2014 Tablero de Comando

8/12/2019 2014 Tablero de Comando

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2014-tablero-de-comando 1/53

A. Elrta `r da

âgi`rl n` elkadnl.

Kâtrbeas.

Kat`rbai n` aplyl. Aibeba Elrtao`r`da

7:1>



A. Elrta `r da

Eldt`dbnl.

• @i tagi`rl n` elkadnl• Bdnbeanlr`s l kâtrbeas• Zaranboka n` Lgf`tbvls, Zròudtas ` Bdnbeanlr`s

(OQK)

• Aioudls `f`kpils.



A. Elrta `r da

@i tagi`rl n` Elkadnl l Euanrl n` Kadnlbdtòrai (1)

• @dhlqu` elkpr`dsbvl qu` tranue` ias `stratòbas a hlrkas

tadobgi`s plr k`nbl n` bdnbeanlr`s slgr` ia sbtuaebõd yaetbvbnan`s n` uda lroadbzaebõd.• ^ranueebõd n` lgf`tbvls y `stratòba lroadbzaebldai `d ud

eldfudtl n` bdnbeanlr`s qu` haebibtad ì aibdàkb`dtl n` ilsrèursls, ì eldtrli n` ia o`stbõd y ia r`trlaibk`dtaebõd n`

bdnbeanlr`s y aeebld`s.• Elkpi`k`dtad ils bdnbeanlr`s hbdadeb`rls tranbebldai`seld bdhlrkaebõd qu` p`rkbt` v`r t`dn`debas, adtbebparprlgi`kas y n`t`rkbdar aeebld`s lrb`dtanas ai erèbkb`dtl.

• Ils bdnbeanlr`s a apibear n`g`d s`r `spèëhbels a eana

Lroadbzaebõd (hudebõd n` sus lgf`tbvls, `stratòbas,`struetura, rèursls).

(1) W. Capiad y N. Dlrtld. Lrbo. Gaiade`n Uelrèarn6 radsiatbdo stratòy bdtl aetbld MGUZ 1228. @nbebld`sO`stbõd 7:::.



@i tagi`rl n` elkadnl

• Ils bdnbeanlr`s ku`strad ia rìaebõd `dtr` nlsvarbagi`s euadtbtatbvas l euaibtatbvas qu` p`bkbt`dlgs`rvar ia sbtuaebõd y ias t`dn`debas n` eakgbl a

partbr n` ud h`dõk`dl aeldtèbnl qu` r`p`reut`dslgr` ì lgf`tl n` `stunbl.

• Ils bdnbeanlr`s pu`n`d s`r vailr`s, udbnan`s,bdnbe`s, s`rb`s `stanëstbeas, n`p`dn`d n` ud

sbst`ka n` bdhlrkaebõd.• Aoròad vailr y elkpart`d ils atrbgutls n` ia

bdhlrkaebõd.A. Elrta `r da



A. Elrta `r da

BDNBEANLW@U @ELDLKBEL-HBDADEB@WLU+

BDNBEANLW@U ULGW@ ILU EIB@D^@U

+BDNBEANLW@U ULGW@ ZWLE@ULU BD^@WDLU

+

BDNBE. ULGW@ HLWKAEBÕD R EW@EBKB@D^L; EPANWL N@ KADNL BD^@OWAI

bdtòrai



A. Elrta `r da

@i prle`sl n` arkanl nì tagi`rl nèlkadnl l euanrl n` kadnl bdtòrai• @stagiè`r ils lgf`tbvls `stratâobels y asbodari`

bdnbeanlr`s n` eukpibkb`dtl

• N`saoròar ils lgf`tbvls `d ils nbstbdtls dbvì`s.@stagiè`r k`tas

• Elkudbear y aplyar `xpibebtak`dt` ils lgf`tbvls ysus bdnbeanlr`s

• @stagiè`r `squ`ka n` bdhlrkaebõd,r`trlaikb`dtaebõd y su hrèu`deba


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2014-tablero-de-comando 7/53A. Elrta `r da

Asbodaebõd n` ils bdnbeanlr`s

• Xbdeuianls eld ils lgf`tbvls `stratâobels

• N`tètadnl ils bdnbeanlr`s qu` tratad aspètlserëtbels (aquìils n` ils euai`s s` `s r`spldsagi`)`d ì ilorl n` ils lgf`tbvls

― @f6 Watbls n` r`dtagbibnan, rltaebõd. N`klra `d ìeukpibkb`dtl n` p`nbnls. Eadtbnan n` qu`fas.Nbh`r`deba `dtr` vliök`d`s pr`supu`stanls yrài`s. ^`dn`deba.

