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Inglés Básico
Unidad I Socialización
Objetivo Terminal
Expresar en forma oral y escrita, saludos, presentaciones, despedidas,
permisos, disculpas y agradecimientos en el idioma Inglés.
Contenido
Saludos
Formales
Informales
Despedidas
Presentaciones
Presentarse
Presentar a otros
Expresiones
Disculpas
Permisos
Agradecimientos
Información de la unidad
Las formas de relacionarse entre las personas son muy variadas. En Inglés
se utilizan diversas expresiones que permiten el acercamiento o
conocimiento entre las personas de manera formal e informal, desde el
saludo hasta la manera de presentar a otras personas. En esta unidad el
5
Inglés Básico
participante se relacionará con esas expresiones, permitiendo ponerlas en
práctica entre sus compañeros.
Grammar / Gramática
Formal Greetings / Saludos Formales
In the Morning / En la Mañana: Good Morning / Buenos Días
In the Afternoon / En la Tarde: Good Afternoon / Buenas Tardes
In the Evening / En la Noche:
At Night / En la Noche Good Evening / Buenas Noches
Informal Greetings / Saludos Informales
Hi / Hello Hola
How are you? ¿Cómo estás tú? / ¿Cómo está Usted?
How do you do? ¿Cómo Está Usted? / ¿Cómo le va a usted?
How do you feel? ¿Cómo se siente?
Information Questions
Preguntas Informativas
Answers
Respuestas
How are you?
Fine
I’m very well
I’m so so
Pretty Good
Thanks
Thank you And you?
¿Cómo estás tú?
Bien
Estoy muy bien
Estoy regular
Muy bien
Gracias
Y usted?
Y tú?
6
Inglés Básico
En el inglés no se establece diferencia entre el usted (you) y tú (you)
Farewell Expressions / Expresiones de Despedida
Good Bye! Adios
Bye! Adios
See you Nos Vemos
Tomorrow Hasta Mañana
See you Later Nos vemos más Tarde
Next Week Hasta la Próxima Semana
Soon Hasta Pronto
So long Hasta Luego
Until Tomorrow Hasta Mañana
Examples / EjemplosInformal Dialogue / Dialogo Informal
A: Hello Aurilu Hola Aurilu
B: Hi Iralis. How are you? Hola Iralis. ¿Cómo estás?
A: I’m fine thanks, and you? Estoy bien gracias, ¿y tú?
B: Pretty Good Muy bien
A: See you later Nos vemos más tarde
B: See you! Nos vemos
Formal Dialogue / Dialogo Formal
A: Good Morning Mr. Rojas Buenos Días Sr. Rojas
B: Good Morning Mrs. Smith Buenos Días Sra. Smith
A: How do you do? ¿Cómo estas?
B: I’m very well, thank you Estoy muy bien, gracias.
Self Introduction / Presentación de sí mismo
My name is… Mi nombre es…
7
Inglés Básico
I am / I’m… Yo soy…
Example:
My name is Aurilu Mi nombre es AuriluI am / I’m Alfred Yo soy AlfredoWhat’s your name? ¿Cuál es tu nombre?
Introducing others / Presentando a otrosInformal
This is (Susan) Esta es (Susan)
She is (Mirian) Ella es (Mirian)
He is (Carlos) El es (Carlos)
Nice to meet you Encantado (a) de conocerte
Nice to meet you too Encantado (a) de conocerte también
Example:
A: Peter this is Marlene Pedro esta es Marlene
B: Hi Marlene, I’m Peter Hola Marlene, Soy Pedro
C: Hi Peter, Nice to meet you Hola Pedro, Encantada de conocerte
B: Nice to meet you too Encantado de conocerte también
Formal
Let me introduce you to… Permitame presentarle a…
How do you do? Encantado de conocerle
(How do you do?, en este caso es
utilizado como una respuesta más
que como una pregunta y debe
obtener una respuesta con la misma
expresión)
Glad to meet you Encantado de conocerle
8
Inglés Básico
It’s a pleasure to meet you Es un placer conocerte (le)
Example:
A: Good Morning Mr. Rojas Buenos Días Sr. Rojas
B: Good Morning Mr. Perez, Buenos Días Sr. Pérez
Let me introduce you Miss Cabrera Permítame presentarle a la
Srta. Cabrera
C: How do you do? Encantada
A: How do you do? Encantado
Apologize Expressions / Expresiones de Disculpa
Giving an Apologize / Dando una disculpa
Excuse me Discúlpame / Discúlpeme
I’m sorry Lo Siento / Lo Lamento
Pardon Me Perdóname
Forgive me Perdóname
I beg your Pardon Perdóname
Examples:
Excuse me for coming late Discúlpeme por llegar tarde
I’m sorry. Can you repeat? Lo siento, ¿Puede repetir?
Accepting apologies / Aceptando disculpas
Don’t worry No se preocupe
It’s all right Está bien
It’s OK Está bien
No problem No hay problema
9
Inglés Básico
Example:
A: Excuse me for coming late Discúlpeme por llegar tarde
B: That’s OK Está bien
Expressions for asking permission / Expresiones para pedir permiso
Excuse me Disculpe
May I…? ¿Puedo yo? (Formal)
Can I…? ¿Puedo yo? (Informal)
Would you mind…? ¿Le importaría…?
Example:
Excuse me, May I come in? Disculpe, ¿Puedo entrar?
Excuse me, Can I go out? Disculpe, ¿Puedo salir?
Giving Permission / Concediendo Permiso
Yes, you may Sí, tu puedes
Yes, you can Sí, tu puedes
Of course! Por Supuesto
Sure Seguro
Example:
A: May I go out? ¿Puedo salir?
B: Yes, you may Sí, tú puedes
A: Thanks Gracias
10
Inglés Básico
Refusing Permission / Rechazando Permiso
You may/can not No puedes
I’m sorry, you may not Lo siento, no puedes
Of course not Por supuesto
Example:
A: May I use your pen? ¿Puedo utilizar tu bolígrafo?
B: I’m sorry, you may not. Lo siento, no puedes
Giving Thanks / Dar las gracias
Thank you Gracias (Formal)
Thanks Gracias (Informal)
Thanks a lot Muchas Gracias
Thank you very much Muchísimas gracias
Accepting Thanks / Agradeciendo
You’re welcome De nada
That’s OK Está bien
That’s all right Está bien
Don’t mention it No hay de que
Forget it! Olvidalo
Not at all! Por nada
11
Inglés Básico
Example:
A: Can you lend me your pencil? ¿Puedes prestarme tu lapiz?
B: Sure Seguro
A: Thank you very much Muchísimas gracias
B: You’re welcome De nada
Pronouns / Pronombres
Personal Pronouns(Pronombres Personales)
Possessives Adjectives(Adjetivos Posesivos)
Sin
gula
r
I Yo My Mi, mis
You Tú / Usted Your Su, sus
He El His Su, sus
She Ella Her Su, sus
It Eso (a) / Esto (a) Its Su, sus
Plu
ral
We Nosotros (as) Our Nuestro
You Ustedes Your Su, sus
They Elllos / Ellas Their Su, sus
El Pronombre Personal IT es utilizado sólo para animales o cosas en
singular, y en plural se utiliza el pronombre personal They que es usado para
personas, animales y cosas.
Las formas posesivas utilizadas como adjetivos siempre preceden al nombre
que modifican. Además como todos los adjetivos en Inglés, tienen la misma
forma en el singular y el plural.
12
Inglés Básico
Example:
This is my apartment Este es mi apartamento
Mary is in her house María está en su casa
John is in his car José está en su carro
Information Questions / Preguntas Informativas
Information Questions Answers / Respuestas
What´s (what is)
Your
His
her
Name?MyHisHer
name´s (name is)
Alice
Juan
Marlene
Vocabulary / Vocabulario
Circle Círculo
Complete Completar
Come Venir
Come in Entrar
Example Ejemplo
Exercise Ejercicio
Farewells Despedidas
Go Ir
Go out Salir
Greetings Saludos
Listen Escuchar
Miss. Señorita
13
Inglés Básico
Mrs. Señora
Mr. Señor
Speak Hablar
Point Señalar
Read Leer
Use Utilizar / Usar
Verbs Verbos
Write Escribir
Cardinal Numbers from 0 to 10 / Números cardinales de 0 a 10
0 Zero Cero
1 One Uno
2 Two Dos
3 Three Tres
4 Four Cuatro
5 Five Cinco
6 Six Seis
7 Seven Siete
8 Eight Ocho
9 Nine Nueve
10 Ten Diez
14
Inglés Básico
Exercise 1
Listen, read and practice / Escuche, lea y practique
Informal Greeting(Saludo Informal)
Formal Greeting(Saludo Formal)
Exercise 2
Written practice
Complete this dialogue. Use greeting and good bye expressions. Complete
este diálogo. Utilice expresiones de Saludos y Despedidas.
A: ___________________ evening, students.
B: Good ______________, teacher.
A: ___________________ are you?
B: Fine, _______________ and you?
A: ____________________ thank you.
B: Good _______________, students.
15
- Hi, I’m Marlene - Hi, Marlene. My name is Dellys
- Hello, Mr. López.- Hello, Mr. Rojas. How do you do?.
Inglés Básico
A: See ________ ________, teacher.
Exercise 3
Read and practice / Lea y Practique.
Formal introductionPresentación Formal
Informal introductionPresentación Informal
Exercise 4
Complete the conversation with greetings / Complete la conversación con
saludos.
Dellys: Alice
Alice: Dellys
16
- Mr. Lima this is Mr. Rojas.- Mr. Rojas this is Mr. Lima- How do you do Mr. Rojas?.- How do you do Mr. Lima?
- Martin, this is Marleny- Marleny, this is Martin.- Hi, Marleny. Nice to meet you.- Nice to meet you, too.
Inglés Básico
Exercise 5
Write a dialogue introducing someone / Escriba un dialogo presentando a
alguien.
Exercise 6
Write a dialogue greeting someone / Escriba un dialogo saludando a alguien.
17
Inglés Básico
Exercise 7
Read and practice / Lea y practique
Exercise 8Read and practice / Lea y practique
18
A. Excuse me. Can I use your pen?B. Sorry, you can’t
Pardon me! May I use your dictionary? Yes, you may.A. Thanks a lot
I’m sorryThat’s all right
Pardon meThat’s O.K.
Inglés Básico
Exercise 9
Read and practice. / Lea y practique
Exercise 10
Fill in the blanks with the possessive adjectives / Llene los espacios en
blanco con los posesivos adjetivos.
Example: Mary is in her room
Anibal is in __________ house
We are in __________ classroom
The children are in __________ School
Exercise 11
Complete the numbers. Complete los números
One, two, _________, _________, _________, six, _________, _________,
nine, _________.
19
- May I come in?- Yes, you may- Thanks
- Can I go out?- Yes, you can
Inglés Básico
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación
A. Greeting People / Saludando Personas
Complete the dialogue with the next expressions. Follow the example.
/ Complete el diálogo con las siguientes expresiones. Siga el ejemplo.
Expressions: Thanks – Hi! – Good Morning – Thank you – How are you?
Fine – I am very well
Example / Ejemplo:
RobertoHi
, Fidel.
FidelHello
, Roberto. How are you?Roberto: Fine, Thanks.
Dialogue 1
Aura:(a) , Mario
(b) ?
Mario:(c)
(d)
Dialogue 2
Dr. Castillo:(a)
Mr. Lima.
Mr. Lima:Good Morning
Dr. Castillo.(b) ?
Dr. Castillo:(c)
(d)
B. Underline the correct answer for each greeting / Subraye la respuesta
correcta para cada saludo.
20
Inglés Básico
Example:Hello, Simón
a) Thanks
b) Hi, Antonio
c) Thank you, and you
1) Good morning, Miss Castroa) Thank you
b) Good morning
c) Hello, Carlos
2) Hello Pedroa) Fine
b) Thanks
c) Hi, Lucy
3) Good morning, Mrs. Rojasa) Thank you
b) Good morning
c) Good morning Mrs. Rojas
4) Sorrya) Thanks
b) It’s O.K.
c) Nice to meet you
5) Forgive me!a) Glad to meet you
b) Thank you
c) It’s all right
21
Inglés Básico
6) I’m very sorry!a) That’s O.K.
b) Hello
c) Fine, thanks
C. Complete this dialogue with the greetings and farewell expressions.
/ Complete el diálogo con expresiones de saludos y despedidas.
A: Good (a) _______________Mr. Campos!
B: Good Afternoon Mr. Guzmán. (b) _______________?
A: I am very well, thank (c) _______________, and you?
B: I am (d) _______________, (e) _______________.
A: OK. See you (f) _______________
B: Good (g) _______________
D. Put in order the words below to make a question./ Coloque en orden las
palabras de abajo para hacer una pregunta.
Example:
I - in - go - can - ?Can I go in?
a) in - May - come - I - ?
_____________________________________________________________
b) Can - me - I - Excuse - use - book - your - ?
_____________________________________________________________
c) your - May - use - pencil - I - ?
_____________________________________________________________
E. Write the numbers from one to ten / Escriba los números del uno al diez._________, _________, _________, _________, _________, _________,
_________, _________, _________ .
22
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
A)
Dialogue 1
a) Hi / Hello
b) How are you
c) Fine
d) Thanks
Dialogue 2
a) Good Morning
b) How are you?
c) I am very well
d) Thank you
B) 1) b
2) c
3) b
4) b
5) c
6) a
C) a) Afternoon
b) How are you?
c) You
d) Fine / Very well / OK / Pretty Good
e) Thanks
f) Later
g) Bye
D) a) May I come in?
b) Excuse me Can I use your book?
c) May I use your pencil?
E) One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten
23
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
Write a ten (10) lines dialogue using the following expressions / Escriba un
diálogo de 10 líneas utilizando las siguientes expresiones.
- Greetings
- Introducing someone
- Accepting apologies
- Giving thanks
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24
Inglés Básico
Unidad II Verbo to Be (Presente
Simple)
Objetivo Terminal
Construir oraciones en Inglés, en forma oral y escrita utilizando el verbo
to be en presente simple.
