Parte 2 de inglés básico

8/18/2019 Parte 2 de inglés básico

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Hails = granizo

Fall=otoño

Introduction

In English, the present continuous tense describes temporary situations and actions that arehappening now (the moment of speaking).

The present continuous : I am reading .

Form

Present continuous - afrmative

Verb "to be" in the present tense + base form of the verb '-ing':

Singular Plural

I am read ing we are read ing

you are read ing you are read in

she/he/it is read ing they are read in

• I am painting.

• He is playing the piano .

• They are reading.

For base forms that end with 'e', remove the 'e' before adding '-ing':

• write I am writing

• take she is taking

To ma e senten!es less formal, we use !ontra!tions:

• I am reading I !m reading

• you are reading you !re walking

• he"she"it is reading he"she"it !s working

• we are talking we !re talking


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• they are watching they !re watching

Present continuous - negative

Verb "to be" in the present tense + not + base form of the verb'-ing':

Singular Plural

I am not read ing we are not read

you are not read ing you are not rea

she/he/it is not read ing they are not re

• I am not eating.

•

#erry is not talking on the telephone.• $aura and I are not taking the afternoon train.

To ma e negative senten!es less formal, we use !ontra!tions:

• I am not reading I !m not reading

• you are not walking you aren!t walking or you !re not walking

• he"she"it is working he"she"it isn!t working or he"she"it !s not working

• we are not talking we aren!t talking or we !re not talking

• they are not watching they aren!t watching or they !re not watching

Use

se to tal about an a!tion happening at the moment ofspea ing:

• I!m playing tennis.

• #essica and %ark aren!t coming to the meeting.

• It is raining outside.

se for an a!tion happening in the present but not at themoment of spea ing:

• He !s taking &panish classes in the e'ening.

• I!m reading Moby Dick.


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Introduction

In English the present continuous tense describes temporary situations and actions that takeplace at the moment of speaking.

Present continuous : re you reading

Form

Present continuous afrmative questions = verb "to be" in the presenttense + subject + verb '-ing':

S#$% & ( ) * person P& ( & ) peopl

Am !or ing# Are !e !or ing#

Are $ou !or ing# Are $ou !or ing

s he%she%it !or ing# Are the$ !or ing#

• m I doing this right

• Is #ohn playing the trumpet

• re they coming to dinner

*ontractions are not possible.

Present continuous negative questions = verb "to be" in the presenttense + subject + not + verb '-ing':

• re you not eating in the canteen

• Is she not buying a laptop


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*ontractions are possible in present continuous negati'e +uestions, but their use changes theorder of the sentence:

Aren't you writing the memoIsn't she buying a laptop

Use

sed to as about an a!tion happening at the moment ofspea ing or a temporar situation:

• -hat are you doing

• re you watching the news

•

re you li'ing with your sister• ren!t you arri'ing later than usual

--

&o straight ahea' = siga recto

(rafc circle = roton'a

(a e a le)t = girar a la izquier'a

(urn right = 'obla a la 'erecha

make a turn hacer una 'uelta en

Introduction

-e use the imperati'e form to make a re+uest or gi'e an instruction.

/ass me my ticket.

0e on time.

Note : se a +uestion form to make a polite re+uest, or add please.

• *an you pass me my ticket, please

• /lease be on time.


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Form

The imperative is the in.nitive form of a verb without 'to':

• Infiniti'e: to talkImperati'e: Talk to the the waitress about your meal.

• Infiniti'e: to goImperati'e: 1o to work now2

• Infiniti'e: to beImperati'e: 0e there at 3:44 a.m.

• Infiniti'e: to takeImperati'e: Take a coat.

• Infiniti'e: to turn

Imperati'e: Turn the tele'ision off.

To use the imperative in the negative form, we add 'don't' beforethe verb:

• Infiniti'e: to talk5egati'e imperati'e: 6on!t talk during the show.

• Infiniti'e: to go5egati'e imperati'e: 6on!t go outside, it!s raining2

• Infiniti'e: to be

5egati'e imperati'e: 6on!t be late.• Infiniti'e: to turn

5egati'e imperati'e: 6on!t turn the music up.

Use

/e use the imperative to give instru!tions or dire!tions:

• Infiniti'e: to turnImperati'e: Turn right at the end of the corridor.

• Infiniti'e: to goImperati'e: 1o straight to the airport.

• Infiniti'e: to turnImperati'e: Turn off the lights before lea'ing.

/e use the imperative to give an order:


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• Infiniti'e: to runImperati'e: 6on!t run by the pool.

• Infiniti'e: to knockImperati'e: 7nock before entering.

• Infiniti'e: to lea'eImperati'e: $ea'e the room +uietly.

/e use the imperative to ma e an informal o0er:

• Infiniti'e: to ha'eImperati'e: Ha'e a slice of pi88a.

• Infiniti'e: to takeImperati'e: Take my pencil.

