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LOGO
LA ORACIÓNSub- Programa 1: Dominio Instrumental del Idioma Inglés
LOGOContenidos
Categorías Gramaticales
Verbos Auxiliares
Verbos Modales
LOGOLa Oración
Una oración es una unidad del lenguaje constituida por un conjunto
de palabras que se caracteriza por poseer sentido completo. Inicia
con letra en mayúscula y culmina con un punto, signo de
interrogación o exclamación.
Sujeto
Ejemplo:
Today, the Internet and the World Wide Web are formidable
forces in business and education. It is estimated that 20% of
the population of the US uses the Internet. Outside of North
America the numbers decrease dramatically, to 9% in the UK
and Germany, 3% in France, to absolutely privileged use
elsewhere.
Verbo Complemento
LOGOCategorías Gamaticales
Sustantivo
Pronombre
Verbo
Adjetivo
Adverbio
Preposición
Conjunción
Interjección
Sustantivo
El sustantivo o nombre es la parte de la oración que puede
funcionar (con o sin artículo- a, an, the) como núcleo del sujeto u
objeto de la oración.
Singular:
Plural:
The Internet A Teacher An engineer Education
Teachers Technologies
Person
People
Prince
Princess
LOGOCategorías Gamaticales
Pronombres
Son palabras que sustituyen a sustantivos o frases nominales.
Personales Posesivos Objetos Reflexivos
I Mine Me Myself
You Yours You Yourself
He His Him Himself
She Hers Her Herself
It Its It Itself
We Ours Us Ourselves
You Yours You Yourselves
They Theirs Them themselves
Demostrativos Indefinidos
This One
These Oneself
That One´s
Those
Relativos/
Interrogativos
What
Where
When
Who
Why
When
How
Which
LOGOCategorías Gamaticales
El Verbo
Parte de la oración que indica sentimientos (love, hate), movimiento
y acción (run), existencia (be) y afirmación (cuando se usa un verbo
para afirmar el significado del mismo, por ejemplo: (you love him).
Those who have resources for acquiring the best educational
materials are also more likely to be able to afford the
subscription fees to Internet Service Providers (ISP)
Ejemplo:
LOGOCategorías Gamaticales
Adjetivo
-En inglés, los adjetivos son palabras invariables, es decir, sólo
tienen una forma única (singular).
-Los adjetivos siempre van delante del sustantivo al que están
modificando, sin embargo si se está describiendo y se coloca el
verbo to be, el adjetivo debe ir luego de éste.
-Generalmente, cuando el adjetivo posee“-er”, “-est”. Ejemplo: Old-
Older Oldest, indica un mayor grado de profundidad.
Ejemplo:
This one-way delivery system is the first far-reaching effort
now possible, that can be used to enhance the world's access
infrastructure and satisfy the schooling requirements
throughout an entire country not just in the cities.
LOGOCategorías Gamaticales
Adverbios
Adverbios
de modo
Adverbios
de
tiempo
Adverbios
de Lugar
Adverbios
de grado
Adverbios
de
frecuencia
Accidentally
Ultimately
Slowly
Loudly
Mortally
Now
Then
Already
Yesterday
Tomorrow
Soon
*There
Here
Nearby
Faraway
Abroad
Down
Quite
Rather
Enough
Very
Much
Nearly
Always
Never
Often
Frequently
Seldom
Sometimes
Al Inicio *En el medio Al final
- adverbio de tiempo - adverbio de modo
- adverbio de frecuencia
- adverbio de modo
- adverbio de lugar
- adverbio de tiempo
Ubicación de los Adverbios:
LOGOCategorías Gamaticales
Preposiciones
Son elementos que sirven de enlace entre dos palabras o distintos
elementos en la oración
Conjunción
Funcionan como conectores de palabras, frases o clausulas
(primarias o secundarias).
Ejemplo:
Ejemplo:
Sometimes there are two foramina on the posterior surface or one on the
posterior and another on the inferior surface.
Studies of nursing home patients with physical illnesses have shown that the
presence of depression substantially increased the likelihood of death from
those illnesses.
