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Inglés 4
Clemente Mora González Jefe del Departamentode Fomento Editorial
Leticia Mejia GarcíaCoordinadora de Fomento Editorial
Ulises Ramírez HernándezCoordinador de Diseño Gráfico
Miguel Antonio González VidalesGestión Administrativa
Mayra Guzmán GallegoDiseño Gráfico
DIRECCIÓN GENERALAv. Panamá #199 Esquina con Buenos Aires.Col. Cuauhtémoc SurTels. 01 (686) 9 05 56 00 al 08
Correo Electrónico: [email protected]ágina Web: www.cecytebc.edu.mx
CICLO ESCOLAR 2012-1Prohibida la reproducción total o parcialde esta obra incluido el diseño tipográficoy de portada por cualquier medio,electrónico o mecánico, sin el consentimientopor escrito del editor.
GESTIÓNDITORIAL
Nota:
Al personal Docente interesado en enriquecer el contenido del presente documento, le agradeceremos hacernos llegar sus comentarios o aportacionesa los siguientes correos:
[email protected]@cecytebc.edu.mx
José Guadalupe Osuna MillánGobernador del Estado
de Baja California
Javier Santillán PérezSecretario de Educación
y Bienestar Social del Estado
CECYTE BC
Adrian Flores LedesmaDirector General
Jesús Gómez EspinozaDirector Académico
Ricardo Vargas RamírezDirector de Administración y Finanzas
Olga Patricia Romero CázaresDirectora de Planeación
Argentina López BuenoDirectora de Vinculación
Ángela Aldana TorresJefe del Departamento de Evaluación Académica
MUNICIPIO DE MEXICALI
Cristina de los Ángeles Cardona RamírezDirectora del Plantel Los Pinos
Laura Gómez RodríguezEncargada del Plantel San Felipe
Carlos Zamora SerranoDirector del Plantel Bella Vista
Jesús Ramón Salazar TrillasDirector del Plantel Xochimilco
Rodolfo Rodríguez GuillénDirector del Plantel Compuertas
Abraham Limón CampañaDirector del Plantel Misiones
Francisco Javier Cabanillas GarcíaDirector del Plantel Guadalupe Victoria
Román Reynoso CervantesDirector del Plantel Vicente Guerrero
MUNICIPIO DE TIJUANA
Martha Xóchitl López FélixDirectora del Plantel El Florido
María de los Ángeles Martínez VillegasDirectora del Plantel Las Águilas
Amelia Vélez MárquezDirectora del Plantel Villa del Sol
Bertha Alicia Sandoval FrancoDirectora del Plantel Cachanilla
Rigoberto Gerónimo González RamosDirector del Plantel Zona Río
Jorge Ernesto Torres MorenoDirector del Plantel El Niño
Joel Chacón RodríguezDirector del Plantel El Pacífico
Efraín Castillo SarabiaDirector del Plantel Playas de Tijuana
Benito Andrés Chagoya MorteraDirector del Plantel Altiplano
Juan Martín Alcibia MartínezDirector del Plantel La Presa
MUNICIPIO DE ENSENADA
Alejandro Mungarro JacintoDirector del Plantel Ensenada
Emilio Rios MaciasDirector del Plantel San Quintín
MUNICIPIO DE ROSARITO
Manuel Ignacio Cota MezaDirector del Plantel Primo Tapia
Héctor Rafael Castillo BarbaDirector del Plantel Rosarito Bicentenario
MUNICIPIO DE TECATE
Christopher Díaz RiveraEncargado del Plantel Tecate
Dir
ecto
rio
MENSAJE DEL GOBERNADOR DEL ESTADO
Jóvenes Estudiantes de CECYTE BC: La educación es un valuarte que deben apreciar durante su estancia en el Colegio de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos del Estado de Baja California, dado la formación y calidad educativa que les ofrece la Institución y sus maestros.
Por ello, asuman el compromiso que el Gobierno del Estado hace para brindarles educación media superior, a fin de que en lo futuro tengan mejores satisfacciones de vida, y se conviertan en impulsores y promotores del crecimiento exitoso, con la visión que tiene nuestra entidad en el plano nacional.
Esta administración tiene como objetivo crear espacios y condiciones apropiadas para que en un futuro inmediato, el campo laboral tenga profesionistas técnicos de acuerdo al perfil de la industria que cada día arriba a nuestra entidad; por lo que los invito a ser mejores en sus estudios, en su familia y en su comunidad.
En ustedes se deposita la semilla del esfuerzo y dedicación que caracteriza a los bajacalifonianos. Son el estandarte generacional que habrá de marcar la pauta de nuestro desarrollo.Como Gobierno del Estado, compartimos el reto de ser formadores de los futuros profesionistas técnicos que saldrán del CECYTE BC.
Unamos esfuerzos, Gobierno, Sociedad, Maestros y Alumnos, para brindar y recibir una mejor educación en Baja California, ser punta de desarrollo humano, crecimiento industrial y económico, y factor importante del progreso de México.
MENSAJE DEL SECRETARIO DE EDUCACIÓN
Alumno de CECYTE BC:
La educación es una herramienta que aumenta tus oportunidades de desarrollo personal, y permite ampliar tu horizonte de posibilidades de progreso económico y social.
Bajo esa perspectiva, el Gobierno del Estado de Baja California asume con responsabilidad su compromiso con los jóvenes en la tarea de crear espacios educativos en el nivel medio superior, y ofrecerles programas de estudios tecnológicos que les permitan integrarse con competencia a fuentes de trabajo y/o continuar estudios superiores.
El Colegio de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos del Estado de Baja California, es un ejemplo de lo anterior. En las escuelas de esta Institución, los estudiantes pueden encontrar el camino de la superación, y el apoyo para alcanzar las metas que visualizan para forjar su futuro.
Entre esos apoyos se encuentran la publicación y entrega de este material educativo, que el CECYTE BC distribuye, con el objetivo de que lo utilices en beneficio de tus estudios.
La tarea que han desarrollado maestros, alumnos y autoridades aducativas en torno a CECYTE BC, han convertido a esta Institución en un modelo para la formación de generaciones de profesionistas técnicos que demanda el sector productivo que se asienta en la región.
Además de eso, el Colegio se ha destacado por alentar el acercamiento de los padres de familia con la escuela, como una acción tendiente a fortalecer los vínculos que deben existir entre ellos, los docentes y administrativos en el proceso educativo, por ser esta, una responsabilidad compartida.
Por todo esto, te felicito por realizar tus estudios en un plantel del CECYTE BC. Te exhorto a valorar este esfuerzo que hace la sociedad a través de la Administración Estatal, y a que utilices con pertinencia los materiales que se te otorgan para apoyar tu formación profesional.
Adrian Flores Ledesma DIRECTOR GENERAL DEL CECYTE BC
Atentamente
PRESENTACIÓN
El libro que tienes en tus manos representa un importante esfuerzo del Colegio de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos del Estado de Baja California, que a través de sus academias de profesores te proporciona material de calidad para el estudio de las distintas asignaturas que cursarás en tu preparación como Bachiller Técnico.
Los contenidos corresponden a los programas establecidos para cada una de las asignaturas de acuerdo a la reforma integral de la educación media superior, y enriquecidos por las competencias comunes del Sistema Nacional de Bachillerato.
Este ejemplar, encierra conocimientos, aprendizaje, análisis y habilidades que deberás de poner en práctica en tu vida diaria, convertida en una acción educativa más, que el Colegio te ofrece para obtener una mejor formación académica.
Te invitamos a que valores y obtengas el mayor provecho a esta obra, que fue diseñada especialmente para lo más preciado del Colegio: sus Alumnos.
gradecimiento
Un especial agradecimiento a los Docentes y Administrativos de CECYTE BC, que colaboraron e hicieron posible la edición de estas Guías de Aprendizaje Básicas y Material Didáctico.
El Colegio
• MANUAL DE QUÍMICA II •Mario Báez VázquezASESOR ACADÉMICO DEL DIRECTOR GENERAL DEL CECYTEBC
• GEOMETRÍA Y TRIGONOMETRÍA •Andrés Sarabia LeyCOORDINADOR DE FORMACIÓN PROPEDÉUTICA, D.G.Andrés Aguilar MeztaDOCENTE DEL PLANTEL XOCHIMILCO
• INGLÉS 2 •Mauro Alberto Ochoa SolanoAlonso Palominos TapiaBertha Alicia Canceco JaimeAlejandra AgúndezDOCENTES DEL PLANTEL ENSENADA
• QUÍMICA 2 •Saúl Torres AcuñaAgustín Valle RuelasDOCENTES DEL PLANTEL XOCHIMILCO
• LECTURA, EXPRESIÓN ORAL Y ESCRITA 2 •María Guadalupe Valdivia MartínezDOCENTE DEL PLANTEL COMPUERTASMaría Elena Padilla GodoyCOORDINADORA DE FORMACIÓN VALORAL, D.G.
