‚ ž«ÅÅ` RÖ�mm*¼« eõ^ On[w€« zŠÑ["" àxÛw« mÖH"" vÅ�Ñ| ™�Å c« 21 ž&H:S|\� 42 ž&H: S|` žaÖ‚« ž™&|¿å¼ª*~ ™|H+| žRŒ Ôv� Ò` v›ž#J c®| «ÅÅ\� Û[c"" veõ^« ¹Šv`« c« žõz“ U^J cÖ«"" ¹Ò±+Ö•‚ |ž#[|T ¨À±&F c« ´["" v±&F «ÅÅ` žOdzñ vzÛR] vOà« T`Þ ›�ÀR¾dzõ vOÓHç# Šv` ž�z*ü Äû&Å QH` |ž#[| ¹dv«"" v±&F ODJ ™|H+| ™RŒ Ôv� [ž`Å vOYv` \Þª� RÖ�mu% žõz“ ™Å�p| Šv` žzOJŸ€% ¹z€^|"" ž±&¼T ¹™T�ª iT÷*¿� PH# cyn� žvv#j D¾H+ zž{|H« vOÓw| v™Ÿwv&« ¹Šv[«� ¹Yú`| ›õn] ™Êx ™c’%|"" w�Ä^‚� žõ xI ›�Å|«HvHx� ¹AÑ^‚� eT vReÖ^{€« TeÒ� ¾Ów€«"" ›Š±&F ™&|¿å¼ª*¼� ™|H+}‚ v}a�} ÔÃ�¬‚ I¾ eH Ozwv`– v™�ÅŠ| H™�Å ®IR OY^| T� ¼FJ «Ö+{R ›�ÀQ¼À`Ó� ž{HO« Óx ›�ÀQ¼À`e ™ezT[«�J""

| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

3

™[�ÕÄ« Ô`õ v}a�} የወያኔ የተለመደ ቅጥፈትና ማደናገሪያ

ከኢትዮጵያ ድንበር ጉዳይ ኮሚቴ የተሰጠ መግለጫ ጥቅምት 5 ቀን 2002 ዓ.ም. (October 15, 2009 )

| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

4

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| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

5

Hç[-R`¼T z�wI| ¹m[v TÓ{`!)

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žo`x Ñ&±+ ¨ÂF v«à AÑ` vQ�\ ™&|¿å¼«¼�� ™`|^ª*¼� OŸžJ ¹O¨¼¼ `›e G� ¼H« ¹™&|¿å¼� ¹™+`|^ ¹¨Àò| ›ÅJ� Ó�’%Š| T� OG� ™�ÃHv| vzÀ[Ñ# «¾¾}’ v™&|¿å¼ vž#J ùaôc` Ã�™+J ¡�Ä� v™+`|^« TB` ùaôc` õeKé¿� OÅFŒE z±ÒÏz« ¹m[v#| ™ŠÒÒ]� ™¨¼¾ Ñ#ÿ‚ �€«""

™&|¿å¼�� ™+`|^� vT� ™¾Š| OJ¡ RÑ�’| ¾�IJ HQH« `›e BHz% TB^� ¹¹vž#I€«� ™ez¼¹| cØzªJ"" BHz%T TB^� vBHz%T AÑa‚ ™�ÅŠ|� «FÀ| ¹Q¼T‹ c&G� JºŠ}�€« ùaôc` Ã�™+J ¹BHz% ™Ña‚ «FÀ| ÇvïÄ_j�È ¾B� c&H#– ùaôc` õeKé¿� ÀÓU Çv¢�ïÀ_j�È ¾B� Š« ¹QH#|""

TB^‹ ¾F�� ™x¾ Ñ#þ c&¼Šc# žBHz% AÑa‚ õ€* vBªI vM³y�€« OŸžJ ¹zÀ[Ñ#|� ÙaŠ}‚– ™B�

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™&|¿å¼� ™+`|^ vôÀ_j�T GŠ v¢�ôÄ_j� žOªDÀ« vò| Ož�¨� ¼Hv|� ›Jw| H&¼Ñ” ¹QÑw« ™�Å Ñ#þ ™H"" ¾¤«T ¹™&|¿å¼ ¹wF` v` Ñ#þ Š«"" ™&|¿å¼ ¹wF` v` ¼eïJÒ{J"" vmÅU ¹eT ™Ö^\ wF[ ŠÒj ¹™B‹ m¾ wF` wHv+| ¹Šv[‚« ™Ñ^‚� ™&|¿å¼ ¾F�� wF` ›ež o`x Ñ&±+ Å[e vwHv+|Š| ¾²« ›�ÀŠv[« vzH¾T žõz“ ¹ �ÓÅ ›�oenc+ ¾À[Óv| ›�ÀŠv` {]¡ ¼e[Ã�J"" žo`x Ñ&±+ ¨ÂF Ó� ¾F Ox~ zŠõÑ#ª| ¨Àx ™Jw žOG‹ªT vI¾ v±&B T¡�¼| žõ|F R×|� vŠèŠ|

ŸHO�` wiÑ` H™&¢�Q¼‚� Op`p³ ªŠ“« T¡�¼| G‘J"" ¾F ›�ÀeP |`Ñ#ªS v™&|¿å¼ª*¼� ÀT ¹mHO« m¾ wF` ¹FJ«�‚� ªŠ“« OW[| vOG‹ ¹™&|¿å¼ M³x ›c# ¹O[Ö« O�ÓY| ›ež&O×� vwF\ I¾ ¼H«� ¹wHv+|Š| Ox| ›ežQ¼eÖxoH| Ñ&±+ Å[e ؼm,« v«eׂ� «eØ zÃõ� ¹Q�` H›«Šz“ wHv+z% ›eŸJzOHc Ñ&±+ Å[e F¼« ؼm, G� ¾�^J"" H±&FT Š« ¹™&|¿å¼� ¹™+`|^ ¹¨Àò| ›ÅJ ±¨|` vؼm, TJ¡| «eØ ¼H«"" eHGŠT žBHz% AÑa‚ «FÀ| vT�T OJž# ¾ªFÁ ž±&¼ vò| ¹™&|¿å¼ ¹wF` v` Ñ#þ Oõ|E ¼Ó” eJ vBH| T¡�¼}‚ Š«"" ¾¤«T"-

¼HõIÔz% vÑ�׿‚� ™eÑ�׿‚ Ù`Š| ž›�| AÑ\– ž±&¼T ™Jö ž¨Ñ‹ žÔd« ›�ÂH¾ ¹zï[Àv| ™cx ›ež Téª ¹Q�[« ¹™ó` M³x zH¼¾} O�` ¹Hv|T"" ¹c« JЂ OÑ“

¹GŠ« ¹™ó` M³x� ¡JJ HwHOxz% H™&|¿å¼ M³x OOHe ™Hv|"" ¹™&|¿å¼¹wF` wHv+|Š|

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²_ v&H¼ºT� ¹zH¼º c�Ào ®IR¬‚�T v&¼«HvJv# M³v# vwFH# ™�Å ™¾Š| Š«— ™vIH#– ™Hwvc#– cIT| a™c×Ö#– ›TŠz% ¹Q¼žx[« vÓJ m%ª�m%ª« ¹éBõ òÀI| ž±&¼T ™Jö ›ež ™B�T ™+`|^ «eØ ›¹zmOÖ ™&|¿å¼ª*¼� Š� xH« ¹Q¼T‹ ™+`|^ª*¼�� ™&|¿å¼ «eØT GŠ ™+`|^ «eØ zªJÆ zÒx} ¹�[«�

BH#T ¼H«� ‚Ó` vOõ^| H^c# T�Šz%� ™Tp ¹¼±«� m%Ø` e�¾ H:eOH¼¹| ¹À[c#| võIÔ{€« Š« HRH| ™¼eÀõ`T""

¨¼Ž ™&|¿å¼� ¹wF` v` ™Jw ŸÀ[Ò| vBªI– vBHz% AÑa‚ ¹zïÖ[« ¹Å�v` Óà| T� ¼FJ ¨Ñ��‚� ›�ÃHm% BI‚�T ¹T�«m« Š«"" ÅÒS Ù`Š| «eØ OÓw|� ™�ïJÓT"" zH¼¾z�T Op¹z%� žO[Ø� ¨À Ù`Š| H&¨eÁ� ¹Q‚H# ŠÑa‚ vPH# zÖ�z« vBHz%T AÑ` M³y‚ o� ™OHŸž| O¨ÑÅ ™Hw€«"" BI‚�T vcIT O�` ›�ïJÒH�"" eH±&F ¨À±&F ¹Ù`Š| ™±#]| «eØ ›�Ã�Ñw ž«FÀz% vò| ¹™&|¿å¼ ¹wF` v` Oõ|E ¼Ó”"" ŸHvH±&¼ ¾F�� d�ï{ «FÀ| «eØ žÑw� ™�Å Ñ#Jvz“ zŠe} Hx�‚� ›�G�H� ŸH H+I ¹Ù`Š| ™±#]| «eØ OÓw{‚� Š«� ž«FÀz% vò| ¹wF` v^‚�� ›�eOJe"" ÇÃy zp[c Ûª{ ï[c" ›�þG�""

ÇÛª{ ï[c Ãy zp[cÈ ›�þG

| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

6

• ™&QÓ_j� • û&² • ¹FÓ «¡J�

z*ŸT ž+ II– ¹FÓ Övn

Toronto Main Office: 1203B Bloor St. W., Toronto, ON, M6H 1N4 (Between Lansdowne & Dufferin)

Tel: 416-532-2801 • Fax: 416-532-4942email: tklalla@rogers.com

Mississauga Home office:5159 Hidden Valley Court (Eglinton & Creditview)

Tel: 905- 812-8004 (Evening & Weekends - By appointment only)

Tikam K. Lalla, LL.B.

• House Purchase/Sale/ Mortgages • Wills • Incorporation • Business• Immigration • Visa • Declarations • Power of Attorneys • Notarizations

• BARRISTER • SOLICITOR • NOTARY PUBLIC

žÀ[Ê Ôh# vI€«

žÑé 2 ¹´[O�` ›�‚J ›�Ä| H&¼Ó±# ¾‚IH# ¹QH« ›�À“« c&G�– vBHz“ À[Í ÀÓU RFv[cwª* ¹F|O| «Ö+}‚ ¹¨Àò| ¯ÅJ T� ¾OeIJ– ¨Àò| OmÖJ ¾‚IH#? ¹QJ Šv`""

¹Kª`¼ ¨ž&J vO¨¼¼ `›f‚ I¾ ›�À oÀT zžzI€« ÑHè ¹cÖw€« c&G�– ¹Kª`¼� ™ÊRO`� ¹[ÏT ®O{| BHÑx ¹™ÑJÓH:| zÓwa‚ OŠi ™Å`ÕJ"" cS� ™S]Ÿ M³wª* OW[z% žzH¼º AÑa‚� wFH:‚ ¹OÖ# ¹c« JЂ ¹cï\v| ¡õH ®HT OG‹� ¹ÑHç« ¨ž&J– ¹OÅvH RFv^ª* ¹F|O| «Ö+}‚� ¹H+H:€%T ¹x±#D� OÑ�“¬‚ (^¿– z,H+û&·�..¨±z) ÖmS{� ™ÑJÓH:|

v&¼�e vZe| À[ͬ‚ H&ÖnHJ ›�ÀQ‚J ™OI¡~J"" ¾¤«T– 1“) ž›�| AÑ^‚� Ò` Ó�’%Š{‚� ›�þu[Ø– 2“) vT��`v| Fx[zcx «eØ ›�À ÅJž G� HRÑJÑJ– 3“) R�Š|� HOÖvo� vúHz*Ÿ– ™&¢�Q� RFv^ª* Ñé{¬‚ ¢QŒz*« Ø�Ÿ_ ›�¼є ¼Ó²H# ¹QJ c&G�— ¹RFv^ª* F|O| «Ö+}‚� ¹¨Àò| ›× ó�{ vzOHžz ÀÓU ¹F|O| «Ö+}€% ¼Hw€«� žwÅ ‚Ó` Öof ŠÑ` Ó� ¹RFv[cv# ¹±¨|` ™¾�� Ða vOG�€« ›�À RFv[cv# ›ÅÑ|� Å¡O| ™x[« ¹QmØH# OG‹� ™|~J"" v‚Ó` À[Í žzÖmc#| OŸžJ ¹™&�z`Ž| Ó”|� Oeóó| ™�Á c&G�– ¹™Âc# |«JÅ žwFH#�

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z�Ò]¬‚ vcÚ€« ÖnQ O�À`À]¼¬‚ I¾ vOŠd| zd{ò¬‚ cò «¾¾| ¼ŸEÁ� ÖnQ zO¡a¬‚� ¹zHª¨Ö# c&G�– v¢�ï[�c# ™±ÒЂ vž#J žõz“ ™Å�p|� ™|`ó<J"" žBH#T vI¾ Kª`¼ |Jo |ž#[| zcØ~| Šv`"" H+H:‚ BHz% ¹F|O| «Ö+}‚ ¹Q±ÒË| v›�ÓH&³“ u�u c&G�– Kª`¼ Ó� OW[~� wFIª* u�uª� vRÅ[Õ H¢�ï[�c# ¹«¾¾| ®IR ¹ÑÖO Šv`"" BH#T z¨Ÿ¿‚ vz-IHï« OJ›¡| OW[| ¹F|O| «Ö+}�€«� o̬‚ ¾±« OØz« eHŠv` H¢�ï[�c# zd{ò¬‚ ›¾{ m`w;J""

¹Œ« ¿`¡ v+z OéKõ RFv` ®O{ª* ¹ �ÓÅ |¯¾�|� ¢�ï[�e ™ŸEÀ—

žÑé 1 ¹´[ ¾F BHz“ Ñ&±+¼€« c&G�– v±&F excw ™�ÃHï« excw BH# ™emÅO« ¼R[\|� veT H&Ö\| ¼JïHÑ#| Ñ#þ v&�` '™&|Œ¡' (Ethnic) ¹QH«� OÑHÞ Š«"" ›�ÀO]« ™OHŸž| vŸ�ê*Šz% ¹QvIHØ |�j� |Jo Ÿ�ê* eHH+H ¾F� nJ xÖmT ±+Ô€,� ™d�h+ ¹zOH¡|B ¾OeH“J xHªJ"" vzH¼º `¯f‚ OÓHÞ€«� ¹Ø¼m,� OJe J««Ù�€« I¾ ›¹ÀÒÑP ›�¼³I€« weÀOÖ#| �ÓÓ^€«– Ç™�Å Ÿ�ê*– Ÿ�ê* Š«– Ÿ�ê* Š«– ™¬ Ÿ�ê* Š«!!È (a Ca-

nadian is a Canadian, a Canadian,

and a Canadian!) ¹QH« ¹¯Hz% D¾H nI€« Šv`"" vzH¾R– ±+ÓŠ{€« Ÿ�ê* ¹G‹ ¹RFv[cx ™wI| ¨À¹|«JÅ ™Ña�€« ¨¾T ¹Y^ Ñ#x”|� ¨ÃÏ ±OÅ HOÖ¹o ¨ÀzH¼º ¹®HT ™Ÿwv&¬‚ c&Ñ#ª±# v¹À[c#v| AÑ` vÛŸ” ›Ð‚ I¾ ¨Åm« eHQ€Ñ\� À^j eHQ¼Ö# Ÿ�ê*¼� c&�Ñ\ veS| ¾ª×H#"" Q/` ™&Ó�z,õ (Mr. Igna-

tieff ) |ž#[| cØz« ÑHè žcÖ#w€« Ñ#ÿ‚ OŸžJ ¹™&¢�Q« ÓeÒc+� Y^ ™ØŠ| ‚Ó`– zO××” O�]¼ v+|– |TF`|� Ö+�� ™eOJ¡} cò ÑHè ¼À[Ñ# c&G� ¹®HT Fx[zcx� wF`¼| ™Ÿ{ ¹¼±‚« Ÿ�à v®HT ™mõ Ó�’%Šz%ª x±# J|c^ ›�ÀT|‚J ¼I€«� ØJo ›TŠ| ÑJçªJ"" žUI ÔÀJ ¹OI« ®HT m%ª�m%ª¬‚ Ÿ�à «eØ ¾ŠÑ^H# ¼H#| O]– ±+Ô�‚� Ÿ�à ›�À F�Å� �¾� žOdcH# AÑa‚ ÒJ HQ�^| ¹�ÓÅ Ó�’%Š| vmIH# vOÓww| ™x¾ Q� H&Þ¨z% ¾‚IH# xHªJ""®HT ™mõ Ó�’%Š|� vzOHžz

Jº Jº ؼm¬‚ m`v«I€« Rx^]¼cØzªJ"" ž±&FT ™ž#ª¼– v¹AÑa‚ ¹ÄU¡^c&� cx™ª* Ox}‚ ؼm,– ¹™«ÃQ ¹Ù` Od]¼¬‚� ›joÅÅT vzOHžz– v«¾¾| CÀ| I¾ eIH# {IIo ™HT ™mõ Ñ#ÿ‚ I¾ Jº Jº ؼm,¬‚ m`v«I€« žø`z*¼€« ™m%ªT ™ž#ª¼ Rx^]¼ cØ|ªJ""

¹Ÿ�à xE^ª* ¹FÃ×� F|O|� OÑ�“ T¡` v+| ¹H&v^H#� ø`z* O]

™ez�ÑÀ!

By Jonathan Amos

Science reporter, BBC News

An ancient human-like

creature that may be a di-

rect ancestor to our spe-

cies has been described by

researchers.

The assessment of the 4.4-

million-year-old animal called

Ardipithecus ramidus is re-

ported in the journal Science.

Even if it is not on the direct

line to us, it offers new insights

into how we evolved from the

common ancestor we share

with chimps, the team says.

Fossils of A. ramidus were

fi rst found in Ethiopia in 1992,

but it has taken 17 years to

assess their signifi cance.

The most important speci-

men is a partial skeleton of a

female nicknamed "Ardi".

If Ardipithecus ramidus

was not actually the species

directly ancestral to us, she

must have been closely re-

lated to it The Ardipithecus

project team

The international team has

recovered key bones, includ-

ing the skull with teeth, arms,

hands, pelvis, legs, and feet.

But the researchers have

other fragments that may

represent perhaps at least 36

different individuals, including

youngsters, males, and fe-

males.

One of the lead scientists

on the project, Professor Tim

White from the University of

California, Berkeley, said the

investigation had been pains-

taking.

"It took us many, many years

to clean the bones in the Na-

tional Museum of Ethiopia and

then set about to restore this

skeleton to its original dimen-

sions and form; and then study

it and compare it with all the

other fossils that are known

from Africa and elsewhere, as

well as with the modern age,"

he told the journal.

"This is not an ordinary fos-

sil. It's not a chimp. It's not a

human. It shows us what we

used to be."

Tree life

The fossils come from the

Middle Awash study area in

the Afar Rift, about 230km

northeast of Addis Ababa,

Ethiopia's capital.

Some of the characteristics

of the animal's skeleton are

said to echo features seen

in very ancient apes; others

presage traits seen in later,

more human-like species.

The scientists say 1.2m-high

(4ft) Ardi was good at climb-

ing trees but also walked on

two feet. However she did not

have arched feet like us, indi-

cating that she could not walk

or run for long distances.

"She has opposable great

toes and she has a pelvis that

allows her to negotiate tree

branches rather well," ex-

plained team-member Profes-

sor Owen Lovejoy, from Kent

State University, Ohio.

"So half of her life is spent

in the trees; she would have

nested in trees and occasion-

ally fed in trees, but when

she was on the ground she

walked upright pretty close to

how you and I walk," he told

BBC News.

That she lived in what would

have been a wooded area 4.4

million years ago is somewhat

challenging, says the team. It

had been thought that early

human evolution was driven, if

only in part, by the disappear-

ance of trees - encouraging

our ancestors to walk on the

ground.

"These creatures were living

and dying in a woodland habi-

tat, not an open savannah,"

said Professor White.

Because of its age, Ardip-

ithecus is said to take science

closer to the yet-to-be-found

last common ancestor with

chimps, our close genetic

relatives. And because many

of Ardipithecus' traits do not

appear in modern-day Af-

rican apes, it suggests this

common ancestor may have

existed much further back in

time than had previously been

supposed - perhaps seven or

nine million years ago.

Comparisons with modern

chimp and gorilla anatomy

also under-

line just how

much these

African apes

themselves

have evolved

since part-

ing compa-

ny with the

line that led

eventually to

modern hu-

mans.

R a p i d

evolution

A s k e d

whether A.

ramidus was

our direct an-

cestor or not,

the team said

more fossils

from different

places and

time periods

were needed

to answer the

question.

"We will

need many

more fos-

sil recover-

ies from the

period of

3-5 million

years ago to

conf ident ly

answer that

question in

the future,"

the scien-

tists said in a

briefi ng doc-

ument that accompanied their

journal papers.

"But if Ardipithecus ramidus

was not actually the species

directly ancestral to us, she

must have been closely relat-

ed to it, and would have been

similar in appearance and

adaptation. It has been a 17-

year investigation to assess

the discoveries Independent

experts in the fi eld are struck

by how primitive Ardipithecus

appears compared with the

Australopithecines, another

group of hominid (human-like)

creatures from Africa that lived

slightly nearer to us in time.

One species in particular,

Australopithecus afarensis,

the famous "Lucy" fossil found

in 1974, is very strongly linked

into the human story because

of its developed walking abil-

ity. For Ardipithecus rami-

dus to also sit on that direct

line seemed to require some

rapid evolutionary change,

commented Professor Chris

Stringer from London's Natu-

ral History museum.

"With Australopithecus start-

ing from four million years ago,

one would have thought that

things would have moved fur-

ther down the line by 4.4 mil-

lion years ago," he told BBC

News.

"OK, you can have very

rapid change, perhaps; or Ar-

dipithecus might be a residual

form, a relic of a somewhat

older stage of evolution that

had carried on. Perhaps we

will fi nd something more like

Australopithecus at 4.4 million

years old somewhere else in

Africa."

Jonathan.Amos-INTER-

NET@bbc.co.uk

| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

7

FOSSIL FINDS EXTEND HUMAN STORY

Natural History Museum's

Professor Chris Stringer: "The

skeleton is very primitive"

An impression of what "Ardi" would have looked like based on the

fossil fi nds

| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

8

Ö+õ Ám,|

žÖ+õ Ám,| vzÛR]– RjI Ám,|– Óxe Ám,|– jTx^ Ám,|– Á^T– ¢TY^ v¼¾Šz% ›�m`wH�""

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH HONORS TOP RIGHTS DEFENDERS

DEFENDERS WORK TO END ABUSES IN BURMA,

CONGO, ETHIOPIA, AND RUSSIA

Bo Kyi, Burma

These extraordinary individuals

confront tremendous challenges

every day, yet they work selfl essly

to end human rights violations and

bring abusers to justice. We hope

this award, named for Alison Des

Forges, will inspire and protect them

as they struggle to uphold human

rights in their countries.