/e use the imperative to ma e an e1!lamation:

• Infiniti'e: to lookImperati'e: $ook at the weather2

• Infiniti'e: to smellImperati'e: &mell the flowers2

Situation

Eli8abeth se ha perdido. n hombre +ue pasa por all9 le ayuda a encontrar su camino.

Elizabeth: "Excuse me, can you please tell me where Liberty Street is?"

Man: "Liberty Street...oh yes...go down Trophy Street, which is the irst street on the le t, thencontinue until you reach the second street on the right."

Elizabeth: "Than! you ery much#"

Rules

Para pe'ir in'icaciones

• E cuse me, could you tell me where the closest subway station is

• /ardon me sir, where can I find the %useum of &cience and Industry

• 6o you know where I can rent 6;6s


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• How do I get to


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• I will know the results tomorrow. I!m knowing the results tomorrow. ( &abr' losresulta os mañana.)

el 'simple present'

El !simple present! en ingl?s se puede utili8ar tambi?n para hablar de planes o hechospre'istos en un futuro prA imo.

• -hat time does the meeting finish ( A qu' ora acaba la reunión*)

• Th *hicago %adrid flight arri'es at B4 o!clock in the morning. ( +l vuelo , ica-oMa ri lle-a a las /0 e la mañana .)

ill

$as construcciones con will no se emplean con mucha frecuencia.&e emplean sobre todo para e presar acciones espontCneas +ue hemos decidido en elmomento en el +ue hablamos (acciones no premeditadas), para hacer predicciones o hablarde acciones futuras en el lengua@e formal.

a* Para e presar 'ecisiones espont,neas

&e utili8a muy a menudo en lengua@e oral (para hacer propuestas y promesas).

• *an you send me the document as soon as possible ( Me pue es man ar elocumento lo antes posible*)

• =es, I will send it now by fa . (&"1 te lo 2man ar'3 man o a ora mismo por !a4.)• I will get you some coffee. (5e voy a traer un ca!'.)

• I!ll connect you. ( 6e paso con 'l 7 ella .)

• I!ll ha'e a steak please but I won!t ha'e a dessert. ( 8e ir' un bistec1 pero notomar' postre .)

b* Para hacer pre'icciones

• House prices will go up in the future. (+l precio e la vivien a aumentar9 en el!uturo.)

• It will be worth a fortune in a year or two. ( Val r9 una !ortuna en uno o os años.)

• I!ll probably arri'e late. ( 8ue e que lle-ue tar e. )

c* Para hablar 'e acciones )uturas en el lenguaje )ormal

ill se utili8a mCs a menudo en el registro formal (o escrito) y muy poco en el ingl?s hablado.


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• The /resident will be in Italy this weekend. (+l presi ente estar9 en :talia este !in esemana.)

• -e will release the information ne t week. ( Daremos a conocer la in!ormación lasemana que viene.)

Shall I % we(

Shall I( % Shall we( son e presiones +ue ya no se utili8an con 'alor de futuro pero s9 cone presiones interrogati'as para proponer o sugerir algo.En espaDol e+ui'alen a una pregunta con el 'erbo principal en presente.

• &hall I open the window ( Abro la ventana*).

• &hall I get you a coffee ( 5e voy a buscar un ca!'*).

• &hall we start the meeting ( +mpezamos la reunión*).

one way ticket boleto de ida

round trip ticket boleto de ida y 'uelta

suitcase maleta

Introduction

-e use ! would ! and ! could ! to make polite re+uests.

*ould you please bring me a glass of water-ould you prefer the window or the aisle seat-ould you be able to call me tomorrow

Form

The words !would! and !could! do not change.

oul'

!ould + sub2e!t

• *ould I...


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• *ould you...

• *ould he"she"it...

• *ould we...

• *ould you...

• *ould they...

.oul'

would + sub2e!t

• -ould I...

• -ould you...

• -ould he"she"it...

• -ould we...

• -ould you...

• -ould they...

Use

Polite requests

• *ould you close the door

•

*ould I use your pen• *ould we go to the supermarket before the cinema

• *ould you tell me how to get to the train station

• -ould I be able to help

• -ould you bring me my book, please

• -ould #ohn and &arah like to come with me

• -ould we be able to come

/0ering an' inviting

se 'would' to o0er someone something:

• -ould you like a drink

• -ould you like to go shopping


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se 'would' to invite someone somewhere:

• -ould he like to go to the beach today

• -ould you be interested in coming to my house tonight

.oul' li e

se 'would li e' instead of 'want'3 '/ould li e' is more polite:

• I would like a table for four at :44 pm.

• I would like a cup of tea, please.

!-ould! has a contracted form. -e * 55FT say !it!d!.I!d...=ou!d...He!d"&he!d"It would...

-e!d...=ou!d...They!d...

• They!d like to go home now.

• I!d like some books about the moon, please.

• -e!d like three sandwiches, please.

Situation

&andra goes to the train station to book a train ticket.