Contenido
Uso del verbo to Be en presente simple
Elementos de la oración
Sujeto
Pronombres
Sustantivos
Artículos
Definidos (the)
Indefinidos (an, a)
Alfabeto en Inglés
Información de la unidad
El verbo To Be (ser o estar) se presenta en las oraciones de las siguientes
formas: am - are - is en tiempo presente.
El sujeto de la oración, tal como sucede en castellano es de quien se habla
en la oración.
El pronombre es el elemento de la oración que puede sustituir al nombre o
sustantivo.
El sustantivo es el elemento referido a personas, animales o cosas dentro de
la oración.
25
Inglés Básico
El adjetivo es el elemento que puede acompañar al sustantivo para
describirlo o asignarle una cualidad.
Examples:
I am a teacher. (Yo soy un profesor.)
You are a student. (Yo soy un estudiante.)
He is tall. (El es alto.)
She is beautiful. (Ella es bella.)
It is good. (Eso es bueno.)
We are in the living room. (Nosotros estamos en el recibo.)
You are from Caracas. (Tu eres de Caracas.)
They are players. (Ellos son jugadores.)
26
Inglés Básico
Grammar / Gramática
Personal Pronouns
Pronombres Personales
Verb To Be
Verbo Ser o Estar
Contraction
Contracciones
Sin
gula
r
I Am I’m
You Are You’re
He Is He’s
She Is She’s
It Is It’s
Plu
ral
We Are We’re
You Are You’re
They Are They’re
Nota: El apóstrofe(‘) se utiliza para la contracción de los pronombres con el
verbo to be, ejemplo: I am = I’m
Questions with the Verb To Be / Preguntas con el Verbo Ser o Estar
Yes, no questions (Preguntas Si / No)
Possible answers (Posibles Respuestas)
Are you a student?
Are you from Maracay?
Is Jane an artist?
Is Paul Tall?
Is the class interesting?
Are they friends?
Yes, I am
No, I’m not. I’m from Caracas.
Yes, she is
No, he isn’t
Yes, it is
No, they aren’t
27
Inglés Básico
Example:
Are you single?
Yes, I am or No I’m not.
Sentences Structure / Estructura de la Oración
I am a Student
(Pronoun)
Pronombre
(Verb)
Verbo
(Article)
Artículo
(Noun)
Sustantivo
I am from Brazil
(Pronoun)
Pronombre
(Verb)
Verbo
(Preposition)
Preposición
(Noun)
Sustantivo
She is beautiful
(Pronoun)
Pronombre
(Verb)
Verbo
(Adjective)
Adjetivo
Los sustantivos en inglés pueden ser masculinos, femeninos o neutros:
Son masculinos los nombres de varones y los de animales de sexo
masculino
Son femeninos los nombres de mujeres y los de animales de sexo
femenino
Son neutros los nombres de objetos inanimados
El género de los sustantivos no afecta ni al artículo ni al adjetivo que los
acompañan, ya que estos no varían de forma. Por ejemplo:
The red car El carro rojo
The red cars Los carros rojos
28
Inglés Básico
Pero en cambio, si hay que tener en cuenta el género del sustantivo a la hora
de sustituirlo por un pronombre personal:
The boy is here He is here El niño está aquí Él está aquí.
The car is big It is big El carro es grande Este es grande
El plural de los sustantivos se forma añadiendo "s" a la forma singular:
Cat – Cats Gato – Gatos
Dog – Dogs Perro – Perros
Pero si el sustantivo finaliza en "o", "ch", "sh", "ss", "x", para formar el plural
hay que añadir "-es":
Box – Boxes Caja – Cajas
Potato – Potatoes Papa – Papas
Y si finaliza por "y", tras una consonante, el plural se forma eliminando esta
"y" y añadiendo la terminación "-ies":
Copy – Copies Copia – Copias
Lady – Ladies Dama – Damas
Cuando el sustantivo termina en “-f” o “-fe”, el plural se forma eliminando
estas y añadiendo la terminación “ves”
Wife – Wives Esposa – Esposas
Wolf – Wolves Lobo – Lobos
29
Inglés Básico
Algunas palabras en inglés tan sólo tienen la forma plural:
Pants Pantalones
Scissors Tijeras
Glasses Lentes
Otras, en cambio, tan sólo tienen forma singular:
Beauty Belleza
Oil Petróleo
Gold Oro
Fish Pescado
Existen también algunos plurales que son irregulares. A continuación se
listan algunos de ellos:
Man – Men Hombre – Hombres
Woman – Women Mujer – Mujeres
Tooth – Teeth Diente – Dientes
Foot – Feet Pie – Pies
Mouse – Mice Ratón – Ratones
Child – Children Niño – Niños
Goose – Geese Ganso – Gansos
Articles / Artículos
Definite Article / Artículo Definido
En inglés se utiliza el Artículo The como el equivalente en español de “El, la,
los, las” para personas o cosas específicas. Por ejemplo:
Ana is the teacher in that school Ana es la profesora en esa escuela
30
Inglés Básico
Indefinite Article
El artículo indefinido en Inglés está representado por “a” o “an”, ambas
significan en castellano “un, una” para personas o cosas en general.
Se utiliza “a” antes de un sustantivo que inicie en consonante. Por ejemplo:
Ana is a teacher Ana es una profesora
Se utiliza “an” antes de un sustantivo que inicie con una vocal o una letra
con sonido semivocálico. Por ejemplo:
Jose is an engineer José es un ingeniero
The Alphabet / El Alfabeto
Capital Letters and Small Letters / Letras Mayúsculas y Letras Minúsculas
A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I i J j
K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t
U u V v W w X x Y y Z z
31
Inglés Básico
EXERCISES / EJERCICIOS
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences with the Verb To Be in Simple Present. Complete las
oraciones con el Verbo Ser o Estar en Presente Simple.
Example:
Rosita is _______is_________ an excellent engineer.
1. Fernando and Isabel ________________ doctors. They
________________ from Venezuela.
2. Caracas ________________ a big City
3. Pedro and I ________________ Venezuelans
4. John ________________ a good student
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences using the personal pronouns. Complete las
oraciones utilizando los pronombres personales.
Example:
(Maria) __She__ is a beautiful girl
1. (Rose and Helen) ________________ are good friends
2. (The Dog) ________________ is a nice animal
3. (Mary and I) ________________ are neighbors
4. (Juan) ________________ is my friend
Exercise 3
Complete the sentences. Use the Definite or Indefinite article. Complete las
oraciones. Utilice el Artículo Definido o Indefinido.
32
Inglés Básico
Example:
Jane is __a__ nurse
1. ________________ Supervisor is Pedro Diaz.
2. Peter is ________________ Doctor at the Central Hospital.
3. ________________ Secretaries in my company are beautiful.
4. He’s a teacher. He’s ________________ man.
5. John is ________________ actor.
6. John is from ________________ United States
7. Alfred is ________________ engineer
Exercise 4
Practice the alphabet orally. Practique el alfabeto de forma oral.
a b c d e f
g h i j k l
m n o p q r
s t u v w x
y z
33
Inglés Básico
Exercise 5
Practice the dialogue. Practique el dialogo.
A. What’s your name, please?
B. Pedro Yanez
A. Can you spell your name?
B. Y - a - n - e - z
A. And your first name?
B. P - e - d - r - o
Exercise 6
Practice the dialogue. Practique el dialogo.
A. What’s your name, please?
B. José Tovar
A. T - o - v - a - r ?
B. Yes, That’s right
34
Inglés Básico
Vocabulary / Vocabulario
AdjectivesBadBeautifulBigDoctorEngineerFatGoodMarriedLast nameNameNurseOccupationsOf CourseSecond nameSecretaryShortSingleSmallStudentTallTeacherThinUgly
AdjetivosMalo (a)Hermoso (a)GrandeDoctor (a)Ingeniero (a)Gordo (a)Bueno (a)Casado (a)ApellidoEnfermeroNombreOcupacionesPor supuestoSegundo nombreSecretaria (o)Bajo (a)Soltero (a)Pequeño (a)EstudianteAlto (a)Profesor(a)Delgado (a)Feo (a)
Cardinal Numbers from 11 to 20 / Números cardinales de 11 a 20
11 Eleven Once
12 Twelve Doce
13 Thirteen Trece
14 Fourteen Catorce
15 Fifteen Quince
16 Sixteen Dieciseis
17 Seventeen Diecisiete
18 Eighteen Dieciocho
19 Nineteen Diecinueve
20 Twenty Veinte
35
Inglés Básico
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación
A. Ask and answer. Follow the example / Pregunte y responda. Siga el
ejemplo.
Example:(Peter / tall) Is Peter tall?
Yes, he is
1. (Lucia / beautiful ?
Yes,
2. (Cindy and John / young) ?
No,
3. (Joseph / tall ) ?
No,
4. (You and I / friends) ?
Yes,
B. Complete the dialogue. Use the correct form of the Verb to Be and the
personal pronoun where necessary. Complete el dialogo. Utilice la forma
correcta del Verbo ser o estar y el Pronombre personal donde sea
necesario.
Example:
Mr. Lares isn’t a bad singer
He’s a good singer
Alex: Hello, Is this the English Language school?
Betty: Yes, ____________________. May I help you?
Alex: I like some, information about your program, please
Betty: Of course
36
Inglés Básico
Alex: ____________________ the class small?
Betty: No, ____________________. We are about 25 people in class
Alex: ____________________ the teachers experienced?
Betty: Yes, ____________________. They are excellent teachers
Alex: Thank you very much
37
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
A.
1. Is Lucia beautiful? Yes, she is
2. Are Cindy and John young? No, they aren’t
3. Is Joseph tall? No, he isn’t
4. Are we friends? Yes, we are
B.
Betty: It is (it’s)Alex: isBetty: We aren’tAlex: AreBetty: They are
38
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
Write a paragraph and describe some members of your neighborhood.
Escriba un párrafo y describa algunos miembros de su vecindario.
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Unidad III Estructuras que expresan existencia y cantidad
Objetivo Terminal
Expresar en inglés, de forma oral y escrita, estructuras que indiquen
existencia y cantidad en tiempo presente.
39
Inglés Básico
Contenido
Uso del there is, there are
Estructuras interrogativas
Estructuras afirmativas
Estructuras negativas
Respuestas cortas y largas
Uso del how many, how much
Adverbios de cantidad
Contables
No contables
Preposiciones
Información de la unidad
En inglés existen formas de decir hay, estas son: there is y there are.
There is se usa cuando queremos expresar la existencia de una sola
persona, animal o cosa, es decir en singular, por Ejemplo:
There is a book on the table (Hay un libro sobre la mesa).
There are se utiliza cuando se desea expresar la existencia de más de una
persona, animal o cosa, es decir, en plural, por ejemplo:
There are three pencils on the desk (Hay tres lápices sobre el escritorio).
Para preguntar acerca de cantidades y valor se utilizan las estructuras de
How many y How much. How much es utilizado para determinar la
cantidad en singular de cosas que no pueden ser contadas como el agua, el
40
Inglés Básico
aire, la comida e igualmente para preguntar por el precio o costo de algo, por
ejemplo:
How much water is there in the glass? (¿Cuánta agua hay en el vaso?)
How much is this cheese sandwich? (¿Cuánto es este sándwich de queso?)
How many es utilizado para preguntar por cantidades en plural (personas,
animales, cosas), por ejemplo:
How many chairs are there in the classroom? (¿Cuántas sillas hay en el
salón de clase?)
41
Inglés Básico
Grammar / Gramática
There is / There are
Singular Plural
Affirmative There is There are
Negative There isn’t There aren’t
Interrogative Is there? Are there?
Short Answers Yes, There isNo, There isn’t
Yes, there areNo, there aren’t
Countable Nouns (contables) Uncountable Nouns (no contables)
Singular Plural cream
a tomato Tomatoes sugar
a can of soup cans of soup coffee
a chair Chairs water
one book Books Juice
Some / any
Countable Nouns
Sustantivos Contables
Uncountable Nouns
Sustantivos Incontables
Affirmative There are some lemons. There’s some orange juice.
Negative There aren’t any eggs. There isn’t any chicken.
Interrogative Are there any sandwiches? Is there any milk?
How much? / How many?
Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns
How many apples are there on the
table?
How much sugar is there in the
cup?
42
Inglés Básico
Prepositions / Preposiciones
in on at
(en, dentro de) (en, sobre de) (en, a un lado de)
Examples:
- The students are in the classroom.
- The book is on the table.
- The man is at the door.
Preparing food / Preparando comida
Exercise 1Read and practice the conversation. Lea y practique la conversación
Marlene: OK. We need two hundred grams of flour
Alice: Yes. There’s some flour in the cupboard
Marlene: Are there any eggs?
Alice: Yes. I think there are three eggs in the fridge
Marlene: Are there any lemons there, too?
Alice: There aren’t any lemons. Oh, sorry, there is one
Marlene. OK. There’s some milk and some butter in the fridge too
43
Inglés Básico
Alice: Right. Oh no! There isn’t any sugar!
Marlene: Yes, there is. It’s on the table.
Exercise 2
Look at the picture above and make ten negative and affirmative sentences
about it. Vea la figura de abajo y haga diez oraciones negativas y afirmativas
acerca de ella.
Example: There’s some milk.
There isn’t any coffee
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
44
Inglés Básico
Exercise 3
Write There’s or There are. Escriba There’s o There are
Example:
There are two knives in the kitchen.
1- a new camera on the table.
2- a big clock on the wall.
3- two oranges in the box.
4- five CDs in the CD player.
5- two telephones on the desk.
6- six people in the family.
7- a big television in the room.
8- two suitcases on the floor.
9- three books on the shelf.
Exercise 4
Look at the picture, then answer the question. Vea la foto, luego responda a
las preguntas.
45
Inglés Básico
What is there in the picture?
Example: There is a digital camera in the picture.
There are books in the picture.
1-
2-
3-
4-
Exercise 5
Look at the picture, and then write a list of the things in it. Vea la foto, luego
escriba una lista de cosas en ella.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
46
Inglés Básico
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Exercise 6
Ask and answer the questions: Is there…? / Are there…?. (Use the list from
exercise 5). Pregunte y responda a las preguntas Is there…? / Are there…?.