• @s ötbi para eiarbhbear y tradskbtbr ils haetlr`s erëtbelsn` âxbtl

• @s ötbi para o`d`rar uda vbsbõd y euitura



N`saoròar lgf`tbvls y `stagiè`r k`tas

• Xbdeuianls eld ils lgf`tbvls qu` `d ils nbh`r`dt`sdbvì`s tb`dn`d a ils lgf`tbvls `stratâobels.

• Eld dbvì`s n` eukpibkb`dtl

• Wìaebõd eld ia `struetura hlrkai

• @s ötbi para aibdàr ils lgf`tbvls y ias taràs nèana sètlr eld ils n` ia lroadbzaebõd

• @s ötbi para aplyar ia vbsbõd y euitura elkpartbnas



Elkudbear

• Eiarbnan y tradspar`deba

• Aibdàr ì ltlroakb`dtl n` bde`dtbvls a ia udbnan(orupl l bdnbvbnul) eld ì ilorl n` ils lgf`tbvls (ilseastbols dl nad r`suitanl).

õ



@stagiè`r `squ`ka n` r`trlaibk`dtaebõd y suhrèu`deba• X`rbhbeaebõd p`rbõnbea.

• Adáibsbs n` n`svëls (`rrlr`s, turgui`deba, eakgbls)

• Afust` `d k`tas ― Ub s` eukpibõ eld ia lrn`d`s y dl s` eukpibõ ì

lgf`tbvl, l s` il aieadza eld kaylr haebibnan n` ia`sp`rana



@I EPANWL N@ KADNL BD^@OWAI

• Bdnbeanlr`s èldõkbel-hbdadeb`rls ― Kuy vaiblsls ― Mbstõrbels

• Bdnbeanlr`s dl hbdadeb`rls qu` nad ia vbsbõd n` ia

sbtuaebõd elkp`tbtbva pr`s`dt` y su prlyèebõdhutura• Nbh`r`dt` para eana lroadbzaebõd, sòöd su

`struetura, mbstlrba, lgf`tbvls `stratâobels

• Zara tlnls ils dbvì`s n` ia lroadbzaebõd, eld ìoranl n` n`saoròaebõd n` bdhlrkaebõd quèlrr`spldna a eana dbvì, para o`d`rar ias aeebld`selrr`spldnb`dt`s `d eana dbvì.

@I @DHLQP@



@I @DHLQP@@ELDLKBEL-HBDADEB@WLW`dnbkb`dtl a ils bdv`rslr`s

• W`dtagbibnan

• Elstl nì eapbtai

• W`dnbkb`dtl n` ias bdv`rsbld`s

• Wltaebõd n` aetbvls y pasbvls• Xailr Aoròanl (@XA)

• Xailr n` ias aeebld`s



@I @DHLQP@ @ELDLKBEL HBDADEB@WL



@I @DHLQP@ @ELDLKBEL [email protected]ìaebldanls eld ia aetbvbnan• BN aetbvls; (v`dtas/aetbvl)/ (utbibnan

lp`ratbva/v`dtas)• BN patrbkldbl d`tl; (v`dtas/patrbkldbl

d`tl/(utbibnan d`ta/ v`dtas)

• Aioudls `f`kpils.1.X`dtas

• X`dtas nbarbas kld`tarbas y `d vliuk`d

• X`dtas plr eib`dt`s• X`dtas plr iëdàs, zldas, v`dn`nlr, `te

• El`hbeb`dt` elstl-v`dn`nlr; X`dtas/elkbsbld`sA. Elrta `r da




@I @DHLQP@ @ELDLKBEL [email protected]ìaebldanls eld ia aetbvbnan

7. Eu`dtas plr elgrar• Eadtbnan n` haet. Bkpaoas plr eib`dt`,plr prlnuetl, zldar,`te

• Zrlk`nbl nbas n` atrasl n` ias haeturas v`debnas

• Eadtbnan n` eib`dt`s eld iëkbt` `xe`nbnl

5. Hbdadzas

• Xliuk`d n` elgrls nbarbls

• Xliuk`d n` paols nbarbls

• Kldtls y tasas n` hbdadebaebõd aeukuianls ai hbd nì k`s.