Sandra: "$ood a ternoon, I would li!e to buy a return tic!et in second class romLondon to %righton, please."

Clerk: "&hen would you li!e to lea e?"


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Sandra: "Tomorrow morning, i possible. 'nd I would li!e to return on the e ening o(ay )*th, please."

Clerk: "Smo!ing or non+smo!ing?"

Sandra: " on+smo!ing, than! you."

Rules

1eserving a table in a restaurant

You Restaurant host

I would li!e to reser e a table or six people at se eno- cloc!.

course, under what name?

Is it possible to reser e a table or two people at eighto- cloc!?

o, I-m sorry but we-re ully boo!ed.

2oo ing a hotel room

You Receptionist

• !oul' li e to boo a room*• s it possible to boo a room )or

tonight#• Hello3 !oul' li e to boo the

hone$moon suite )or the night o) the 45tho) April*

• !oul' li e a 'ouble room )or the!ee o) 6a$ 47th to the 89th*

• .hat is the price o) a single room#• .hat is the cost )or one night#

• For !hen#• For ho! long#• .oul' $ou li e a single or

'ouble room#• For ho! man$ nights#• .oul' $ou li e brea )ast

inclu'e'#

• an $ou please con:rm $ourreservation b$ either )a or e-mail#

2oo ing a plane tic et

You Ticket agent


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• !oul' li e to boo a tic et to6anchester3 please*

• !oul' li e a roun'-trip tic et )rom;on'on to


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1egular verbs

To form the past simple, add E-e'E to the base form:

Singular Plural

I coo!ed we coo!ed

you coo!ed you coo!ed

she/he/it coo!ed they coo!ed

• -e watched T; last night.

• The mo'ie started late.

• It rained yesterday.

• /eter and Tom worked on the train.

#f the verb ends in 'e' , add 'd':

• arri'e They arri'e d late to the meeting.

• sha'e #oe sha'e d this morning.

#f the verb ends in ' ', remove the ' Eand add '-ied':

• study The teenagers stud ied for the e am.

• carry I carr ied my luggage to the hotel room.

#f the verb ends in vowel + a !onsonant, the !onsonant at theend is doubled:

• stop The car sto pped at the red light.

• plan -e pla nned a party.

• wrap &he wra pped the children!s presents for *hristmas.

Uses

/e use the past simple to des!ribe a .nished a!tion in the past:

• I baked a cake yesterday .

• They 'isited a museum in 5ew =ork last week .

• 0ill li'ed in $ondon for three years .

• I started a new @ob last year .


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• %ary and I played soccer on the weekend .

• The play finished at BB:44 p.m .

• I cried when I watched the mo'ie last night .

Introduction

-e use the simple past to talk about past e'ents. -hen we use the negati'e form, we talkabout what did not take place:

I did not open my birthday card.He did not "inish until late last night.-e did not in#ite 0ill to the party.

Form

To ma e the negative simple past, use E'i' notE + the base )orm@

S#$% & ( ) * person P& ( & ) people

'i' not coo !e 'i' not coo

$ou 'i' not coo $ou 'i' not coo

he3 she3it

'i' not coo the$ 'i' not coo

• They did not study for the dri'er!s e am.

• &arah did not go to meeting.

•

-e did not read the email.• =ou did not follow the rules.

To ma e negative senten!es less formal, we use !ontra!tions:

did + not = didn't

• I did not work. " I didn!t work.


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• #oe did not eat the dessert. " #oe didn!t eat the dessert.

• %ary and I did not take the bus to work. " %ary and I didn!t take the bus to work.

Use

/e use the negative simple past to tal about things that didnot happen3

• I did not tra#el by airplane.

• He did not pay for the ticket.

• &he did not wor$ last night.

• They did not wash the dishes after dinner.

Introduction

To put regular 'erbs in the past simple, add ! ed! to the end. Irregular 'erbs do not end in ! ed!in the past simple, but change in different ways.

I bit the apple.&he bought milk at the store.

They told us a story.

Form

(o be

Singular Plural

I was we wereyou were you were

she/he/it was they were

• I was late to work today.

• =ou were on 'acation last month during the meeting.


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• $ily was sick yesterday.

• 5ancy and I were the first ones at work today.

• %arcus and -ill were in &pain last week.

/ther common irregular verbs

Base form past simple

eatgosee

buyta!e

beginha etell

atewentsaw

boughttoo!

beganhadtold

• eat I ate my breakfast at home this morning.

• go They went to the hospital to see the baby.

• see I saw the mo'ie last week.

• buy &he bought a new dress for the party.

• ta$e He took a slice of cake.

• begin I began my new @ob last %onday.

• ha#e They had a great trip.

• tell &he told me a story.

Use

/e use the past simple to tal about a!tions in the past:

• The mo'ie began at G:44 p.m.

• I took a large suitcase on 'acation for my sou'enirs.

• -e ate dinner in a restaurant yesterday for my birthday.

• &he went to the supermarket last week.

Documents

Parte 2 de inglés básico