María Trinidad Salas LeyvaCAPTURISTA DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE DOCENCIA, D.G.Lina Rodríguez EscárpitaENCARGADA DEL GRUPO OVIEDO MOTA
• CÁLCULO • Silvia Elisa Inzunza Ornelas Manuel Norberto Quiroz Ortega Javier Iribe Mendoza María Del Carmen Equihua Quiñonez Alvaro Soto Escalante María Guadalupe Bañuelos Cisneros DOCENTES DEL PLANTEL BELLAVISTA
• INGLÉS 4 • Adriana Cera MoralesDOCENTE DEL GRUPO PORTALESVerónica Murillo EsquiviasDOCENTE DEL PLANTEL COMPUERTASManuel Arvizu Ruíz Joaquín Alberto Pineda Martínez Lina Roxana Cárdenas MezaJuan Olmeda González Juliana Camacho CamachoDOCENTES DEL PLANTEL BELLAVISTA
• FÍSICA I • Andrés Sarabia LeyCOORDINADOR DE FORMACIÓN PROPEDÉUTICA, D.G. Juan Francisco Cuevas Negrete Silvia Elisa Inzunza Ornelas Manuel Norberto Quiroz Ortega Javier Iribe Mendoza María Del Carmen Equihua Quiñonez Alvaro Soto Escalante María Guadalupe Bañuelos Cisneros DOCENTES DEL PLANTEL BELLAVISTA
• ECOLOGÍA • Aidé Aracely Pedraza MendozaClara Angélica Rodríguez SánchezDOCENTES DEL PLANTEL COMPUERTASGloria Mosqueda Contreras Sulma Loreto Lagarda LagardaPetra Cantoral Gómez Eva Pérez Vargas DOCENTES DEL PLANTEL BELLAVISTA
• MATEMÁTICAS APLICADA • Manuel Norberto Quiroz OrtegaSilvia Elisa Inzunza OrnelasDOCENTES DEL PLANTEL BELLAVISTA Eloísa Morales CollínIsmael Castillo OrtízDOCENTES DEL PLANTEL COMPUERTAS
• BIOQUÍMICA • José Manuel SotoDOCENTE DEL GRUPO PORTALESAidé Araceli Pedraza MendozaDOCENTE DEL PLANTEL COMPUERTAS Alejandra MachucaCristina FélixDOCENTES DEL PLANTEL MISIONESEnid Quezada MatusSergio Alberto Seym GuzmánDOCENTES DEL GRUPO CENTENARIO
Alberto Caro EspinoJEFE DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE DOCENCIADenisse Samaniego ApodacaRESPONSABLE DE FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL
SEGUNDO SEMESTRE
CUARTO SEMESTRE
SEXTO SEMESTRE
COORDINACIÓN Y REVISIÓN ACADÉMICA
3
Index
Welcome, Teacher
………………….. 5
Welcome, Student
………………….. 6
Unit One
Describing Actions that have/had occurred
• Present Perfect
• Past Perfect
………………….
………………….
………………….
8
9
18
Unit Two
English Spoken Here
• Passive Voice
• Tag questions
…………………..
…………………..
…………………..
24
26
32
Unit Three
The People Who Love Me
• Relative Clauses
• Comparatives with adjectives
• Indefinite pronouns
…………………..
…………………..
…………………..
…………………..
41
53
55
58
4
5
Dear Teacher,
It is our aim that with this English Guide IV, the learning experience will be an enjoyable and rewarding one both for you and your students. In the present curriculum, your role is to guide and facilitate learners to become more independent, and to gain the ability to reflect and construct knowledge, not only to become competent in English, but also competent learners.
English Guide IV adopts the principles of experiential learning, in which students are exposed to real life communication and have opportunities to analyze and make sense of them, with the guidance of their teacher.
We recommend that if you don’t have enough time to finish the exercises in class, ask your students to do them at home. Follow these tips:
Variety: Change games and activities regularly.
Repeat and check: Check the content as a regular feedback. Do it at the beginning and at the end of your class.
Never: Tell students that they have failed or that they are the worst students you have ever taught to.
Elaborate: your own material, include puppets, drawings, bingoes, pictionaries, magazines, etc. Surprise your students taking an odd object or an amazing activity that could raise curiosity among them.
Avoid: The abuse of abstract concepts, they can be confusing. Use simple things according to the level of students.
Reaffirm: PLEASE and THANK YOU at any moment. Be positive and polite to your class, a friendly atmosphere between teachers students is the more adequate for learning to take place.
Involve: Always shy students in activities and games.
When you are writing on the whiteboard keep eye contact and talking with your students.
The authors
6
Dear Student
Welcome to English!
With English Guide IV you will continue to learn to use English in a variety of situations with native and non-native speakers and participate in “social practices” of language.
In the Self evaluation section you have opportunities to evaluate how are you doing and when you need more practice.
The verb lists at the end of the book will help you in grammar exercises.
Do your own pictionary. Use it to learn and record new vocabulary and learn new ways to remember it. In this part you will write all the words that you want to learn with your own definition to each one.
Collect the written work you do during the semester. Use this material to reflect on your progress and improve your work.
It is important to practice English outside of the classroom. Chat in English with people from other countries, watch TV, listen to music and read lyrics or read stories in English that you really like and enjoy.
The authors
7
8
Students will be able to distinguish when actions happened .
In this unit you will learn to:
Express , discuss actions that have/had occurred around you.
UNIT I
Describing Actions that have/had occurred
PRESENT AND PAST PERFECT
Unit Purpose
Social Practices
Moral Value Punctuality Is the characteristic of being able to complete a required task or fulfill an obligation before or at a previously-designated time.
W
thha
I (A WT 1
2
3
I I
What is the
The phe past. Thappen once
Examhave learne
Action starte
When do wehe present
. We often Exam
. We also u
Exam
. We use thcontinues
Exam
have studie
have studie
present pe
present pehe action cae more in th
mples: ed many th
ed in the pa
e use the pperfect ten
use the premple:
He has livThey haveHave you
use the presmple:
I have bou
he present in the pres
mple:
ed English f
ed English s
erfect tens
erfect tensean or cannhe future.
ings in my
ast and has
present pense always
esent perfec
ved in Spainen’t eaten ever been
sent perfec
ught a car.
perfect to tsent, in this
for three ye
since June
PRES
se?
e describesot be finish
lifetime.
s continued
rfect tensehas a conn
ct to talk ab
n.
in New Yo
ct to speak a
talk about ause we us
ears.
.
9
ENT PER
s actions thhed. It may
d up to now
e? nection with
bout experie
Th I h
rk? I h
about a cha
In No
a continuingually utilize
The situa
The situ
RFECT
hat happeny still be in
and will co
h the past a
ences from
he event wahave a memhave experi
ange or new
my past I dow I have a
g situation.e for and sin
ation started
ation contin
ned at somen progress
ontinue into
and with the
m the past.
as in the pamory of the ience of it.
w informatio
didn’t have a car.
This eventnce.
d in the pas
nues in the
e undetermor may be
the future.
e present.
ast. event.
on.
a car.
t began in t
st.
present.
mined time expected t
)
the past an
in to
nd
10
GRAMMAR Affirmative sentences
Subject Auxiliary verb have/has
Past participle Verb*
Complement
I Have eaten ants. He She Has seen whales.
It We You Have finished the school. They
Negative sentences Subject Auxiliary verb
have/has + not Past participle
Verb* Complement
I have not / haven’t eaten ants. He She has not / hasn’t seen whales.
It We You have not / haven’t finished the school. They
Interrogative Auxiliary verb
have/has Subject Past participle
Verb* Complement
Have I eaten ants? He
Has She seen whales? It
We Have You finished the school?
They Short answers
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Yes, I have No, I haven’t Yes, he has No, he hasn’t Yes, she has No, she hasn’t Yes, It has No, it hasn’t
Yes, you have No, you haven’t Yes, we have No, we haven’t
Yes, they have No, they haven’t
W
*PTsairrco Pwrose sedobuamslla
When we us
PAST PARhe past parame as theregular pasommon ver
resent Pwalk woll roeem s
ee so duy bm wlay s
ay l
I have
He has She has It has
We have
They have
You have
CONTRAC
se the prese
RTICIPLE Vrticiple is us
e past tensest participlerbs:
Past Pwalked wolled ro
seemed s
saw sdid dbought bwas bslayed said la
I've
He's She's It's
We've
They've
You’ve
CTIONS WIT
ent perfect
H
VERB sed to forme form, but s must be
Past Participwalked olled seemed
seen done bought been lain aid
TH THE PRE
tense, we u
Here are so
m all the perirregular velearned. L
ple Regula
Irre
11
ESENT PER
usually con
ome examp• I'v• Jo• T
rfect tenseserbs have aet's look at
ar verbs
egular verbs
RFECT TENS
tract the su
ples: ve finished ohn's seen hey've gon
s. For regua different t some exa
s
SE
ubject and t
my work. ET. e home.
ular verbs, tform of themples of pa
the auxiliary
the past pae past particast particip
y verb.
rticiple is thciple. Thesles for som
he se
me
W
W
W
W
Wor
W
It
It
We use FOR
We use SINC
We use JUS
We use YET
We use NEVriginally a c
We use EVE
is also use
is also use
TIME EX
R to expres
I ha
CE to state
He
ST and ALR
T in questio
Ha
Yo
VER to expcontraction
ER when th
Have you
ed with noth
Nobody h
ed for first e
This is the
XPRESSIO
s duration.
ave known
e a starting
e hasn't bee
READY in a
He has
ns and neg
as Tommy f
ou haven't t
ress that thof “not eve
I ha
Ha
e specific t
ever met
hing, nobod
has ever tra
experiences
e first time
ONS USE
Example:
Pamela fo
point.
en to Japan
affirmative s
s already d
gations.
fixed the ca
traveled to
he subject hr”, It can be
ave never
ave you nev
ime is unkn
a famous p
dy for things
aveled throu
s.
I’ve ever ea
12
ED WITH
or eleven ye
n since 199
sentences.
done his ho
ar yet?
Miami yet.
hasn’t had ae used in ne
been in Eg
ver played s
nown or unn
person?
s that haven
ugh time.
aten ant’s
THE PRE
ears
98.
mework.
a certain exegative que
ypt.
soccer?
necessary,
n’t happene
ESENT PE
xperience bestions.
and is use
ed before.
ERFECT
before. Nev
d in questio
s
ver is
ons,
soup.
A 2.3.6.8.9.10111213
ACROSS
. Bring
. Cut
. Hear
. Begin
. Meet 0. Hold 1. Misunder2. Pay 3. Spend
PAST P
Fill in the
Fo
1. W 4. F 5. S 7. D 8. B 10.
rstand 11.
PARTICIP
e puzzle witor example
D
Write Forget See Drive Build
Have Mean
PLE VERB
h the past pDRIVE = D
DOWN
13
BS EXER
participles oDRIVEN
CISE
of the verbss below:
L
2
5 6(b 7 8 9 10
et's practic
. He _____
. ________
. This is mybe)
. I _______
. ________
. His best fr
0. Paul ___
ce using th
_________
3. W 4. I _store
__ you ever
y husband.
__________
___ she ___
riend _____
__________ (not / fly
he present
1. I _____
down that h
What ______
__________e. (buy)
r _______ t
We ______
_____ in Bo
_________
_________
(not / g
______ to Ly)
Et perfect te
__________
hill 13 times
___ you ___
__________
to China?
_________
oston since
___ to Peru?
________ to
o)
London.
14
EXERCISESense, comp
____ on this
s in the pas
_______? (d
_ so much s
(be)
_______ ma
e 2006. (liv
? (travel)
o Canada.