Kenneth Roth, executive director

of Human Rights Watch

(New York) - Four courageous and

tireless advocates of human rights -

from Burma, Democratic Republic of

Congo, Ethiopia and Russia - have

been awarded the prestigious Alison

Des Forges Defender Award for Ex-

traordinary Activism, Human Rights

Watch said today. The four work to

uphold freedom of expression, to

protect women in confl ict, and to

ease the plight of political prisoners,

despite threats and persecution from

the authorities.

The awards are named for Dr. Ali-

son Des Forges, senior adviser to

Human Rights Watch's Africa Divi-

sion for almost two decades, who

was tragically killed in a plane crash

in New York on February 12, 2009.

Des Forges was the world's leading

expert on Rwanda, the 1994 geno-

cide and its aftermath, and Human

Rights Watch's annual award hon-

ors her outstanding commitment to

and defense of human rights.

The four winners of Human Rights

Watch's 2009 Alison Des Forges

Defender Award for Extraordinary

Activism are:

Daniel Bekele, lawyer and activist

from Ethiopia;

Bo Kyi, co-founder of Burma's As-

sistance Association of Political Pris-

oners;

Elena Milashina, reporter for Nova-

ya Gazeta, Russia's leading inde-

pendent newspaper; and

Mathilde Muhindo, women's rights

activist working to stop sexual vio-

lence in Democratic Republic of

Congo.

"These extraordinary individuals

confront tremendous challenges

every day, yet they work selfl essly

to end human rights violations and

bring abusers to justice," said Ken-

neth Roth, executive director of Hu-

man Rights Watch. "We hope this

award, named for Alison Des Forg-

es, will inspire and protect them as

they struggle to uphold human rights

in their countries."

Human rights defenders are critical

partners for Human Rights Watch

staff conducting investigations in

more than 80 countries around the

world. The award winners will be

honored at the 2009 Human Rights

Watch Annual Dinners in Chicago,

Geneva, Hamburg, Houston, Lon-

don, Los Angeles, Munich, New

York, Paris, San Francisco, Santa

Barbara, Toronto, and Zurich.

Daniel Bekele, EthiopiaIn the ever-shrinking space for free-

dom of expression in Ethiopia, Dan-

iel Bekele, a prominent anti-poverty

activist and human rights lawyer, has

faced heavy-handed government re-

pression. After leading a grass-roots

effort to promote voter education and

participation in Ethiopia's controver-

sial 2005 parliamentary elections, as

well as election monitoring and rec-

onciliation after the vote, Bekele was

arrested and spent two-and-a-half

years in prison on charges of incit-

ing violence against the government.

Human Rights Watch honors Bekele

who, at great personal risk, chal-

lenges the Ethiopian government to

uphold the civil and political rights

that protect all people.

Bo Kyi, Burma As a former political prisoner and

co-founder of the Assistance Asso-

ciation of Political Prisoners (AAPP),

Bo Kyi works tirelessly to secure the

release of Burmese people who have

been jailed for their political indepen-

dence and activism. Over the last 20

years, Bo Kyi has demonstrated un-

faltering courage, sharing his story

and those of other political prisoners

and exposing the Burmese military

junta's numerous abuses. Human

Rights Watch honors Bo Kyi for his

heroic efforts to speak out against

Burmese repression and to advo-

cate on behalf of those who have

dared to criticize the military junta.

Elena Milashina, RussiaAs a leading investigative journalist

for Novaya Gazeta, Russia's most

prominent independent newspaper,

Elena Milashina exposes the truth

about human rights abuses and

widespread government corruption.

Despite Russia's attempts to silence

its critics and hide abuses, Milashina

remains outspoken, publishing ac-

counts of enforced disappearances,

extrajudicial executions, and torture.

She also continues to investigate the

2006 murder of her newspaper col-

league and mentor Anna Politkovs-

kaya, calling for accountability at the

highest level. Human Rights Watch

honors Milashina for her courage in

confronting Russia's deeply prob-

lematic human rights record.

Mathilde Muhindo, Democratic

Republic of CongoAs director of the Olame Centre,

a women's rights organization, Ma-

thilde Muhindo empowers women to

fi ght against the pervasive discrimi-

nation and horrifi c sexual violence

that are endemic in the Democratic

Republic of Congo.

She led a coalition of local wom-

en's organizations to advocate suc-

cessfully for a comprehensive law on

sexual violence.

Human Rights Watch honors Ma-

thilde Muhindo for her tireless dedi-

cation to the safety, health, and

rights of the often-forgotten women

in eastern Congo.

MATHILDE MUHINDO

© 2004 Elodie PERRIOT Secours Catholique

BO KYI © 2008 Patricia Williams

DANIEL BEKELE 2008 Morag Livingstone

ELENA MILASHINA © 2009 Novaya Gazeta

የዲሞክራሲ መሰረተ ፍልስፍና

“ዲሞክራሲ ሕብረተሰብን ለመገንባት እንጂ ለማፍረስ የሚያገለግል ጥበብ አይደለም። አንድ ጎሳ ወይም ክፍለሀገር ከቀረው ወገኑና ሰፊ ግዛት ተገፍቶ ወይም ተገዶ እንዳይገነጠልና የሚገባውንም ጥቅም እንዳይነፈግ የሚያደርገው መከላከል ዲሞክራሳዊ መብቱ ነው። በዚሁ አንጻር፣ አንድ ጎሳ ወይም ግዛት ከተዋኸደው ሰፊ ሕብረተሰብ፣ ጸጋና ቅርስ እንዳይሸረፍ የመላው ሕዝብ ዲሞክራታዊ መብት ያግደዋል።” (ዘውገ ፋንታ 1993)

Translation:

”Democracy is a principle by which

to fortify and build, not divide societies.

The people of any region have demo-

cratic rights not to be excluded and

barred from sharing the heritages and

resources that the nation is endowed

with. Similarly, it is the right of the nation

to protect the interests of the whole and

to prevent the partition or separation of

any region away from the rest.” (Zewge

Fanta, 1993)

Introduction

In the words of the dictator, Meles Ze-

nawi, the high priest of the “Nations &

Nationalities” teachings, Ethiopia ‘was

not meant to be’ a lasting nation. The

leader of the Tigray People Liberation

Front (TPLF), a name that shall go down

in the annals of dictatorial regimes as

‘spiteful’ has revealed his plan to end

the existence of Ethiopia. When TPLF

came to power, the destruction of Ethio-

pia immediately begun, and the people

of the ancient nation have suffered im-

mensely as no other time. The patience

of the people is completely depleted,

and changes are on the horizons. The

inventors of the Human Cages called

Kilil shall leave Ethiopia and disappear

from the face of the Earth. They may

also be planning to settle in their native

habitat in the birth place of Kilil, in Tigray

where they conceived the morbid idea

of the destruction of Ethiopia. However,

knowing or expecting the end of this

ugly period, Ethiopians cannot wait sim-

ply watching the end approaching with-

out being prepared to receive the huge

responsibility. Ethiopians have displayed

immense desire to get rid of the dictators

and to undo the spoils of Kilil. When the

dictators depart, the pillars of Ethiopia

in every rural villages, towns and cities

should quickly begin to take responsibil-

ity to manage the business and affairs of

the country. It is high time that the pillars

of Ethiopia should know the initial steps

as well as the sequential measures to be

taken. They should have the economic

and political confi gurations of the nation

that would replace Kilil. The leaders and

pillars of Ethiopia that would emerge

from all sectors of the population should

have refi ned ideas and models of Ethio-

pia’s democratic systems that defi ne the

economic and political confi gurations

that fi t the conditions, traditions and his-

tory of the people, and allow Ethiopians

to transform into a modern democratic

nation. The advance preparation would

smooth the giant leap from the state of

Kilil to democratic systems. It is along

this thought that the author proposed

new models of the administrative and

economic systems described in the

following. The author believes that the

models introduced here or other strat-

egies that evolve from further studies

will guide the leaders and the Ethiopian

people in making the fi nal decision. The

models may be used by any transitional

government entity or government that is

elected and tasked to transform Ethio-

pia into a nation of Individuality.

Kilil – The Colonial Dogma

The purpose of Kilil was to partition

Ethiopia into several tribal homelands

with the ultimate goal of creating several

nations within a nation. This has been

dejected concept as the anti-thesis of

democracy, and the exact opposite of

Ethiopians’ nature and traditions of cen-

turies. The Kilil system was forcefully

imposed on the people with dilemma to

divide the people along languages. The

aim was to create confl icts and differ-

ences and to polarize them and force

them grow apart socially and economi-

cally. Kilil has created insurmountable

social and economic hardships to Ethio-

pians. To achieve their goals the dicta-

tors have systematically encouraged

and even staged and provoked confl icts

amongst the people of various regions.

The dictators have revealed their long-

term plan by allocating unfair share of

resources to the province of Tigray that

they believed would be their future ref-

uge. By doing so, the leaders of TPLF

have exposed the people of Tigray to

unfair animosity and ill-will, which shall

entail great consequences to the securi-

ty of the people of that region more than

any other in the Country. The people of

Tigray are the owners of Ethiopian his-

tory, and so, the pillars who defend and

guard the nation’s existence and its con-

tinuity. However, it was sadly in Tigray

that TPLF conceived the destruction of

Ethiopia. The fi nal dissolution of the na-

tion may also take place on the soils of

Tigray. The leaders of TPLF believe that

they will settle in Tigray and live happily

ever after leaving behind a nation that is

fragmented and in turmoil. The gallant

people of Tigray must see the embryo

of that idea that is growing in the womb

of Tigray. They need to act quickly and

abort the wretched plan with all sacri-

fi ces necessary. Ethiopians every where

must also build a unifi ed force to oust

TPLF and toss out Kilil and the constitu-

tion created for it or by it. Only democ-

racy will ensure the existence and the

continuity of Ethiopia as a nation and the

security and wellbeing of all people. Ev-

ery citizen like every people of all regions

has critical roles to play today more than

any other time in the history of Ethio-

pians. Each person can be a powerful

force essential to end Kilil and to trans-

form Ethiopia into a democratic nation.

Ethiopia’s Providence

The early Ethiopians who sprang out

of the lands of Ghion and Awash as the

fi rst human race have spread to near

and far lands and gradually populated

Earth. Ethiopians do migrate outward

even today to all lands around the globe.

Cataclysmic events, social disorders

and pursuit of discovery and exploration

had fascinated the ancient Ethiopians to

venture far beyond their place of origin.

Ethiopians are presently subjected to

oppressive rule so brutal and incompa-

rable to any other period in the long his-

tory of Ethiopians. Every ruler in Ethiopia

expanded the territories of Ethiopia and

galvanized the people of vast nation.