(Utilice la lista del ejercicio 5)
Example: Is there a computer on your list?
Yes, there is a computer on my list.
No, there isn’t a computer on my list.
Continue with the rest of the things / Continúe con el resto de las cosas.
47
Inglés Básico
Exercise Nº 7
Answer these questions, affirmative or negative. Responda a las preguntas
afirmativa o negativamente
Example: Is there a cow in the classroom?
Yes, There is a cow in the classroom
No, there isn’t a cow in the classroom
1. Are there three doors in the house? ________________________
2. Are there secretaries in that office? ________________________
3. Is there a boy in your house? ________________________
4. Is there any milk in the refrigerator? ________________________
5. Are there any lemons in the fridge? ________________________
6. Are there any sandwiches on the table?________________________
7. Is there any flour on the table? ________________________
8. Is there a lemon in the fridge? ________________________
9. Are there any horses in your house? ________________________
Exercise 8
Complete with: How much or How many. Complete con Cuanto o Cuántos.
Example: How much sugar is there in your coffee?
1milk is there in the glass?
2cars are there in the garage?
3men are there in your house?
4money is there in your pocket?
48
Inglés Básico
Exercise 9
Answer the following questions. Responda a las siguientes preguntas.
Example: How many people are there in your family?
There are five people in my family
1. How much sugar is there in your coffee?
___________________________________________________________
2. How many bathrooms are there in your house?
___________________________________________________________
3. How much coffee is there in your cup?
___________________________________________________________
4. How many children are there in that school?
___________________________________________________________
49
Inglés Básico
Vocabulary / Vocabulario
AnyAppleAtBathroomBigBlack beansBookBoxBreadBreakfastBunch of grapesButterCameraCanCarrotCDCD playerChairChickenClockCoffeeCreamCupCupboardDeskDinnerDishEggFamilyFloorFlourFridgeFried bananaFruitGlassesGramsHouseHow much?InJuiceKitchenKnifeLemon
Ninguno (a), ningunos (as)ManzanaEnBañoGrandeCaraotasLibroCajaPanDesayunoRacimo de uvasMantequillaCámaraLataZanahoriaDisco CompactoEquipo de sonido con CDSillaPolloReloj de paredCaféCremaTazaGabineteEscritorioCenaPlatoHuevoFamiliaPisoHarinaRefrigeradorTajadaFrutaLentes, espejuelosGramosCasaCuánto? Cuánta?En, dentro deJugoCocinaCuchilloLimón
50
Inglés Básico
LunchMeatMicrowaveMilkMushroomNotebookOfficeOnOrangeOrange juicePapayaPeoplePicturePlatePotatoRiceSaladSandwichSchoolScramble eggsShelfSomeSoupSpoonSugarSuitcaseTableTelephoneTelevisionTomatoWater
AlmuerzoCarneMicroondasLecheChampiñones, hongosCuadernoOficinaSobre deNaranjaJugo de naranjaLechosaGente, personas, poblaciónCuadro, fotoPlatoPapaArrozEnsaladaEmparedadoEscuelaHuevos revueltosEstanteAlguno (a), algunos (a)SopaCucharillaAzúcarMaletaMesaTeléfonoTelevisiónTomateAgua
51
Inglés Básico
Numbers / Números
ThirtyFortyFiftySixtySeventyEightyNinetyOne HundredOne ThousandTen ThousandOne Hundred ThousandOne Million
TreintaCuarentaCincuentaSesentaSetentaOchentaNoventaCienMilDiez MilCien MilUn Millón
52
Inglés Básico
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación
A. Look at the picture and write three questions / Vea la foto y escriba tres preguntas
Breakfast / Desayuno
Example : Is there any glass on the table?
1.
2.
3.
B. Look at the picture and answer the following questions / Vea la foto y responda a las siguientes preguntas.
Lunch / Almuerzo
53
Inglés Básico
Example: Is there any fruit on the table?
No, there isn’t any fruit on the table
1. Is there any papaya juice for lunch?
________________________________________________________
2. Is there any chicken on the plate?
________________________________________________________
3. Is there any salad on the plate?
________________________________________________________
4. Are there any black beans on the plate?
________________________________________________________
5. Is there any lettuce on the plate?
________________________________________________________
6. Are there any potatoes on the plate?
________________________________________________________
7. Is there any carrot on the plate?
________________________________________________________
8. Is there any bread on the plate?
________________________________________________________
9. Is there any corn flakes for lunch?
________________________________________________________
C. Look at the picture and answer the questions / Vea la foto y responda las
siguientes preguntas.
54
Inglés Básico
Example: How much bread is there in the picture?
There’s some bread in the picture
1. How much cheese is there in the picture?
________________________________________________________
2. How many tomatoes are there in the picture?
________________________________________________________
3. How much meat is there in the picture?
________________________________________________________
4. How many potatoes are there in the picture?
________________________________________________________
55
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
A. 1- Is there any juice on the table?
2- Are there any cookies on the table?
3- Is there any dish on the table?
B. 1- No, there isn’t any papaya juice for lunch.
2- Yes, there is some chicken on the plate.
3- Yes, there is some salad on the plate.
4- No, there aren’t any black beans on the plate.
5- Yes, there is some lettuce on the plate.
6- Yes, there are some potatoes on the plate.
7- Yes, there is some carrot on the plate.
8- No, there isn’t any bread on the plate.
9- No, there isn’t any corn flake for lunch.
C. 1- There is a piece of cheese in the picture.
2- There are three potatoes in the picture.
3- There is some meat on the table.
4- There are two tomatoes in the picture.
56
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
Write 15 negative and affirmative sentences about The Vacation Hotel. Use
there is - there isn’t, there are - there aren’t.
(Escriba 15 oraciones negativas y afirmativas acerca del Hotel de
Vacaciones. Utilice there is - there isn’t, there are - there aren’t.)
The Vacation Hotel
In each room: At the hotel:
- Bathroom - Two restaurants
- Two beds - Four tennis court
- A television - Two parking lots
- Air conditioner
Other facilities / Otras Comodidades
- A radio
- Refrigerator
- Cellular phone
- CD Player and VCR
- Swimming pool
- Gift shops
- Golf fields
- Beach
-Bank
57
Inglés Básico
Unidad IV Descripción de personas, cosas
y lugares
Objetivo Terminal
Describir en el idioma Inglés personas, cosas y lugares en forma oral y
escrita.
Contenido
Descripción de la casa, el salón de clases, oficina, lugares, personas.
Identificación de países, nacionalidades, idiomas.
Relaciones familiares.
Posesivos (‘s).
Preguntas de información.
Días de la semana, meses.
Información de la unidad
En el idioma Inglés usamos adjetivos para dscribir personas, animals y
cosas, ejemplo:
Big (grande)
Tall (alto)
Blue ( azul)
A diferencia del español, los adjetivos va ubicados antes del sustantivo,
ejemplo:
This is a beautiful house. (Esta es una casa bella.)
56
Inglés Básico
También pueden ir ubicados después del verbo, al final de una oración,
ejemplo:
María is intelligent. (María es inteligente.)
Para indagar la procedencia de las personas se pregunta Where are you
from? (¿De donde eres?) es muy importante que se use la preposición from
en es6a presgunta, ya que su omisión cambiaría totalmente el significado de
la misma. Ejemplo:
Where are you? ( Donde estas?)
Where are you from? (¿De donde eres?)
El posesivo (‘s) es usado para indicar pertenencia, este se agrega al
sustantivo, ejemplo:
Miriam’s car. (El carro de Miriam)
Podemos observar mediante el ejemplo que el sustantivo va en primer lugar
y lo que se posee en segundo lugar. Es importante no confundir el posesivo
(‘s) con la contracción del verbo to be, ejemplo:
Miriam’s a student. ( Miriam es una estudiante.
Miriam’s students (Los estudiantes de Miriam)
Por otra parte si el sustantivo termina en “s” solo agregamos el apóstrofe (‘s),
ejemplo:
Luis’ dog. (El perro de Luis.)
The students’ classrrom. (El salón de clase de los estudiantes.)
57
Inglés Básico
Existen en Inglés las llamadas preguntas de información, que se usan para
obtener una información determinada, ejemplo:
a) What is your name? (¿Cuál es tu nombre?)
Josefina.
b) How are you? (¿Como estás?)
Fine.
58
Inglés Básico
Grammar / Gramática
Adjectives / Adjetivos
Questions / Preguntas
What‘sis
itLike?
are they
Answers / Respuestas
It ‘sis
beautifulbigfastbluenew
They ‘reare
Ejemplo:
It’s big. (Esto es grande.)
It’s a big car. (Este es un carro grande.)
They’re big. (Ellos son grandes.)
They’re big cars. (Ellos son carros grandes.)
Nota: Observe que los adjetivos en Inglés no tienen formas plurales.
Questions / Preguntas
What coloris it?are they?
Answers / Respuestas
It ‘sis
red, yellow, green, etc.They ‘re
are
59
Inglés Básico
Questions / Preguntas
What kindis it?are they?
Answers / Respuestas
It ‘s a CorvetteThey ‘re Corvettes
Country / País Nationality / Nacionalidad
Language / Idioma
VenezuelaColombiaBrazilCubaPortugalEnglandThe United States
VenezuelanColombianBrazilianCubanPortugueseBritishAmerican
SpanishSpanishPortugueseSpanishPortugueseEnglishEnglish
Adjectives / Adjetivos
Colors / Colores
WhiteBlackOrangeGreenYellowGrayRedPinkBlueGoldSilverPurpleBrown
BlancoNegroAnaranjadoVerdeAmarilloGrisRojoRosadoAzulDoradoPlateadoMoradoMarrón
60
Inglés Básico
Other adjectives / Otros adjetivos
ShortLongHighBeautifulUglyFastNewOld
Bajo / cortoLargoAltoBelloFeoRápidoNuevoviejo
Parts of a house / Partes de una casa
BedroomLiving roomBathroomKitchenDinning room
HabitaciónSala o reciboBañoCocinaComedor
Classroom / Salón de clases
StudentsBoardDeskTeacherMarkerEraserBookNotebookWorkbookFilePaperDictionaryPencilPenAir conditioner
EstudiantesPizarraEscritorioProfesorMarcadorBorradorLibroCuadernoLlibro de tareaCarpetaPapelDicionarioLápizBolígrafoAcondicionador de aire
61
Inglés Básico
Possesives / Posesivos
Peter’s family
This is Peter’s family. José is his grandfather. Cristina is his grandmother.
Ana is his aunt and Robert is his uncle. Robert is Ana’s husband. Ana is
Robert’s wife. Patty is Robert and Ana’s daughter. She is Peter’s cousin.
David and Miriam are his parents. David is his father and Miriam is his
mother. Carlos is Peter’s brother and Kelly is his sister.
Nota: ver significado de las palabras subrayadas en el vocabulario.
Questions words / Palabras interrogativas
What (¿Qué o cual?) What’s your name? My name is Miriam.
62
José & Cristina
AnaRobert MiriamDavid
Carlos Peter KellyPatty
Inglés Básico
When (¿Cuándo?) When’s your birthday? My birthday is in July.
Where (¿Dónde?) Where are you? I’m at home.
Who (¿Quién?) Who is your mother? Cristina.
How (¿Cómo?) How are you? Fine, thanks
Days of the week / Días de la semana
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Domingo
Lunes
Martes
Miércoles
Jueves
Viernes
Sábado
Months of the year / Meses del año
63
Inglés Básico
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Enero
Febrero
Marzo
Abril
Mayo
Junio
Julio
Agosto
Septiembre
Octubre
Noviembre
Diciembre
Exercise 1
Write a short paragraph about your house.
64
Inglés Básico
Example: My house is big. It′s a beautiful house. There are 3 bedrooms. They
are big. The kitchen is small. There are 7 chairs in the living room.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Exercise 2
Read the following paragraph and identify the adjectives that describe the
office and the classroom.
1. Our office is big. There are four small desks and two chairs. There′s a
computer and 1 file, the file is brown. There are two pictures. They are
very beautiful.
2. How is your classroom? (Describe your classroom).
Exercise 3
Practice the dialogues
65
Inglés Básico
1) A: Where are you from?
B: I′m from India, and you?
A: I′m from Venezuela
2) A: Where is Nancy from?
B: She’s from Canada.
3) A: Laura, where are you and Ricardo from?
B: We′re from Cuba
A: Oh, Are you from la Habana?
B: Yes, we are
A: And the Garcías?.
B: They′re from Mexico.
Exercise 4
Read and answer the questions / Lea y responda las preguntas.
Vancouver is a city in Canada. It′s on the pacific Ocean. The city is wonderful.
It′s clean. Almost three quarters of the population are of British ancestry.
Other ethnic groups are east Indians. The food in Vancouver is varied and
delicious. It′s a nice place for a vacation.
1. Where is Vancouver?
________________________________________________________
2. Is Canada a city?
________________________________________________________
3. Is Vancouver on the Atlantic Ocean?
________________________________________________________
4. Is Vancouver a wonderful city?
________________________________________________________
Exercise 5
Write your family’s names. (Escribe los nombres de tu familia.)
66
Inglés Básico
Grandmother __________________
Grandfather __________________
Father __________________
Mother __________________
Brother __________________
Sister __________________
Daughter __________________
Aunt __________________
Niece __________________
Nephew __________________
Uncle __________________
Exercise 6
Underline the possessives in the following sentences.
Example:
Pedro’s mother is a writer.
1. Pedro is with his dog.
2. The dogs’ food is on the table.
3. The dogs are in the garage.
4. Mary’s twenty years old.
5. The girls’ cousin are Fred and Tom.
6. The girls are dancing.
Vocabulary / Vocabulario
67
Inglés Básico
MeetingCountrySeatAvenueStreetPartyBirthdayPhoneCityAncestryPlaceAppointmentHusbandWifeSonDaughterBrotherSisterGrandfatherGrandmotherUncleAuntCousinNieceNephew
ReuniónPaís/campoAsientoAvenidaCalleFiestaCumpleañosTeléfonoCiudadAncestroLugarCitaEsposoEsposaHijoHijaHermanoHermanaAbueloAbuelaTíoTíaPrimoSobrinaSobrino
Ordinal numbers
1st.