S plete the fo
s park man
st 9 minutes
do)
shoes in my
arried for 1
ve)
ollowing se
ny times. (w
s! (roll
y lifetime th
1 years.
entences.
walk)
l)
hat I could oopen a
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
) I haven't be
) Larry has w
)I have know
) It has raine
) They have
. Have you _
. I have ____
. That’s the s
. He is proba
. If you have
Find the PERFECT
Kate : Ha
Sophie: NKate: Yes
consultan
Sophie: TBuilding?
Kate: No,
so hard. T
Fill in the
een to Lucy'
worked in the
wn her _____
ed ________
been marrie
Fill in the
_________ e
_______ be
smallest car
ably the mos
e _________
mistakes iT
as you ever
New York?
s, she have
ncy work the
That sound
, I hasn’t ye
Though I ha
blanks wit
s house ___
e bank ____
______ I wa
____ more th
ed ________
blanks with
eaten snake
en to Paris.
r I have ____
st fascinating
__ felt or kno
in the follo
r was to New
No I's neve
e. In fact I've
ere and I's
s fabulous.
et. I haven't
as have din
th since or
_________ J
_______ ten
as five.
han four day
____ 1997.
h ever or ne
e?
____ seen.
g man I have
own real love
15
owing conv
w York?
er been the
e just came
spent at lea
. Have you
t took the fe
nner at Sard
r for.
July.
years.
ys.
ever.
e _______ m
e, you aren’t
versation in
ere. Have yo
e back from
ast six wee
went up to
erry to Ellis
di's and I’ve
met.
t alive.
n the use o
ou?
m there. I'm
ks there in
the top of t
Island eithe
e seen a Br
of the PRE
doing som
the last yea
the Empire
er. I've just
roadway sh
ESENT
e
ar.
State
had to wor
ow.
rk
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
1.
__
2.
__
3.
__
4.
__
5.
__
Fill
1) I
) A: Where is
B: He has _
) Have you s
) I don’t wan
) Although th
) Look! He h
. (you ever
__________
. (you / read
__________
. (you / live /
__________
. (How many
__________
. (you ever /
__________
l in the blan
I want to pla
s Taner?
__________
seen the new
nt to eat anyt
hey’re playin
has _______
Practice: words in p
Example:
/ travel / to S
__________
d / any Englis
__________
/ in this town
__________
y times / you
__________
/ speak / to a
__________
nks with jus
y Xbox, but
_ arrived. He
w film of Ang
thing. I’ve __
ng very well,
____crashed
You are ask
parentheses
(you ever/ b
South Ameri
___________
sh novels?)
___________
n all your life
___________
u / be / in lov
___________
a famous pe
___________
st, already o
I haven’t fin
e is in the ba
gelina Jolie _
__________
they haven
d that bus.
king someon
to make you
be / in China
ica?)
__________
__________
e?)
__________
ve?)
__________
erson?)
__________
16
or yet.
ished writing
athroom.
__________
_eaten.
’t scored a g
ne about thin
ur questions
a?) Have yo
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
g the sales r
_?
goal _______
ngs he or sh
s.
ou ever bee
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
report _____
___.
e has done
n in China?
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
_______.
in his or her
?
___?
___?
___?
___?
__?
r life. Use thee
W
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Write short
Have your p
Has the bab
Have Jim an
Has he had
Have they ca
Has Sarah re
Have you re
Has she left
Has the Pres
answers t
arents ever
y slept?.....
nd you calle
dinner yet..
alled me....
ead that bo
ad Romeo
school?....
sident visite
o the ques
r visited you
.................
ed your fath
..................
.................
ook.............
and Juliet?
.................
ed any Afric
stions
ur new offic
.................
hers?..........
..................
.................
.................
?.................
..................
can countrie
17
ce?.........Ye
............ No
...............Ye
.............. No
.............Ye
............ No
..............Ye
............. No
es?..........Y
es, they ha
o, ________
es, ______
o, _______
s, _______
o, ________
es, _______
o, ________
Yes, ______
ave / No, th
______
_______
_______
_______
______
_______
_______
_______
hey haven'tt
fin
pa
E
E
th
E
I
(M
S
(M
It is anished.
The Past. It can a
xamples:
• I had
• I did n
The p
xamples:
Becauhe auxiliary
xamples:
had studie
Main verb: S
he had wr
Main verb: W
a verb tens
Past Perfecalso show t
worked wit
1st actio
not have an
2nd action
past perfect
I ha
She
use the paverb. Let’s
ed.
Studied; au
itten a lette
Written; aux
se that ind
ct expressehat someth
th a doctor
on
ny money b
n
t is formed
ad studied.
e had written
st perfect is review the
uxiliary verb
er to Mayra
xiliary verb
PA
dicates one
es the ideahing happen
before I wo
because I ha
1st a
by combini
n a letter to
is a compoe previous e
b: had)
a.
: had)
18
AST PERFE
e action wa
a that somened before
orked in this
2nd acti
ad lost my
action
ng the auxi
Mayra.
ound tense,examples.
ECT
as finished
ething occua specific t
s office.
ion
wallet.
iliary verb "
, two verbs
in the pas
urred beforetime in the p
had" with th
s are requir
st, before a
e another apast.
he past par
red: the ma
another wa
action in th
rticiple.
ain verb an
as
he
nd
ac
E
W
st
E
The pction.
xample:
When the p
This itated; it can
xample:
past perfec
arents arri
dea of a pn be implied
ct tense is
ived, the c
past action d.
Juan had
Juan had
used whe
hildren ha
being com
d closed th
d closed th
19
en a past a
d already e
mpleted befo
he window
he window
action was
eaten.
ore anothe
w before lea
w.
completed
r past actio
aving.
d prior to a
on need no
another pa
ot always b
st
be
AS
N
S
In
H S
Affirmative ubject
Negative
ubject
nterrogativ
Had
hort answ
ve
ers
AFFIRMAYes, I h
Yes, he Yes, sheYes, It
Yes, youYes, we
Yes, they
Affirma
I had g
You ha
He ha
She ha
It had
We ha
You ha
They h
Had
had
Sub
ATIVE had had
e had had
u had had y had
ative
gone
ad gone
d gone
ad gone
gone
ad gone
ad gone
had gone
G
d
n’t
bject
Negati
I had
You h
He ha
She h
It had
We h
You h
They
20
GRAMMAR
Examples:
ive
n't gone
hadn't gone
adn't gone
hadn't gone
dn't gone
adn't gone
hadn't gone
hadn't gon
R
Past p
Past p
Past p
NENo
NoNo,No
No,No
No,
:
Inter
Ha
e Ha
Ha
e Ha
Ha
Ha
e Ha
ne Ha
participle ve
participle ve
participle ve
EGATIVE o, I hadn’t , he hadn’t she hadn’t
o, it hadn’t you hadn’t, we hadn’tthey hadn’
rrogative
ad I gone?
ad you gone
ad he gone?
ad she gone
ad it gone?
ad we gone?
ad you gone
ad they gon
erb
erb
erb ?
t
t t
e?
?
e?
?
e?
e?
U
1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10
Ex
Underline th
. We had a
. When I go
. I opened m
. When we
. We got ho
. I opened t
. I had know
0. Jenny wa
xercises:
he 1st actio
lready eate
ot to the air
my handba
arrived at t
ome to find
the fridge to
wn my wife
as very ple
on on each
en when Jim
port I had f
ag to find th
the station,
that someo
o find some
for three y
ased to see
h sentence
mmie came
forgotten m
at I had los
the bus ha
one had en
eone had ea
years when
e that Marc
21
.
home.
y luggage.
st my driver
ad already l
tered into t
aten all my
we got ma
c had cleane
r license.
eft.
he house.
y ice cream.
rried.
ed the kitch
.
hen.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
C
. It _______
. When he a
. After arrivin
. The laundr
. Mike felt ill
. Keyla ____
. First I tidied
. John ____
. It _______
0. When
Complete th
___________
arrived at the
ng home, I r
ry was wet, i
last night be
__________
d the flat, th
___________
__________
Lucy got ho
he followin
__________
e party, Julie
realized I ___
it _________
ecause he__
___________
en I ______
__________
___________
ome from he
ng sentenc
_ (not / rain)
e _________
__________
__________
__________
__________
___________
__________
_______ (sn
er holiday, he
22
ces using t
all summer,
__________
__________
__________
__________
_ (meet) Myr
_________(
_ (not/play) th
now) during
er flat was a
he affirma
, so the gras
_____ (leave
_________(n
______ (rain
____ (not/eat
rna last Sep
sit)down and
he piano.
the night.
mess. John
tive or neg
ss was comp
e).
not / buy) an
).
t) healthy foo
ptember.
d had a cup
n__________
gative form
pletely dead.
ny milk.
od.
of coffee.
___ (have) a
m.
.
a party.
1
in
__
2
at
be
3
to
(n
be
B
pr
w
5
__
ke
. When the
nformed him
_________
. Someone
ttacked ano
ehind the b
. In anothe
o her ex-bo
not/ forgive
ecause she
efore the b
roblem sev
watching the
. A youn
_________
ey.
Fill parenthes
inspector a
m about al
________ (a
e named F
other custo
bar. He___
er incident a
oyfriend’s ho
e) him for
e ________
break-up he
veral times,
e house bur
ng man _
___(tell) the
in the blanses.
arrived at w
ll the prev
arrest) as w
rank Herd
omer, this
__________
a young wo
ouse. Appa
leaving he
__________
e ________
, but she r
rn down an
4. There
dog a
_______
Fortunate
number o
and arres
_________
e police offic
ks in the fo
work that m
ious night’s
well as the c
_________
Frank Herd
_________
shelves
quickly
lot of d
(try) to
(catch)
oman ____
arently, she
er. He ___
_ (be) jealo
_________
efused to l
d arrested
was also a
nd then
__________
ely, the w
of the car.
sted him.