But, the leaders of TPLF do today the

exact opposite. Ethiopians, the fi rst who

introduced the ideas of Republic to the

Continued on p(16)

| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

9

BUILDING DEMOCRATIC ETHIOPIA

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ja– v`v_– R`� ov+– ›�ÂBT ¹zH¼º oORoOU‚– ¹z,ù žc+|� c& ›�h×H�""û&Âœ ›�ž^¼H�– ¹›�Ê^ Ám,| ›�h×H�— OíE|� Ò±+× ›�c^ÞH�— TÓx v™ó×” vzïHÑ« y{ ›�À`dH�""

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Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

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BARRISTERS, SOLICITORS & NOTARY PUBLICAlso of the Middle Temple, London, England, Barrister -at- law

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veJ×� ›cŸH ¹T|ï{ ™|G�T xH: ÀTÅU Š«“” Ó x`z%Ÿ� QÂod žFÑ ¨Ø ›e` d|ï{ vT`Þ ™�dzõT xH: ™oªT O«cÅ zÑv& x� d¾G� O¨cÅ ¼Hv| ™R^à ™Jw õ|Aª* ™oªT Š«“” vOc[z% ™�Å ¹{c[ ÓHcx x� d¾G� vúHz*Ÿ zn«U ¹zŠd ¹{c\| x±# h&¬‚ ( wHï« T`Þ ¹z¼±#|� BH# ÛTa) d¾ïz% vOÝ« T`Þ ÃÓT HOd|õ O¨c�� H™ó’% ™Ñ²³ Od]¼ OG� zÑv& ™¾G�T”” ¹cx®ª* Ox| Ožv` ؼm, Oc[{ª* ¹ÄU¡^c& ؼm, Š«“” cx®ª* Ox| vz[ÑÖv|— Ox|� ¹Ö¹m% ±xؼ v¨[Áv|— ¹M³x ÅTí Oc[m%� ¹zn¨P OïÊ| x� d¾G� vh&¬‚ v¹RÔ]¼« zØH« ›eŸB� vQcnºv| BŽ{� ™B�T ±+Ô‚ ›¹{ïc# vO{c` I¾ ›¼H# vT`Þ ™HT�T oÅO BŽ{ ›�dzóH� xH: OŠd|� H™Ñ²±#T Rd¨m% % T�Jw|T ¹Qcnº ±+Ô‚� O`d| ¾G�J� H&{cxv|� H&m¹` ¹QÑw« ™oªT Š«“” Ã’ x`z%Ÿ�T— ™v^j v`{T— ¹ÄÄd—³ª¾ x` hHp� hª av&| ¨±z ¹úHz*Ÿ ›e[•‚ BH# ¾ïz% ¹QJ oÅO BŽ{ Ro[x ¾ÑwJ/ ¾ÖvnJ”” HOx| c&{ÑH# ¹{c\|� [e} HOx| ™�{ÑIH� RH| ±v| Š«“”

Oež[T 26/2002

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What kind of jobs need to be created for improved sustainability of our country in this economic times? Ellen Michelson (Toronto centre) : “Our government needs to invest in energy efficient methods and clean technologies like other countries. Green infrastructure improves our environment, and also furthers social justice by improving people’s welfare. Three areas out of the many that could create jobs in the green sector and that which have a huge multiplier effect on the economy are Retrofits,

Renewable sources of energy and Arts & culture.

Tell us as to how climate change could be disastrous and how our country should gear up for energy efficiency Adriana Mugnatto-Hamu (Toronto-Danforth) : “Climate change is the biggest challenge humanity has ever faced. Canada has not done a good job of bringing its own emissions down. Under our current government, though, not only have our commitments to bringing down Canada’s emissions gone even further down, but our negotiating team has been actively hampering international consensus. Glaciers are melting far faster and the earth is warming more rapidly and Canada has to do its part here.

How is Green momentum gathering speed across the globe? Georgina Wilcock (Don Valley West) : “Global warming is a real concern the world over. We have Green parties in 70 countries around the world so the green momentum for addressing environ-mental issues is picking up across the globe. Canada needs to take responsibility and innovate in the direction of cutting back on the green house gases”

How do you propose to promote Green mandate in our country? Elizabeth May (Green Party Leader of Canada) : “We are meeting with the people in meetings as well as participating in group discussions in order to promote the Green Party’s mandate which is effective means of reaching out to everyone. I very well look forward to be connecting with people, listening to their issues one on one, getting to know and hearing directly from them”

What kind of peace-keeping role do you think Canada should involve in to? Debborah Donnelly (St. Paul’s) : “I think our government needs to understand what it means to be a member of the military who put their life on the line for our country. If they did, they would under-stand that what they ask of our men and women in Afghanistan is not in line with the traditional values Canadians have on peace keeping. Only 50% of Canadians vote and only 30% of them voted for our current government and the choice that keeps the military represents only 15% . In the military one does not have the voice to speak their minds, so being ex-military, I feel I need to speak for so many who must remain silent. It is time we get back to real peace keeping!”

What is your take on the future of the Canadian economy considering the economic times right now? Rebecca Harrison-White (Whitby-Oshawa) : Growing up with my father, a dedicated municipal politician and my mother, a public servant and part time activist, they taught me that simply being unsatisfied with the current state of affairs in your country was not enough. I heard the same empty promises and rhetoric and after the election nothing changed. So I am now running for the Green Party because they have the fresh perspective on government the other parties lack. They have the commitment to change that reflects the times that we are in. Tomorrow is a new day, a new economy is evolving, a new Canada needs to emerge. We need new ideas, new commitments and new leadership to pull us out of recession and get us there!

What policies related to energy conservation should be considered in our country? Adrianne Carr (Deputy Green Party leader) : We should be encouraging people to green up and carbon neutralize with much bigger incentives. Green economy diverting stimulus packages towards energy efficiency will have immediate and rapid effect on economy. The implications of global warming are horrendous and that’s the reason why I am devoting my life for this cause. Green party represents new thinking. Canada is blessed with renewable energies : solar, wind, hydro, geo exchange so why not switch to utilizing alternate sources of energy like some other countries are already doing so, instead of oil and coal etc which actually results in an increased carbon footprint not good for the environment and disastrous to our planet. If embraced, this will also open up potential for tremendous growth opportunities creating more jobs in the green economy, green infrastructure and green sector fields in the future!

Jatin Naiknjatin@yahoo.com

Strong women candidates of the Green Party share their thoughtson the future of the Green Economy

StrongGreen Women

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¹™&|¿å¼ª*¼� ™Âe ®O| ™žwv` (ETHIOPIAN NEW YEAR CELEBRATION

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v}a�}— Oež[T 1 m� 2002 ®.TIN TORONTO, SEPTEMBER 12, 2009) Photo Credits: Benyam Photography Services

| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

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Oà« ™Âe ®O| ¹cIT� ¹Ö+� ›�ÂG� ›¹zO’�– z¨ÃÏŠ|� ¼z[ï« _e}^�{‚� ™ÑJÓH:z%� vReóó| v™B� c™|

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| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

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¹¡v#` À^c& AÂe ™HR¹B100“ ®O| JÀ|

c&Tú±&¹T (SYMPOSIUM)

Saturday, October 17, 2009, Howard University, School of

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ž¡v#` ™} AÂe ™HR¹B Ò` vOR¡[| Ñ#w®+ ™wJŠ| ±O�‚�—

«Å ¹c&Tú±&¹P zd{ò¬‚!

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™Å`Õ{JxH«�J– ¡v#` ™} AÂe!

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¨À Ñé 20 ´bJ

Continued from p(9)

World would be the last peo-

ple to accept and be governed

by a barbaric ‘human caging’

system called Kilil. Ethiopians

will emerge as a democratic

people unspoiled by the evil

system of colonialism. Those

who failed to conquer and

subjugate the ancient people

and destroy their cultures

and history shall witness to-

day when the children of the

ancient Ethiopians whose an-

cestors their ancestors once

called Uncles and Aunts, en-

ter a new era, and emerge as

modern societies. The history

and traditions of the Ethiopian

people shall remain and shine

for many centuries to come

so long societies around them

and the World remain peace-

ful and stable as well. How-

ever, the social and economic

systems of Ethiopia should

change and modernize. New

political and economic sys-

tems compatible with the cul-

tures and history of the people

and conditions of the natural

resources will be found and

adopted.

Agents of Changes

Ethiopians of this period

are rightly thought as the true

Agents of Changes. By their

actions, they will build Ethio-

pia as a Nation of Individual-

ity. By their inactions or faux

pas, they will pass as the

most seedless generation of

all times. Should the people of

Tigray, Begemdir, Wollo, Go-

jam, Shewa, Arusi, Wellega,

Harerge, Illubabur, Gomugofa,

Keffa, Sidamo, and Bale fail to

act, the continuity of the long

history of Ethiopia shall come

to cease, and TPLF will have

its plan fulfi lled. That is how-

ever, contrary to the nature

of Ethiopians. Ethiopians are

known for their wisdom and

bravery. They are endowed

with abundant resources and

rich heritages. This period is

offering them new opportuni-

ties of unimaginable experi-

ences. The tasks to transform

the people into democratic

societies shall no doubt en-

tail enormous challenges and

new experiences of unknown

systems. However, when the

people fulfi ll their goals, the

accomplishments will bring

new feelings and new way of

life unimagined by any citizen.

Seeing Democratic Ethiopia

at the end of the long bitter

struggles will indeed be a tri-

umph that Ethiopians of pres-

ent & future generations, as

well as the people of Africa

and the World shall celebrate

for decades to come.

MODELING THE FUTURE

ETHIOPIA

The Preliminary Task

To modernize Ethiopia, so-

cially, economically and po-

litically, it is necessary fi rst to

explore the approaches and

strategies how Ethiopians’

good cultures and traditions

should be maintained, how to

incorporate them with the new

systems, and how wisely the

resources can be used and

utilized to improve the way of

life of the ordinary people. The

models proposed here may

or may not be the embryo of

Ethiopia’s future economic

and political systems. How-

ever, scholars and students

of democracy and experts

as well as ordinary Ethiopi-

ans should work together and

formulate the political and

economic models that best

fi t the nation. The author ac-

knowledges the fact that there

may be other models perhaps

more suitable. The proposed

models may also be the right

approach with little or sub-

stantial modifi cations to them.

The ultimate objective of this

document is to initiate wide

discussions that would lead

to the formulation of new eco-

nomic and political systems

that would replace Kilil. Ethio-

pians who are working hard to

end Kilil and undo the devas-

tations it caused should have

such ideas at hand perhaps

well developed and ready for

the great debate and discus-

sions throughout the country.

Administrative / Political

Structures

MODEL I

Using the former Provincial

Administrative Sub-divisions

(See Fig. 1) may be a safe

approach and perhaps free

of serious controversies and

confl icts of interests. The fact

that the people are very familiar

with the political sub-divisions

of provinces, readopting this

system will be practical and

not complicated to the peo-

ple. Since every regime before

TPLF used the political struc-

tures, the systems are deeply

embedded with the social,

economic and political cultures

and traditions of the people. It

is wise to use systems that the

people are familiar with and

understand the administrative

traditions intimately. Inventing

new political structures alien

to the people like Kilil has lead

to endless chaos, and created

insurmountable economic and

social diffi culties. Kilil produces

endless miseries to the nation.

Knowing that, the Ethiopian

people rejected Kilil and its in-

ventors in the landmark deci-

sion of 2005 national election.

Self-reliance

Autonomous local rules

and federal structures may

be established based on the

Administrative Provinces.

Creating autonomous local

entities (provinces) and es-

tablishing a strong Federal

Government that fuses the

provinces together is an es-

sential step for establishing a

stable democratic Ethiopia.

The Federal Government and

the local governments shall

be designed to provide every

Ethiopian the basic rights and

the protections of those rights

so that Ethiopians can live

and work in any place of their

choice. The new system will

reverse the spoils of Kilil that

limited citizen’s mobility out-

side his/her designated tribal

homeland. The Federal sys-

tem shall ensure the rights of

every Ethiopian to enjoy and

utilize the resources that Ethi-

opia provides.