2nd.
3rd.
4th.
5th.
6th.
7th.
8th.
9th.
10th.
First (primero)
Second (segundo)
Third (tercero)
Fourth (cuarto)
Fifth (quinto)
Sixth (sexto)
Seventh (séptimo)
Eighth (octavo)
Ninth (noveno)
Tenth (décimo)
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación
68
Inglés Básico
Part I
Complete the sentences using the vocabulary about months and days of the
week. (Complete las oraciones usando el vocabulario de meses y días de la
semana.)
Example:
The first day of the week is Monday.
1. ____________ is after March.
2. ____________ is the month with less days.
3. In __________ we celebrate Christmas.
4. ____________ and ____________ are the days of the weekend.
Part II
Complete the following sentences. (Complete las siguientes orcaiones.)
Example:
My brother’s mother is my uncle.
1. My mother’s father is my _______________
2. My father’s brother is my _______________
3. My aunt’s daughter are my _______________
4. My father and mother are my _______________
Part III
69
Inglés Básico
Complete these sentences with the correct word. Use the words in the box
below. (Complete estas oraciones con la palabra correcta. Use las palabras
que se encuentran en el recuadro de abajo.)
Example:
Hugo is from Venezuela. His language is Spanish.
Brazil – Spanish – Japan – Mexico – Venezuelan – England – Japanese
1. Sussy’s language is English. She is from ___________________
2. Yokosuna is from ___________________
3. Hideo Nomo’s language is ___________________
4. Joao is from ____________. His language is Portuguese.
Part IV
Complete the sentences with the possessive (‘s). Use the noun in
parenthesis. (Complete las oraciones con el posesivo. Use el sustantivo en
paréntesis.)
Example:
Miriam’s students are intelligents. (Miriam)
1. _____________ car is beautiful. (My father)
2. _____________ house is big. (Julio)
3. _____________ friends are nice (The boys)
4. _____________ birthday is tomorrow (Luis)
5. _____________ plate is clean (The dogs)
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
70
Inglés Básico
Part I
1. April
2. February
3. December
4. Saturday – Sunday
Part II
1. Mother
2. Grandfather
3. Uncle
4. Cousins
5. Parents
Part III
1. England
2. Japan
3. Japanese
4. Brazil
Part IV
1. My father’s
2. Julio’s
3. The boys’
4. Luis’
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
71
Inglés Básico
1. Describe a classroom. Use adjectives. (Describe un salón de clases.
Use adjetivos.)
2. Describe your house. (Describe tu casa)
72
Inglés Básico
Unidad V Presente Continuo
Objetivo Terminal
Construir oraciones en inglés, en forma oral y escrita, utilizando el
presente continuo.
Contenido
Uso del Tiempo Presente Continuo
Estructuras afirmativas
Estructuras negativas
Estructuras interrogativas
Respuestas Cortas Afirmativas y Negativas
Respuestas Largas Afirmativas y negativas
La hora
Información de la Unidad
El presente continuo se forma con el verbo to be + el presente participio del
verbo principal de la oración (verbo + ing). El Presente Participio también es
llamado gerundio (ing). El “-ing” se forma agregando la partícula ing en la
terminación de cada verbo. El gerundio en Castellano equivale a la
terminación “-endo”, “-ando.
Ejemplo:
Work / Working (Trabajar / Trabajando)
Read / Reading (Leer / Leyendo)
73
Inglés Básico
Cuando queremos preguntar la hora en Inglés, podemos utilizar las
siguientes preguntas:
- What time is it?
- What’s the time?
Y para responder a estas dos preguntas utilizamos la expresión:
- It’s one o’clock. ( 01:00 )
- It’s a quarter to five. ( 04:45 )
Cuando es la hora y media, se dice:
- It’s half past four. ( 04:45 )
- It’s half after four. ( 04:30 )
- It’s four thirty. ( 04:30 )
Cuando faltan 15 minutos para la hora, se dice:
- It’s a quarter to five. ( 04:45 )
- It’s fifteen minutes to five. ( 04:45 )
- It’s four forty five. ( 04:45 )
Cuando faltan minutos para la hora, se dice:
- It’s twenty to five. ( 4:40 )
- It’s four forty. ( 4:40 )
- It’s ten to five. ( 4:50 )
Otras:
- It’s ten past three. ( 03:10 )
- It’s ten after three. ( 03:10 )
- It’s twenty past four. ( 04:20 )
- It’s four twenty. ( 04:20 )
74
Inglés Básico
75
Inglés Básico
GRAMMAR
Present Continuos Tense / Presente Continuo
Afirmative Structures / Estructuras Afirmativas
Subject + To Be + Verb (-ing)(Am, are, is)
Examples / Ejemplos:
Subject(Sujeto)
Verb To Be(Verbo ser o estar)
Gerund (Gerundio)
Complement(Complemento)
I am reading a bookPeter is watching T.V.We are having lunch
Negative Structures / Estructuras Negativas
Subject + To Be + Not + Verb (-ing) (Am, are, is)
Examples / Ejemplos:
Subject Verb To Be Negative(Negación)
Gerund Complement
I am not reading a bookPeter isn’t watching T.V.We aren’t having lunch
Interrogative Structures / Estructuras Interrogativas
To Be + Subject + Verb (-ing) + Complement + ?(Am, are, is)
76
Inglés Básico
Examples / Ejemplos:
Verb To BeVerbo Ser o
EstarSubjectSujeto
Gerund Gerundio
ComplementComplemento
?
Are you reading a book ?Is Peter watching T.V. ?
Are we having lunch ?
Affirmative Short Answers / Respuestas Cortas Afirmativas
Yes, + Subject + To Be (Am, are, is)
Examples / Ejemplos:
AffirmativeAfirmación
SubjectSujeto
Verb To BeVerbo Ser o
EstarYes, I amYes, He isYes, We are
Negative Short Answers / Respuestas Cortas Afirmativas
No, + Subject + To Be + not(Am, are, is)
Examples / Ejemplos:
AffirmativeAfirmación
SubjectSujeto
Verb To BeVerbo Ser o
EstarNo, I am notNo, He isn’tNo, We aren’t
77
Inglés Básico
Information Questions / Preguntas Informativas
Wh- Question + To Be + Subject + Verb (-ing) + ? (Am, are, is)
Examples / Ejemplos:
Wh-QuestionPregunta Wh-
Verb To BeVerbo Ser o
EstarSubjectSujeto
Gerund Gerundio
?
What Are you reading ?Where Is Peter playing ?When am I leaving ?
Examples / Ejemplos
I am studying at INCE. (Estoy estudiando en el INCE)
My father is working now. (Mi padre está trabajando ahora)
We are speaking English in class. (Estamos hablando Inglés en
clase)
El gerundio es formado añadiendo la terminación "-ing" al infinitivo:
To listen (escuchar) listening
To hear (oir) hearing
Si el verbo finaliza con una única "e", esta letra desaparece delante
de "-ing":
To come (venir) coming
To write (escribir) writing
Si el verbo tiene una sola sílaba, y ésta tiene una única vocal y
finaliza en una única consonante, entonces esta consonante final se
dobla:
To cut (cortar) cutting
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Inglés Básico
To sit (sentarse) sitting
Si el verbo tiene dos o más silabas, con el acento sobre la última, y
ésta última sílaba contiene una sola vocal y finaliza en una única
consonante, entonces esta consonante final también se dobla:
To admit (admitir) admitting
To begin (empezar) beginning
Si el verbo termina por la consonante "l" detrás de una única vocal,
esta consonante "l" se dobla:
To cancel (cancelar) cancelling
To impel (impulsar) impelling
Si el verbo finaliza en "y", esta letra se mantiene y se le añade la
terminación "-ing":
To study (estudiar) studying
To try (intentar) trying
Read and practice these dialogues (Lea y practique estos diálogos)
Are the children reading a book? (¿Están los niños leyendo un libro?)
Yes, they are reading a book. (Si, ellos están leyendo un libro)
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Inglés Básico
Is Juan working or playing? (¿Está Juan trabajando o jugando?)
He is working. (El está trabajando)
Is Juan closing the door? (¿Esta Juan cerrando la puerta?)
No, he isn’t. He’s fixing the door. (No, el no. El está reparando la puerta)
Where are Peter and Fred walking? (¿Donde están caminando Peter y
Fred?)
They’re walking in the streets. (Ellos están caminando en las calles)
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Inglés Básico
What’s Luis doing? (¿Que está haciendo Luis?)
He’s cooking. (El está cocinando)
What’s he cooking? (¿Que está cocinando?)
He’s cooking a barbecue. (El está cocinando una parrilla)
- Anna: What’s your teacher doing? (¿Que está haciendo el profesor?)
- Freddy: He’s talking to the students. (El está hablando a los estudiantes)
- Mary: What’s your brother studying? (¿Qué está estudiando tu hermano?)
- Paul: He’s studying mathematics. (El está estudiando matemáticas)
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Inglés Básico
Read and practice / Lea y Practique
- Is Mary speaking with Ann?
Yes, She is.
- Are you writing?
Yes, I am.
- Is the man wearing jeans?
Yes, he is.
- Are you listening to the teacher?
No, I am not.
- Is Robert drinking juice?
No, he isn’t.
Read and practice / Lea y Practique
- Are you working in the school?
Yes, I am working in the school.
- Is Luisa answering the questions?
Yes, she is answering the questions.
- Are you eating a sandwich?
No, we aren’t eating a sandwich
- Is Helen listening to music?
No, she isn’t listening to music.
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Inglés Básico
Exercises
a. Answer in affirmative form
Example:
Is the man writing?
Yes, he is writing
1. Are the children playing trompo?
2. Are you coming to class?
3. Is she playing tennis?
b. Answer in negative form
Example:
Is he going home?
No, he isn’t going home
1. Is the teacher writing on the board?
2. Are they listening to the radio?
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Inglés Básico
3. Are you speaking French?
c. Answer according with the word in parenthesis
Example
What’s the girl drinking? (Milk)
She’s drinking milk
1. What are the children flying? (Kite)
_____________________________________________________________
2. What are you studying now? (English)
_____________________________________________________________
3. What is she playing? (Volleyball)
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Inglés Básico
Vocabulary / Vocabulario
VERBS ( Infinitive) GERUND
(Verbos en Infinitivo) (Gerundio)
to answer responder answering Respondiendo
to close cerrar closing Cerrando
to come venir Coming Viniendo
to do hacer Doing Haciendo
to drink tomar, beber drinking Tomando, bebiendo
to eat comer Eating Comiendo
to fix reparar Fixing Reparando
to fly volar Flying Volando
to go ir Going Iendo
to open abrir Opening Abriendo
to play jugar Playing Jugando
to ride montar Riding Montando
to sit down sentarse Sitting down Sentándose
to speak hablar Speaking Hablando
to stand up pararse Standing up Parándose
to study estudiar Studying Estudiando
to walk caminar Walking Caminando
to watch ver, observar Watching Observando
to wear llevar puesto Wearing Vistiendo
to work trabajar Working Trabajando
to write escribir Writing Escribiendo
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Inglés Básico
NOUNS OR SUSTANTIVES (Nombres o sustantivos)
Board Pizarrón
Child Niño
Children Niños
Class Clase
Example Example
Exercise Exercise
Father Padre
Garage Garage
Garden Jardín
Gerund Gerundio
Girl Muchacha
Home Hogar
Jeans Pantalón de Jean
Kite Papagayo
Lesson Lección
Man Hombre
Mango Mango
Men Hombres
Mother Madre
Nouns Sustantivos o nombres
Radio Radio
Sister Hermana
Street (s) Calle (s)
Student Estudiante
Tea Té
Teacher Profesor (a)
Telephone Teléfono
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Inglés Básico
TIME (La hora)
O’clockToHalfQuarterWatchClockMidday / NoonMidnightWeekdaysWeekendFull timeTomorrowThe day after tomorrowYesterdayThe day before yesterdayMinutesSeconds
En puntoParaMediaUn cuartoReloj de pulseraReloj de paredMediodíaMedianocheDias de la semanaFin de semanaTiempo completoMañanaPasado mañanaAyerAntes de ayerMinutosSegundos
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Inglés Básico
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Inglés Básico
Self - evaluation / Autoevaluación
Part I
Look at the picture and answer the questions. Vea la foto y responda las
preguntas
Example:
89
Is the girl reading or writing?
She’s writing
1. Are the children riding their bicycle or walking?
_____________________________________
2. Are they talking or watching TV?
_____________________________________
Inglés Básico
Part II
Answer in affirmative form
Example: Is Ramon studying the lesson?
Yes, he is studying the lesson.
1. Is Alice opening her book? __________________________________________
2. Is the boy listening to the radio? _______________________________________
3. Are the teachers speaking English? _______________________________________ 4. Are you answering the questions? _______________ ________________________
90
3. What is the boy doing?
_____________________________________
4. What is Susan doing?
_____________________________________
Inglés Básico
Part III
Answer in negative form
Example: Is he taking a test?
No, he isn’t taking a test.
1. Are you taking a test? ___________________________________
2. Is Pedro studying mathematics?
___________________________________
3. Is she sitting down?
___________________________________ 4. Are they working now?
__________________________________
Part IV
Look at the picture. Answer in negative form and describe the action with the
word in parenthesis.
Example:
91
Is the man reading a Spanish book? (English)
No, he isn’t. He’s reading an English book.
Inglés Básico
92
1. Are they working? (play) _____________________________________
2. Is the old man playing? (speak) _____________________________________
3. Are you playing golf? (fish) _____________________________________
4. Is he writing on the notebook? (board) _____________________________________
Inglés Básico
Part V
Write the time. (Escriba la hora.)
Example:
What time is it?
( 4:20 ) It’s twenty past four.
1. ( 05:45 ) __________________________
2. ( 12:00 ) __________________________
3. ( 02:10 ) __________________________
4. ( 03.15 ) __________________________
5. ( 08:30 ) __________________________
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Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
Part I
1. They are riding their bicycle.
2. They’re watching T.V.
3. He’s riding in the street.
4. She’s reading a book.
Part II
1- Yes, she is opening her book.
2- Yes, he is listening to the radio.
3- Yes, they are speaking English.
