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Instituto Tecnologico Superior de

Puerto VallartaEnglish level 5

APOSTROPHE

Integrants:------------------------ Jaime Castillo Galvan Antonio Espindola Gonzalez

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APOSTROPHE

Definition 1

apostrophe, punctuation mark used to indicate omission of lettersor possession; digression in a discourse to someone not present.

Definition 2

figure of speech for dialogue that is to talk in a speech or narration vehemently in the second person, addressing a group or personpresent, dead or absent, to abstractions or inanimate objects, oreven himself. The use of this resource is very common in prayers orprayers, the soliloquies and invocations. It is also frequent use of this figure in politics, because it creates the impression among thepublic that he is addressing himself directly, increasingresponsiveness.

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y Apostrophe ( ' )

y

The apostrophe has three uses in the English language:

y 1) To form possessive nouns.y 2) To show the omission of letters.y 3) To indicate certain plurals of lowercase letters.

y The apostrophe is not used for possessive pronouns or plural nouns.

W HICH IS THE APOSTROPHE

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RULES OF APOSTROPHERule 1.y U se the apostrophe with contractions. The apostrophe is always placed at the spot where the

letter(s) has been removed.

Examples:y don't, i sn'ty You'r e right.y She' s a gr eat t eacher.

Rule 2.y U se the apostrophe to show possession. Place the apostrophe before the s to show singular

possession.Examples:

y one boy' s haty one woman' s haty one actr ess' s haty one chil d' s hat

N OTE: Although names ending in s or an s sound are not required to have the second s added inpossessive form, it is preferred.

y M r. Jones' s golf cl ubsy Texas ' s weather y M s. Str aus' s d aught er y Jose S anchez' s artwork y Dr. H as ting s' s appoint ment ( name is H as tings)

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Rule 3.y U se the apostrophe where the noun that should follow is implied.

Example:y T his was his father' s , not hi s , jack et.

Rule 4.y To show plural possession, make the noun plural first. Then immediately use the apostrophe.

Examples:y two boys' hatsy two women' s hatsy two actr esses ' hatsy two chil dr en' s hatsy the C hangs' housey the Joneses' golf cl ubs y the Str auses' d aught er y the S anchezes ' artwork y

the H as tingses' appoint ment

Rule 5.y Do not use an apostrophe for the plural of a name.

Examples:y W e visited the S anchezes in Los Angeles.y

T he C hangs have two cats and a dog.

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Rule 6.y W ith a singular compound noun, show possession with ' s at the end of the word.

Example:y m y mother-in- law' s hat

Rule 7.y If the compound noun is plural, form the plural first and then

use the apostrophe.Example:

y m y two broth er s-in-law' s hats

Rule 8.y U se the apostrophe and s after the second name only if two people possess the same item.

Examples:y Cesar and M aribel ' s home is constru cted o f r ed wood.y Cesar' s and M aribel ' s job contr acts will be r enewed

next year.Indicates separate ownership.

y Cesar and M aribel ' s job contr acts will be r enewed next year.Indicates joint ownership of more than one contract.

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Rule 9.y N ever use an apostrophe with possessive pronouns: his , her s , its , their s , our s , your s , whose. They

already show possession so they do not require an apostrophe.Examples:

Correct:y T his book is her s , not your s.In correct:y Sincer el y your' s.

Rule 10 .y The only time an apostrophe is used for it' s is when it is a contraction for it is or it has .

Examples:y I t' s a nice d a y.y I t' s your right to r ef use the invitation.y I t' s been gr eat getting to kno w you.

Rule 11.y If the gerund has a pronoun in front of it, use the possessive form

of that pronoun.Examples:

y I appr eciate your inviting me to dinn er.y I appr eciated his working with me to r esol ve the con fl ict.

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Rule 12.y The plurals for capital letters and numbers used as nouns are not formed with apostrophes.

Examples:y She consul ted with thr ee M .D.s.

B UTShe went to thr ee M .D.s' o ff ices.Theapostrophe is needed here to show plural possessive.

y She learned her ABCs.y the '90s or th e mid-'70s n ot the '90' s or th e mid-'70' sy She learned her times tables f or 6s and 7 s.

Exception:y U se apostrophes with capital letters and numbers when the meaning would be unclear otherwise.

Examples:y P lease dot your i' s.y Y ou don't mean is.y Ted coul dn't di stingui sh between his 6' s and 0' s.y Y ou need to use the apostrophe to indicate the plural of zero or it will look like the word Os. To be

consistent within a sentence, you would also use the apostrophe to indicate the plural of 6' s.

Rule 13.y U se the possessive case in front of a gerund ( -ing word).y Examples:y Alex' s sk ating was a joy to behol d.y T his does not sto p Joan' s inspecting o f our facil ities

next T hur sd a y.