________(b
cer it was h
23
ollowing sto
orning, he
s incidents
crimes thes
_________
d _______
_ (break) th
s nearby. T
y, but not b
damage. B
o run away
) him. He pa
__________
e ________
_________
ous and po
_ (speak) to
listen. The
her.
an incident
Knocke
____(see)
witness ___
The police
be) arreste
his car and
ory with the
review the
s, with the
se people _
___ (becom
__________
he mirror a
The police
before he _
Before he s
y. The pol
aid for the d
_____ (set
__________
___ (leave)
ossessive lo
o her abou
police ___
t where a m
ed over
the inciden
_________
e ________
ed for at
that he ___
past perfec
arrest shee
names of
__________
me) very ag
___ (throw
as well as
________
__________
saw the po
lice ______
damages h
t) fire
____
) her
over.
ut the
_________
man _____
a cyc
nt and rep
_________(
_______ (g
tempting
_________
ct using the
et for the la
the peopl
_______ (c
ggressive i
w) a glass a
a lot of bo
__________
_________
olice he ___
_ quickly _
e caused in
(find) her
_________
clist. A
ported it to
(write) the
o) to the d
to steal
__________
e verbs in
st 8 hours.
e the polic
commit).
n a bar an
at the mirro
ottles on th
____ (come
__ (cause)
_________
_________
n the bar.
in the stree
(run) over
passer-b
o the police
registratio
river’s hom
a car. H
_ (forget) th
It
ce
nd
or
he
e)
a
__
__
et
a
by
e.
on
me
He
he
S
Unit Purp
Social Prac
Moral Val
eventsconfir
Aspasany
pose
ctices
lue Lo
Besit
To as applyingrm any info
In this
sk and gssive voicy idea with
Passive
yalty
eing absouation and
llow studeg passive ormation w
s unit you w
ive informce in pasth tag quest
O
e Voice On
lutely trud with anyb
24
ents to talkvoice in
with tag que
will learn to
mation ust and conftions
UNIT 2
OUR PAS
readings a
e in anybody.
k about thpast and
estions
o:
sing firm
ST
and tag qu
y
heir to
uestions
in"SGnowfo
ofMonlofo
coS
th
____________________
nternationalSleepless in
Grunge musoted that Ji
which has plor its bad w
Seattf the most
Microsoft wan your com
ocated to thor more tha
Seattombination eattle one o
he lines
__________________________________________________________________________________________
My Ho
Many Northw
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le has also important n
as foundedmputer?). Bhe north of n 50 years!
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________
ometown
years ago,west corner
Many filmsstarring Megearl Jam anrix was boretball in Sean rememb
become onnames in t and is ow
Boeing has Seattle and!
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ding under
__________________________________________________________________________________________
I was bornr of the USs have beeg Ryan and
nd Nirvana rn in Seattleeattle for moer weeks a
ne of the fahe booming
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________
25
n in SeattleSA. Recenen made thd Tom Hanare from Se! NBA fanore than 30nd weeks o
astest growg business
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Puget Sbusiness coes.
entences in
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e, Washingttly, Seattlehere, probaks. Seattle
Seattle. For s know Se
0 years. Unof grey, wet
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mous Bill Gaal to the e
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ton USA. Se has becoably the mois also knoolder peopattle for thefortunately,t weather w
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the Casand exciting
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Seattle is lome the focost famousown as the ple like me,e "Seattle S, Seattle is
when I was
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
ocated in thcus of mucs of which birthplace o it should b
Supersonicsalso famougrowing up
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________
he ch is of
be s" us p
wo g. is is re
he es
n
__________
ac
a b c. d
a
__
b
__
c.
__
d
__
Readctive voice
. _______ L
. _______ T
. _______ T
. _______ T
. The sugar
_________
. Jogging is
_________
. A standing
_________
. The syllab
_________
d the pairee, "P" in th
Louise mad
The coffee
The packag
The travel a
Rewrite t
r water was
__________
s done by m
__________
g ovation w
__________
bus was ha
__________
ed sentenche blank be
de the coffe
was made
ge was adv
agent adve
these sente
s relished b
_________
many peopl
_________
was given to
_________
nded out by
_________
Passive
P
ces aloud. eside the s
ee.
by Louise.
vertised by t
rtised the p
P
ences to p
by the humm
__________
e for exerc
__________
o the guitar
__________
y the profes
__________
26
e Voice Ex
Practicing
Write "A"entence in
the travel a
package.
Practicing
put them in
mingbirds.
__________
ise.
__________
player.
__________
ssor.
__________
xercises
I
" in the blan the passi
agent.
II
n the active
__________
__________
__________
__________
ank besideive voice.
e voice.
__________
__________
__________
__________
e the sent
_______
_______
_______
_______
tence in thhe
ca
gi
B
w
A
6
ho
tu
th
tr
fo
no
pu
di
do
ve
ve
ch
no
so
"Com
Joann
aught up in
ive herself
ut just at te
with the ma
Agency had
:30 she wa
ot bath.
Ahead
urn right, an
he driveway
ripped over
"Hey
or you now
oticed som
umping re
iscomfort a
"Oh d
own to take
ery sick, an
et's surgery
hoking, into
When
ot left yet, a
omething is
e on, come
ne beat imp
n the rush h
a chance to
en to three
an. When s
already le
as expected
d of her, the
nd raced the
y, she leap
Sheba, wh
, Sheba, he
, but I'll tak
ething wor
peatedly a
and could ha
damn, this is
e a closer
nd Joanne r
y was only
o her car fo
n she got th
and when h
s stuck in he
e on, move
patiently on
hour! She h
o relax and
e a client ha
she came
ft. Now she
d to be cha
e traffic wa
e last half-m
pt out of the
ho was stan
ello," she sa
ke you out
rying about
as if she w
ardly breath
s all I need
look, "a sic
realized sh
a few stre
r the short
here, the su
he saw the
er throat," s
The
it, idiot!"
n the steerin
had planned
have a bat
ad arrived,
out of her
e was stuc
iring a mee
as moving a
mile throug
e car and r
nding behin
aid, bendin
as soon as
t the dog. S
was trying
he; her sad
now," said
ck dog, tod
e would ha
eets away,
drive.
urgery was
state of Sh
said Dr. Ste
27
e Choking D
ng wheel of
d to leave w
th before g
and it was
office, all
k in a traffi
eting of the
at last, and
h the quiet
ran for the
d it.
ng down to
s I get back
Sheba seem
to vomit
d eyes gaze
d Joanne to
ay of all da
ave to take
and Joann
just about
heba, he br
erne. It sho
Dog
f her Merce
work early
oing out to
s two hours
the other
ic jam in ce
tennis club
she swung
suburban s
house. As
stroke the l
k from the
med to be c
something
ed up at Joa
o herself, dr
ays!" On clo
her down to
e quickly lo
to close fo
rought her q
uldn't take
edes sports
this afterno
a meeting
s before sh
staff in the
entral Birm
b. There wo
g quickly ou
streets to h
she opene
large dog's
tennis club
coughing o
up. She
anne helple
ropping her
oser exam
o the vet im
oaded the
or the day.
quickly into
me too long
s car. How
oon, at thre
of her loca
he had finis
e Highlight
ingham at
ould be no
t into the ce
er house. P
ed the door
s head, "I've
b." It was th
or choking,
was obvio
essly.
r briefcase
ination, Sh
mmediately
dog, still co
Luckily, Dr
o his office.
g to get it o
stupid to ge
ee o'clock, t
l tennis clu
shed dealin
t Advertisin
5:30, and a
time for an
enter lane t
Pulling up o
r, she near
e got no tim
hen that sh
her stomac
ously in re
and bendin
eba did loo
. Luckily, th
oughing an
. Sterne ha
"It looks lik
out."
et
to
b.
ng
ng
at
ny
to
on
rly
me
he
ch
al
ng
ok
he
nd
ad
ke
28
"Listen, doctor, I'm really in a rush to get to a meeting -- can I leave her with you, and go and
get changed? I'll be back in ten minutes to pick her up, and then I'll take her on to the meeting with
me. Is that OK?", “Sure," said the doctor. "You get going. I'll see you in ten minutes."
Joanne jumped back into her car again, and made the quick trip round to her house in a
couple of minutes. As she was once more entering the hallway, the phone on the table by the door
began to ring. She picked it up, annoyed by this additional interruption to her plans. "This is Dr.
Sterne," said an anxious voice. "Is that you, Joanne?"
"Of course it's me," said Joanne, surprised at the sound of his voice, "no-one else lives here."
"I want you to get right out of that house immediately," said the doctor's voice. "Right now. I'm
coming round right away, and the police will be there any time now. Wait outside for us." The phone
went dead. Joanne stared at it. She was confused, but she was also a little frightened by the
obvious fear in the voice of the doctor. She replaced the receiver, then quickly backed out of the
door and ran into the street.
At that moment, a police car with its lights flashing swung round the corner and screeched to
a stop outside the house. Two policemen got out. After briefly checking that she was the owner of
the house, they ran into the house through the still open door, without explaining anything. Joanne
was by now completely confused and very frightened. Then the doctor arrived.
"Where's Sheba? Is she OK?" shouted Joanne, running over to his car. "She's fine, Joanne. I
extracted the thing which was choking her, and she's OK now."
"Well what's this all about? Why are the police in my house?"
Just then, the two policemen reappeared from the house, half-carrying a white-faced figure, a
man in a dark grey sweater and jeans, who, it seemed, could hardly walk. There was blood all over
him. "My God," said Joanne, "how did he get in there? And how did you know he was there?" "I
think he must be a burglar," said the doctor. "I knew he was there because when I finally removed
what was stuck in Sheba's throat, it turned out to be three human fingers. I don't think he's a very
happy burglar."
1. W
2. Wstory
3. Wsurg
Where did J
Why was shy?
Why did shegery?
oanne wor
e angry at
e take the d
Multiple-
rk?
the begin
dog to Dr.
29
-Choice Qu
ning of the
Sterne's
uestions
a) an a
b) a ve
c) a Me
d) the t
e a) She
b) She work
c) She jam.
d) Her
a) It wachec
b) The prop
c) She the h
d) The her.
advertising
et's surgery
ercedes de
text does n
was lost.
had lost ak.
was stuck.
dog was s
as time forckup.
dog couldperly.
wanted tohouse.
doctor ha
g agency
y
ealer's offic
not say
a client at
k in a traffi
sick.
r Sheba's
dn't breathe
o get her ou
d asked to
ce
c
e
ut of
o see
4. Wand
5. Hofrom
6. Wseco
7. Whous
Why did shedrive hom
ow long dim the surge
What happeond time?