4- Yes, I am answering the questions.
Part III
1- No, I am not taking a test.
2- No, he isn’t studying mathematics.
3- No, she isn’t sitting down.
4- No, they aren’t working now.
Part IV
1- No, they aren’t. They‘re playing.
2- No, he isn’t. He’s speaking.
3- No, I am not. I’m fishing.
4- No, he isn’t. He’s writing on the board.
Part V
1- It’s a quarter to six.
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Inglés Básico
2- It’s twelve o’clock
3- It’s ten past / after two.
4- It’s a quarter past / after three.
5- It’s half past eight.
95
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
Describe the picture above. Use the Present Continuous Tense
Example:
There are two men fishing
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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Inglés Básico
Unidad VI Auxiliares Do, Does y verbo to have
Objetivo Terminal
Construir en Inglés oraciones interrogativas, afirmativas y negativas
utilizando le tiempo presente simple y el verbo to have.
Contenido
Uso de los auxiliares Do – Does
Uso del verbo to have
Adverbios de frecuencia
Likes and dislikes
Ocupaciones
Información de la unidad
Los auxiliares Do y Does, son utilizados con diferentes pronombres y nos
permiten interrogar o negar en presente simple con los verbos regulares e
irregulares, a excepción del verbo to be.
El auxiliar Do debe ser utilizado con los siguientes pronombres:
I
Do You
We
They
Example:
I study English every day. (Yo estudio Inglés todos los días)
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Inglés Básico
Do you study English every day? (¿Tú estudias Inglés todo los días?)
No, I don’t study English every day
Y el auxiliar Does se utiliza con la terceras personas
He
Does She
It
Tenemos que destacar que el verbo principal de la oración debe estar en
forma simple y cuando la oración está en tercera persona se le agrega al
verbo principal la partícula “s” o “es”, dependiendo del verbo.
Example:
Alice studies English every day. (Alice estudia Inglés todos los días)
Does she study English every day? (¿Ella estudia Inglés todos los días?)
No, she doesn’t study English every day. (No, ella no estudia Inglés todos
los días)
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Inglés Básico
GRAMMAR
El auxiliar Do utilizado con los pronombres I, You, We, They, así como el
Does con los pronombres She, He, It es omitido en las oraciones afirmativas
y se escribe el verbo en su forma simple conservando la siguiente estructura:
Example
a) They play soccer on Sundays.
Sujeto (s) verbo (v) complemento (c)
b) Mario plays soccer on Sundays.
Sujeto (s) verbo (v) complemento (c)
Nota: Con las terceras personas al verbo principal de la oración se le agrega
una (s).
Uso del auxiliar Do
Do
I
You
Study English?We
They
Do You Study English?
Auxiliar Subject / Sujeto Verb / verbo Complement / Complemento
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Inglés Básico
Sentences Changing to Questions (Cambio de
oraciones afirmativas a preguntas)
Examples
You walk every day. (Tu caminas a diario)
Do you walk every day? (¿Tu caminas a diario?)
We eat in a restaurant. (Nosotros comemos en un
restaurant)
Do we eat in a restaurant? (¿Nosotros comemos en
un restaurant?)
Affirmative form (Oraciones afirmativas):
Examples:
Do they play football every day?
(¿Ellos juegan football todos los días?)
Yes, they do.
Yes, they play football every day
Si, ellos juegan futbol todos los días.
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Inglés Básico
Do you read History books?
(¿Lees libros de Historia?)
Yes, I do.
Yes, I read History books.
(Si, leo libros de Historia)
Negative form (Oraciones negativas):
Examples:
Do they play football every day?
No, they do not (don´t)
No, they don´t play football every day.
(No, ellos no juegan futbol todos los días)
Do you read History books?
No, I don´t. (do not)
No, I don´t read History books.
(No, no leo libros de Historia)
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Inglés Básico
Interrogative form:
Para realizar formas interrogativas con los auxiliares Do - Does, seguimos el
siguiente esquema:
Do
We
Write books in English?They
I
You
Does
He
Write books in English?She
It
En presencia del auxiliar Does en la oración interrogativa la (s) o (es) al final
del verbo se omite.
Ejemplo:
a) I study English. (Yo estudio Inglés.)
Do you study English? (¿Tu estudias Inglés?)
b) He works everyday. (El trabaja todos los días.)
Does he work everyday? (¿El trabaja todos los días?)
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Inglés Básico
Sentences Changing to interrogative form
(Cambio de oraciones afirmativas a forma interrogative)
Examples:
I play the guitar. (Yo toco la guitarra)
Do you play the guitar? (¿Tu tocas la guitarra?)
She writes everyday. (Ella escribe todos los días)
Does she write everyday? (¿Ella escribe todos los días?)
He works every day. (El trabaja todos los días)
Does he work every day? (¿El trabaja todos los días?)
Affirmative form (Oraciones afirmativas):
Examples:
Do they eat fish? (¿Ellos comen pescado?)
Yes, they do. (Si, ellos comen)
Yes, they eat fish. (Si ellos comen pescado)
Does she write in Spanish? (Ella escribe en Español)
Yes, she does.
Yes, she writes in Spanish. (Si, ella escribe en Español)
Negative form (Oraciones negativas):
Examples:
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Inglés Básico
Do they study English? (¿Ellos estudian Inglés?)
No, they don’t. (No ellos no.)
No, they don’t study English. (No, ellos no estudian Inglés)
Do you read the newspaper? (¿Tu lees el periódico?)
No, I don’t. ( No, yo no.)
No, I don’t read the newspaper. (No, yo no leo el periódico)
Does she clean the house every Saturday? (¿Ella limpia la casa todos
los Sábados?)
No, she doesn´t (does not)
No, she doesn´t clean the house every Saturday. (No, ella no limpia la
casa todos los Sábados)
Does he clean the room? (¿El limpia la habitación?)
No, he doesn´t. (does not)
No, he doesn´t clean the room. (No, el no limpia la habitación)
We can use these expressions to Express Likes and Dislikes
(Podemos usar estas expresiones para decir lo que nos gusta o disgusta)
Express Likes(Expresar gustos)
I like to dance Merengue
We like to study on weekends
She likes to work in the morning
Express Dislikes(Expresar lo que no
nos gusta)
She doesn’t like to play tennis.
Jhon doesn’t like to watch TV.
We don’t like to eat fish.
They don’t like to speak in class.
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Inglés Básico
OCCUPATIONS / OCUPACIONES
En Inglés al igual que en Español existe una gama de ocupaciones, entre las
cuales tenemos:
Teacher
Student
Dentist
Doctor
Nurse
Accountant
Lawyer
Waiter
Waitress
Actress
Engineer
Mechanic
Architect
Housewife
Cashier
Manager
Butcher
Baker
Farmer
Profesor (a)
Estudiante
Dentista
Doctor
Enfermera
Contador
Abogado
Mesonero
Mesonera
Actriz
Ingeniero
Mecánico
Arquitecto
Ama de casa
Cajero
Gerente
Carnicero
Panadero
granjero
Ejemplo:
- Sara is a lawyer.
- Robert is an accountant.
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Inglés Básico
Nota: Es necesario colocar el artículo indeterminado o indefinido ( a / an )
antes de una ocupación.
Simple Present / Presente Simple
We also use the present simple to talk about things that happen repeatedly.
(También usamos el presente simple para hablar acerca de las cosas que
pasan repetidamente)
I / We / They
always
usually
often
sometimes
study English
play soccer
He / she / it Rarely
Never
studies Frenchplays volleyball
Examples:
I always study English.
They sometimes play volleyball.
He often studies English.
She usually plays Volleyball.
VERBO TO HAVE / VERBO TENER
En el idioma Inglés el verbo to have se considera como un verbo irregular, y
en el tiempo presente simple se utiliza para expresar posesión (tener).
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Inglés Básico
En el tiempo presente simple el verbo to have presenta las siguientes
conjugaciones:
Affirmative form (Forma afirmativa)
I
You
We
They
have
He
She
It
has
Ejemplo:
- I have a dog. (Yo tengo un perro)
- Mary has three sisters. (Mary tiene tres hermanas)
Negative form (Forma negativa)
Se debe utilizar el auxiliar Do – Does en forma negativa Do not / Don’t o
Does not / doesn’t y el to have debe ser expresada en su forma básica
(have).
I
You
We
They
Do not have
Don’t have
He
She
It
Does not have
Doesn’t have
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Inglés Básico
Ejemplo:
- I don’t have problems.
- Miriam doesn’t have problems.
Interrogative form / Forma interrogative
Debemos recordar que existen dos tipos de preguntas:
a) Information question / Preguntas de información
WH – Question + auxiliar + subjetc + have + complement ?
Palabra interrogativa + auxiliar + sujeto + have + complemento ?
Ejemplo :
- What do you have in your pocket ?
- I have money in my pocket.
WH - Question words. ( Palabras interrogatives WH)
What? ¿Que o cual?
Where? ¿Donde?
Who? ¿Quien?
Why? ¿Por qué?
When? ¿Cuando?
Yes / No questions ( Preguntas Si / No)
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Inglés Básico
Para formular estas preguntas debemos seguir el siguiente patrón:
Auxiliar Do / Does + subject + have + complement?
(Auxiliar Do / Does + sujeto + have + complemento?)
Ejemplo:
Question (Pregunta)
- Do Peter and Henry have classes? (¿Peter y Henry tienen clases?)
Short affirmative/negative answer. (Respuesta corta afirmativa/negativa)
- Yes, they do. (Si, ellos si)
- No, they don’t (No, ellos no)
Long affirmative answer. (Respuesta larga afirmativa)
- Yes, they have classes. ( Si, ellos tienen clases)
- No, they don’t have classes. ( No, ellos no tienen clases)
Examples:
I have a pencil
Do I have a pencil?
We have a teacher
Do we have a teacher?
Alice has a car
Does She have a car?
Carlos has a house
Does he have a house?
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Inglés Básico
Exercises
Exercise 1
a. Answer the following questions in affirmative and negative form.
Example:
Do you watch T.V. every Sunday?
Yes, I watch T.V every Sunday.
No, I don’t watch T.V every Sunday.
1. Does he dance Joropo music?
2. Do they read in English?
b. Complete these sentences wiht Do – Does
Jackie study French?
We have classes everyday?
The cat eat cheese?
They clean the garage?
c. Write 3 sentences and change to interrogative form.
1.
2.
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Inglés Básico
3.
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences with Do or Does.
1. ________ she go to the movies everyday?
2. ________ people eat breakfast at 7:30?
3. ________ Mr. Lander and his wife write a letter to his son?
Exercise 3
Rewrite the sentences, using the adverb in parenthesis.
Example:
I have coffee in the morning (always)
I always have coffee in the morning.
1. Her husband walks in the afternoon (often)
_____________________________________________________________
2. He goes shopping (sometimes)
_____________________________________________________________
3. We watch a movie on TV (seldom)
_____________________________________________________________
4. We are in bed before 12 (never)
_____________________________________________________________
5.- I am at work at 7:30 (usually)
_____________________________________________________________
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Inglés Básico
Exercise 4
Change to interrogative sentence. (Cambie a la forma interrogativa)
Example:
You have a cat.
Do you have a cat?
a. I have a bicycle
b. Heleny has a sister.
c. Wilfredo has a ball.
Exercise 5
Underline the correct verb in parenthesis. (Subraye el verbo correcto)Example:
My mother (have – has) a house
1. They (have – has) many students.
2. Belkis (have – has) two boys.
3. The dog (have – has) a bone.
Exercise 6
Answer the following Questions. Give affirmative and negative long
answers. (Responda las siguientes preguntas. Use respuestas largas
afirmativas y negativas)
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Inglés Básico
Example:
Do you have a notebook?
Yes, I have a notebook.
No, I don’t have a notebook
1. Does Aquiles have a horse?
2. Do we have a class?
3. Does Sonia have black eyes?
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Inglés Básico
Vocabulary
AloneAlsoAlwaysBoneBookBoyChangeCleanDanceEatEvery dayFriendsGoHorseHouseLoveNotebookOftenPlayPocketPreferencePutReadSaySometimesStudyThingUsuallyWalkWalletWatchWorkWrite
SoloTambiénSiempreHuesoLibroMuchacho / niñoCambiarLimpiarBailarComerTodos los díasAmigos (as)IrCaballoCasaAmarCuadernoFrecuentemente JugarBolsilloPreferenciaColocarLeerDecirAlgunas vecesEstudiarCosaUsualmenteCaminarBilleteraMirarTrabajarEscribir
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Inglés Básico
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación
Part I
Answer these questions in affirmative complete answers. ( Conteste
estas preguntas en forma completa y afirmativa)
Example:
Do you go to school every day?
Yes, I go to school everyday.
1. Does Mary live in Maracay?
2. Do we Speak English?
3. Does he Study every day?
4. Does she have to clean the apartment?
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Inglés Básico
Part II
Complete these sentences. (Completar estas oraciones)
Example:
Does she live alone?
No, she doesn´t. She lives with two friends.
1. ___________ your sister ________________ in Caracas?
Yes, she ____________.
2. We ________ n’t ________ in a flat. We _____in a house.
3. Where _________ you _________________ ?
I __________________ in Maracaibo.
Part III
Complete these sentences with: Has – have - do – does (Completar
estas oraciones con has – have – do – does )
Example:
She has a dog.
1. ________________ they work every day?
2. We ________________ five friends.
3. ________ Peter have a beautiful house?.
Part IV
Underline the correct verb or auxiliary in parenthesis. (Subrayar el
everbo o auxiliary correcto)
Example:
She (write – writes) in English.
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Inglés Básico
a. Does Peter (play – plays) the piano?
b. What (do – does) he like to Study?
c. Do you (have – has) a blue car?
d. Rosa (have – has) a pen.
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Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
Part I
1. Yes, she lives in Maracay.
2. Yes, we speak English.
3. Yes, he studies every day.
4. Yes, she has to clean the apartment.
Part II
1. Does – live – does
2. Do – live - live
3. Do – live – live
Part. III
1. Do
2. Have
3. Does
Part. IV:
a. Play
b. Does
c. Have
d. Has
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Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
Write a ten (10) lines paragraph about your preferences. Talk about what
you like and dislike. (Escriba un parrafo de diez (10) líneas acerca de tus
preferencias. Hable acerca de lo que le gusta y no le gusta)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Inglés Básico
Unidad VII Tiempo futuro.