ALTERNATIVE TO MODEL

I

The alternative to Model I

may be more practical and

advantageous to the nation

in many ways. First, it can

quickly diffuse the tensions

and confl icts among people of

different regions that Kilil had

created. Secondly, the model

(See Fig. 2) will not be a new

experience

or unfamiliar political administrative system to the people. Thirteen Prov-inces of self-rule entities may prove to be cumber-some and difficult to the

people. It may be hard to some states to flourish and develop with same pace of social and economic pro-gresses as the other states. The people of each prov-ince may luck the neces-sary human, technological and natural resources to be self-sufficient and to run an autonomous government ef-fectively and independently. The Federal Government may also become bogged and overburdened by lack of human resources and technology to facilitate the regional growth evenly and equally by diverting its mea-ger resources to lacking provinces. To balance the resources and strengthen the regional development capabilities joining two prov-inces into one State or Prov-ince may be an effective strategy. The two provinces may overcome what one province may not by it self. Therefore, joining adjacent provinces that have many commonalities and historic relationships of social and economic interactions into one entity may bring no un-familiar experiences to the people of both provinces. When provinces are joined together, overlapping social and economic practices and relationship will strengthen and enhance cooperation. Each joined provinces may retain their names to main-tain their heritage. Howev-er, the people shall decide whether they be labeled as Provinces (ክፍለ አስተዳደር) or State (ክፍለ ግዛት) (See Table I). Joining the provinces, seven political sub-divisions may evolve plus Eritrea, which by then will have to decide wheth-er to join the federation or stand for ever knocking at the door of Ethiopia. These entities give the foundation and the framework for es-tablishing the Federal Gov-ernment structures. Some studies may be necessary to determine whether joining the neighboring provinces creates any social or eco-nomic hardship or burden to one or both. In general, joining two adjacent prov-inces, for instance, Shewa and Arusi, Tigray and Wol-lo, Begemdir and Gojam, etc appears logical and practical. Each pair shall make one autonomous po-litical entity and become the building block of the Great Federation. The schemes of joining two provinces may

require some territorial ad-justments in some areas. This is true where lands that are physically divided by impassable rivers and or mountains and valleys, which inhibit development efforts, are encountered. In this regard, the scheme of joining the provinces must be based on conditions and factors such as geographic, economic and social ties, natural resources, adminis-trative practices and tradi-tions. Small adjustments of boundary lines here and there might be necessary. The names of the provinces may have historical signifi-cance. However, geograph-ic names may also be des-ignated (See Table I). For instance, Tigray-Wollo may be known as Semen-Misraq Province (ሰሜን-ምስራቅ ክፍለ አስተዳደር) or Semen-Misraq State (ሰሜን-ምስራቅ ክፍለ ግዛት). The seven provinces or states created in this manner are more or less equal in size and not more than 25 percent more than the others except Sida-mo-Bale and Harerge-Bale. Each state has common boundary with neighbor-ing country, and so, each state is in essence a gate keeper of the nation. The state of Shewa-Arusi has been stretched to Djibouti for the same purpose and to provide direct connection with Djibouti, an important spot to Ethiopia’s economic interests strategic factors.

The Economic Regions

MODEL II

Ethiopia has one of the most

diffi cult landforms and terrains

that stand obstacles to vari-

ous types of development pro-

grams. The terrains have retard

national economic progress-

es. Constructions of roads

and bridges across regions

are in many cases impossible

or costly. Because of the mea-

ger resources of the nation,

development programs are

piece meal and slow. Floods,

landslides and ground move-

ments frequently destroy new

roads and bridges. The huge

maintenances costs and lack

of materials have slowed and

or discouraged economic ac-

tivities and programs in many

parts of the country. These

conditions have made the

development efforts severely

constrained. Self-suffi ciency

is a huge responsibility, and it

would make the people of each

state more dependent on their

| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

16

BUILDING DEMOCRATIC ETHIOPIA

‘NATION OF INDIVIDUALITY’

own resources and capabilities.

The nation cannot provide every

thing that the people of every

village, town and region need.

A system properly established

can guide the local, regional

authorities and national entities

to carry out planned develop-

ment effectively. The confi gu-

ration of the nation into several

Economic Regions (See Fig. 3)

may be impetus for accelerated

economic progresses through-

out the country. Autonomous

rule and self-suffi ciency will en-

courage people to engage in

the programs of their regions

that they have direct control

and participation in the decision

making processes. Confi guring

the Economic Regions as pro-

posed in this model is based

on non-political factors. Each

Economic Region is run by

regional authority established

jointly by the provinces listed

in each Economic Region. The

Economic Regions are inde-

pendent authorities that would

be carefully structured not to be

associated or overlap with the

local or federal administrative

/ political systems. The Eco-

nomic Regions are one layer of

independent authority that will

be governed both by the states

they are made of, and by an in-

dependent entity at the federal

government level. The federal

entity will monitor and manage

the national resources and their

uses and the distribution of the

resources such as power, com-

munications, transportation

and other resources. The mod-

eling of the economic regions of

new Ethiopia may be challeng-

ing. The main objective of cre-

ating the Economic Regions is

to provide a system that would

help achieve even economic

growth throughout the country.

The scheme to confi gure the

nation into several Economic

Regions may appear again

logical and straight foreword.

However, the same factors and

conditions considered for de-

lineating the boundaries of the

Administrative entities may ap-

ply in delineating the boundar-

ies of the Economic Regions.

The model of the Economic Re-

gions proposed here may need

some boundary changes here

and there. It may be necessary

to develop a confi guration that

is entirely or partly different from

the one proposed here. The

objective of this proposal is not

to advance any particular idea,

but to attain a model that best

fi ts the new nation and allow

accelerated progresses.

Conclusion

The Kilil rule is design to frag-

ment and partition Ethiopia

into smaller nation. If Kilil is al-

lowed to last for a while, it will

have achieved the partition to

be completed in an irreversible

conditions. The insurmountable

obstacles will have pushed the

people to reach the point of no

return. The continuity of Ethi-

opia as a nation will become

virtually impossible. Because,

Ethiopia will have become irrel-

evant and without meaning to

people of the regions that have

been systematically isolated

and separated from the one

another. At that stage, TPLF

and all the masters will real-

ize that Kilil has achieved their

goals! Nations shall be born

and emerge from parts of dying

Ethiopia. All its enemies that are

now pushing towards that end

will be hovering over to feast on

Ethiopia’s mutilated body.

To avert and avoid that catas-

trophe before it happens, the

fi rst step would require an action

that would cripple the advance

of Kilil system. The proposed

models will serve the Ethiopian

people to cement their unity

and to rise against TPLF and

show their rejection of Kilil sys-

tem. Agents of Changes must

be armed with the blue prints

of new economic and political

structures of Ethiopia. When

they do, Kilil will be reduced

to ashes and its inventors who

cannot survive without it will

evaporate leaving no trace of

their short existence.

Ethiopians must recognize

the fact that the end of Ethio-

pia is in works. The First stage

of the systematic destruction

of the nation is underway. It is

marked by fast erosion of the

identities and symbols of Ethio-

pia. The Second stage would

follow by wide spread con-

fl icts, disruptions and disarray.

National leaders who uphold

the core values of the Ethio-

pian people would be attacked

left and right. The defenders

and guardians of Ethiopia will

be hunted and eliminated The

Third stage will mark the disap-

pearance of people who call

themselves Ethiopians from

many parts of the country. The

fi nal and the Fourth stage of the

end of Ethiopia as a nation shall

take place at its birth place, Ti-

gray. Those who protected the

history and heritages of Ethiopia

for centuries will face enemies

from north, east, and west. The

enemies shall come with such

force that will deface the an-

cient cities leaving no trace of

their long existence. The enemy

forces of known and unknown

origins will fi nally extinguish the

torch of Axum that had lit the

World for centuries. The fi nal

work will not be achieved by

Meles or his TPLF. Meles would

be long gone. However, the

outcome of this development

would prove Meles’ prophecy

that ‘Ethiopia was not meant to

be’ a lasting nation absolutely

correct. We should realize the

fact that Meles only repeated

the words that he was indoc-

trinated about by his masters

who ever they may be.

It is important to know that

Ethiopians will enter unwittingly

the Second phase of this con-

tinued destruction when the

May 2010 election is about to

take place. The plan is to leave

Ethiopians without any hope of

change, and with no chance of

a way out from the devilish pov-

erty and brutal oppression. Let

us examine the humans’ choic-

es and deeds from these per-

spectives: If a man crosses in

front of a moving car, he would

shorten his life. If a man decid-

ed to spend the night outside

his home when the beasts take

over the village, he has decid-

ed to shorten his life. God has

nothing to do with those deci-

sions. Respectively, Ethiopia is

questioning the passion of this

generation in ways that it never

did of any of its children through

the ages. Ethiopia is demand-

ing those whom she fed/raised

to pay her back so that she can

reach the next generation. The

leaves, roots, and rocks of Ethi-

opia must yield the medicine

that will eradicate the carrier of

Kilil virus.

•••

Note

The author appreciates well

thought comments, views and

suggestions. The comments

will be added with this docu-

ment ‘as is’ and be forwarded

to the committee that may be

formed to study the practicality

of this proposal.

The critical reviews and infor-

mation obtained from experts

has made this proposal pos-

sible, and their contributions

and willingness to advance

this study to the next level has

been profoundly encouraging.

•••

ስለ ጸሐፊው፦

ዘውገ ፋንታ ከቀድሞው ኃ.ሥ.ዩ ሕንፃ ኮሌጅ ዲፕሎማ ተቀብሏል። ከዚያም፣ ዩ.ኤን. በሰጠው ስኮላርሺፕ በኢትዮጵያ መንግሥት ተመርጦ፣ በኢንግላንድ ስለ ጂኦደቲክ ሰርቬይስ እና ካርቶግራፊ የተሰጠውን ከፍተኛ ትምሕርት አጠናቆ ወደ ኢትዮጵያ በመመለስ፤ በመሬት ይዞታ አስተዳደር ሚኒስተር በካርታ ድርጅት ክፍል በሲንየር ካርቶግራፈር ደረጃ ተመድቦ አሜሪካ ለትምህርት እስከ መጣ ድረስ ሀገሩን በ

ሙያው አገልግሏል።

የሀገር ከፍተኛ ዕቅዶች ላይ እየተመደበ ሰፊ አገልግሎት የሰጠ ሲሆን፤ ከነዚህም ውስጥ የሀገርን ሀብትና ቅርስን የሚመለከቱ አያሌ ምስጢራዊ ስራዎች ይገኙበታል። ከዓለም ባንክ ባለሙያዮች ጋር ኢትዮጵያን ወክሎ ሰሜን ግዛት (ኤርትሪያ፣ ትግራይ፣ ቤገምድር፣ ጎጃምና ወሎ) ዕድገት እርምጃ ዕቅድ፣ የመሬትንና የሕዝብን አሰፋፈር ጥናት በተጠቀሱት ቦታዎች በመዞር፣ በመቀየስና ሰፊ የምድረ ገጽን ዝርዝር በመሰብሰብ የልማት ጥናት አጠናቋል። የኢትዮጵያና የሱዳን ድንበር ክልል በሁለቱ አገሮች ስምምነት ሲደረግ፣ በውጭ ጉዳይ ምንስቴር ውስጥ ተመድቦ፣ እጅግ ምስጢራዊ የሆኑትን ጉድዮች በታላቅ ጥንቃቄ ይዞ በተሰጠው መመሪያ መሰረት አስፈላጊ የስምምነት መፈራረምያ የሆኑትን ካርታዎችን አዘጋጅቷል።