Why did the se?
e leave the e again?
d it take Joery?
ned as she
doctor tel
dog at the
oanne to d
e arrived h
l her to ge
30
e surgery
drive home
home for th
et out of the
a) She burg
b) The com
c) The her.
d) Joanher
e a) two
b) ten m
c) an h
d) the t
he a) The
b) The
c) The
d) A bu
e a) Therin th
b) It wa
c) He kinsid
d) He wouts
wanted toglar.
dog was tme home.
doctor wa
nne wanteclothes.
minutes
minutes
hour
text does n
police arri
phone ran
dog died.
urglar was
re was a dhere.
as on fire.
knew therede.
wanted to mside.
o catch a
too sick to
anted to ke
d to chang
not say
ived.
ng.
just escap
angerous
e was a bur
meet her
eep
ge
ping.
dog
rglar
8. W
9. ThJoan
10. A
Why did the
he story sanne helples
A "vet's su
burglar lo
ays that thessly". "Gaz
rgery" is p
ook very sic
e dog "gazzed" mean
probably
31
ck?
zed up at ns
a) The
b) He hfrom
c) He hvalu
d) The finge
a) stare
b) cried
c) bark
d) laug
a)
a se
b) a mi
c) an a
d) a po
police had
had caughtm the dog.
hadn't founuable thing
dog had bers.
ed
d
ked
ghed
erious oper
inor operat
animal doc
olice statio
d caught h
t a disease
nd any gs to steal.
bitten off h
ration
tion
ctor's office
n
im.
e
is
e
1a)
2
a)
3a)
4a)
5a)
6a) 7a)
When u * Wh * Wh * Is t * Do*presen*to be v*affirmaJack's Susan'sIt's warThey'reYou anYou're
I'm inte
. Teresa is) Aren’t she
. I am a go
) I am? b
. Pierre is a) He isn't?
. Kate is a ) She is?
. Jacques ) Aren't the
. Mario is a) Aren’t the
. I'm here, ) Am I not?
using tag qhat tense ishat kind ofthe senten
oes the pront tense ->verb -> ative -> happy, s tired, rm today, e busy, d I are funquiet,
elligent,
s an accoune? b) Doe
ood worker
) Do I?
a grandfat b) Isn’t he
doctor, __b) Is she?
and Alicia y? b) Are t
at work rigey? b) Isn
___? ? b) Am n
questions, s the verb?f verb is it?nce affirmaonoun need
people,
Choose
ntant, ___?esn’t she?
r, ___?
c) Am not
ther, ___? e? c) He
__? c) Doesn
are studenthey? c) Is
ght now, __'t he? c)
not I? c) A
TAG
watch for ? ? (to be/othative or negd to be cha
*pre*to *ne
the correc
? c) Isn’t sh
I? d) Are
is? d) Do
n't she? d)
nts, ___? sn't he? d)
__? Is he? d
Am not I?
32
G QUESTI
4 points:
her verbs) gative? anged? esent tensbe verb gative
Isn’t he?Isn’t she?
Isn’t it?Aren’t theyAren’t weAren’t you
Aren’t I?Am I not?
ct TAG to fi
he? d) S
en’t I?
esn’t he?
Isn't she?
) Isn't they?
) Isn't she?
d) Aren't
ONS
e Loo
? ?
y? e? u? ? ?
inish the s
She isn't?
?
?
t you?
ok at these
sh
they awe
you a
entence.
changes:
he is -> ishe is -> isn
it is -> are -> aren'e are -> areare -> aren
I am -> aI am -> am
sn't he?n't she?isn't it?'t they?
en't we?n't you?aren't I?m I not?
8a)
9a)
10a)
. You and ) Aren't I?
. It's windy) Aren't the
0. I am rea) Isn't it?
1-You
a)
b)
c)
2. He
a)
b)
c)
d)
3. You
a)
b)
c)
d)
I are busy b) Aren't
y today, __y? b) Isn
ady for the b) Do
wanted tha
would you
didn't you
wouldn't yo
saw that ..
is he
won't he
didn't he
doesn't he
u know that
would you
wouldn't y
don't you
didn't you
right now,t we? C)
__? n't it? C)
next exercon't I? c
CHOO
at, .......... ?
ou
........ ?
e
t's right .....
u
you
, ___? ) We aren't?
) Isn't it?
cise, ___?c) Aren't you
OSE THE C
..... ?
33
? d) Aren
u? d) Are
CORRECT T
n't you?
en't I?
TAG QUESSTION
4
5
6d
7
. He will be
a) is he
b) did he
c) doesn
d) won
. After all th
a) didn't
b) would
c) don't
d) do yo
6. The amodoctor….?
a) does
b) did h
c) won't
d) is he
. You may t
a) don't
b) would
c) would
d) do yo
e coming.....
e
n't he
his time you
you
dn't you
you
ou
unt he’s su
sn't he
he
t he
e
think you k
you
d you
dn't you
ou
...... ?
u'd think he
uffering from
now the an
'd have forg
m hay fever
nswer but yo
34
gotten........
r he needs t
ou don't ....
... ?
to see a
...... ?
8. Afte
a)
b)
c)
d)
9. You
a)
b)
c)
d)
10. He
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
er working s
doesn't he
did he
won't he
is he
u wouldn't r
don't you
would you
wouldn't y
do you
e isn't going
didn't he
did he
won't he
is he
do you
so hard he
e
report me, .
u
you
g to like this
didn't dese
.......... ?
s, .......... ?
35
erve to fail tthe exam.......... ?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
1- You'ra. areb. isnc. sho
2- It wasa. wab. isnc. wa
WR
She is col
We often w
You have
John and
Peter play
They are g
Mary didn
He could h
Kevin will
) I'm clever
THINK ENGLI
THOSE
TAGS QU
re coming en't you n't you ouldn't you
sn't very dasn't it n't it as it
RITE THE C
lecting sti
watch TV i
cleaned yo
Max don't
yed handba
going hom
n't do her h
have boug
come ton
r_________
ABOUT SH IN TH
E EXERC
UESTIONS,
to the part
u
ifficult, ___
CORRECT
ckers____
in the after
our bike__
like Math_
all yesterd
me from sch
homework
ght a new c
ight______
_________
ALL THHIS UNIT
ISES WIL
, CHOOSE
ty, ___?
_?
36
TAG QUES
________?
rnoon____
__________
__________
ay_______
hool______
last Monda
car_______
_________
_________?
E THING
LL HELP
THE MOS
STION
__________
___?
________?
__________
_________
ay_______
__________
______?
?
GS YOU H
YOU PRA
ST APROPI
_?
___?
_?
___?
___?
HAVE LE
ACTICE T
ATE ANSW
EARNED
THEM
WER
TO DO IN
37
3-Tom is getting something for Sue, ___? a. wasn't he b. isn't he c. was he
4- It won't be anything expensive, ___? a. won't it b. isn't it c. will it
5- There's some milk in the refrigerator, ___? a. isn't there b. isn't it c. wasn't it
6-We don't need to go to the store today, ___? a. don't we b. do I c. do we
7-Susan can bring some food, ___? a. won't she b. will she c. can't she 8-The party starts at eight o'clock, ___? a. isn't it b. doesn't it c. does it 9- The movie was very long, ___? a. isn't it b. wasn't it c. was it
10- There's a dictionary on the shelf, ___? a. isn't it b. isn't there c. aren't there
Those Sbelong toJoe, _______
He chea______
The teawill hamee
______
PRACTI
A
_
heep o farmer
_____?
Y
_
ats her, _____?
achers ave a ting,
_____? _
ICE TAGS
Ana and Sofbought clothes,
_________
You did not the pie,
_________
He playedsoccer
yesterday_________
S QUEST
fia
_?
The sc______
try
_?
You seen _____
d
, _?
You hmy
______
38
TIONS WI
chool is so _________
have alreaMadagasc_________
have not usy computer,_________
TH THIS
big, ___?
The are
____
dy car, __?
Luis Mgrea____
sed , ___?
It isto
___
GAME
students e good, _______?
Miguel is a at singer, _______?
s windy oday,
______?
You will nothe pa
______
These penfrom Ta______
ot go to arty, ___?
ncils are iwan,
___?
Prractice withh your clas
ssmates Ta
39
ag questioons using tthe next coonversations
E
D
T
I
________
T
______
I
____
I W
______
ENGLISH
DATE____
HIS IS MY
LEARNED
____________________________________
HE MOST
___________________________
HAD DIFFI
__________________
WOULD LI
___________________________
CLASS
________
EVALUAT
:
________________________________________
INTEREST
______________________________
ICULTY WI
____________________
IKE TO LEA
______________________________
NOW
_________
TION OF MY
____________________________________
TING THING
___________________________
ITH:
__________________
ARN MOR
___________________________
W ANSWE
________
Y PROGRE
________________________________________
G I LEARN
______________________________
____________________
E ABOUT:
______________________________
40
ER THIS
________
ESS THIS M
____________________________________
NED WAS:
___________________________
__________________
___________________________
_________
MONTH
________________________________________
______________________________
____________________
______________________________
________
________________________________________
______________________________
____________________
______________________________
________
____________________________________
___________________________
__________________
___________________________
_
______________________________________
____________________________
__________________
____________________________
___
__
_
__
S
M
Unit Purp
Social Prac
Moral Value
use anEnglis
Joreacla
pose
ctices
e
Plurality
Throughbe able people aappreciaand livin
Studnd applicash.
In this
in ideas anading & talauses.
y
h this unit to approacand cultureate other wng.
ents will btion of rela
s unit you w
nd sentenclking) usin
PEOPLE
Rel
the studench differenes in order
ways of thi
41
be able to rative claus
will learn to
ces (writingg relative
UNIT III
WHO LO
lative claus
nt will nt r to nking
recognize tses in writt
o:
g,
OVED ME
ses
the ten
E
1
2
3th
A
Bof
Cde
Dm
Eba
. Before yo
. With a pa
. Then reahe most.
A: Luis is a s
B: Sophie isften bossy.