Objetivo Terminal
Construir oraciones en inglés en forma oral y escrita utilizando el going
to y el auxiliar will.
Contenido
Tiempo futuro con will
Estructuras interrogativas
Estructuras afirmativas
Estructuras negativas
Contracciones con will
Tiempo futuro con going to
Estructuras interrogativas
Estructuras afirmativas
Estructuras negativas
Información de la unidad
Las formas simples de como construir el tiempo futuro en Inglés son:
Futuro con Will
Se construye con el sujeto, luego will, seguido por el verbo que determinará
la acción futura y un complemento si es necesario.
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Inglés Básico
Ejemplo:
I will study English tomorrow. (Yo estudiaré Inglés mañana)
She will be in Maturín next August. (Ella estará en Maturin el próximo Agosto)
Grammar
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: WILL (Tiempo futuro simple : will)
Subject + will + verb + complement
(Sujeto + will + verbo + complemento)
Look at this:
I
YouHesheIt
WeThey
willbe there
do it
tomorrow
morning
afternoon
night
next
week
saturday
april
soon
tonight
Examples:
You will be an important Doctor. (Tu sera un doctor importante)
I’ll learn English. (Yo aprenderé Inglés)
I’ll meet people from other country (Yo conoceré gente de otro país)
I’ll win a price. (Yo ganaré un premio)
I’ll have fun (Yo me divertiré)
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Inglés Básico
Nota: En los ejemplos anteriores aparece la contracción afirmativa del
auxiliar will (‘ll), el cual se usa con todos los pronombres personales: I’ll,
he’ll, she’ll, we’ll, you’ll, they’ll.
We use Will when we decide to do something at the moment we talk.
(Usamos “will” cuando decidimos hacer algo en el momento en que
hablamos)
Example:
I´ll clean my house this afternoon
(Yo limpiaré mi casa esta tarde.)
We also use will to talk about predictions in the future. (También podemos
usar “will” para hablar de predicciones en el futuro)
Interrogative form. (Forma interrogativa)
Yes/No questions. (Preguntas Si/No)
Will + Subject + verb + complement?
(Will + Sujeto + verbo + complemento?)
Example:
Will you sleep late? (¿Dormirás hasta tarde?)
Will Henry travel to Europe next month? (Henry viajará a Europa el próximo
mes?
Information questions. (Preguntas de información)
Wh – questions + will + subject + verb + complement?
( Palabra interrogativa + will + sujeto + verbo + complemento? )
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Inglés Básico
Example:
- What will you learn there? (¿Que aprenderás allá?)
- Where will be the party tomorrow? (¿Donde sera la fiesta mañana?)
Affirmative and negative answers. (Respuestas afirmativas y negativas)
Example:
Will you visit your relatives next vacation? (Visistarás a tus familiares
las próximas vacaciones?)
Yes, I will (Short answer)
Yes, I’ll visit my relatives next vacation. (Long answer)
No, I won’t. (Short answer)
No, I won’t visit my relatives next vacation. (Long answer)
FUTURE WITH VERB TO BE + GOING TO. (futuro con el verbo to be +
going to)
Subject + to be + going to + complement
(Sujeto + to be + going to + complemento)
Examples:
I’m going to write a letter later. (Voy a escribir una carta más tarde)
He’s going to work at the bank. (El va a trabajar en el banco.)
It’s going to drink milk. (Va a tomar leche)
Interrogative form. (Forma interrogative)
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Inglés Básico
Yes/No questions. (Preguntas Si/No)
To be + Subject +going to + complement?
(To be + sujeto + going to + complemento?)
Example:
Am I going to write a letter?
Is he going to work at the bank?
Is it going to drink milk?
Information question. (Preguntas de información)
Wh – questions + to be + subject + going to + verb + complement?
( Palabra interrogativa + to be + sujeto + going to + verbo + complemento )
Example:
What is he going to do tonight?
Where are you going to travel?
Affirmative and negative answers. (Respuesta afirmativas y negativas)
- Are you going to write a letter? (Vas tu a escribir una carta)
Yes, I am. (Short answer)
Yes, I am going to write a letter. (Long answer)
No, I am not. (Short answer)
No, I am not going to write a letter. (Long answer)
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Inglés Básico
Exercises
Exercise 1
Give a complete answer in affirmative or negative form. (De una respuesta
completa en forma afirmativa o negativa)
Example:
Will you play football tomorrow?
Yes, I will play football tomorrow / No I won’t play football tomorrow.
a. Will they learn a new Language?
b. Will she cook next week?
c. What will he do next Saturday?
Exercise 2
Arrange these Sentences. (Ordene estas oraciones)
Example:
Go – will – Mérida – I – To - Tomorrow.
I will go to Mérida tomorrow.
1. Will – move – she – to – Caracas – in – January.
2. They – travel – will – next – to – the beach - Saturday
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Inglés Básico
3. Work – you – will – next - July
Exercise 3
Write 3 Sentences Using Will”. (Escriba 3 oraciones usando “will”)
Example:
Teresa will travel to Japan next year.
a. ________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________
Exercise 4
Read the following dialogue. (Lea el siguiente dialogo)
Carlos: We’re going to play tennis this afternoon. Do you want to go?
Alice: Thanks, but I’m going to stay at home this afternoon. I’m going to
watch T.V.
Exercise 5
Answer the following questions in affirmative or negative form. ( Respond
alas siguientes preguntas en forma afirmativa o negativa)
Ejemplo:
Is she going to go to bed early?
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Inglés Básico
Yes, she’s going to go to bed early / No, she isn’t going to go to bed
early.
1. Are they going to watch T.V.?
2. Are you going to cook dinner this afternoon?
3. Is he going to play next Sunday?
4. What are they going to do next Weekend?
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Inglés Básico
Vocabulary
Next Sunday
Next week
Soon
To come
To cook
To decide
To go
To know
To play
To Stay
To think
To travel
To watch
Tomorrow
morning
Tomorrow night
El próximo Domingo
La próxima semana
Pronto
Venir
Cocinar
Decidir
Ir
Saber
Jugar
Quedarse
Pensar
Viajar
Observar
mañana
Mañana en la mañana
Mañana en la noche
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Inglés Básico
Self - evaluation / Autoevaluación
A) Complete the sentences. Use future with going to.(Complete las
oraciones. Use futuro con going to)
Example:
Carlos is going to play soccer.
1. Peter going to study tonight.
2. Are you cook dinner?
3. What they do this afternoon?
4. ______ she go to the beach next Saturday?
B) Ask someone if he or she is going to do the following activities.
(Preguntar a alguien si el o ella va a hacer las actividades siguientes)
Example:
Cook dinner
Are you going to cook dinner tonight?
1. Read the newspaper
2. Play baseball
3. Go to bed early
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Inglés Básico
4. Wash your car
C) Write Sentences using “Will”. (Escriba oraciones usando will)
Example:
Learn to speak English
I will learn to speak English.
1. Travel a lot.
2. Move to a different city.
3. Be a good student.
4. Pass the English test.
D) Complete these sentences. Use will or going to. (Complete estas
oraciones. Use wil o going to)
Example:
Tomorrow we are going to the beach.
1. Don´t go out now. You get wet.
2. Look out! That ladder is fall.
3. We’re have a baby.
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Inglés Básico
4. Look. It’s rain.
5. Don´t smoke that. You get sick.
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
A)
1. Going to
2. Are - going to
3. Is - Going to
B)
1. Are you going to play baseball this evening?
2. Are you going to go bed early this evening?
3. Are you going to wash your car this evening?
C)
1. I will travel a lot.
2. I will move to a different city.
3. I will be a good student.
4. I will pass the English test.
D)
1. Will
2. Going to
3. Going to
4. Going to
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Inglés Básico
5. Will
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
Write a ten (10) line dialogue talking about future actions. (Escriba un diálogo
de 10 léneas acerca de acciones futures)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------
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Inglés Básico
Unidad VIII Verbo to be en pasado
Objetivo Terminal
Construir oraciones en Inglés, en forma oral y escrita, utilizando el verbo
to be en pasado.
Contenido
Verbo to be en pasado
Was, were
Uso del:
There was
There were
Información de la unidad
En esta unidad utilizamos el verbo to be (ser o estar) para expresar acciones
realizadas en tiempo pasado (was, were), al igual que podemos expresar una
relación de existencia del pasado (there was, there were).
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Inglés Básico
Grammar
Past tense of to be : was - were (Pasado del verbo to be: was – were)
Iwas
here
thereyesterday
last week
Youwere
She
He
It
was
We
You
They
were
Negative form (forma negative)
I
he was + not = wasn’t
she
it
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Inglés Básico
we
you = were + not = weren’t
they
Examples:
A. Affirmative sentences (Oraciones afirmativas)
Subject + to be + Complement
(Sujeto + to be + complemento)
I was at home yesterday
She was in the library last week
They were in the stadium last night
You were in the park this morning
B. Interrogative question form with was – were (Oraciones interrogatives:
was – were)
to be + Subject + Complement?
(¿to be + sujeto + complemento?)
Was I in the house yesterday?
Was She in the library last week?
Were They in the stadium last night?
Were You in the park this morning?
Question form (Oraciones interrogatives)
was I there? Affirmative answerShe Yes, I – he – she – it was
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Inglés Básico
He Yes, you - we – they wereIt Negative answer
wereWe
there?No, I – he – she – it wasn’t
You No, you - we – they weren’tthey
Quantity expressions (expresiones de cantidad)
Therewas
Therewasn’t
Were weren’t
Question form (Oraciones interrogativas)
Was a book on the table?
There
Were apples on the table?
Affirmative answer
Yes, there was a book on the table. (Si, había un libro sobre la mesa)
Yes, there were apples on the table. (Si, habían manzanas sobre la mesa)
Negative answer
No, there wasn’t a book on the table. (No, no había un libro sobre la mesa)
No, there weren’t apples on the table. (No, no habían manzanas sobre la
mesa)
Estas estructuras también pueden ser respondidas en forma corta.
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Inglés Básico
Ejemplo:
Was there a teacher in class?
Yes, there was.
No, there wasn’t.
Were there books on the table
Yes, there were.
No, there weren’t.
Nota:
There was not = There wasn’t
There were not = There weren’t
Affirmative answer
Was - Were
1. Were you in the house yesterday? (¿Estabas tu en la casa ayer?)
a) Yes, I was.
b) Yes, I was in the house yesterday. (Si, yo estaba en la casa
ayer)
2. Were you in the park this morning? (¿Estabas en el parque esta mañana?)
a) Yes, I was.
b) Yes, I was in the park this morning. (Si, yo estaba en el parque
esta mañana)
Negative answer
Wasn’t – Weren’t
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Inglés Básico
1. Were you in the school last week? (¿Estabas en la escuela la semana
pasada?
a. No, I wasn’t.
b. No, I wasn’t in the school last week. (No, yo no estuve en la
escuela la semana pasada)
2. Was she at the university last year? (¿Estaba ella en la Universidad
el año pasado?)
a. No, she wasn’t
b. No, she wasn’t at the university last year. (No, ella no estaba
en la Universidad la semana pasada)
Exercises
1. Change the following sentences to the interrogative form. (Cambie las
siguientes oraciones a la forma interrogativa)
Example:
She was at the disco last Saturday
Was she at the disco last Saturday?
1-Mary and Rose were students last year.
_______________________________
2-The secretary was in the office.
_______________________________
3-The dog was in the park.
_______________________________
4- The doctors were in the hospital.
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Inglés Básico
_______________________________
2. Answer in a complete negative form. (Conteste en forma negativa y
completa)
Example:
Was Robert at the beach last weekend?
No, he wasn’t at the beach last weekend.
1-Was Margaret in the country?
________________________________
2-Were Pedro and Betsy very happy at the party?
________________________________
3-Were you in class this morning?
________________________________
4-Was your father at home yesterday?
________________________________
3. Answer in a complete affirmative form. (Conteste en forma afirmativa y
completa)
Example:
Were the students in class?
Yes, they were in class.
1. Was the man at the park?
________________________________
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Inglés Básico
2. Were they in the patio?
________________________________
3. Were you a teacher in the school?
________________________________
4. Underline the correct word in parenthesis. (Subrayar la palabra correcta
en parentesis)
Example:
I (was were) a secretary.
1- They (wasn’t weren’t) in Maracaibo.
2- Margaret (was were) a nurse here.
3- The children (were was) in the laboratory this morning.
5. Complete the dialogue. Use was-were-wasn’t-weren’t. (Complete el
diálogo. Use was – were – wasn’t – weren’t)
Example
Julia: Andres, were you at the party last night?
Andres: Yes, I _______
Julia: _________ Margaret and Peter there?
Andres: No, they ___________
6. Complete with was - were – wasn’t – weren’t (Complete con was –
were – wasn’t – weren’t)
Example
There were many people at the beach
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Inglés Básico
1.- There _________ lots of baseball players there last night.
2.- There _________ few fruits in the refrigerator.
3.- There _________ much money in my pocket.
4.- There _________ some dictionaries here yesterday.
7. Change into negative sentences. (Cambie a la forma negativa)
Example
There were pencils on the chairs.
There weren’t pencils on the chairs.
1. There was a man in the drugstore.
___________________________
2. There were four cars in the garage.
___________________________
3. There were lots of books here yesterday.
___________________________
4. There was a doctor in the hospital.
___________________________
8. Change to interrogative form. (Cambie a la forma interrogative)
Example:
There was a beautiful girl at the meeting.
Was there a beautiful girl at the meeting?
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Inglés Básico
1. There were many dogs in your house.
_______________________________
2. There was a lot of coffee in the pot.
_______________________________
3. There were two men standing at the door.
_______________________________
4. There was a child at home.
_______________________________
Exercise 9
A.- Read the paragraph. (Lea el parrafo)
Regina lived in La Victoria Aragua State eight years ago. Her house was near
Jose Felix Ribas Square, downtown. There was a big avenue near her home,
there were many shops, four restaurants, two banks and a theatre on the
avenue. She liked her house very much.