A. Elrta `r da



[email protected]ìaebldanls eld ia aetbvbnan

• >. Iloëstbea

• Zlre`dtaf` n` eapaebnan aetbva 6udbnan`s `d ebreuiaebõd /udbnan`s y k`trls eögbels earoanls/ k`trls eögbels nbspldbgi`s

• Eadtbnan y % n` `dtròas adtrasanas

• Eadtbnan n` paranas bdvliudtarbas

• 0 Zrlnueebõd• Eadtbnan prlnuebnas plr prlnuetl

• Eadtbnan`s prlnuebnas plr iëdà n` prlnueebõd

• Xarbaebld`s `d ia `struetura nì prlnuetl

• Zrlk`nbl n` mlras tragafanas plr nëa y varbaebld`s• Zaranas bdvliudtarbas

A. Elrta `r da




@I @DHLQP@ @ELDLKBEL [email protected]ìaebldanls eld ia aetbvbnanWltaebõd n` bdv`dtarbls6 dök`rl n` vè`s qu` `d ud añl `sta

bdv`rsbõd va ai k`reanl.6 BWB; Elstl n` v`dtas /Bdv`dtarblprlk`nbl aduai.

Ziazl prlk`nbl `d qu` `sta bdv`rsbõd s` kadtb`d` `d ia `kpr`sa;Bdv`rsa n` BWB/580

Wltaebõd n` elgradzas6 BWE; X`dtas nì añl/Eu`dtas plr elgrarprlk`nbl aduai

Ziazl prlk`nbl n` elgradzas6 Bdv`rsa n` BWE x 580

Wltaebõd n` paols6 BWZ; Elkpras nì añl/ Eu`dtas plr paoarprlk`nbl aduai

Ziazl prlk`nbl n` paols6 Bdv`rsa BWZx580

A. Elrta `r da



@I @DHLQP@



A. Elrta `r da

@I @DHLQP@N@UN@ @I EIB@D^@• Zartbebpaebõd plr prlnuetl

• Zartbebpaebõd plr zlda o`loráhbea• Zartbebpaebõd plr eadai

• ^`dn`debas

• W`t`debõd, rltaebõd, bdelrplraebõd, p`rnbna n` eib`dt`s

• Xarbaebõd `d ì erlss-sìibdo• W`dtagbibnan plr eib`dt`, haeturaebõd plr eib`dt`.

• Eadtbnan n` rèiakls nbarbls (kabi, tìâhldl,`te).

• Eadtbnan n` n`vliuebld`s, n` `dtròas plst`roanas.

@I @DHLQP@



A. Elrta `r da7

@I @DHLQP@N@ ILU ZWLE@ULU BD^@WDLU• Bddlvaebõd

― Nbs`ñl n` prlnuetls/prle`sls/slhtwar` ― N`sarrliil n` prlnuetls/prle`sls/slhtwar`@d o`d`rai lp`raebld`s dl r`p`tbtbvas n` kas nbhbebi euadtbhbeaebõd

• Lp`raebõd ― Zrlnueebõd ― @dtròa (^b`kpl k`nbl y káxbkl `dtr` p`nbnl y `dtròa, Z`nbnls

eukpibnls `d hlrka elkpi`ta y parebai, Qu`fas rèbgbnas

― U`rvbebl Zlst-v`dta ― Ulplrt` Bdt`rdl

@d o`d`rai lp`raebld`s r`p`tbtbvas n` kas háebi euadtbhbeaebõd

@I @DHLQP@



A. Elrta `r da7

@I @DHLQP@N@ IA HLWKAEBÕD R @I EW@EBKB@D^L• Uatbshaeebõd

• W`t`debõd n` p`rsldai eiav`

• Zrlnuetbvbnan

• @dtr`dakb`dtl

• @kpiànls eaibhbeanls/pu`stls n` tragafleaibhbeanls.





¼Quâ `s ud bdnbeanlr<. Earaet`rëstbeas

• Ils bdnbeanlr`s tb`d`d ias sboub`dt`s

earaet`rëstbeas61.Dlkgr` para su bn`dtbhbeaebõd

7.Ptbibnan n`hbdbr ia hbdaibnan a aieadzar eld su usl.

5.Eáieuil y hõrkuia euadnl sld euadtbtatbvls>.Pdbnan, `s nèbr, il qu` r`pr`s`dta

0.Oilsarbl, n`taii` nldn` s` `xpibebtad eld kaylr l

k`dlr prèbsbõd ils haetlr`s qu` il elkpld`d y iakad`ra `d qu` âstls s` bdvliuerad eld ì prle`sln` eáieuil.