በግሉ የመጀመሪያውን የአዲስ አበባና የኢትዮጵያ ታሪካዊ ካርታዎች አሳትሟል። የመጀመሪያው ኢትዮጵያ ፕሮፈሺናል ካርቶግራፈር የተባለ ሲሆን፣ ከኢትዮጵያ፣ እንግሊዝና አሜሪካ መንግሥቶች የአገልግሎት ምስክርና የሙያ ማረጋገጫ ሽልማቶች ተቀብሏል።

አሜሪካ መጥቶ የባችለርና ማስተርስ ፕሮግራሙን አከናውኖ፣ በተለያዩ የመንግሥትና የኩባንያ ድርጅቶች ሰፋ ያለ አገልግሎት ሰጥቷል። የስያትል ከተማ የኮምፒተር ካርታ አሰራር (GIS) ከአቋቋሙት ሙያተኞች አንዱ ነው። የስያትል እና የፖርትላንድ ከተማ የሚገለገሉበት የውሃ ማሰራጫና ማከማቻ ሲስተሞች በአደጋ ቢቋረጡ መከላከሊያ መመሪያ ኦፐሬሽኖች የሆኑ እሱ በአቀደው መሰረት ተቋቁመዋል።

ዘውገ ፋንታ በዚሁ ሙያው በግል ስራ ተሰማርቶ ይገኛል።

Zewge Fanta may be

reached by E-mail: zegfan-

tam@aol.com

| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

17

I FOUND OUR FLAGWhile driving in the city you

might have seen many fl ags

around town. You might rec-

ognize some of the fl ags to

which country they belong and

sometimes you might want to

play the guessing game and try

to fi gure out. . What if you see

your own fl ag fl ying high on the

side of the road in front of resi-

dential area! I was in Ottawa in

the month of July/ 2009. The

day was Sunday. I was looking

for Ethiopian orthodox church.

I made a wrong turn near the

church; after driving a couple

of hundreds of meter i saw

Ethiopian our own fl ag. First, i

thought i found the church. As

i got closer, i knew i was wrong

since i remember as i was told,

the church actually is a big

church and it does not look

like a residential house. I pulled

over and staring at it. Since i

was in Ottawa, My fi rst guess

was it should be the ambassa-

dor resident. I was right.

It feels great, i felt and fl ew in

memories of home. It reminds

me my childhood, the place

where i played ball, where i went

to school and my friends. All it

took was the fl ag by the side of

the road in front of the house.

This photo on the fl ag would tell

that is the land of Ethiopians. I

felt great and was proud to see

our fl ag. Ambassadors' might

come and go, but the fl ag will

always fl y high reminding ev-

eryone that this is part of Ethio-

pian. I felt i was home for that

moment......

Benyam Woldeab

Photographer

| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

18

Muluken Muchie

Editor/Publisher

Hawarya News Paper

Toronto, Canada)

Greetings, ladies & gentle men;

Before I go further, allow me to start by

extending my appreciation to the organiz-

ers of the 2009 NYLA conference. I applaud

them for their considerate eff orts to involve

the multicultural media of North America;

which have become the eyes and ears of our

multicultural society. It is a great privilege

for me to attend this conference by repre-

senting one of the African multicultural

(Ethnic) media called, 'Hawarya', means,

"disciple" in Amharic, the Ethiopian offi cial

language.

By the way, I like the abbreviation coined

to be "NYLA"; it reminds me not only the

name of my African antelope species, Nya-

la, but its characteristics, too.

Th e Nyala is part of the antelope family

found in Africa, particularly in South Af-

rica, as that of the Ethiopian Walia Ibex,

which is also belong to the goat family and

only its kind found in the Ethiopian north-

ern mountain.

Th e African Nyala fi nds its habitat in a

dense area of dry savannah woodland or in

thick river bank vegetation; it doesn't prefer

grass lands or plains as the other common

antelopes normally do; but it lives within

the savannah or a river bank vegetation

where many types of little creatures live

side by side. Th e African Nyalas are known

of protecting its vulnerable members, the

females and the youths – it is believed up

to 30 members of females and youths travel

by group to safe guard each other's secu-

rity and wellbeing. Males of the Nyala spe-

cies live in solitary of the females and the

youths; they only join the herd at favorite

feeding and watering places or when there

arises natural mating needs; the strong

members are not allowed to infl uence the

day to day livehood of the weak. Doesn't

this characteristic resemble to an indepen-

dent institutions as that of NYLA in regard

to its members?

I think NYLA is some what similar to

that of the Afri-

can Nyala; It lives

within the popu-

lation where mi-

nority groups are

struggling to meet

ends; it under-

stands the prob-

lems and interests

of these multi-

cultural groups;

it reaches them

to help co-exist

and grow; that is

how and why I am

here representing

the African Eth-

nic media by be-

ing supported by

NYLA.

Ladies & gentle

men,

Let me introduce you our news paper, it

is called Hawarya; it is a publication in the

Ethiopian Diaspora since 1995.

Hawarya is an "Amharic" monthly

(Ethiopian offi cial language) published in

Toronto Canada. It is the main source of

information for its readers, both at home,

abroad and for main stream media groups.

Hawarya has subscribers all over the world

and we also distribute to major North

America cities. It has prominent writers

and contributors from back home to the

Diaspora and it is an active member of the

National Ethnic Press and Media Council

of Canada.

Hawarya's main objectives, in a country

(Canada) where multiculturalism is main-

tained and protected by law, can be sum up

at least in three levels:

1) To keep in touch with our country of

origin

• once we left our country , there is no

way to know more about the situation in

back home;

• the main stream media report only on

crisis and major events on the interna-

tional level, but the community needs to

follow every aspects of social, economic

and political developments and happen-

ings of the country of origin.

• to meet this strong desire, we had to

have an out let that could connect us and

learn more about our home country

• so is the reason in part for Hawarya and

other ethnic papers to be born - to have

the opportunity to exchange news from

back home and abroad within the Diaspora

community.

2) To be a bridge between the commu-

nity and the rest of the society we live in;

• as new comers and settlers we need to

interpret and understand the Canadian

values and system using our way of under-

standing;

• for this we need a medium which is

useful for information exchanges among

the community members themselves con-

cerning vital interests, such as cultural and

social events, migration and employment

matters..

3.1) To preserve ones identity

• Cultural heritage

• language

• literature

• history

• values & ways of life

3.2) To gain strength

• Economic

• Political

• Social

Challenges:

1) the internet factor:

• while it has an advantage to collect and

disseminate news and information in a

timely effi cient way, ethnic media lacks the

resource to equip itself with the necessary

tools of the net. Th e internet needs trained

staff members in diff erent capacity. When

ethnic media lacks to update itself to the

technology, readers switch to individual ca-

pacities and personalities who disseminate

on the net diff erent news items and chat-

ting; this creates a worthiness question.

• Advertisers switch to the internet; cre-

ate their own websites, use individual nett-

ers to promote their products & services

2) the youth factor:

• language barrier to read ethnic papers

published in native languages

• although there is a burning feeling to

maintain ones heritage, the youths domi-

nantly infl uenced by the main stream cul-

ture where they live in; there is a need to

have multicultural institutions that can

educate native cultures to youths; this in

turn help ethnic media continue serve the

community.

Given all of these, the question is, Will

the Ethnic Press in N. America Survive?

I believe, yes, it will! Ethnic press will

survive in North America.

what it has to do is:

a) keep a strong link with the mother cul-

ture, the country of origin; this is an artery,

a blood vessel to ethnic media.

b) update the standard of ethnic media to

the internet; readers always want to follow

an organized and reliable source of infor-

mation.

c) create institutions that can educate the

youths of their culture, language and his-

tory; make sure the youths can read and

write their heritage languages.

d) help the community grow and be self

suffi cient to take care of the course of its

heritage.

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Hawarya has come a long way in serv-

ing its designated community; it has been

cited as a reliable source by renowned

North American media such as Th e Globe

& Mail, Th e New York Times, the Toronto

Star, CBC local and international, as well as

many local publications & air media from

within Ethiopia and abroad. Hawarya is

one of the symbols of the Canadian mo-

saic – a society in which multiculturalism

is celebrated.

As an editor and publisher, I was profi led

by the Toronto Star and York University

Magazine.

Th anks and God bless our societies!

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NEW YORK LIBRARY ASSOCIATION (NYLA) ANNUAL CONFERENCE

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WILL THE ETHNIC PRESS IN AMERICA SURVIVE?

Muluken Muchie(right) with other participants at

the NYLA conference

| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

19

በዚህ አስቸጋሪ አሳፋሪና የመጥፎ ድርጊት ማስፈፀሚያ መረማመጃ ዘመን ላይ በህይወት በመኖር ከመታዘብ አለማለፋችን አልበቃ ብሎ ትውልድ ማስተላለፊያው ድልድይ ላይ ከነዚህ ሙሉ የህሊናና የአካል ጉዳት ጋር እየተሟገትን ለመጭው ትውልድ ምንድነው የምናስተላልፈው? በራሱ የሚኮራ ቀጣይነት ያለው ትውልድስ እንደት ነው የምናፈራው ? ተተኪውስ እኛ ያሳለፍነውን መከራ ሳይቀበል እፎይ ብሎ የሚኖረው እንደት ነው? የሚሉትንና መሰል መልስ አልባ ጥያቄዎችን ሳስባቸው በዚህ ትውልድ ላይ የደረሰውንና እየደረሰ ያለው ክምር ችግር የፈጠረው ወይስ………? እ ር ግ ማ ን ? ለምን ተነጋግረን ላንደማመጥ፡ ተደማምጠን ላንግባባ፡ ተግባብተን ላናብር፡ ተደጋግፈን ላንተዛዘን፡ ተረዳድተን ላንጠነክር፡ ላለመተያየት እንድንለያይ ሆንን? እልና የጥያቄዎቹ ክምር አንድም በጎ ቃል ላይተፋ የጥያቄ ካብ ብቻ ይሆናል ታዲያ ምናልባት ምናልባት እኛ ኢትዮጵያውያን በዓለም ከረሀብተኛነት እኩል የምንታወቅበት በግል ሮጦ ማምለጥን ነውና ( ጠላቶቻችንም ካበርን ስለምናስፈራቸው በጣም የሚያዳንቁት ይህንን በግል የመጣና የሚመጣን ጉዳይ ነውና ይህም ገና ለምን እንደሚጠቅም በሃገረ ኢትዮጵያዊ ባህላዊ ስነዓዕምሮ ጠበብት ሊጠና ይገባዋል) ይሁንና ለዛሬው ይህን ልዩ ተሰጥኦ መልካምነትን መሰረት ባደረገ ዓላማውን ወደ ሰብዓዊ ጉዳይ ለውጠነው ሁላችንም እሽቅድድም ብንጀምር የጋራ አሸናፊነትን ለመቀዳጀት በመቀጠልም የደረሰብን ሃዘን ከግል ወደ ጋራ ተለውጦ የህብረት ጉዞን ቢያስጀምር በሚል በዚህ ሰብዓዊ ርዕስ ዙሪያ የጋራ እሽቅድድም የሚውልድ ውይይት ለመክፈት ወድጃለሁምናልባት ዋናው ነጥቤን ከጽሁፉ ለመረዳት አጀማመሬ ዝንፍንፍ ቢልባችሁ በስተመጨረሻ ይቃናልና በጎ የንባብ ልቦና ይችራችሁየዚህ ጽሁፍ ዓላማ ስለ “ባሪያው ዘመን ንግድ“ ለመተረክ አይደለም ይልቁንም በዚህ ዙሪያ በቂ ዕውቀትና ጥናት የተቸሩ በርካታ እንደሆኑ በቅጡ እረዳለሁ ግን ለዋናው ርዕሴ መንደርደሪያ ወይንም የፊት በር ይሆነኛል ከሚል እንጂልብ በሉ ይህ ንግድ የተጀመረው ከ 400 ዓመት በፊት እንደሆነ ሲጠቀስ ውድ የአፍሪካን ልጆች አፍኖ መሸጡ የተስፋፋው በሃገር አሜሪካ አውሮፓውያን