C: Pedro isemanding b
D: Irene is amake the de
and F: Caad temper
B
C
ou read ab
artner, disc
d the desc
strong, kind
s playful an
s close-minboss.
always careecisions. Sh
arlos and Bbut are nice
out these s
cuss their p
criptions to
d grandfath
nd stubborn
nded and
eful not to he is a shy p
etty are yoe, intelligen
D
six people
personaliti
ogether an
er. He is ha
n, but she is
selfish. He
offend peoperson; she
ung, enthunt people. T
A
42
e, observe
ies that yo
nd discuss
ard-working
s also frien
e is consid
ople. With Pe is physica
siastic studThey hope t
E
their appe
ou think the
s which per
g and enthu
dly and clo
dered to h
Pedro, sheally strong b
dents and eo start a fa
E
arance.
ey have.
rson each
usiastic. He
osed-minde
is wife, Ire
tends to bbut emotion
excellent atmily somed
F
of you ide
isn’t grump
ed. She is a
ene. At wo
be retiring anally weak.
thletes. Theday.
entifies wit
py at all.
adorable an
ork, he is
and lets hi
ey both hav
th
nd
a
m
ve
d
____________________________
____________________
escription
1. He
2. The
3. She
4. He
5. He
6. She
Teachers wh
Neighbors w
____________________________________________
________________________________________________
Read the fs.
is a person
ey are a co
e is a woma
is a family
is a boss w
e is a perso
WHO is
Finish the
ho…
who…
___________________________.
_______________________________.
following s
n who intim
uple who s
an that prob
man who w
who deman
on who love
s a relative
e diagram th
sentences
midates peo
eem physic
bably need
works hard
nds a lot.
es her gran
Rela
pronoun th
hat indicate
I p
43
and write
ple close to
cally and em
s psycholo
.
ndfather.
ative Prono
hat precede
es some of
prefer
the letter w
o him.
motionally h
gical attent
ouns
es the descr
your prefer
which matc
healthy.
tion.
ription of a
rences.
____________________
____________________
ches the p
person.
Friends who
Boys/girls w
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
previous
o…
who…
___________________________________.
___________________________________.
T
H
__
__
__
Ji
H
__
__
__
homas Alba
He taught hi
_________
_________
_________
im Morrison
He wrote ma
_________
_________
_________
Following
a Edison w
mself much
__________
__________
__________
n was a roc
any poetry b
__________
__________
__________
g the exam
E
H
was an inven
h by readin
_________
_________
_________
ck and roll s
books.
_________
_________
_________
mple, use t
Edgar Allan
He wrote ma
Edgar Allamany scary
ntor.
g on his ow
__________
__________
__________
Stev
He p
___
___
___
singer.
__________
__________
__________
44
he relative
Poe was a
any scary s
an Poe way short stor
wn.
__________
__________
__________
ven Spielbe
produced E
__________
__________
__________
______
______
______
e pronoun W
n American
short stories
s an Amerries.
__
__
__.
erg is an A
E.T., Saving
_________
_________
_________
WHO to jo
n writer and
s.
rican writer
American dir
g the Privat
__________
__________
__________
in two sen
d poet.
r and poet
rector.
e Ryan and
__________
__________
__________
ntences.
t who wrot
d Jaws.
_________
_________
_________
te
__
__
__
U
A rel
Use WHOM
WHWHO?
Observ
lative claus
Ex
Write the
to refer to
HOM is an
ve:
se is the p
. I dislike p
e rule:
the ______
(sub
nother rela
art of the s
eople who
__________
bject/object/
45
tive pronou
The perso
sentence th
mistreat an
______ of t
/verb)
un used fo
O
S
on whom O
R
at begins w
nimals.
the ______
(relativ
or people.
Omar idolize
Subject ve
Omar idolizz
Relative Cl
with the rela
__________
ve clause/se
How is d
es Sakira.
rb obj
zes is Shak
ause
ative pronou
_______.
entence)
ifferent fro
ject
kira.
un:
m
1. She is
2. They
3. He is
1. __
2. __
3. __
4. __
5. __
Whom isthat corr
s a person
are pople w
a person w
Now write
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
these senresponds t
who loves
whom we c
who makes
e the begin
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
ntences desto each of
dangerous
call when th
bread.
ning of ea
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
46
scribing? Wthem.
sports.
ere is a fire
ch sentenc
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
Work in pa
e.
ce about p
_whom I con
_whom I fea
_whom my f
_whom I find
_whom my f
airs and in
people in yo
nsider crea
ar.
friend idoliz
d irritating.
family loves
dicate the
our life.
tive.
zes.
s.
number
Cheettahs are cats
Observe a
that don’t liv
another rel
The polar b
Hor
ve in caves.
The
ative pron
bear is an ani
rses are anim
bat is a creat
47
noun in act
mal that lives
mals that peop
ture that slee
tion.
s in cold place
ple ride.
The giraffe
eps at night.
es.
e is a mammal that lives in Africa.
2. Th
_____
_____
4. Pigs a
_____
_____
Use TH
he peacock
_________
_________
are_______
_________
_________
HAT to finis
k is_______
__________
__________
_________
__________
__________
sh five ani
_________
__________
__________
3.The octo
____
____
__________
__________
__________
48
imals desc
1.Elepha_______
_______
__________
_________
_________
opus is ___
_________
_________
__________
__________
__________
criptions.
ants are _________
__________
____
____
____
__________
__________
__________
___
__
__.
__________
__________
_________
_________
_________
_______
________
_________
_________
_________
W
A: Th
B: Th
There
Whichat a n
Whichdid to
Use the r
________
(subject/
Write the ru
Comparepronoun
he dance pr
very admi
he dance pr
e is an impo
h one couldnight club?
h one tells yoo?
elative pron
_________
object/subj
Many peoyou use T
But for re
A tornadopatterns.
ule.
e two very WHICH.
resentation,
ired.
resentation
ortant differ
d mean that
you that Da
noun THAT
__________
ect or objec
ople use WHITHAT: Dancing
elative clause
o, which is a c
similar sen
, which Da
that Danie
rence betwe
t everyone
aniel gave a
T for ______
(huma
___ of a sen
ct)
CH and THATg is an activity
es that are sep
climatic phen
49
ntences, o
aniel gave, w
el gave was
een these t
(including D
a dance pre
_________
ns/non-hum
ntence.
T interchangey which that
parated by co
omenon, has
one with TH
was
s very admi
wo sentenc
Daniel) gav
esentation b
_______ tha
mans)
ably. Your wrDaniel loves.
ommas, WHIC
s changed inte
HAT and on
red.
ces. Discus
ve a dance
but does no
at are the
riting will be c
CH is preferab
ernational we
ne with a n
ss them in t
presentatio
ot imply tha
clearer if
ble:
eather
new relativ
rios.
on- maybe
at the others
ve
s
1.My
is____
2.My are__
3.This
are__
4.My
_____
5.Our
is____
The relativ
For_____
(
Complete
house, whi
__________
grades,whi
_________
s school, w
__________
objective in
_________
r planet, wh
__________
Write the
ve pronoun
__________
humans/no
e the sente
ch_______
__________
ich_______
__________
which______
_________
n life which_
__________
hich______
__________
S
rule.
ns WHICH a
__________
on-humans
ences to de
__________
_________
__________
_________
_________
__________
_________
__________
__________
_________
Share your
and THAT
________,
)
50
escribe yo
_________
__________
_________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
r sentence
are used fo
use WHO.
ur life.
__________
_________
__________
__________
_________
__________
_________
__________
_________
_________
es with you
or ________
( hu
_________
__________
_________
_________
__________
__________
__________
_________
__________
__________
ur classma
_________
umans/non-
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
_________
__________
__________
_________
__________
ates.
__________
-humans)
_____,
______.
_____,
_____.
_____,
______.
______,
_____.
______,
______.
__.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
…
…
. This is the
. Yesterday
. The wome
. Can I talk
. She likes
. The man
. Bill Clinton
… family was
fans call him
WHOSE
Test you
e boy (whic
y I saw a ca
en (whom/
to the girl (
hamburger
(who/whom
n, (who/wh
Read the
Write the
very poor.
“Ronaldinho
is a relative
ur self and
ch/who/wh
ar (that/who
/that/which
(which/who
rs (which/th
m/which) I
hom/which)
e following
e rule.
o Gaucho”.
e pronoun t
circle the
hom) had an
o/which) wh) I saw in th
o/whom) is
hat/who) a
saw was ta
h) was Pres
statement
R
… birthday is
that indicate
51
correct re
n accident.
was really o
he house w
s sitting on
are hot.
all.
ident of the
ts about R
Ronaldinho is a man whose …
s march 21st.
es_______
(Pred
elative pron
ld.
were quiet.
the bench?
e USA, has
onaldinho
… s
… t
__________
iction/progr
noun in the
?
only one d
.
smile is famou
eeth are extr
__________
ression/pos
ese senten
daughter.
us.
remely large.
__________
ssession)
nces.
______.
in
minmwchofdi
Chyo
1. Mado_____
2. Denz_____
3. Pitbu_____
Selecnformation
Bill Gman in thenstalledin 9man. Gatesworld’s biggharity. His f the Bill aiseases and
hoose oneou don’t kn
onna is a w_________
el washing_________
ull is a sing_________
ct the corren about Bill
Gates _____e world. T4% of the ,_________est philantwife Melindand Melindd supports
e of these fnow aspec
woman __________
gton is an __________
ger __________
ect relativel Gates.
_____is mThe Windo
PC’s prese_____ newrhrospist. Hda_______da Gates Fpublic high
famous peots about th
__________
actor __________
__________
Quiz
e pronoun
arried and ws prograently sold.
w worth is He has don
______ he Foundation
h schools.
52
ople and chem, searc
_________
_________
_________
z
(who/who
has three am,_______
But he alsover $48 bnated apprmarried in
n, _______
create a relch for infor
__________
__________
__________
m/whose/t
children, i___is his so appears billion, is kroximately $1994, is th
_______figh
ative clausrmation on
_________
_________
_________
that/which)
is the richeinvention, to be a ni
known as t$29 billion
he co-foundhts infectio
se using Wnline.