A. Elrta `r da7



A. Elrta `r da7

Ptbibnan n` ils bdnbeanlr`s.

• Eràd k`klrba.• Ubdt`tbzad bdhlrkaebõd.• Z`rkbt`d adáibsbs y r`trlaibk`dtaebõd (`d bdnbeanlr`s

kbskls, piad`s, aeebld`s).

― Maeba nìadt` ― Elkparadnl piad eld rài.

• Z`rkbt`d elkparaebõd mlrbzldtai (g`demkarcbdo)• U` lptbkbza su utbibzaebõd sb sld n` eldsuita magbtuai

(ìaglraebõd y pr`s`dtaebld`s autlkátbea, n`p`dnb`dnln` ia hudebõd n` eana eliaglranlr).



Bdnuetlr`s

• Ils bdnuetlr`s sld bdnbeanlr`s n` r`suitanl, Ubdt`tbzad

uda eadtbnan n` bdnbeanlr`s eld ì hbd n` elkudbear sbs` eukpi` eld ils lgf`tbvls hbfanls.

• Kbn`d y p`rkbt`d ì sòubkb`dtl n` ias `stratòbaselk`rebai`s, prlnuetbvas, hbdadeb`ras, n` apr`dnbzaf` y

eapaebtaebõd n` rèursls mukadls, k`nblakgb`dtai`s,`te. Zlr il tadtl, s` bdeiubrá `d ì tagi`rl uda eadtbnann` bdnuetlr`s plr p`rspètbva.

• Eana udl n` ils bdnbeanlr`s bdeiubnls `d ì tagi`rleukpi` ud papì n`hbdbnl , sà elkl bdnuetlr l elkl`hètl.

A. Elrta `r da7

B n Ai f i



Bdnuetlr`s, Aioudls `f`kpils

ZWLNEEBLD EAIBNAN

DBX@I N@ ZWLNPEEBLDBDX@DÂWBLU

ELU^LU IBN@WAVOL @EDLILOBEL

ZWLNPE^BXBNAN BDNPU^WBA

N@ IA @KZW@UA

N@I ^WAGAFLEIB@D^@ UA^BUHAEEBLD

W@EPWULU MPKADLU ELKZLUBEBLD N@ IA DLKBDA

DBX@I UAIAWBAI

AKGB@D^@

U@OPWBNAN @ MBOB@D@

HLWKAEBLD R ZWLKLEBLD@

UB^PAEBLD HBDADEB@WA W@DÂGBIBNAN @ELDLKBEA RHBADAEB@WA

A. Elrta `r da7

Kâtrbeas n` Dbvì n` U`rvbebl y Kâtrbeas n`



A. Elrta `r da7

Kâtrbeas n` Dbvì n` U`rvbebl y Kâtrbeas n`Zrle`sls

• Kâtrbeas n` Dbvì n` U`rvbebl. Kbn`d ia `hètbvbnan nì s`rvbebl.

― Lrb`dtanas ai usuarbl. ― Gas` n` ils Aeu`rnls n` Dbvì n` U`rvbebl (UIA) ― W`suitad razldagi`k`dt` lgf`tbvas.

• Kâtrbeas n` prle`sls. Kbn`d ia `hbeb`deba nì prle`sl. ― Zu`n`d k`nbr ia eaibnan nì prle`sl qu` ii`va ai dbvì n` s`rvbebl. ― K`flradnl ia `hbeb`deba nì prle`sl s` pu`n`d r`nuebr elstls y k`flrar

eaibnan, k`flrar s`rvbebl.

@f`kpils ― @i eukpibkb`dtl eld ia `dtròa n` bdhlrkaebõd a tb`kpl `s uda kâtrbea n`

s`rvbebl. ― Ia eadtbnan n` eadeìaebld`s y ia dè`sbnan n` r`prle`sls `s uda

kâtrbea n` prle`sl.

E t é tb n i b nb n



A. Elrta `r da7

Earaet`réstbeas n` ils bdnbeanlr`s.

Ils bdnbeanlr`s n`g`d s`r6• Gasanls `d ia ràibnan lroadbzaebldai, su eldt`xtl y lgf`tbvls. Wàibstas eld rìaebõd ai

eldt`xtl bdt`rdl y `xt`rdl.• @spèëhbels y rì`vadt`s. Lrb`dtanls ai lgf`tl a k`nbr, tlkadnl sus earaet rëstbeassbodbhbeatbvas.