B.- Answer the questions about the paragraph. (Responda las preguntas
acerca del párrafo)
Example
Was there a big avenue near her home?
Yes, there was
1.- How many shops were there on the avenue?
________________________________________________________
2.- Was her house far from downtown?
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Inglés Básico
________________________________________________________
3.- What square was near her house?
________________________________________________________
4.- How many theatres were there?
________________________________________________________
C.- Underline the correct answer. (Subraye la respuesta correcta)
Example:
There ( was – were ) many shops near her house.
1. There ( was – were ) a big avenue in La Victoria.
2. There ( was – were ) two banks in the avenue.
3. There ( was – were ) a square near her house.
10. Complete the conversation. Use was – wasn’t – were – weren’t.
(Complete la conversación. Use was – wasn’t – were – weren’t)
Example:
Pedro: Where were you last night?
Alice: I _______ at home.
Pedro: No, you ___________ I phoned you and you __________ there.
Alice: I _____________ with my friend Daysi.
11. Complete with the question words. Use how many – where – when –
what.
Example:
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Inglés Básico
How many books were on the table?
1.- ___________ restaurants were there in the avenue?
2.- ___________ were you in Margarita Island?
3.- ___________ were you this morning?
4.- ___________ color was your car?
12. Answer these questions with the words in parenthesis. (Conteste estas
preguntas con las palabras en paréntesis)
Example:
How many apples were there in the refrigerator? (Six)
There were six apples in the refrigerator.
1.- How many students were there at the game? (Many)
__________________________________________________
2.- How many parks were there near your house? (Two)
__________________________________________________
3.- How many pencils were there on the table? (Three)
__________________________________________________
4.- How much sugar was there in your coffe? (Little)
__________________________________________________
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Vocabulary / Vocabulario
Beautiful
Bolivarian
Classroom
Country
Desk
Dictionaries
Engineer
Farmer
Fruit
Happy
Home
House
Lawyer
Liberator
Library
Nurse
Park
Party
People
Republic
Restaurant
School
Bello – Bonito
Bolivariana
Aula de clase
País – Campo
Escritorio
Diccionarios
Ingeniero
Granjero – Agricultor
Fruta
Feliz
Hogar
Casa
Abogado
Liberador
Biblioteca
Enfermera
Parque
Fiesta
Gente
República
Restaurante
Escuela
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Inglés Básico
Square
Tall
University
Yard
Plaza
Alto
Universidad
Patio
Yesterday
Last week
Last month
Last Sunday
Last night
Last year
This morning
Ayer
la semana pasada
el mes pasado
el domingo pasado
anoche
el año pasado
esta mañana
Live
Help
Liberate
Be born
(Was/Were) Born
Vivir
Ayudar
Liberar
Nacer
Nació/Nacieron
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Inglés Básico
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación
A) Answer in affirmative form. (Conteste en forma afirmativa)
Example:
Were they in the school?
Yes, they were in the school.
1.- Was Susan a nurse?
_____________________________
2.- Were they at the university?
_____________________________
3.- Were we in Mérida last sunday?
_____________________________
4.- Was the dog in the street this morning?
_____________________________
B) Answer in a complete negative form. (Conteste en forma negativa)
Example:
Was Susan an accountant?
No, she wasn’t an accountant.
1.- Was Sara a good player?
_____________________________
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Inglés Básico
2.- Were the men in the restaurant?
_____________________________
3.- Was he a farmer?
_____________________________
4.- Were Angel and Dorys engineers?
_____________________________
C) Complete the dialogue, use these forms: was - were - wasn’t - weren’t
(Complete el diálogo, use estas formas: was - were - wasn’t - weren’t)
Example:
He was a good student last year
1.- They _______ in class last week.
2.- Maria and Pedro ____________ good lawyers
3.- Vicente _______ a Mathematic teacher in this school
4.- We ________ here yesterday
D) Answer in affirmative form. (Conteste en forma afirmativa)
Example:
Were you here yesterday?
Yes, I was here yesterday.
1- Was there a picture on the wall?
__________________________________
2- Were there many workers in the company?
__________________________________
3- Was there a book on the table?
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Inglés Básico
__________________________________
4- Were there many classrooms in the school?
__________________________________
E) Answer in negative form. (Conteste en forma negativa)
Example:
Was there a tall man near here?
No, there wasn’t a tall man near here.
1. Were there students sitting on the chairs?
__________________________________
2. Were there any erasers on the desk?
__________________________________
3. Was there a cat at the home?
__________________________________
4. Was there a car in the garage?
__________________________________
F) Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
(Lea el siguiente parrafo y conteste las preguntas)
Simón Bolivar was the Liberator of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and
Bolivia. He helped to liberate others latinoamerican nations. He was born in
Caracas on July 24th in 1783.
Example
Who was Simon Bolivar?
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Inglés Básico
He was the Liberator of Venezuela.
1.- Where was Simon Bolivar born?
___________________________________________________________
2.- When was he born?
___________________________________________________________
3.- Was Simon Bolivar the Liberator of Ecuador an Peru?
___________________________________________________________
4.- Was Simón Bolívar the Liberator of Mexico?
___________________________________________________________
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Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
A) 1.- Yes, she was a nurse.
2.- Yes, they were at the university.
3.- Yes, you were in Mérida last Sunday.
4.- Yes, the dog was in the street this morning.
B) 1.- No, she wasn’t a good player.
2.- No, they weren’t in the restaurant.
3.- No, he wasn’t a farmer.
4.- No, they weren’t engineers.
C) 1.- Were
2.- Were
3.- Was
4.- Were
D) 1.- Yes, there was a picture on the wall.
2.- Yes, there were many workers in the company.
3.- Yes, there was a book on the table.
4.- Yes, there were many classrooms in the school.
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Inglés Básico
E) 1.- No, there weren’t students sitting on the chairs.
2.- No, there weren’t erasers on the desk.
3.- No, there wasn’t a cat in the house.
4.- No, there wasn’t a car in the garage.
F) 1.- He was born in Caracas.
2.- He was born on July 24th 1783.
3.- Yes, he was.
4.- No, he wasn’t .
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Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
Write a ten line paragraph about your last vacation, using the past form of to
be (was – were – there was – there were).
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Inglés Básico
Unidad IX Ordenes,ubicación y
dirección
Objetivo Terminal
Expresar en inglés, oraciones relacionadas con las direcciones y
ubicaciones de personas y lugares, en forma oral y escrita.
Contenido
- Oraciones imperativas
- Direcciones y/o localización
- Preposiciones: in, on, under, behind, between, close to.
Información de la unidad
En esta unidad se tratarán los siguientes puntos:
Las oraciones imperativas, las cuales se utilizan para dar órdenes y
prohibiciones. Ej.: Sit down, please (Siéntese por favor)
Don’t smoke in class (No fume en clase)
Expresiones para localizar lugares y dar direcciones.
Ej.: Where is the house? (¿Donde está la casa?)
It’s on second street. (Está en la segunda calle?)
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Inglés Básico
Grammar / Gramática
Command sentences (oraciones imperativas)
En inglés el imperativo se construye con la forma infinitiva del
verbo sin la partícula To.
En una oración imperativa el sujeto es siempre You, pero no se
escribe ni se dice.
El imperativo se usa para dar órdenes, direcciones y prohibiciones.
Read the following sentences (Lea las siguientes oraciones):
Sit down. (Siéntese)
Be here at 7:30 (Esté aquí a las 7:30)
Don’t be late. (No llegues tarde)
Call Mary. ( Llama a Mary)
Don’t smoke in class. (No fumes en clase)
Do not throw the litter on the street, pick it up. (No lances el envase en
la calle, recógelo)
Watch out ! (Ten cuidado)
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Inglés Básico
Imperatives:
Affirmative
Base of verb Complement
BE
CALL
SIT
here at 7:30
Mary
down
Negative
Do not / Don’t + Base form of verbs
Do not throw litter on the street
Don’t smoke in class!
AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE
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Inglés Básico
Locate people and places (Ubicar personas y lugares)
Para pedir información acerca de la ubicación de personas y lugares, se
puede usar where al preguntar.
Question Answer
Where is the restaurant ?
(¿Donde está el restaurant?)
Where is Mary ?
(¿Donde está Mary?)
Where are you?
(¿Donde están ustedes?)
On Bolívar Av.
(En la Av. Bolívar)
At the bank.
(En el banco)
We’re at the supermarket.
(Estamos en el supermercado)
En las respuestas se usan las preposiciones de lugar: on, at. El primero se
utilize para referirsen a calles o avenidas y el Segundo se emplea para
referirse a establecimientos.
Contraction:
Where is = Where’s (Donde está?)
Example:
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Inglés Básico
1. The hospital is on Páez Street. (El hospital está en la calle Paez)
2. The library is on Bolívar Avenue. (La biblioteca está en la avenida Bolívar)
Exercises
Exercise 1
Fill the blanks with an affirmative or negative imperative sentence. (Rellene
los espacios con una oración imperativa, afirmativa o negativa)
Turn drink drive
Leave wear look
Example:
Wear the seat belt.
1. ___________ and drive.
2. ___________ left.
3. ___________ at the picture.
4. ___________ carefully.
5. Mr. López isn’t here right now. _________ a message.
Exercises 2
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Inglés Básico
Answer the following questions. Use on – at. . (Responda las siguientes
preguntas. Use on – at)
Example
Where’s the post office?
It’s on Páez Avenue.
1. Where’s the library?
_____________________________________________________________
2. Where’s the police station?
_____________________________________________________________
3. Where’s the department store?
_____________________________________________________________
4. Where’s the school?
_____________________________________________________________
Practice these dialogues. (Practique estos diálogos)
1)
A: Excuse me, is the hotel near here?
B: I’m sorry. I don’t know.
A: Thanks.
2)
A: Excuse me, is the Mercantil Bank near here?
B: Yes it is. It’s on Libertad Avenue.
A: Thank you.
3)
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Inglés Básico
A: Where’s Jane?
B: I don’t know.
A: Where’s Peter?
B: He’s at the INCE
Locations in a building
Nota: Para indicar ubicaciones dentro de un edificio se utilizan las siguientes
expresiones:
Upstairs Arriba
Downstairs Abajo
Over there Por allá
Down the hall on the right Bajando por el pasillo a la derecha
Down the hall on the left Bajando por el pasillo a la izquierda
In that way En esa vía / en ese camino
Practice these dialogues. (Practique estos diálogos)
1.
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Inglés Básico
A: Where are the restrooms?
B: Over there.
A: Thanks.
2.
A: Where’s the exit?
B: It’s down the hall on the right.
A: Thanks.
3.
A: Where is the cafeteria?
B: It’s downstairs.
A: Thanks.
4.
A: Where are the elevators?
B: That way.
A: Thanks.
Expressions for giving directions. (Expresiones para dar direcciones)
How do I get to the school? (¿Como llego a la escuela?)
- Go straight. (Siga derecho)
- Walk down. (Camine)
- Turn right. (Cruce a la derecha)
- Turn left. (Cruce a la izquierda)
- It’s on / at the corner. (Está en la esquina)
- It’s between………. (Está entre…..)
- One block. (Una cuadra)
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Inglés Básico
Exercise 3
Give directions. Look at the map and read the conversation below. (Dé
direcciones. Observe el mapa y lea la conversación de abajo)
A. Excuse me, how do I get to the department store?
B. Walk down third Avenue until you get to Washington Street. Then turn
right at the corner. Go straight. Walk one block. The department store is
on the left.
A. Where’s the school, please?
B. It’s on the Third Avenue, between Lincoln and Main Street.
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Inglés Básico
A. How can I get there, please?
B. Walk down Washington Street up to Third Avenue turn right and walk one
block. It’s on the left at the corner of Main Street and Third Avenue.
Exercise 4
Answer the following questions. (Conteste las siguientes preguntas)
1.
a) Where’s the Japanese Restaurant?
_________________________________________
b) How can I get there please?
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
2.
a) Go down Third avenue to Lincoln street, turn right. It’s between Third
Avenue and Fourth Avenue, on the right what is it? ______________
_______________________________________________________
Exercise 5
Match each sentence from the left with its corresponding advice. (Seleccione
la alternative correcta)
1- I have a headache a) go to the dentist
2- I worry too much b) practice with friends
3- I can’t speak English very well c) go on a diet
4- I feel tired everymorning d) take some aspirin
5- I’m overweight e) take it easy
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Inglés Básico
Preposition of place (Preposiciones de lugar): Usamos las preposiciones de
lugar (in, on, under, betwee ) para decir donde está algo o donde se realiza
una actividad. Una preposición viene antes de un sustantivo, seguido
generalmente por un verbo
Prepositions:
ON UNDER
IN BETWEEN
Excercise 6
Write sentences using the prepositions given. (Escriba oraciones usando las
preposiciones dadas)
Example:
IN, ON, UNDER, BETWEEN
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Inglés Básico
Your hat is on the table.
The pen is under the sofa.
The car is in the garage.
The hospital is between Third and Fourth Avenue
1. ________________________________________
2. ________________________________________
3. ________________________________________
4. ________________________________________
Excercise 7
Practice orally. Making substitution from the box
A- Oh, no !
B- What’s the problem ?
A- I lost my umbrella.
B- It’s over there on the table
A- Oh, thanks a lot
B- You’re welcome
What’s the problem?
What’s wrong?
What’s the matter?
Thanks
Thank you
Under the table in the closet
Don’t mention it
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Inglés Básico
Vocabulary
Stand upGo to the boardSit downRaise your handOpen your bookClose your bookLook at the pictureTurn rightTurn leftGet toGo straightWorryWatch outPick it upTake it easyI don’t knowOverweightTiredUmbrellaExitNearBankPost officeSupermarketGymDiscoHospitalLibraryTheatreRestaurantPolice station
PáreseVaya a la pizarraSiénteseLevante su manoAbra su libroCierre su libroMire el cuadroCruce a la derechaCruce a la izquierdaLlegar aVaya derechoPreocuparseCuidadoLevántaloTómelo con calmaYo no séSobre pesoCansadoSombrillaSalidaCerca deBancoOficina postalSupermercadoGimnasioDiscotecaHospitalBibliotecaTeatroRestaurantEstación de policía
166
Inglés Básico
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación
A) Match the sentences
1- You get into a taxi a-“Give me my exam, please”
2- A father to his son b-“I love you very much son”
3- A man stops you on the street c- “Excuse me, what time is it?”