ሰፍረው በያዙት ሰፋፊ መሬት ላይ በወቅቱ ከፍተኛ ትርፍ የሚያመጡትን ትንባሆ፡ ጥጥ፡ የሸንኮር አገዳን እና የመሳሰሉትን በስፋት በማብቀል ይደረግ ለነበረው የትርፍ ሩጫ ከፍተኛ የሰው ሃይል በማስፈለጉ በፖርቱጋሎችና በስፔኖች የተጀመረ በኋላም በእንግሊዞች ሞኖፖል የተደረገ ሰብዓዊነት የጎደለው ንግድ ነበር ታዲያ በዚያን ዘመን “የባሪያ ንግድ“ ጉልበት ያለውን ወንድ ብቻ ሳይሆን ሽያጩ ያተኮረው ሴቶችንም በእኩል የሚያካትት ነበር ሴቶች ከጉልበት ስራው ባሻገር ሌላ ባሪያ እንዲወልዱ ይጠበቅባቸውም ነበር ለዚሁም ዕድሜያቸው 13 እና 14 ሲደርስ አግብተው መውለድ እንዲጀምሩ ሲደረግ በዚያውም ፍጥነት በያመቱ አንድ አንድ ልጅ መውለድም ዋንኛው ተግባራቸውና ግዴታም ጭምር ነበር የተወለዱትም ልጆች እድሜያቸው ተገቢ ዕድሜ ተበሎ የተመደበለት ላይ ሲደርስ አስፈላጊ ሆኖ ከተገኘ ለሽያጭ አለበለዚያም ወደዚህ ዓለም የተላኩበትን የባርነት ውርሳቸውን ይያያዙታል!ታዲያ ይህ ዘግናኝ ወቅት ጥሎ የሄደው ጠባሳ ወገኖቻችንን ለባዕዳን በትንንሽ ጥቅማ ጥቅም አሳልፈው ይሸጡዋቸውና ይለውጧቸው የነበሩት የራሳችን ወገኖች አፍሪካውያን ነበሩ:: ይህ የተመዘገበልን አሳፋሪ ታሪካችን ከትውልድ ትውልድ ሲተላለፍ እየመጣ ተሽጠው በነበሩ አፍሪካውያን ትውልድና ሲሸጡ በነበሩ አፍሪካውያን ትውልድ ዙሪያ ቂም በቋጠረ ወቃሽና ጸጸት ባዘለና አንገት በሰበረ ትውልድ መሃከል መድሀኒት ያጣ ፍጥጫ ዛሬም ሲዘከር አለ:: ታዲያ በዚያ አስከፊም ዘመን የተሻለ “ባሪያና“ የተከፋ “ባሪያም“ ተከፋፍሎ ይኖር ነበር:: የቤት ውስጥ “ባሪያ“ ከሜዳ ላይ “ባሪያ“ እራሱን የተሻለ ያደርጋል:: በዚያንም ወቅት በዚያ ግፍ መሃል ከፍተኛ የጋራ ግንዛቤ ክፍተት ነበረ:: በመሆኑም ይህ የግንዛቤ ክፍተት የነጻነት ትግሉን ክፉኛ ከጎዳውም ሆነ ከጎተተው በዋናነት ይጠቀሣል:: የነጻነት ታጋዩን የፈተነውም ይሀው የግንዛቤ ልዩነት ነበር:: በመሆኑም የነጻነት ታጋዮች ከባርነት እንዴት ነጻ መውጣት ላይ ከሚያጥፉት ጊዜ በባርነት ወጥመድ ያለውንና የተሻለ በመኖሩ ግንዛቤው የተተንሸዋረረውን በመመለሱ ላይ ነበር:: ዛሬ ይህ የባሪያ ንግድ በዓለማችን በየትኛውም ሃገር በህግ የመከልከሉን ያህል

መልኩንና ቅርጹን እጅግ ለውጦና “በዘመናዊነት“ ራሱን “አሰልጥኖ“ በአመለካከት ትልቅ የግንዛቤ ሸውራራንትን በማስረጽ ይኸው እንደገና በይበልጥም በኢትዮጵያውያን ላይ አሳፋሪና ለትውልድ አንገት አስደፊ ታሪኩን ሊጽፍልን ሲንደረድር እያየን ነው:: አዎ አሳፋሪ የሃፍረት ታሪክ!!! ሃገራችን ኢትዮጵያ ህጻናትን በመሸጥ ከአለማችን ክብረወሰኑን ለመውሰድ በከፍተኛ ፍጥነት ላይ ትገኛለች:: የዚህ ጽሁፍ አላማ ይህንን “የሰለጠነ የህጻናት ንግድ“ በተመለከት በሁልችንም መሃል አንድ ዓይነት ግንዛቤ ሊፈአጥር ይችላል ከሚል ቅዥት ወይንም የሃዘን እንጉርጉሮ ለመደርደርም አይደለም:: ከግንዛቤ መዛባት በመከራከሪያነት ለሚቀርቡት ነጥቦች ንፅፅራዊነት ይረዳል ከሚል እሳቤ እንጂ:: ከሁሉም በቀዳሚነት ግን በዚህ ጉዳይ ዙሪያም ሆነ በተለያዩ የሃገራችን ጉዳዮች ላይ ቅድመ ማስጠንቀቂያ እየሰጠ ላላው አንድና አንድ የፖለቲካ ድርጅት ኢህአፓ ከፍተኛ አክብሮቴን እያቀረብኩኝ አንባቢያን በዚህ ዙሪያም ቢሆን ሌሎች የፖለቲካ ድርጅቶች ጠንካራ ተመሳሳይ አቋማቸውን ተመልክታችሁ ከሆነ (እኔ ስላልተመለከትኩ ነውና) ካለ ግን እኩሌታ አከብሮቴ ይቸርልኝ እላለሁ:: ሆኖም ግን ቅደመ ማስጠንቀቂያውም ሆነ ዘግናኝ የሆንው በሃገራችንም ሆነ በህዝቧ ላይ እየደረሰ ያለውን ሰቆቃ ከሰሞነኛ መፎከሪያነት ወይንም መታያነት አልፎ መሪ ድርጅቶችን በመደገፍ ተባብረን ችግሩን ለመቅረፍ ወይንም የባሰ ጥፋት እንዳይፈጠር በቁርጠኛነት ስንታገል አለመታየቱ የትግራይ ነጻ አውጭ ነኝ ለሚለው ቡድን ከፍተኛ የልብ ልብ ቸሮታል ቢባል ሙግት የሚገባ አንደበት እንደማይፈጠር ግን እርግጠኛ ነኝ:: አዎ አሳፋሪ ዘግናኝ የህጻናት ንግድ ከባሪያው ዘመን ንግድ ጋር ያለውን አንድነትና ልዩነት በአንጻራዊንት እንመልከትው:: በመጀመረያ ግን ልዩነቱን

-- “በባሪያው ንግድ ዘመን“ ይሸጡ የነበሩት ነፍስ ያወቁ አቅማቸው ቢያንስ ለስራ የደረሱትን ሲሆን በህጻናት ንግዱ ግን ነፍስ የማይውቁ ጡት ጠብተው ያልጠገቡትን ህጻናት ነው---”በባሪያው ንግድ“ ዘመን እነዚያ የቀድሞ ወገኖቻችን የሚኖሩት ተሰባስበው አንድ አይነት ባህል ቋንቋ እና ቀልም

ያላቸው መጋባትና መውለድ የቻሉ ቢያንስ ጌቶቻቸውን “ማማት“ የቻሉ ሲሆኑ በዚህ የህጻናት ንግድ ጡት ጠብቶ ያልጨረሰን ህጻን እንዲህ ብሎ ለማነጻጸር ለአንባቢያን ተራውን ልተው----በባሪያው ዘመን ንግዱ አላማው የታወቀ ነበር- ይሀውም ጉልበት:: አዎ ግፈኛ የሆነ ነጻ የሆነ ክቡር የሰው ልጅ እንደሰው ያልታየበት ነጻ ጉልበት በዚህ በህጻናት ንግዱ ላይ የንግዱ አላማ ይህ ነው ተብሎ ለመግለጽ እያንዳንዱን ህጻን በገዛ ጌታ የሚወሰን ነው:: ነገር ግን የዚህ ጽሁፍ ለግንዛቤነት አንዱን ብቻ ለማቅረብ ይሞክራል:: ባልፈው ሰሞን በፈረንሳይ ሃገር በሁለት ህጻናት ላይ የደረሰውን እጅግ ሰቅጣጭ ሰሞነኛ ዜና በአሜሪካኑ የአማርኛ ክፍለጊዜ ለተከታተለ (በጽሁፍ ለማቅረብ እጅግ ዘግናኝ ነውና አላቀርበውም) ተመሳሳይ ወይንም (ምን ከዚህ በላይ ሊኖር እንደሚችል ባላውቅም ሊኖር ይችላል) የከፋ አላማ እንዳለው ይታመናል:: ነገር ግን ይህ የንግድ ዘርፍ ራሱን እጅግ አስልጥኖ “ዘመናዊነቱ“ ከፍተኛ የግንዛቤ መዛባትን እንደ “ባሪያው“ ዘመን ጊዜ ፈጥሮአል:: ከልዩነቶቹ በጥቂቱ ይህንን ካልን አንድነቱ ግን በጣም ግልጽ ነው:: የሰው ልጅ ባላመነበት ባልፈለገው በማይፈቅደው ሁኔታ በግዴታ በአፈና ተሽጦ እንደ እራሱ ሳይሆን እኩል በተፈጠረባት ምድር ላይ እጅግ በተዛባ መልኩ እንደ ሌሎች ፍላጎት እንዲኖር መደረጉ ነው:: ለስበአዊ ፍጡር ከፍተኛ ክብር አለው በሚባልበት በዚህ “የሰለጠነ“ ዘመን “በሰለጠኑ“ ሃገሮች ህጻናት ይሸጣሉ! ህጻናቱን ለመሸጥ ከሚሰጡት ዋንኛ ምክንያቶች አንዳንዱን በማንሳት የምክንያቶችን አሳማኝነት እንመርምር: 1- የሚበላ ያጡ አሳዳጊ የሌላቸውን የወደፊት ተስፋ መስጠት የሚል ነጥብ ሲቀርብ በዚህ መከራከሪያ ዙሪያ የተፋጠጠ ነገር ውስጥ ከመግባቴ በፊት የትግራይ ነጻ አውጭዎች ለባእዳን ምጽዋት ይረዳቸው ዘንድ “ሀውዜን“ የተሰኘውን ዘግናኝ ትርኢት “ወገናችን እና ዘራችን“ በሚሉት ወገናችን ላይ እንዴት እንዳቀናበሩት ከራሳቸው ውስጥ አዋቂ ላዳመጠ (አቶ ገብረ መድህንን ይጠቅሳል) እንኳን አንድ የኔ የማይሉት ወገኔ የማይሉት ህጻን ይህንን ያህል ዋጋ ማውጣቱን አውቀው ለንግዳቸው መስፋፋት የማይፈነቅሉት ምክንያት አለ ለማለት ቢያስቸግርም እንደ ህዝብና ሀገር