• K`nbgi`s y elkparagi`s. @d il plsbgi` `d hlrka lgf`tbva, sb `sl dl `s plsbgi` `d hlrkavailr`s eld ait`rdatbvas `xpibebtls (s` r`nue` y tradspar`dta ia sugf`tbvbnan).

• Aeebldagi`s. Ubkpi`s n` `dt`dn`r para aeebldar ias aeebld`s elrrètbvas.• ^`kplrai`s. Aslebanls a ud klk`dtl n`t`rkbdanl.

• Lplrtudls. Nbspldbgi`s euadnl s` ils dè`sbta.• Eldhbagi`s. Gasanls `d natls eldstatagi`s ` bdnugbtagi`s.• Uuhbeb`dt`s. Dl n`g`d s`r `xe`sbvls, eay`dnl `d ia dè`sbnan n` tragafar para

aibk`dtarils.• Ubkpi`s. Natls eliètanls y ìaglranls `d hlrka sbkpi`, bdhlrkaebõd elkpr`dsbgi`.

N`hbdbnls n` il o`d`rai a il partbeuiar.

Ils `dhlqu`s n` il partbeuiar a il o`d`rai, sb gb`d ötbi`s, dl oaradtbzad ì aibdàkb`dtl eld ilslgf`tbvls. @s plsbgi` qu` s` eukpiad, plr `f`kpil, earaet`rëstbeas `spèëhbeas `d ìn`sarrliil n` slhtwar` (`f6 tb`kpl, guos, iëdàs n` eõnbol, prlnuetbvbnan, `te.) y ìn`sarrliil elkpi`tl dl s` `deu`dtr` aib`danl eld ils lgf`tbvls.

@i tagi`rl n` elkadnl l euanrl n` kadnl



A. Elrta `r da7

@i tagi`rl n` elkadnl l euanrl n` kadnlbdtòrai y ils bdnbeanlr`s• N`g` s`r eldstrubnl n` klnl n` klstrar y¼r

r`sp`tar ia eausaibnan `dtr` bdnbeanlr`s• Eana bdnbeanlr n` uda nbk`dsbõd n`g` aplyar a

ltrl.

• @i i`douaf` nì bdnbeanlr `s bkplrtadt`, ils vailr`sagsliutls y rìatbvls pu`n`d `xpr`sars`vbsuaibzadnl ia kaodbtun y ia eaibhbeaebõd nana plrì adaibsta. @d `st` easl magrá qu` eldt`kpiar ia

rì`vadeba y eldv`db`deba n` ia kbska. @f`kpil6

@i tagi`rl n` elkadnl l euanrl n` kadnl



@i tagi`rl n` elkadnl l euanrl n` kadnlbdtòrai y ils bdnbeanlr`s

havlrBagi`

n`shavlragi`

@vliuebõd UBD varbagi`s sbodbhbeatbvas

@vliuebõd ELD varbagi`s `xe`pebldai`s(+ 0:%)

Xarbaebld`s kuy bkplrtadt`s (5:%-0:%)

Xarbaebld`s sbodbhbeatbvas (0%-5:%)A. Elrta `r da

IA W@IAEBLD @D^W@ ILU BDNBEANLW@U



A. Elrta `r da

IA W@IAEBLD @D^W@ ILU BDNBEANLW@U(`f`kpil)

X`dtas plrprlnuetl

X`dtas plr

eib`dt`

Eadtbnan nèib`dt`s

X`dtas

Elstl

Dbvì n`

`hbeb`deba

Ptbibnan

W`suitanllp`ratbvl

Elstl n` ils

Zasbvls(_AEE)

W`dtagbibnann` ias

bdv`rsbld`s

Uatbshaeebõdn` eib`dt`s

Eaptaebõddu`vlseib`dt`s

^BZLU N@ BDNBEANLW@U



A. Elrta `r da

^BZLU N@ BDNBEANLW@U

• Bdnbeanlr`s n` `stratòba

• Bdnbeanlr`s n` aetuaebõd

BDNBEANLW@U N@ @U^WA^@OBA



A. Elrta `r da

BDNBEANLW@U N@ @U^WA^@OBA

• Ils qu` biustrad slgr` ì avade` n` ias `stratòbas

elkp`tbtbvas nìbdànas• Ai`rtad slgr` ì avade` n` ias `stratòbas qu`

gusead eakgbls elkp`tbtbvls trase`dn`dt`s

• Uld aplyanls plr ils bdnbeanlr`s n` aetuaebõd• Wòia6 Dl n`g`d s`r kas n` 1:/7: plr padì para