4- A student says to his teacher d- “Take me to the airport, please”
B) Translate to Spanish this paragraph. (Traducir al español este
parrafo)
My name is Carmen Ruíz. I’m from Guárico. I live there, on Miranda Avenue #
15. I work at the INCE Guárico. I can get there by bus because it’s far from
my house.
C) Fill the blanks with the prepositions. (Llene los espacios en blanco
con las preposiciones)
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Inglés Básico
Example:
The car is in the garage.
1. The keys are _________ the table.
2. The bank is __________ the post office and the restaurant.
3. The cat sleeps ________ the bed.
4. The bird is ____________ the cage.
5. The books are _________ the shelf.
6. The knives are _________ the drawer.
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Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
A) 2.b 3.c 4.a
B) Mi nombre es Carmen Ruíz. Yo soy de Guárico. Yo vivo allá, en la
Avenida Miranda # 15. Yo trabajo en el INCE Guárico. Yo puedo allá en
autobús porque está lejos de mi casa.
D) 1.- On
2.- Between
3.- Under / on
4.- In
5.- On
6.- In
169
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
Write a short paragraph about locations of objects in your office, room or
house:
170
Inglés Básico
Unidad X Auxiliar Did, pasado simple
Objetivo Terminal
Construir oraciones en inglés en forma oral y escrita en pasado simple,
utilizando el auxiliar Did.
Contenido
Uso de auxiliar Did, tiempo pasado simple.
a) Estructuras interrogativas
b) Esctructuras afirmativas
c) Estructuras negativas
d) Contracciones
Información de la Unidad
El auxiliar Did se usa en Inglés para interrogar, afirmar y negar en pasado
simple. Cuando utilizamos el auxiliar Did para interrogar, la oración queda
en pasado y el verbo que se use en la oración siempre tendrá que estar en
presente simple.
Example: Did they see Patricia at school?
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Inglés Básico
Mientras que cuando respondemos en forma larga afirmativa, el verbo que se
use en la oración siempre tendrá que estar en pasado simple y debemos
obviar el auxiliar Did. La respuesta corta, en cambio, exige la presencia del
auxiliar Did.
Example: Did they see Patricia at school?
Respuesta larga: Yes, they saw Patricia at school.
Respuesta corta: Yes, they did.
y cuando el auxiliar Did se use en una respuesta negativa larga, el verbo
tendrá que estar en presente simple.
Example: Did they see Patricia at school?
Respuesta larga: No, they didn’t see Patricia at school.
Respuesta corta: No, they didn’t.
Contracción: Didn’t = Did not
172
Inglés Básico
Grammar / Gramática
Regular Verbs/ Verbos Regulares
1. Infinitive + Ed
Talk + ed = talked
2. infinitive + D
Like + D = liked
3. Infinitive – y + ied
cry = cried
4. Infinitive + double final consonant + ed
Stop = stopped
Irregular Verbs/ Verbos Irregulares
Infinitive Past Infinitive Past
BeBecomeBeginBringBuildBuyComeDoDrinkDriveEatFind
Was / wereBecameBeganBroughtBuiltBoughtCameDidDrankDroveAteFound
GetGiveGoHaveMakeLeaveLearnKnowKeepMeetPayPut
GotGaveWentHadMadeLeftLearntKnewKeptMetPaidPut
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Inglés Básico
ReadSaySeeSellSendShutSleepSpeakSpend
ReadSaidSawSoldSentShutSleptSpokeSpent
StandTakeTeachTellThinkUnderstandWearWrite
StoodTookTaughtToldThoughtUnderstoodWoreWrote
Affirmative and Negative:
Subject Verb ComplementI
YouHeSheWethey
WentDidn’t go
Did not go
To the supermarketTo the bank
there
YesterdayLast Saturday
Last night
Questions
Auxiliary Verb Subject Verb ComplementDid
Didn’tHeSheWe
They You
I
Go There Last week?Last month?Last night?Last year?At 9:00?
Yesterday?
Examples:
Short Answers Yes, (I) did.
No, (she) Didn’t.
Long Answers: Yes, I went to the supermarket yesterday.
No, I didn´t go to the supermarket yesterday.
174
Inglés Básico
Exercises
Exercise 1
Read the following story. (Lea el siguiente cuento)
Part IAlice and Pedro are on vacation. It’s 10:00 at night. They’re on a very dark
and lonely country road. Suddenly their car stops.
Alice What’s wrong with the car?
Pedro: I don’t know .
Alice: Did you put in any gas today?
Pedro: I put some in this afternoon.
Alice What are we going to do?
Pedro: I’m going to find a phone.
Alice: I’m going with you.
Pedro: No, It’s freezing! Stay here, lock the door.
Alice: Please, be careful.
Part II
Pedro comes back a few minutes later.
Pedro: Alice, It’s me. Open the door. Sorry, did I scare you?.
Alice: Yes, you did! Did you find a phone?
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Inglés Básico
Pedro: No, but I found a hotel. I went around the corner up there and
saw it. They have a room for tonight. We can call a garage
tomorrow. Come on!
Part III
They’re in the hotel room. Pedro goes into the bathroom. There’s a
noise outside.
Alice: Pedro! Did you hear that?
Pedro: What?
Alice: I heard something. A strange noise.
Pedro: I didn’t hear anything.
Alice: You were in the bathroom.
Pedro: Yes, and there aren’t any towels. I’m going down to the front desk.
Alice: O.K.
Pedro: Don’t worry; Alice. I’m not frightened.
Pedro: Alice!
Alice: What’s the matter?
Pedro: I went outside… and I saw someone in the hall. He was wearing
a long black coat, like count Dracula. He had two big teeth,
and….
Alice: This isn’t funny, Pedro.
Pedro: He was there! I saw him. He went around the corner and I went
after him. But there wasn’t anyone there.
Alice: What? There wasn’t anyone there?
Pedro: That’s right. I didn’t see anyone. Ssh! Did you hear that?
Alice: It’s that same noise again.
Pedro: Come one, I’m not staying here. Let’s go.
Part IV
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Inglés Básico
They are at the front desk
Alice: Pedro, look. It’s a Halloween* party
Pedro:And there’s count Dracula! Come on, We’re staying!
* Halloween is a popular festival that takes place on October 31. Many
people wear strange, frightening, or funny costumes. There are parades,
dances, and parties in many places.
B. Read again and answer these questions. (Lea de nuevo y conteste estas preguntas)
Example:
Did Pedro put in any gas today?Yes, he put some gas today.
1. Did he find a phone?
2. What did he find?
3. What did Alice hear?
4. Where was Pedro?
5. What did Pedro see?
6. What did Pedro and Alice see at the front desk?
7. How is this party called?
177
Inglés Básico
Exercise 2
Write negative and affirmative answers to these questions. (Escriba
respuestas negativas y afrimativas a estas preguntas)
Example: Did you drink coffee with breakfast this morning?
Yes, I drank coffee with breakfast this
morning.
No, I didn’t drink coffee with breakfast
this morning.
1. Did you eat eggs for breakfast this morning?
2. Did he walk to school today?
3. Did she drive home this morning?
4. Did they come to work yesterday evening?
178
Inglés Básico
5. Did we read the newspaper this morning?
Exercise 3
A. Write negative sentences. Use the words in parenthesis. Escriba
oraciones negativas. Use las palabras en parentesis.
Example:
I woke up at 8:30 (8:15)
I didn’t wake up at 8:15
1. They swam 400 yards. (800 yards)
2. The lesson began at 9:00. (9:10)
3. They drank tea (milk)
4. He ran 100 yards (400 yards)
179
Inglés Básico
Vocabulary
A / an Be careful Call Car Come back Corner Count Country Dark Door Few Freezing Front deskFuel Funny Garage Gas Hall HalloweenHere Know Later Lock Lonely Minutes Night Noise Open
Uno, unaTener cuidadoLlamarCarroRegresarEsquinaCondeCampo/ paísOscuro-aPuertaPocoCongeladoRecepciónCombustibleChistoso, graciosoGarage/tallerGasolinaPasilloFiesta de brujasAquíSaber, conocerMás tardeCerrar con seguroSolitario-aMinutosNocheRuidoAbrir
180
Inglés Básico
Outside Party Put Road StayScareStory Teeth Today TowelVacation Very With Wrong
AfueraFiestaColocarCaminoQuedarseAsustarCuentoDientesHoyToallaVacaciónMuyConEquivocación, problema
Self – evaluation / Autoevaluación
A.- Answer the following questions. Use complete answers.
(Conteste las siguientes preguntas. Use respuestas completas)
Example:
What time did María get up this morning?
She got up at six o’clock this morning.
1. Did José have eggs for breakfast?
2. Did you go to school last week?
3. What did they play yesterday?
4. Did your father watch TV last night?
181
Inglés Básico
B. Read (Lea)
Last night Carol stayed at home. She read a novel until 12 P.M. It was
late and she was tired so she went to bed. In the morning she got up
early, at 7 a.m. she watched TV for 15 minutes. Then she had juice,
coffee, bread, and cheese at home. It was Saturday and schools are
closed on Saturdays. At 8 a.m. she went to the library. Carol is a good
student.
Write true or false. If you write false, write the true information.
(Escriba verdadero o falso. Si escribes falso, suministra la información
verdadera)
Example:
F Carol was in the library yesterday evening.
Carol stayed at home yesterday evening.
1. She read a novel yesterday.
2. She went to sleep last night about 10 p.m.
3. Today she had coffee and juice at school.
4. She went to the library in the morning.
5. She watched TV today for two hours.
182
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
A.-
1. Yes, he had eggs for breakfast.
No, he didn’t have eggs for breakfast.
2. Yes, I went to school last week
No, I didn’t go to school last week.
3. They played (baseball) yesterday.
4. Yes, he watched TV last night.
No, he didn’t watch TV last night.
B.
1.T
183
Inglés Básico
2. F
She went to sleep last night about 12 p.m.
3.F
She had coffee and juice at home.
4.T
5.F
She watched TV today for 15 minutes
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
184
Inglés Básico
Write a 10 line paragraph about a what you did yesterday.
( Escribe un párrafo de diez (10) líneas.
185
Inglés Básico
Prueba de revision final
Unidades I al X
I. Arrange the following sentences. (Organice las oraciones siguientes)
Example:
186
Inglés Básico
at – at – 3 o’clock – she – ten – is – usually – home
She usually is at home at three o’clock.
1) in – August – takes – always – vacation – she
___________________________________________________________
2) an – has – Helen – to – wear – uniform
___________________________________________________________
3) she – English- everyday – work – practices – at
___________________________________________________________
4) the – working – is – in – office – the – secretary
___________________________________________________________
II.
Read about Richard Gere and Cindy Crawford, then write the answers of the
following questions. (Lea acerca de Richard Gere y Cindy Crawford, luego
escriba las respuestas a las siguientes preguntas)
187
Inglés Básico
Example:
What does Richard Gere do?
He’s an actor.
1. What does Cindy Crawford do?
_____________________________________________________________
2. Name some of his films.
_____________________________________________________________
3. Are they married?
_____________________________________________________________
4. Where do they live?
_____________________________________________________________
III. Answer the following questions. (Conteste las siguientes
preguntas)
Example:
Do you go to the beach every weekend?
No, I don’t. / Yes, I do.
1. Does Alice write books?
_____________________________________________________________
2. Do they usually eat in a restaurant?
_____________________________________________________________
3. Does he eat chicken everyday?
_____________________________________________________________
4. Did he work in the office yesterday?
_____________________________________________________________
5. Did you go to school last week?
_____________________________________________________________
188
Inglés Básico
6. Are you a good student?
_____________________________________________________________
7. Is Merly a nurse?
_____________________________________________________________
8. What are you doing?
_____________________________________________________________
9. Are you studying English?
_____________________________________________________________
IV. Change to question the following sentences. (Cambie a pregunta las
siguientes oraciones)
Example:
I was born in 1961
When were you born?
1. She plays tennis every Saturday.
_____________________________________________________________
2. They worked late last night.
_____________________________________________________________
3. He is going to school.
_____________________________________________________________
4. They are cleaning the office.
_____________________________________________________________
V. Look at the map, then answer the following question: How can I get to
the Police Station?
189
Inglés Básico
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
190
Inglés Básico
Clave de respuesta de la prueba de
revisión final
Part I
1. She always takes vacations in August
191
Inglés Básico
2. Helen has to wear a uniform
3. She practices English at work everyday
4. The secretary is working in the office
Part II
1. She is an actress
2. Pretty woman, Yanks, etc.
3. Yes, they are
4. They live in USA
Part III
1. Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
2. Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
3. Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
4. Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
5. Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
6. Yes, I am. No, I am not.
7. Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
8. I’m studying, playing…..
9. Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Part IV
1. Does she play tennis everyday?
2. Did they work late last night?
3. Where he is going?
4. What are they cleaning?
Part V
192
Inglés Básico
Go straight ahead Washington Street. On the second block turn right to Third
Avenue. Walk down Third Avenue, then turn left on the second block to
Lincoln Street. The Police Station is on the right.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
193
Inglés Básico
- BADALAMENTI V, HENNER Stanchina, C. (2000), Grammar Dimensions, form, meaning and use. Heinle & Heinle.
- DU VIVIER, M, HOPKINS, A, POTTER J. (1994), Look Ahead, Teacher`s Book 1
- MAURER, J, SCHOENBERG J. (1999), True Colors Basic, Teacher`s Editor.
- MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN DE ADULTOS (1994), INGLES, 7° semestre, Caracas
- MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN DE ADULTOS (1994), INGLES, 8° semestre, Caracas
- MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN DE ADULTOS (1994), INGLES, 9° semestre, Caracas
- _________________ (S/F) Spectrum 1, Student Book, Prentice Hall Regents.
- VINEY P, VINEY K, REIN D. (1993), Main Street, Student Book 1, Oxford University Press.
- VINEY P, VINEY K, REIN D. (1993), Main Street Student Book 2.
194
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