LOGOCategorías Gamaticales
Verbos Auxiliares Primarios
Los verbos auxiliares ingleses son: to be (ser o estar), to have (tener
o haber) y to do (hacer). Se llaman verbos auxiliares porque nos
ayudan a conjugar los tiempos compuestos.
To be = Ser, estar To have = tener, haber To do = hacer
Present Past Present Past Present Past
I am I was I have I had I do I did
You are You were You have You had You do I did
He is He was He has He had He does He did
She is She was She has She had She does She did
It is It was It has It had It does It did
We are We were We have We had We do We did
You are You were You have You had You do You did
They are They were They have They had They do They did
LOGOCategorías Gamaticales
Verbos Modales
Se usan para describir el grado de certeza: seguro, probable,
posible o imposible y para expresar la obligación y la libertad de
acción.No se conjugan
Grados de Certeza:
Certeza total: must, mustn't, will, won't, can, can't.
Probabilidad, posibilidad: Should, shouldn't, may, may not, can
Condicionalidad o posibilidad: Would, wouldn't, could, couldn't.
Grados de obligación:
Obligación fuerte: must
Prohibición: must not, can't
Voluntad, insistencia y ofrecimientos: will, would
Habilidad: can
Ejemplo:
Because of their change in circumstances and the fact that they're expected
to slow down, doctors and family may miss the diagnosis of depression in
elderly people, delaying effective treatment.
LOGOCategorías Gamaticales
Verbos Frasales
Son expresiones idiomáticas que se forman combinando verbos con preposiciones o adverbios.
Verbos compuestos inseparables: “look after” , “take care”, “go in”
Ejemplos: He preferred to go in for civil engineering(Él se interesó por (se especializó) ingenieria civil)
Verbos compuestos separablesEn este tipo de verbos compuestos el complemento de objeto directo va entre el verbo y
el complemento.Un ejemplo es “set apart” con el sentido de “distinguir” o “caracterizar”:The quality of their products sets Rolex apart from other watch makers.
Verbos intransitivosSe pueden utilizar sin un complemento de objeto directo.Por ejemplo "make up" en el sentido de “hacer las paces”:When mom and dad have an argument, they usually make up the following day.
LOGOCategorías Gramaticales
Verbos Regulares e Irregulares
VERBO PRESENTE PASADO SIMPLE
PARTICIPIO ESPAÑOL
askinvite playwant
ask / asks invite / invites play / plays want / wants
AskedInvitedPlayedWanted
askedinvitedplayedwanted
Pedir, preguntar Invitar Jugar Querer
INFINITIVO PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICADOArise arose arisen Elevarse, surgir, originarse.become became become Hacerse,tornarse,convertirse
en.Begin began begun Empezar, iniciar.Bet bet bet Apostar
Regulares
Irregulares
LOGOCategorías Gramaticales
Tiempos Verbales
Present Simple/Presente Simple
John plans the class every day.
Present continuous /Presente Simple
John is planning the class right now .
Simple Past/Pasado Simple
John planned the class yesterday
Past Continuous/Pasado continuo
John was planning the class at eight o´clock last night
LOGOCategorías Gramaticales
Tiempos Verbales
Present Perfect/Presente Perfecto
Past Perfect /Pasado Perfecto
Present Perfect Continous/Pasado Perfecto Continuo
Past Perfect Continous/Pasado Perfecto continuo
John has planned the class this morning.
John had planned the class at 2 o´clock in the afternoon
John has been planning the class for 2 hours
John had been planning the class that morning
LOGOCategorías Gramaticales
Tiempos Verbales
Simple Future/ Futuro Simple
Future Continuous/ Futuro Continuo
Future Perfect/ Futuro Perfecto
Future Perfect Continous/Futuro Perfecto continuo
John will plan the class
John will be planning the class by this time tomorrow.
John will have planned the class at 10:30 tonight
Tomorrow, John will have been plannig the class for a week
LOGOLa Oración
Tipos de Oraciones
By Structure/ Según su EstructuraSimple:
he had no trouble moving around the new dimension.
Compound/Compuesta:
He had no trouble moving around the new dimension andC.I
he wanted more of it.C.I
Complex/ComplejaThose are very small numbers anyway, ifC.I
we consider the potential of the Web for making knowledgeC.D
LOGO