ia Lroadbzaebõd tlna

BDNBEANLW@U N@ AE^PAEBÕD



A. Elrta `r da

BDNBEANLW@U N@ AE^PAEBÕD

• Ils qu` bdhlrkad sb ì dòlebl s` elkplrta elkl

s` `sp`ra, y ai`rtad slgr` prlgi`kas• Erbt`rbl n` bdhlrkaebõd plr `xe`pebõd

• Wòia6 Dl kas n` 1:/7: para eana orupl l

bdnbvbnul

ZWLGI@KAU ^BZBELU AI BKZIADÂW PD



A. Elrta `r da

EPANWL N@ KADNL BD^@OWAI• Haita n` uda `stratòba eiara

• Haita n` vbdeuiaebõd n` lgf`tbvls-k`tas y`stratòbas

• Haita n` asbodaebõd n` rèursls

• Haita n` r`trlaibk`dtaebõd y afust`

HAIÂ N@ PDA @U^WA^@OBA EIAWA



A. Elrta `r da

HAIÂ N@ PDA @U^WA^@OBA EIAWA

• Elds`dsl

• ^radspar`deba• Zld`r `d ’giadel y dòrl‛



HAIÂ N@ AUBODAEBLD N@ W@EPWULU



A. Elrta `r da

HAIÂ N@ AUBODAEBLD N@ W@EPWULU

• Zr`supu`stls lp`ratbvls

• Ziad n` bdv`rsbld`s• Lgf`tbvls ’nèiakanls y vliudtarbstas‛

HAIÂ N@ W@^WLAIBK@DÂEBLD R



A. Elrta `r da

AFPU^@• Anm`sbõd y `kplw`rk`dt

• @seuema aetbva• Elrrèebõd

@U^WA^@OBA N@ BKZIADÂEBLD



A. Elrta `r da>

@U^WA^@OBA N@ BKZIADÂEBLD

• Uìèebldar ì/ias árà/s pbiltl

• Uìèebldar ils lgf`tbvls a kldbtlràr• N`t`rkbdar ils bdnbeanlr`s apibeagi`s

• N`t`rkbdar ì prle`sl para ia lgt`debõd n` ils

vailr`s y ia hrèu`deba nì eldtrli• W`hbdar

• Autlkatbzar

• @xpadnbr

@D UBD^@UBU



A. Elrta `r da>

@D UBD^@UBU

@I EPANWL N@ KADNL BD^@OWAI

KLXBIBVA A IA LWOADBVAEBÕD

MAEBA ILULGF@^BXLU @U^WA^@OBELU

Bdnbeanlr`s `d ias áràs n` ^BEsW gi n tb bn n t



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Wazldagi`s para eana aetbvbnan y klk`dtl.• NBH@W@D^@U KÂ^WBEAU ZAWA N@UAWWLIIL, ZWLNPEEBÕD R

KAD^@DBKB@D^L.

• N`saoròar lgf`tbvls.• N`hbdbr bdnbeanlr`s eld eiara vbdeuiaebõd eld ils lgf`tbvls.• N`t`rkbdar ia hlrka n` lgt`d`r y aibk`dtar ils natls.• N`hbdbr bdnbeanlr`s n` razldagi eukpibkb`dtl. Dl qu`r`r ’saitar‛

`tapas sb ia lroadbzaebõd dl s` `deu`dtra kanura.• Eldeb`dtbzar slgr` ia utbibnan n` ils bdnbeanlr`s, `vbtar bdnbeanlr`s qu`

prlvlqu`d r`sbst`debas bddè`sarbas• Nbstrbgubr r`suitanls para qu` eana aetlr pu`na `vaiuarils, prlpld`r

eakgbls `d ìils y lp`rar ias k`flras qu` suob`r`d.

• Nbhudnbr ias k`flras iloranas plr nbspld`r n` bdhlrkaebõd.

OQK - Zaranboka n` Lgf`tbvls, Zròudtas `B nb n (O i Q tb K t b Z nb )1



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Bdnbeanlr`s (Olai Qu`stbld K`trbe Zaranbok)1

• Kèadbskl para k`nbr ia lrb`dtaebõd ai lgf`tbvl `d ìn`sarrliil n` slhtwar`

• Zrbk`rl s` `spèbhbead ils lgf`tbvls n` ia lroadbzaebõd ysus prlyètls.