___.
____.
___.
) to comple
est is
ce he to
der ous
WHOSE. If
ete
which
which
that ce
which
which
which
that is
who d
Check th
is illegal in
usually occ
elebrates th
is in New Y
they rent o
are fried in
very advan
on’t get ask
e relative c
most state
curs at the
he end of th
York
only for that
n oil
nced in eve
ked to go to
Rel
clauses yo
es
end of the
he high sch
evening
ery aspect o
o the prom
53
ative Clau
ou hear.
school yea
ool years
of modern l
by a boy
ses
r in June
ife
ap
1
2
3
4
5
I
I c
I c
I c
T
S
Use tppear in tw
A: My
._________
A: Yo
._________
A: Plu
._________
A: I w
._________
A: We
._________
understan
can identif
can disting
can prono
eacher:___
tudent:___
the correctwo sentenc
y neighbor i
_________
u are the st
_________
uto was a d
_________
will be an arc
_________
e were nice
_________
d the role
fy the subj
guish betw
unce relat
_________
_________
t relative pces.
s a woman
__________
tudent.
__________
og.
__________
chitect.
__________
e children.
__________
that a relat
ect and ob
ween THAT
ive pronou
__________
__________
pronoun to
n.
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
SELF-CH
tive prono
bject of a c
T ,WHICH, W
uns correc
_________
__________
54
write a se
B: She h
__________
B: I need
__________
B: Pluto
__________
B: Many
__________
B: Our fa
__________
HECK EVAL
un plays in
clause.
WHOM, an
ctly.
__________
_________
entence tha
as twelve c
__________
d to check y
__________
didn’t like d
__________
people will
__________
avorite toy w
__________
LUATION
n a senten
nd WHOSE
_____ Date
_____
at joins tw
cats.
_________
your homew
_________
dog food.
_________
admire me
_________
was an emp
_________
ce
E.
e:________
o ideas tha
________.
work.
_________.
_________.
e.
_________.
pty box.
_________.
YES N
__
at original
.
.
.
.
NO
ly
Wdico
W
C
T
T
A
When we taifferent. Peomparative
We can use
OMPARISO
To show di
To show no
AS MUCH
1. Defineis qua
Exa
Ple
Ind
2. Als
Exa
As
Ho
Mu
alk about twerhaps theye adjectives
comparativ
ONS OF QUA
ifference: m
o differenc
AS…
es the samalified by wh
ample:
ease help y
icates what
o, howeve
ample:
s much as I
owever mu
uch as Kare
CO
wo things, y are the to describe
ve adjective
ANTITY
more, less,
ce: as much
me quantity ahat follows.
yourself as
tever amou
r much, m
hate to, I m
uch it hurts,
en would lo
OMPARA
we can "csame in se the differe
es when we
fewer + tha
h as , as ma
as, as man.
much as yo
unt you wish
uch as. Ev
must stay ho
you ought
ove to see u
55
ATIVE AD
compare" tsome waysences.
e are talking
an.
any as, as f
y (def.), the
ou want.
h.
ven though,
ome tonigh
to admit yo
us, she can
DJECTIVE
them. We c and differ
g about two
few as, as
e meaning o
, no matter
ht
ou were wro
't get out of
ES
can see if rent in oth
o things.
little as.
of much as
how much,
ong
f her prior c
they are ter ways. W
s a large am
, as.
commitmen
the same oWe can us
mount here
t.
or se
e
56
3. Also, so much as. In effect, nearly the same as.
If she wins the award, so much the better for the team.
Mom as much as told Jane she couldn't go.
The clerk so much as accused the customer of shoplifting.
These expressions intensify the meaning of the verb and indicate that the action is unexpected.
We use AS MUCH AS like this:
+ +
Jesus doesn’t have as much time as he used to.
Sarah didn’t eat as much as Simon.(food)
I don’t know as much about it he does. (Information)
I give my girlfriend as much love and attention as she needs.
We also use this structure to indicate that we have the double of something ( also with uncountable nouns)
Examples:
She did twice as much work last week as she did the week before.
He earns four times as much as me.(money).
AS MUCH UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
2
__
__
._________
_________
_________
Observe
_________
__________
__________
these pict
__________
_________
_________
3
__
__
tures and c
1.____
____
____
_________
__________
__________
3.________
_________
_________
57
create sent
__________
_________
_________
__________
_________
_________
_________
__________
__________
tences usi
__________
__________
__________
__
__
__.
__________
__________
__________
ng AS MU
_________
_________
_________
__________
_________
_________
UCH AS
________
_________
_________.
________
______
______.
.
L
Is
The com
Peop
Thin
Plac
ook at the
s there any
Indefinite
mpounds “
ple
gs
ce
e examples
body in the
Som
e pronouns
“someone/
POSITISomeo
Somebo
Someth
Somewh
s:
e office?
This
INDEFIN
mebody, S
s refer to p
/anyone” e
IVE one
ody
hing
here
is a book f
58
NITE PRO
Someone a
eople with
etc. follow
INTERRAn
Any
Any
Any
for anyone
Nobody
NOUNS
and Anybo
hout mentio
the same
ROGATIVEnyone
ybody
ything
ywhere
that loves
understand
ody
oning who
rules as “a
E No o
Nobo
Noth
Nowh
physics.
ds algebra
they are.
any” and “
NEGATIVEone/not any
ody/not any
hing/not any
ere/not any
in the class
“some”.
E yone
ybody
ything
ywhere
sroom.
1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - 5. - 6. - 7. - 8. - 9. -
Fill in the
Do
________
know____
a lot of co
know ___
There is There is __There isn´tThere is __There is __There is __There isn´tThere isn´tThere is __
e blanks w
o you know
_____hot w
_________
ountries bec
__________
no one _________t ___________________________________t ________t _________________
with “someo
w _______
where I c
__ in Spain
cause he tr
______ther
on the_______________________________________b___________________b___________________in
one”, “any
_________b
can do___
and he sa
ravels every
re, _______
59
e roof of the_at the doo_near the d_on the swibehind the t__at the winbehind the __with Daisn the house
yone”, “som
beautiful to
__________
ays there is
ywhere for
________m
e house. r. og. ng. tree. ndow. house.
sy. e.
mewhere”
o go during
___ all da
n’t _______
his job. I w
must know o
, “anywhe
g the holid
ay but lie
__________
want to go to
of a good p
re” or “not
days? I wa
on the
__ better. H
o Greece b
place to go!
thing”.
ant to go
beach. I
He knows
but I don’t
1. - I ca2. - In m3. - The4. - I wa5. - ___6. - She7. - ___8. - Is t9. - The10. - Ha11. - Th12. - Do
Look at t
an´t f ind mmy town there isn´t _ant to buy_________e doesn´t _________here ____
ere is ____ave you gohere is ___on´t tel l __
he picture
my wallet _here is alw________
y ______________liveknow ___
_____is ri_________________ot _______________________
and fill in
1. -
2. -
3. -
4. -
5. -
6. -
_________ways ___________we________es here, th________nging the _____at h
______in t________________in
________
60
“SOMETH
- There isn’t
- There is __
- There is __
- There is __
- There is__
- There isn’t
_________________e can do n
_for my mohere isn´t
_____herebell , go aome? he house
___to say?that room
____.
HING”, “AN
t _________
__________
__________
__________
__________
t _________
_. _____to pnow. other, i t´s any wate
e. and see.
at the mo?
m.
NYTHING”
_________
_______ un
____ the sto
_______on
____ on the
_______on
ark.
her birthdr.
oment.
OR “NOTH
on the table
nder the tab
ove.
the fridge.
floor, It’s a
the top of c
day.
HING”.
e.
le.
dog.
cabinets.
61
See if you can make sense of these:
Somebody, Everybody, Anybody, and Nobody
Once there were four managers. Their names were: Somebody, Everybody, Anybody, and Nobody.
They were very busy people, but whenever there was an important job to be done, Everybody was sure that
Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did. When Nobody did it, Everybody got
angry because it was Everybody's job. Everybody thought that Somebody would do it, but Nobody realized
that Nobody would do it. So consequently Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody
could have done in the first place.
The competition
Now they all worked in the same company, and their company held a competition: Who could
produce the best logo? Everybody had a good idea. Nobody thought nobody would follow it through.
Somebody thought anybody could work on it. Anybody thought everybody should do it. Everybody thought
someone would do it. So nobody did anything. Everybody thought anybody could win something. Anybody
thought somebody should win. Somebody thought everybody would win. Nobody thought nobody would
win. What did they win? Nothing!
Indefinite Pronouns: Practice Directions: Use the pronouns in the box to complete these jokes. The first letter is given to help you choose.
Use each word once. Some words, such as everyone and everybody, can work in more than one place.
Once you’ve used a word, cross it off so you won’t use it again.
1. - Why does a surgeon wear a mask during operations?
. . . So if something goes wrong, n__________________ can identify her.
2. - If an apple a day keeps the doctor away, what does garlic do?
. . . It keeps e______________________ away!
3. - What runs all the time without ever getting a____________________?. . . Your refrigerator
Anybody anything anywhere everybody everyone everywhere nobody no one nothing something somewhere
62
4. - Boy: “This scale is broken.”
Girl: “How do you know that?”
Boy: “It tells e _______________________ a different weight.”
5. - What can you lose and n_____________________ else can find for you? . . . Your temper.
6. - What time is it when you find King Kong in your bed?
. . . Time to sleep s_____________________ else!
7. - What has n_________________________ left but a nose when it loses an eye? . . . The word noise.
8. - How are banks and trees alike? . . . They have branches e____________________________.
9. - What did one eye say to the other? . . . “Between you and me, s________________ smells.”
10. - Which moves faster, heat or cold? . . . Heat. A______________________ can catch cold.