ይህንን የመዋጋት የኢትዮጵያና የኢትዮጵያውያኖች ግዴታም ሲሆን እንኚህ ህጻናት በተፈጥሮ የትውልድ መብታቸው በትግራይ ነጻ አውጭ ለትርፍ ሊሸጡ ሳይሆን የትግራይ ነጻ አውጭዎች ከተቀራመቱት ኢትዮጵያዊ የተፈጥሮ ሃብት ሊካፈሉ ድርሻቸው እንጂ:: እንግዲህ ይህ የንግድ ትርፍ በአንድ ህጻን ከ$23000 እስከ $25000(ከሃያ ሶስት ሽህ እስከ ሃያ አምስት ሽህ ዶላር) የሚያስገኝ ነውና በምክንያትነት የሚደረድሩት አዳኝነታቸውን ከፍተኛ ጥያቄ ውስጥ ያስገባዋል:: ለግንዛቤ ያህል የተራበ መዳን ያለበት ህጻን ለምን መሸጥ አስፈለገው? ይህንንስ የሽያጭና የግዥ ልውውጥ ከሰብዓዊ ቸርነት ጋር እንዴት ባለ መልኩ ነው ማስታረቅ የሚቻለው? ግዢ ማለተስ የባለቤትነት ማረጋገጫ ዋስትና አይደለም ወይ? አንድ ህጻን ለመርዳትስ ለሁለተኛና ሶስተኛ ደላላ ክፍያን ምን አመጣው? ህጻናትስ ሲሆን ከወላጆቻቸው ካልሆነም በደረጃ ከሚቀርቧቸው ቤተሶቦች ጋር የመኖር ተፈጥሮአዊ መብታቸው አይደለም ወይ? ሰው ሰራሽ (በአብዛኛው) በሆነ ችጋር ቤተስብን አጣብቂኝ ውስጥ በመክተት ህጻናትን የሚመነትፍ ሱቅና ሰራተኛን ምን አመጣው? እናም እናም ብለን ለመልስነት የሚያስቸግሩ ጥያቄዎችን መድርደር ይቻላል:: የነዚህ ጥያቄዎች መልስ በትግራይ ነጻ አውጭዎች ለሚነሱት ምክንያቶች በቂ መልስ ይሰጣልና:: ይህ አይን ያወጣ ዝርፊያ ወፈፌ ሰኞና ሰኔ የገጠሙበት ዘመን ነውና ሁሉም ፈዞ ንግዱም ጦዞ ለቁጥር የሚያዳግቱ ህጻናት በዚሁ የትግራይ ነጻ አውጭ ተሽጠው ካገር ወጥተዋል:: ይህ በትውልድ የባንዳነት ታሪክ በበታችነት ስሜት የተወጠረ የትግራይ ነጻ አውጭ ቡድን በከፍተኛ እልህ ሀገርንና ትውልድን ሲያጠፋ በአንጻራዊንት ሀገርና ወገን መዳን አለበት የሚለው ወገን ላለፉት አስራ ስምንት አመታት በጠራራ ጸሀይ የሚፈጸሙትን ወንጀሎች በሰሞነኛ ዜናነት መፎከሪያ ከማድረግ በዘለለ (ለዛውም ዜናውንም ለህሊናቸው የቆሙ ባእዳን ሲንግሩን) የሚፈጸመውን ወንጀል ለመግታት ወይንም ቢያንስ ወደከፋ ጥፋት እንዳይዛመት ስንከላከል አይታይም:: እንግዲህ ነገሮች ከረውና መረው የተወሰኑ ዘሮችን በጭፍን ጥላቻ ለማጥፋት እየተገበር ያለው

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Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

20

¹¡v#` À^c& AÂe ™HR¹B100“ ®O| JÀ|

| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

21

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žQez` R¡Ñ&�z* ÑHè vBªI ¹¹ÓJ OÑ�“ x±#D�€«� ¨¡H« žzÑ’% ¹excw« zd{ò¬‚ v² ¼H# ؼm¬‚� ™ez¼¹}‚ m`vªJ"" |ž#[| žzcÖw€« ؼm¬‚� Ddy‚ OŸžJ– ž«à AÑa‚ vzH¼º P¼¬‚ WJØŠ« ¨À Ÿ�à vQOÖ# ™Âe ‹ª]¬‚ I¾ ¼H« ™ežò vP¼€« zO××” ¹GŠ Y^ ¼HRÓ’| ™w±+– v«¾¾| I¾ ¼H« D`U�¾³ {¡e vRFv^ª*« ¹x±#D� OÑ�“¬‚ I¾ H&à� eHQ‚H« h¡T– eH Y^ Oe¡ Oeóó|– HRFv[cx ¹x±#D� OÑ�“¬‚ OÀ[Ó eHQ�`v| ÅÒõ – ̈ ±z.. Jº Jº Ddy‚� ؼm¬‚ zŠez« vvm* zxIJzªJ""

žÑé 19 ¹´[ ሁኔታ በእኛነታችን ቀጣይነት ላይ ጥርጣሬን አጭሮአል:: የእኛ ማንነት ማለትም ኢትዮጵያዊነት በሽያጭ ከሀገር የሚወጡትንም የሚያጠቃልል ይመስለኛል:: የግለሰብ ማነነት እና የወል ማንነት የግል በየስማችን የምናመጣው ውክልናውም ጥቅሙም የግል የሆነ ማለትም እንደ ሯጭ ሀኪም መህንዲስ ጠበብት ብቻ የሚዳመቅልን የግላችን ከነማንጠልጠያው ያለው ሲሆን የወል ማንነታችን ደግሞ ኢትዮጵያዊነታችን ነው:: ታዲያ እንትና ሮጠና ከአለም አንደኛ ወጣ ቢባል እግር አጥቶ አንድም ቀን መሮጥ አይደልም ተራምዶ የማያውቀው ወገኔ ሰለ የወል ማነነቱ መሬት ላይ እየትንፏቀቀ ሲደሰት ብታዩ አትደንቁ የወል ማንነት ውስጣዊ ስሜትን መቆጣጠር አይቻለውምና በይበልጥ ኢትዮጵያዊ ማንነት ታዲይ በግልባጩ የወል ማንነት ከትቢያ ላይ ወድቆ ወደኋላ ሲቆጠር ከአፍሪካ አንደኛ ከአለምም ሁለተኛ ሲወጣ ታዲያ የግል ማንነት በህሊና ሱናሜ እንደሚናወጥ እንዴት ለመግለጽ ተሳነን? የግል ማንነት ከወል ማንነት ውጭ ከውርደትና ሃፍረት አንገት ከማስደፋት ሌላ ሊመጥነው የሚችል ቃል የለም::

በዚህ የህጻናት ንግድ ዙሪያ የደርድርኩትን ከማጠቃለሌ በፊት ግን የማሰሪያ ትዝብቴን አንድ ሁለት እላለሁ

----የተመራመረ በግል ማንነቱ የኮራ ኢትዮጵያዊ ከእኩያ የባዕዳን ጓደኛቹ ጋር በከፍተኛ ሆቴል እየተመገቡ እያለ ሀገራችን ኢትዮጵያ ህጻናትን በመሸጥ ከአለም አንደኛ ለመውጣት እየመራች መሆኑን የሚያሳይ ዜና ድንገት ብልጭ ቢል ሃፍረቱ የሚሸጠው ልጅ ወይንስ……?------በዚህ ተሰደን ህይወትን ባሸነፍንበት ሃገር ልጆቻችን ባጋጣሚ በዕድል ካደገና ተሸጦ ከመጣ ኢትዮጵያዊ ጋር ቢገናኙና ኢትዮጵያውያን እንደሸጡት ለልጃችን ቢነግርው ሃፍረቱ ተሽጦ የመጣው ልጅ ወይንስ……? እውን ኢትዮጵያውያን ህጻን ይሸጣሉ ? ጉድ የመዓት ዘመን አዎ በትግራይ ነጻ አውጭ ህጻናት ይሸጣሉ:: ታዲያ እንደቀድሞው ጉድ በቻ አውርቶ ሰሞነኛ መፎከሪያ እንዳይሆን በግል የሚያምርብንን ግን ሰብዓዊ

ሩጫችንን መጀመር የግድ ይላል:: የዚህ ጽሁፍም አላማ ውድ የጋዜጣው አዘጋጅ በዚህ ዙሪያ ሊወለዱ የሚችሉትን የድል ብስራቶች አምድ በመለገስ ያሰተናግዳል በሚል ዕምነትም ጭምር ነው:: ይህንን በወገን ላይ የተነጣጠር ዝርፊያ እያንዳንዳችን ወገናዊ ተሳትፎ በማድረግ ቢያንስ ቢያንስ አንድ አንድ ህጻን በሀገሩ ላይ ለማሳደግ በቤተስቦቻችን አማካይነት ግንኙነት ባስቸኳይ በማድረግ ቢያንስ የአንድ ከርሳም ደላላ ጉሮሮ መዝጋትና እነሱ “ገበያ“ የሚሉተን እዛው ሃገር ውስጥ በማስቀረት ወገናዊ ድርሻችንን መወጣት አሁንም ይህ በግል የሚለውን ጉዳይ በድጋሚ ለማብራራት የአንባቢን ጊዜ ከመሻማት የሚዘል ባይሆንም የህጻናት ማሳደጊያ ድርጅት በሚል ስም እየፈሉ የመጡት በአብላጭው ከሃገር ቤት የህጻናት ንግድ ደላሎች ጋር ግንኙነት ያላቸው ወይንም ከጭካኔያቸው ብዛት የትርፍ ተጠቃሚዎች ለመሆናቸው እንድ አሸን መፍላታቸው ጠቋሚ ነውና ከሁሉም ከሁሉም በግል ዕርዳታውን በቤተሰባችን በኩል ማድረጉ ለቅርብ ክትትልም ሆነ ለመንፈሳችን የተረጋጋ እርፍት ይሰጣልና በግል መጀመሩ አማራጭ የለውም ምናልባትም ይህ የወር የአንድ ህጻን ማሳደጊያ ወጭ በቀን እጅግ ለማያስፍልገን ሁለተኛ ቡና የምናጠፋው ነውና ይህ የፉክክር ፊሽካ በሚቀጥለው ዕትም ተብራርቶ በግል የጀመርነው እንዴት ወደ ጋራ እንደሚውስደን የምንመዝንበት ነውና እስከዛው ድረስ መልካም ውድድር የጋራ አሸናፊዎች ነንና ቸር ይግጠመን ደነቀው ወገኑ

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| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

22

¹œ�{]¿ ÖoI¾ Ñ· ¡v#` ÃJz� R¡Ñ&�z* (Hon. Dalton

McGuinty) HRFv[cwª* ¹x±#D� OÑ�“¬‚ ÑHè ™À[Ñ#!

Phone:

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| oé 15 | m%. 5 | ØoT|/MÃ` 2002 |

Hawarya Volume 15 • No 5 • Oct/Nov 2009

23

Hç[-R`¼T z�wI| ¹m[v TÓ{`!)

Tjz% ¹Ñ�±x Ñv& x� d¾G� v±&F ö} ›�ÀQ{¹« O³ ��|�T ™|`ó<J!!

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