• Iuòl s` vbdeuiad ils lgf`tbvls eld ils natls qu` pu`n`dn`hbdbrils lp`ratbvak`dt`.

• Zlr uitbkl s` bdt`rpr`ta ils natls eld rìaebõd a `slslgf`tbvls.

(1) Gasbib, Eainb`ra, Wlkgaem, lrbobdai. 122>. W`vbsbõd 7::7. @deyeilp`nba lh Ulhtwar` @dobd``rbdo, Flmd _bi`y &Ulds, Bde.

OQK - LGF@^BXL (OLAI, dbvì elde`ptuai)



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OQK LGF@^BXL (OLAI, dbvì elde`ptuai)

• U` n`hbd` eana lgf`tbvl para6

― Zrlnuetls6 Art`haetls, nleuk`dtls a prlnuebr, `f6`spèbhbeaebld`s, n`serbpebõd n` padtaiias,prlorakas, fuòls n` pru`ga.

― Zrle`sls6 Aetbvbnan`s a ràibzar, bn`dtbhbeanas `dhlrka n`saoròana, `f6 nbs`ñl, prlorakaebõd, `te.

― Wèursls6 Apibeaebld`s n` rèursls, `f6 mlrasmlkgr`, `qubpls, pb`zas n` slht, `spaebl n` lhbebdas,nbd`rl.

OQK - ZW@OPDÂ (QP@U^BLD, dbvì lp`ratbvl).



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( , p )

• Eldfudtl n` pròudtas usanas para earaet`rbzar ia

hlrka `d qu` ud lgf`tbvl s` aieadza.• Ias pròudtas earaet`rbzad ì lgf`tbvl n`sn`

nbh`r`dt`s pudtls n` vbsta. @f6 tb`kpl `kpiànl,aprlgaebõd nì usuarbl, r`suitanl n` pru`gas.

OQK - BDNBEANLW (K@^WBE, dbvì euadtbtatbvl).



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( , )

• U` asleba ud eldfudtl n` natls a eana pròudta

para pln`r r`spldn`ria `d hlrka euadtbtatbva.• Ils natls pu`n`d s`r lgf`tbvls l sugf`tbvls (s`

aelta y traspar`dta ia sugf`tbvbnan plr ia pròudta).@f`kpils6

― Lgf`tbvls6 Duk`rl n` v`rsbld`s nì nleuk`dtlmasta qu` hu` aprlganl. Eadtbnan n` mlras`kpiànas. Bkplrt`s agldanls.

― Uugf`tbvls6 Eiarbnan nì nleuk`dtl

(aita/k`nba/gafa), dbvì n` satbshaeebõd nì usuarbl(kuy/razldagi`/plel/bdsuhbeb`dt`).

OQK - @f`kpils6



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f p

@dtlrdl6 K`sa n` ayuna.

• Lgf`tbvl6 K`flrar ia eapaebtaebõd nì prbk`r dbvì n`slplrt`.

• Zròudta6 ¼Euái `s ì dbvì n` r`spu`sta aetuai<

• Kâtrbeas6 ― Zlre`dtaf` n` p`nbnls qu` s` r`suìv`d `d ì prbk`r dbvì n`

slplrt`.

― N` ils p`nbnls qu` r`qub`r`d ud kaylr dbvì n` slplrt`6

• Zlre`dtaf` qu` r`qub`r` aee`sl hësbel ai `qubpl.• Wòbstrl n` kltbvls plr ils euai`s s` r`qub`r` ud aee`sl hësbel.

OQK - @f`kpils6



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f p

@dtlrdl6 K`sa n` ayuna.

• Lgf`tbvl6 K`flrar ì piazl n` prlvbsbõd n` sliuebõd ai eib`dt` bdt`rdl.• Zròudta6 ¼Euádtl s` tarna mly `d nar ia sliuebõd ai p`nbnl n` ayuna<• Kâtrbeas6

― ^b`kpl káxbkl ― ^b`kpl këdbkl. ― Zrbk`r euartbi. ― ^b`kpl prlk`nbl n` sliuebõd. ― ^`re`r euartbi. ― ^b`kpl káxbkl n` sliuebõd. ― N`svël stádnar.

OQK - @f`kpils6



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f p

@dtlrdl6 Árà n` n`sarrliil.