E
D
T
IL
________
T
______
I
____
I W
______
ENGLISH
DATE____
HIS IS MY
LEARNED:
____________________________________
HE MOST
___________________________
HAD DIFFI
__________________
WOULD LI
___________________________
N
CLASS
________
EVALUAT
________________________________________
INTEREST
______________________________
ICULTY WI
____________________
IKE TO LEA
______________________________
NOW ANS
_________
TION OF MY
____________________________________
TING THING
___________________________
ITH:
__________________
ARN MOR
___________________________
SWER TH
________
Y PROGRE
________________________________________
G I LEARN
______________________________
____________________
E ABOUT:
______________________________
63
HIS
________
ESS THIS M
___________________________________
NED WAS:
___________________________
__________________
___________________________
_________
MONTH
______________________________
______________________________
____________________
______________________________
________
______________________________
______________________________
____________________
______________________________
________
___________________________
___________________________
__________________
___________________________
_
______________________________
____________________________
__________________
____________________________
___
__
_
__
64
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS LIST
REGULAR VERBS
INFINITIVO PASADO Y PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICADOact Acted Actuar add Added Sumar, añadir aid Aided Ayudar arrest Arrested Arrestar assist Assisted Ayudarattend Attended Asistir, ir address Addressed Dirigirse
advertise Advertised Anunciar amuse Amused Entretener approach Approached Acercarse
ask Asked Preguntar, pedir accompany Accompanied Acompañar accustom accustomed Acostumbrar agree agreed Concordar annoy annoyed Molestar answer answered Responder appeal applealed Atraer appear appeared Aparecer arrange arranged Arreglar, ordenar arrive arrived Arribar accompany accompanied Acompañar accustom accustomed Acostumbrar agree agreed Concordar annoy annoyed Molestar answer answered Responder appeal applealed Atraer appear appeared Aparecer arrange arranged Arreglar, ordenar board boarded Abordar
65
balance balanced Equilibrar banish banished Desterrar bark barked Ladrar bless blessed Bendecir brush brushed Cepillar behave behaved Comportarse
belong belonged Pertenecer beg begged suplicar, mendigar believe believed Creer boil boiled Hervir breathe breathed Respirar complete completed Completar consist consisted Consistir count counted Contar close closed Cerrar cook cooked Cocinar crash crashed Chocar cross crosssed cruzar call called Llamar care cared Cuidar carry carried Llevar change changed Cambiar check checked Chequear charge charged cargar, cobrar clean cleaned Limpiar climb climbed escalar, subircomb combed Peinar cover covered Cubrir cry cried Llorar crawl crawled gatear, arrastrarse
dance danced bailar dress dressed vestir dropp dropped dejar caer
66
dial dialed sintonizar, marcar die died morir declare declared declarar delay delayed demorar deliver delivered entregar deny denied negar dine dined cenar dry dried secar enclose enclosed incluir, encerrar enjoy enjoyed disfrutar engage engaged comprometer envy envied envidiar express expressed expresar exclaim exclaimed exclamar explain explained explicar fail failed fracasar, fallar fasten fastended abrochar file filed archivar fill filled llenar fire fired echar del trabajo, disparar follow followed seguir frighten frightened espantar fry fried freir finish finished terminar fish fished pescar fix fixed fixedgain gained ganar guess guessed adivinar help helped ayudar hope hoped esperar, desear happen happened suceder hurry hurried apurar (se) imagine imagined imaginar
67
iron ironed planchar judge judged juzgar kiss kissed besar kill killed matar laugh laughged reir leak leaked gotear like liked gustar lock locked cerrar con llave
look looked mirar mark marked marcar, señalar milk milked ordeñar un animal miss missed extrañar manage managed manejar marry married casar (se) massage massaged masajear measure measured medir move moved mover observe observed observar offer offered ofrecer open opened abrir order ordered ordenar peform performed ejecutar phone phoned telefonear plan planned planear play played jugar, tocar plough ploughed ararpour poured derramar, verter pray prayed orar prefer prefered preferir prepare prepared preparar pull pulled tirar park parked estacionar pass passed pasar
68
pick picked recoger please pleased complacer polish polished pulir practise practised practicar promise promised prometer pronounce pronounced pronunciar punish punished castigar push pushed empujar repeat repeated repetir report reported reportar, informar request requested solicitar, pedir rest rested descansar reach reached alcanzar refuse refused rehusar raise raised levantar rain rained llover realice realized darse cuenta
register registered matricularse, registrar receive received recibir Remain remained quedar, sobrar Remenber remenbered recordar Repair pepaired reparar Require required requerir Reserve reserved reservar, guardar Row rowed remar Resolve resolved resolverReturn returned retornar, volver Search searched buscar, registrar Save saved salvar 0serve served servir settle settled arreglar, establecer sign signed firmar smile smiled sonreir
69
snow snowed nevar spill spilled derramar stay stayed permanecer, quedarse
study studied estudiar suffer suffered sufrir swallow swallowed tragar slip slipped resbalar smoke smoked fumar stop stopped detener, parar switch switched conectar, accionar stretch stretched estirar talk talked conversar thank thanked agradecer touch touched tocar, palpar trap trapped atrapar tire tired cansar, fatigar train trained entrenar travel traveled viajar trouble troubled molestar try tried tratar, intantar turn turned girar, voltear unpack unpacked desempacar use used usar visit visited visitar wait waited esperar want wanted querer, requerirwalk walked caminar wash washed lavar watch watched observar, mirar wish wished desear, anhelar work worked trabajar wrap up wrapped up envolver wreck wrecked naufragar
70
warm warmed calentar warn warned advertir water watered regar weigh weighed pesar whistle whistled silbar
IRREGULAR VERBS
INFINITIVE PAST TENSE PARTICIPLE MEANING arise arose arisen Elevarse, surgir, originarse. awake awoke awoken Despertar, mover, excitar. bear bore born Soportar, sostener, tolerar. beat beat beaten Batir,revolver, golpear, vencer. become became become Hacerse,tornarse,convertirse en. begin began begun Empezar, iniciar. bend bent bent Doblar, inclinar, torcer. bet bet bet Apostar bite bit bitten Morder. blow blew blown Soplar break broke broken Quebrar, partir, romper. bring brought brought Traer, llevar, conducir. build built built Construir, edificar. burn burnt burnt Quemar, incendiar. burst burst burst Romper, reventar. buy bought bought Comprar catch caught caught Coger, asir, atrapar. choose chose chosen Escoger, elegir. cling clung clung Asirse, adherirse, pegarse. come came come Venir cost cost cost Costar creep crept crept Arrastrarse,deslizarse, pegarse. cut cut cut Cortar, dividir. dig dug dug Cavar, ahondar. do did done Hacer, ejecutar. draw drew drawn Tirar, arrastrarse, atraer, dibujar. drink drank drunk Beber
71
drive drove driven Impulsar, conducir, llevar, inducir. fall fell fallen Caer, disminuir. feed fed fed Alimentar, nutrir. feel felt felt Sentir, percibir, tocar. fight fought fought Pelear, combatir. find found found Encontrar, descubrir. find out found out found out Averiguar, investigar. flee fled fled Escapar, huír, evitar. fly flew flown Volar forget forgot forgotten Olvidar (se) forgive forgave forgiven Perdonar freeze froze frozen Congelar get got got (ten) Lograr, obtener, conseguir. give gave given Dar, conceder. go went gone Ir (se), funcionar, resultar. grow grew grown Crecer, cultivar. hang hung hung Colgar, Suspender. have had had Tener, haber. hear heard heard Oír, escuchar. hide hid hid (den) Ocultar, encubrir. hit hit hit Pegar, golpear, acertar. hold held held Sostener,mantener,contener. hurt hurt hurt Herir, dañar, lastimar. keep kept kept Mantener,guardar,conservar. know knew known Conocer, saber. lay laid laid Poner, colocar. lead led led Guiar, llevar, conducir. lean leant leant Inclinar(se), apoyarse. learn learnt learnt Aprender, saber. leave left left Partir, irse, abandonar. lend lent lent Prestar let let let Permitir, conceder. lie lay lain Tenderse, descansar, estar,
situado. light lit lit Alumbrar, iluminar, encender (se).lose lost lost Perder, malgastar.
72
make made made Hacer, confeccionar, producir. mean meant meant Significar,querer decir pretender. meet met met Encontrarse, satisfacer. melt melted molten (old) Derretir(se), fundir(se). mistake mistook mistaken Equivocarse, comprender mal,
errar misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood Entender mal. overcome overcame overcome Vencer, superar, sobreponerse. pay paid paid Pagar, recompensar. put put put Poner,colocar, exponer. read read read Leer,descifrar, marcar. rebuild rebuilt rebuilt Reconstruir rid rid rid Librarse, zafarse. ride rode ridden Rodar, tener juego, funcionar. ring rang rung Tocar, sonar. rise rose risen Ascender,elevarse,levantarse,
surgir. run ran run Correr, funcionar. saw sawed sawn Cortar con sierra, aserrar. say said said Decir, afirmar. see saw seen Ver, observar. seek sought sought Buscar, solicitar. sell sold sold Vender send sent sent Enviar set set set Instalar, establecer, colocar, fijar. shake shook shaken Sacudir, lanzar, agitar. shed shed shed Derramar, esparcir, dejar caer. shine shone shone Brillar, relumbrar, sobresalir. shoot shot shot Disparar, emitir, lanzar. show showed shown Mostrar, excibir, probar, demostar.shut shut shut Cerrar, impedir, excluír. sing sang sung Cantar sink sank sunk Hundir, sumergir sit sat sat Sentarse, reunirse. sleep slept slept Dormir slide slid slid(den) Resbalar, deslizarse, escabullirse.smell smelt smelt Oler, percibir.
73
speak spoke spoken Hablar, decir. spend spent spent Gastar, consumir, emplear
(tiempo). spill spilt spilt Derramar, verter, divulgar. spin spun spun Tornear, hilar, hacer girar. split split split Partir, dividir, separar, reventar. spoil spoilt spoilt Deteriorar, dañar, inutilizar. spread spread spread Extender, esparcir, propagar. spring sprang sprung Saltar, soltar, brotar, surgir. stand stood stood Pararse, tolerar, estar (de pié). steal stole stolen Robar, escabullirse. stick stuck stuck Pegar, adherirse, prender, fijar. stink stank stunk Oler mal, apestar. strike struck struck Golpear, pegar, estallar. swell swelled swollen Hinchar, inflamar, engrosar. swim swam swum Nadar, flotar. swing swung swung Balancera(se), hacer girar. take took taken Tomar, llevar. teach taught taught Enseñar tear tore torn Romper, despedazar, rasgar. tell told told Decir, contar, narrar. think thought thought Pensar, creer. throw threw thrown Lanzar, tirar, impeler, arrojar. thrust thrust thrust Introducir con violencia, empujar,
impeler undergo underwent undergone Sufrir, experimentar, pasar por. understand understood understood Comprender. undo undid undone Desarmar, deshacer. wake woke woke (n) Despertar, excitar. wear Wore worn Gastar(se), consumirse, usar. win Won won Ganar, conquistar. wind Wound wound Enroscar(se), serpentear, girar. withdraw Withdrew withdrawn Retirar, retractarse, quitar. withstand Withstood withstood Resistir, oponerse, soportar. write Wrote written Escribir.