• Lgf`tbvl6 Eukpibr ias `xpètatbvas n` ils eib`dt`bdt`rdl `d ils prlyètls prblrbzanls y eukpibnls<.

• Zròudta6 ¼Euái `s i dbvì aetuai n` satbshaeebõdn` ils eib`dt`s bdt`rdls `d ils prlyètls prblrbzanlsy eukpibnls<

• Kâtrbeas6 ― @vaiuaebõd sugf`tbva n` ils eib`dt`s bdt`rdls slgr`

eu`stbldarbl `strueturanl.

@f`kpils n` lgf`tls a bdnbear.



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f p f

• Apibeaeëõd n` rèursls.

• Iëdàs n` eõnbol (tai v`z audqu` lgf`tbvl r`suit` sugf`tbvl).• Zrlgi`kas r`plrtanls `d ud p`rëlnl.

• Uatbshaeebõd nì eib`dt`.

• Dbvì n` hudebldaibnan.

• W`qu`rbkb`dtls n` slplrt` y kadt`dbkb`dtl.• Zudtls n` hudebõd para ì n`sarrliil y ì kadt`dbkb`dtl.

@f`kpil n` aioudls bdnbeanlr`s



• O`stbõd n` bdebn`dt`s (lgs`rvaebld pudtuai y elkparaebõd mbstõrbea). ― ^b`kpl n` `sp`ra plr hradfa mlrarba, prlk`nbl y káxbkl.

― Eadtbnan n` iiakanas agadnldanas adt`s n` su at`debõd plr hradfamlrarba. ― ^b`kpl eld tlnas ias iëdàs leupanas plr hradfa mlrarba. ― Zlre`dtaf` n` bdebn`dt`s r`suìtls `d ì prbk`r dbvì n` slplrt` (o`d`rai,

plr eliaglranlr). ― ^b`kpl prlk`nbl y tb`kpl káxbkl `d qu` s` r`suìv` `seaiar ud

bdebn`dt` (o`d`rai, plr eliaglranlr). ― Zlre`dtaf` n` bdebn`dt`s dl r`suìtls `d ì sòudnl dbvì n` slplrt`. ― Zlre`dtaf` n` bdebn`dt`s ràsbodanls iuòl n` ia asbodaebõd bdbebai

(o`d`rai, plr n`rbvanlr). ― ^b`kpl prlk`nbl y káxbkl n` r`sliuebõd n` ud bdebn`dt` `d eana dbvì

n` slplrt` (o`d`rai, plr eliaglranlr).

― Uatbshaeebõd n` usuarbls (`deu`sta plst`rblr, o`d`rai, plr eliaglranlr). ― Eadtbnan n` bdebn`dt`s plr tbpl.

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@f`kpil n` aioudls bdnbeanlr`s



― N`sarrliil. O`stbõd n` prlyètl.• Zlre`dtaf` n` taràs eld aioöd atrasl.

• Zrlk`nbl y káxbkl n` eadtbnan n` nëas n` atrasl `d ias taràs eld hèma n`hbdaibzaebõd aieadzana.• Bkpaetl `d eadtbnan n` nëas n` atrasl `d ì prlyètl n` ias taràs eld atrasl.• Eadtbnan n` nëas n` atrasl plr tarà.• Nëas n` atrasl `d ia nbspldbgbibnan n` nleuk`dtaebõd

― N`sarrliil. O`stbõd n` eakgbls.• Eadtbnan n` p`nbnls n` eakgbl eld `vaiuaebõd p`dnb`dt`.• Adtboù`nan `d nëas n` ils p`nbnls n` eakgbl dl `vaiuanls, prlk`nbl y káxbka.• Zlre`dtaf` n` p`nbnls n` eakgbl ae`ptanls slgr` p`nbnls n` eakgbl `vaiuanls.• Bkpaetl `d eadtbnan n` nëas n` atrasl plr ia ae`ptaebõd n` p`nbnls n` eakgbl.

― N`sarrliil. Eaibnan y prlgi`kas. (plr eliaglranlr y o`d`rai)• Eadtbnan n` `rrlr`s n`tètanls `d eana ebeil n` pru`ga.• Zrlk`nbl y káxbkl n` eadtbnan n` nëas n` `rrlr`s aöd dl elrròbnls.

• Eadtbnan n` `rrlr`s elrròbnls slgr` eadtbnan n` `rrlr`s tltai`s.• Eadtbnan n` v`rsbld`s.• Eadtbnan n` `rrlr`s n`tètanls plr ì usuarbl.

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